Prices in the New York-Newark-Jersey City area, as measured by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), decreased 0.2 percent in October, following a 0.4-percent increase in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Chief Regional Economist Martin Kohli noted that lower prices for apparel, shelter, and energy factored into the downturn. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, month-to-month changes may reflect the impact of seasonal influences.)

Over the year, the CPI-U rose 1.7 percent. (See chart 1 and table A.) The index for all items less food and energy increased 2.0 percent. Price increases for shelter drove the 12-month change in both indexes. (See table 1.)

Food

The food index increased 0.5 percent in October, after ticking down 0.1 percent in September. Prices for food away from home advanced 1.0 percent, in contrast to prices for food at home which were flat. Among the six major grocery groups, four had higher prices, but these increases were offset by lower prices for dairy and related products and for nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials.

Over the year, the food index rose 3.7 percent. Away-from-home food prices advanced 4.8 percent, and at-home food prices rose 2.9 percent.

Energy

The energy index declined 1.8 percent in October, after edging up 0.2 percent in September. Household energy prices decreased 2.5 percent, led by a 3.9-percent fall in electricity prices which are typically down this time of year. Prices for natural gas decreased 0.9 percent. Gasoline prices declined 0.7 percent.

For the year ended in October 2020, energy prices decreased 7.4 percent, primarily due to a 16.1-percent drop in gasoline prices. Household energy prices declined 1.5 percent. In contrast, electricity prices rose 4.4 percent.

All items less food and energy

The index for all items less food and energy inched down 0.1 percent in October, following a 0.5-percent advance in September. Apparel, with a seasonal reduction in prices (-5.5 percent), and shelter (-0.4 percent) pulled the index down, but these declines were tempered by a 1.9-percent increase in recreation prices, as well as higher prices for airline fares.

From October 2019 to October 2020, the index for all items less food and energy increased 2.0 percent. A 1.6-percent increase in shelter prices included a 1.9-percent rise in owners’ equivalent rent and a 1.7-percent increase in residential rent. Recreation prices rose 5.5 percent, and medical care prices increased 3.3 percent. Apparel prices, on the other hand, were down 4.0 percent.

Table A. New York-Newark-Jersey City CPI-U 1-month and 12-month percent changes (not seasonally adjusted)

Month	2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020
	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month	1-month	12-month
January	0.1	-0.5	0.2	0.8	0.6	2.5	0.4	1.4	0.5	1.6	0.8	2.5
February	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.6	0.3	2.6	0.5	1.7	0.2	1.3	0.2	2.4
March	0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.7	0.0	2.3	0.0	1.7	0.3	1.6	-0.2	2.0
April	0.1	0.0	0.4	1.0	0.1	2.0	0.3	1.9	0.3	1.6	-0.5	1.1
May	0.4	-0.1	0.3	0.9	0.1	1.8	0.4	2.2	0.2	1.5	0.5	1.4
June	0.2	0.1	0.2(R)	0.9(R)	0.2	1.8	0.1	2.0	0.3	1.7	0.1	1.3
July	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	1.0	-0.2	1.6	0.0	2.2	0.0	1.7	0.5	1.7
August	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.1	0.2	1.7	0.1	2.2	0.2	1.8	-0.1	1.4
September	0.2	0.3	0.2	1.0	0.5	2.1	0.4	2.0	0.0	1.4	0.4	1.9
October	-0.1	0.4	0.1	1.2	-0.2	1.8	-0.1	2.0	0.0	1.5	-0.2	1.7
November	-0.2	0.6	0.2	1.6	-0.1	1.6	-0.2	1.9	0.1	1.8
December	-0.4	0.7	0.1	2.1	0.1	1.6	-0.2	1.6	0.1	2.2
Footnotes: (R) = revised.

CPI-W

In October, the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) was 278.297, down 0.2 percent over the month. The CPI-W rose 1.8 percent over the year.

The November 2020 Consumer Price Index for New York-Newark-Jersey City is scheduled to be released on Thursday, December 10, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 93 percent of the total U.S. population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers approximately 29 percent of the total U.S. population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 75 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 22,000 retail establishments—department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date (1982-84) that equals 100.0. An increase of 16.5 percent, for example, is shown as 116.5. This change can also be expressed in dollars as follows: the price of a base period "market basket" of goods and services in the CPI has risen from $10 in 1982-84 to $11.65. For further details see the CPI home page on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 17, The Consumer Price Index, available on the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch17.pdf.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Core Based Statistical Area includes Bronx, Dutchess, Kings, Nassau, New York, Orange, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk, and Westchester Counties in New York; Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, and Union Counties in New Jersey; and Pike County in Pennsylvania.

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