From December 2021 to March 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Missouri were 154,875, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 130,222, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Michael Hirniak noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 24,653 jobs in the private sector during the first quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 43,250. (See chart 1.)

 

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the first quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.5 percent of private-sector employment in Missouri; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.6 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Missouri, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 127,243 in the first quarter of 2022, a decrease of 11,262 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 27,632 jobs gained in the first quarter of 2022, a decrease of 8,214 jobs from the previous quarter.

 
Gross job losses

In the first quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 5.4 percent of private-sector employment both in Missouri and nationally. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Missouri, contracting establishments lost 106,678 jobs in the first quarter of 2022, an increase of 1,556 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 23,544 jobs, a decrease of 2,435 jobs from the previous quarter.

 
Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 10 of the 11 industry sectors in Missouri in the first quarter of 2022. Retail trade had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 7,327 jobs. This was the result of 19,926 gross job gains and 12,599 gross job losses. The leisure and hospitality industry had the second largest over-the-quarter net job gain with 5,578 jobs, followed by manufacturing with 4,938 jobs. Transportation and warehousing showed a net loss of 2,495 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Second Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, January 25, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Missouri, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	148,305	141,704	156,150	174,351	154,875	6.4	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5
At expanding establishments	122,055	115,623	125,922	138,505	127,243	5.3	5.0	5.4	5.9	5.3
At opening establishments	26,250	26,081	30,228	35,846	27,632	1.1	1.1	1.3	1.5	1.2
Gross job losses	120,443	143,625	140,849	131,101	130,222	5.2	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4
At contracting establishments	100,259	119,507	111,202	105,122	106,678	4.3	5.1	4.8	4.4	4.4
At closing establishments	20,184	24,118	29,647	25,979	23,544	0.9	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	27,862	-1,921	15,301	43,250	24,653	1.2	0.0	0.6	1.9	1.1
Construction
Gross job gains	12,352	12,032	11,902	13,320	12,168	9.4	9.1	9.0	9.9	8.7
At expanding establishments	9,512	9,952	9,280	10,800	9,477	7.2	7.5	7.0	8.0	6.8
At opening establishments	2,840	2,080	2,622	2,520	2,691	2.2	1.6	2.0	1.9	1.9
Gross job losses	10,020	10,581	11,791	9,143	10,836	7.7	8.0	9.0	6.8	7.8
At contracting establishments	8,240	8,364	9,340	7,249	8,674	6.3	6.3	7.1	5.4	6.2
At closing establishments	1,780	2,217	2,451	1,894	2,162	1.4	1.7	1.9	1.4	1.6
Net employment change (2)	2,332	1,451	111	4,177	1,332	1.7	1.1	0.0	3.1	0.9
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	7,863	8,512	9,578	11,501	11,131	2.9	3.1	3.5	4.3	4.0
At expanding establishments	7,393	7,666	8,779	10,243	10,489	2.7	2.8	3.2	3.8	3.8
At opening establishments	470	846	799	1,258	642	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2
Gross job losses	7,838	10,346	7,375	9,881	6,148	2.9	3.9	2.7	3.6	2.2
At contracting establishments	7,113	9,365	6,559	9,057	5,555	2.6	3.5	2.4	3.3	2.0
At closing establishments	725	981	816	824	593	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2
Net employment change (2)	25	-1,834	2,203	1,620	4,983	0.0	-0.8	0.8	0.7	1.8
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	5,312	5,325	6,047	7,777	6,027	4.4	4.4	5.0	6.3	4.9
At expanding establishments	4,568	4,518	5,109	6,284	5,071	3.8	3.7	4.2	5.1	4.1
At opening establishments	744	807	938	1,493	956	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.2	0.8
Gross job losses	4,505	5,291	5,297	4,494	4,938	3.8	4.4	4.4	3.7	3.9
At contracting establishments	3,721	4,261	3,734	3,506	3,900	3.1	3.5	3.1	2.9	3.1
At closing establishments	784	1,030	1,563	988	1,038	0.7	0.9	1.3	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	807	34	750	3,283	1,089	0.6	0.0	0.6	2.6	1.0
Retail trade
Gross job gains	18,765	17,130	17,788	17,845	19,926	6.2	5.7	5.9	5.9	6.6
At expanding establishments	16,575	14,807	15,714	15,378	18,185	5.5	4.9	5.2	5.1	6.0
At opening establishments	2,190	2,323	2,074	2,467	1,741	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6
Gross job losses	13,680	20,583	18,745	17,470	12,599	4.6	6.7	6.2	5.8	4.1
At contracting establishments	12,295	18,914	16,729	15,582	11,032	4.1	6.2	5.5	5.2	3.6
At closing establishments	1,385	1,669	2,016	1,888	1,567	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5
