From September 2012 to December 2012 gross job gains in New York totaled 464,448, while gross job losses numbered 440,946, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Martin Kohli, the Bureau’s chief regional economist, noted that gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 23,502. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 14,984.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business units from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing units and the addition of new jobs at opening units. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing units and the loss of jobs at closing units. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

The number of gross job gains in December increased for the quarter, rising from 461,510 jobs in September 2012. New York’s employment gains have remained above 460,000 in each quarter of 2012. In New York, gross job gains have remained above gross job losses since June 2010. Job losses peaked in March 2009, when more than 510,642 jobs were lost within a three month period. (See chart 1.)

Gross job gains represented 6.4 percent of private sector employment in New York in the quarter ended December 2012, matching the national rate. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in New York has been above or equal to the U.S. rate, in each 2012 quarter.

During the fourth quarter 2012, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in six industry sectors in New York. For example, within professional and business services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 7,917. More than 81,000 jobs were gained at opening and expanding establishments in the industry, while close to 74,000 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the 3 months ended in December 2012. In construction, approximately 44,700 jobs were gained at opening and expanding establishments while less than 38,000 jobs were lost to closing and contracting establishments.

In contrast, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in five industry sectors. Within education and health services, gross job losses (68,986) exceeded gross job gains (66,117). Gross job losses in manufacturing also exceeded gross job gains by more than 2,000.