Net employment change (2)	5,085	-3,453	-957	375	7,327	1.6	-1.0	-0.3	0.1	2.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	8,783	6,424	6,928	13,340	6,250	8.6	6.3	6.8	12.3	5.6
At expanding establishments	7,888	5,038	5,500	11,475	5,463	7.7	4.9	5.4	10.6	4.9
At opening establishments	895	1,386	1,428	1,865	787	0.9	1.4	1.4	1.7	0.7
Gross job losses	7,767	7,355	5,836	3,958	8,745	7.6	7.2	5.7	3.7	7.9
At contracting establishments	7,061	6,424	5,058	3,406	8,084	6.9	6.3	4.9	3.2	7.3
At closing establishments	706	931	778	552	661	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.5	0.6
Net employment change (2)	1,016	-931	1,092	9,382	-2,495	1.0	-0.9	1.1	8.6	-2.3
Information
Gross job gains	2,184	2,112	2,795	2,899	2,640	4.9	4.7	6.2	6.4	5.6
At expanding establishments	1,574	1,577	2,124	1,942	1,932	3.5	3.5	4.7	4.3	4.1
At opening establishments	610	535	671	957	708	1.4	1.2	1.5	2.1	1.5
Gross job losses	1,876	2,342	2,411	2,463	1,802	4.2	5.2	5.3	5.4	3.8
At contracting establishments	1,439	1,995	1,698	1,982	1,363	3.2	4.4	3.7	4.3	2.9
At closing establishments	437	347	713	481	439	1.0	0.8	1.6	1.1	0.9
Net employment change (2)	308	-230	384	436	838	0.7	-0.5	0.9	1.0	1.8
Financial activities
Gross job gains	8,327	7,579	8,876	10,941	11,339	5.0	4.6	5.3	6.4	6.6
At expanding establishments	6,848	5,980	6,569	8,386	8,732	4.1	3.6	3.9	4.9	5.1
At opening establishments	1,479	1,599	2,307	2,555	2,607	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.5	1.5
Gross job losses	7,467	8,116	8,252	8,390	9,288	4.4	4.8	4.9	4.9	5.4
At contracting establishments	5,916	6,453	5,917	6,815	7,402	3.5	3.8	3.5	4.0	4.3
At closing establishments	1,551	1,663	2,335	1,575	1,886	0.9	1.0	1.4	0.9	1.1
Net employment change (2)	860	-537	624	2,551	2,051	0.6	-0.2	0.4	1.5	1.2
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	23,847	24,423	29,335	30,273	27,220	6.4	6.6	7.9	8.0	7.2
At expanding establishments	19,086	19,505	23,313	22,994	22,173	5.1	5.3	6.3	6.1	5.9
At opening establishments	4,761	4,918	6,022	7,279	5,047	1.3	1.3	1.6	1.9	1.3
Gross job losses	23,817	26,443	26,453	22,690	25,945	6.4	7.2	7.1	6.0	6.9
At contracting establishments	19,667	22,014	20,363	17,787	20,785	5.3	6.0	5.5	4.7	5.5
At closing establishments	4,150	4,429	6,090	4,903	5,160	1.1	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.4
Net employment change (2)	30	-2,020	2,882	7,583	1,275	0.0	-0.6	0.8	2.0	0.3
Education and health services
Gross job gains	22,414	20,923	22,866	25,067	23,457	5.0	4.7	5.2	5.6	5.2
At expanding establishments	16,338	15,271	15,911	16,992	16,969	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.8
At opening establishments	6,076	5,652	6,955	8,075	6,488	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.8	1.4
Gross job losses	20,952	23,220	23,620	23,354	21,379	4.6	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.7
At contracting establishments	15,924	16,941	16,314	14,814	15,356	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.4
At closing establishments	5,028	6,279	7,306	8,540	6,023	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.9	1.3
Net employment change (2)	1,462	-2,297	-754	1,713	2,078	0.4	-0.5	0.0	0.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	31,236	29,721	32,315	32,453	27,090	12.0	11.0	11.6	11.3	9.2
At expanding establishments	26,610	25,223	27,630	27,179	22,711	10.2	9.3	9.9	9.5	7.7
At opening establishments	4,626	4,498	4,685	5,274	4,379	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.5
Gross job losses	15,859	22,443	24,280	22,695	21,512	6.1	8.3	8.7	7.9	7.3
At contracting establishments	13,488	19,241	20,499	19,586	18,961	5.2	7.1	7.3	6.8	6.4
At closing establishments	2,371	3,202	3,781	3,109	2,551	0.9	1.2	1.4	1.1	0.9
Net employment change (2)	15,377	7,278	8,035	9,758	5,578	5.9	2.7	2.9	3.4	1.9
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	5,241	5,671	5,905	6,172	5,865	7.7	8.3	8.6	8.9	8.3
At expanding establishments	3,932	4,487	4,538	4,592	4,584	5.8	6.6	6.6	6.6	6.5
At opening establishments	1,309	1,184	1,367	1,580	1,281	1.9	1.7	2.0	2.3	1.8
Gross job losses	4,687	4,883	5,111	4,988	4,851	6.9	7.2	7.4	7.1	6.8
At contracting establishments	3,648	3,866	3,559	4,009	3,698	5.4	5.7	5.2	5.7	5.2
At closing establishments	1,039	1,017	1,552	979	1,153	1.5	1.5	2.2	1.4	1.6
Net employment change (2)	554	788	794	1,184	1,014	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.8	1.5
(1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022
United States(1)	7.0	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	5.5	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4
Alabama	6.7	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	5.8	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0
Alaska	11.1	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	9.4	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3
Arizona	6.5	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	5.4	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7
Arkansas	6.3	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.1	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4
California	7.8	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	5.9	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6
Colorado	8.6	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	5.5	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3
Connecticut	6.5	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3
Delaware	7.0	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.2	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6
District of Columbia	5.5	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	5.4	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9
Florida	7.0	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	5.8	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7
Georgia	6.8	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7
Hawaii	8.7	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.7	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1
Idaho	8.2	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2
Illinois	7.3	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.1	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0
Indiana	6.2	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.0	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8
Iowa	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.5	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3
Kansas	6.3	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	5.7	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4
Kentucky	7.4	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	5.4	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0
Louisiana	6.8	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1
Maine	8.9	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	6.4	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1
Maryland	6.7	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	5.6	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9
Massachusetts	6.7	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	5.0	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1
Michigan	8.6	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	4.8	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1
Minnesota	9.4	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	4.8	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4
Mississippi	5.7	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0
Missouri	6.4	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	5.2	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4
Montana	8.9	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5
Nebraska	6.6	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	5.8	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9
Nevada	7.5	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	5.7	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2
New Hampshire	7.5	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	5.4	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4
New Jersey	7.2	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	5.9	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5
New Mexico	8.7	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2
New York	7.0	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	5.4	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2
North Carolina	6.9	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3
North Dakota	8.3	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.7	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5
Ohio	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8
Oklahoma	6.2	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7
Oregon	8.7	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7
Pennsylvania	6.7	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	4.7	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9
Rhode Island	9.9	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	5.6	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7
South Carolina	6.4	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.0	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2
South Dakota	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1
Tennessee	5.8	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	5.2	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7
Texas	6.1	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	5.1	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4
Utah	7.3	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	5.7	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9
Vermont	8.4	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	6.2	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3
Virginia	6.2	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	5.4	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8
Washington	8.0	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0
West Virginia	7.4	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	5.9	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9
Wisconsin	6.0	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	4.7	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8
Wyoming	9.3	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.2	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3
Puerto Rico	6.8	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9
Virgin Islands	7.4	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	10.6	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3
(1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.