For More Information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request: voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 800-877-8339.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment this period.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, New York, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment
	(3 months ended)					(3 months ended)
	Dec. 2011	Mar. 2012	Jun. 2012	Sep. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Mar. 2012	Jun. 2012	Sep. 2012	Dec. 2012
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	438,220	467,340	468,789	461,510	464,448	6.1	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.4
At expanding establishments	349,897	383,085	373,735	363,359	367,508	4.9	5.4	5.2	5.0	5.1
At opening establishments	88,323	84,255	95,054	98,151	96,940	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.3
Gross job losses	427,473	403,623	434,900	446,526	440,946	6.0	5.7	6.0	6.2	6.1
At contracting establishments	334,189	320,405	339,986	354,855	345,893	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.9	4.8
At closing establishments	93,284	83,218	94,914	91,671	95,053	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3
Net employment change	10,747	63,717	33,889	14,984	23,502	0.1	0.9	0.5	0.2	0.3
Construction
Gross job gains	38,510	44,893	37,156	37,659	44,746	12.4	14.3	11.8	12.1	14.3
At expanding establishments	29,847	36,821	29,511	29,601	35,467	9.6	11.7	9.4	9.5	11.3
At opening establishments	8,663	8,072	7,645	8,058	9,279	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.6	3.0
Gross job losses	41,295	37,619	42,534	41,407	37,861	13.3	12.0	13.5	13.4	12.1
At contracting establishments	31,751	28,569	32,502	31,921	28,526	10.2	9.1	10.3	10.3	9.1
At closing establishments	9,544	9,050	10,032	9,486	9,335	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.1	3.0
Net employment change	-2,785	7,274	-5,378	-3,748	6,885	-0.9	2.3	-1.7	-1.3	2.2
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	18,120	17,095	18,060	17,355	16,780	4.0	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.7
At expanding establishments	15,840	15,236	16,368	14,884	14,905	3.5	3.3	3.6	3.3	3.3
At opening establishments	2,280	1,859	1,692	2,471	1,875	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gross job losses	18,157	18,176	17,994	19,099	19,409	3.9	3.9	3.9	4.2	4.2
At contracting establishments	15,665	15,674	14,643	16,424	16,000	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.5
At closing establishments	2,492	2,502	3,351	2,675	3,409	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.7
Net employment change	-37	-1,081	66	-1,744	-2,629	0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.4	-0.5
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	15,435	16,269	16,040	14,661	15,661	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.3	4.7
At expanding establishments	12,847	14,085	13,864	12,184	12,799	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.6	3.8
At opening establishments	2,588	2,184	2,176	2,477	2,862	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	15,645	15,692	15,911	16,569	15,087	4.7	4.8	4.8	5.0	4.6
At contracting establishments	11,010	11,849	11,549	12,655	11,565	3.3	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.5
At closing establishments	4,635	3,843	4,362	3,914	3,522	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1
Net employment change	-210	577	129	-1,908	574	0.0	0.1	0.0	-0.7	0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains	58,249	57,024	59,978	57,804	59,563	6.5	6.3	6.5	6.2	6.5
At expanding establishments	50,057	50,335	51,604	48,186	50,375	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.2	5.5
At opening establishments	8,192	6,689	8,374	9,618	9,188	0.9	0.7	0.9	1.0	1.0
Gross job losses	53,797	54,604	55,606	58,642	60,834	5.9	6.1	6.0	6.4	6.7
At contracting establishments	44,465	46,787	46,982	49,823	50,117	4.9	5.2	5.1	5.4	5.5
At closing establishments	9,332	7,817	8,624	8,819	10,717	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.2
Net employment change	4,452	2,420	4,372	-838	-1,271	0.6	0.2	0.5	-0.2	-0.2
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	13,508	11,273	12,736	11,360	15,743	6.0	5.0	5.7	5.1	6.9
At expanding establishments	11,432	9,956	11,020	9,894	13,935	5.1	4.4	4.9	4.4	6.1
At opening establishments	2,076	1,317	1,716	1,466	1,808	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	11,678	13,281	12,274	11,683	13,160	5.2	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.8
At contracting establishments	9,230	11,483	8,946	9,406	10,222	4.1	5.1	4.0	4.2	4.5
At closing establishments	2,448	1,798	3,328	2,277	2,938	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.0	1.3
Net employment change	1,830	-2,008	462	-323	2,583	0.8	-0.9	0.2	-0.1	1.1
Information
Gross job gains	10,809	10,118	13,422	11,749	11,968	4.2	3.9	5.2	4.5	4.7
At expanding establishments	8,708	8,702	11,083	9,979	9,461	3.4	3.4	4.3	3.8	3.7
At opening establishments	2,101	1,416	2,339	1,770	2,507	0.8	0.5	0.9	0.7	1.0
Gross job losses	12,618	9,861	9,370	13,358	11,378	4.9	3.8	3.6	5.1	4.4
At contracting establishments	9,826	8,195	7,564	10,023	9,161	3.8	3.2	2.9	3.8	3.5
At closing establishments	2,792	1,666	1,806	3,335	2,217	1.1	0.6	0.7	1.3	0.9
Net employment change	-1,809	257	4,052	-1,609	590	-0.7	0.1	1.6	-0.6	0.3
Financial activities
Gross job gains	27,699	27,874	29,126	26,503	31,412	4.1	4.1	4.3	4.0	4.6
At expanding establishments	22,612	24,292	24,953	22,114	24,498	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.6
At opening establishments	5,087	3,582	4,173	4,389	6,914	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.7	1.0
Gross job losses	29,977	28,329	30,323	30,673	29,009	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.3
At contracting establishments	22,994	21,913	22,566	24,624	22,006	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.7	3.3
At closing establishments	6,983	6,416	7,757	6,049	7,003	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0
Net employment change	-2,278	-455	-1,197	-4,170	2,403	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.6	0.3
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	75,040	73,483	80,760	79,745	81,672	6.6	6.4	6.9	6.8	6.9
At expanding establishments	60,326	62,162	66,585	65,601	65,403	5.3	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.5
At opening establishments	14,714	11,321	14,175	14,144	16,269	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.4
Gross job losses	78,253	69,171	70,775	74,674	73,755	6.8	6.0	6.1	6.3	6.2
At contracting establishments	58,595	53,984	52,223	56,613	57,825	5.1	4.7	4.5	4.8	4.9
At closing establishments	19,658	15,187	18,552	18,061	15,930	1.7	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3
Net employment change	-3,213	4,312	9,985	5,071	7,917	-0.2	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.7
Education and health services
Gross job gains	64,231	75,495	67,096	74,641	66,117	3.9	4.7	4.2	4.6	4.0
At expanding establishments	57,079	67,700	59,517	65,176	58,174	3.5	4.2	3.7	4.0	3.5
At opening establishments	7,152	7,795	7,579	9,465	7,943	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gross job losses	60,254	60,899	72,157	63,470	68,986	3.8	3.7	4.5	3.9	4.2
At contracting establishments	51,041	49,337	61,096	54,359	57,844	3.2	3.0	3.8	3.3	3.5
At closing establishments	9,213	11,562	11,061	9,111	11,142	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7
Net employment change	3,977	14,596	-5,061	11,171	-2,869	0.1	1.0	-0.3	0.7	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	78,230	84,343	81,648	81,113	78,132	10.1	10.7	10.2	10.1	9.6
At expanding establishments	59,647	67,196	62,996	61,454	58,366	7.7	8.5	7.9	7.7	7.2
At opening establishments	18,583	17,147	18,652	19,659	19,766	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.4
Gross job losses	74,662	66,344	75,182	83,542	79,774	9.6	8.4	9.4	10.4	9.8
At contracting establishments	57,312	52,316	58,366	65,087	60,194	7.4	6.6	7.3	8.1	7.4
At closing establishments	17,350	14,028	16,816	18,455	19,580	2.2	1.8	2.1	2.3	2.4
Net employment change	3,568	17,999	6,466	-2,429	-1,642	0.5	2.3	0.8	-0.3	-0.2
Other services (2)
Gross job gains	20,219	22,836	23,521	21,809	21,012	6.6	7.4	7.6	7.1	6.7
At expanding establishments	15,816	18,734	19,356	17,903	16,893	5.2	6.1	6.3	5.8	5.4
At opening establishments	4,403	4,102	4,165	3,906	4,119	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Gross job losses	21,602	20,915	21,591	22,614	22,007	7.1	6.9	7.0	7.2	7.0
At contracting establishments	16,482	15,536	16,315	17,567	16,954	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.6	5.4
At closing establishments	5,120	5,379	5,276	5,047	5,053	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.6
Net employment change	-1,383	1,921	1,930	-805	-995	-0.5	0.5	0.6	-0.1	-0.3
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

State	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Dec. 2011	Mar. 2012	June 2012	Sept. 2012	Dec. 2012	Dec. 2011	Mar. 2012	June 2012	Sept. 2012	Dec. 2012
United States(1)	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.0	5.6	5.8	6.0	5.8
Alabama	5.9	6.3	5.8	5.6	5.7	6.0	5.5	5.6	5.6	5.4
Alaska	9.6	10.8	11.1	9.0	9.5	10.7	8.9	9.4	10.2	10.1
Arizona	6.9	6.3	6.3	6.5	6.8	6.2	6.0	6.1	5.8	5.8
Arkansas	6.5	5.6	5.3	5.4	5.9	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.9	5.2
California	7.2	6.9	7.2	6.7	7.2	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.3	6.2
Colorado	6.9	6.7	7.3	6.9	7.0	6.6	6.2	6.3	6.5	6.2
Connecticut	5.3	5.6	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.0	5.0	5.3	5.1
Delaware	6.4	6.4	6.3	6.3	6.8	6.2	5.9	6.6	6.5	5.7
District of Columbia	5.8	6.4	5.8	5.7	6.5	5.4	4.4	5.6	6.0	5.4
Florida	7.1	6.7	6.8	7.1	7.1	6.7	5.9	6.3	6.6	6.2
Georgia	6.5	7.0	6.7	6.4	6.7	6.4	6.0	6.4	6.3	5.9
Hawaii	5.4	5.2	5.5	5.4	5.3	4.6	5.3	5.2	5.0	4.4
Idaho	7.4	7.7	8.0	8.1	7.9	7.6	7.7	7.5	7.0	7.2
Illinois	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.4	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.2
Indiana	6.1	6.2	5.8	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.0	5.4	5.6	5.4
Iowa	5.9	6.2	5.8	5.6	5.7	5.7	5.1	5.2	5.6	5.4
Kansas	6.1	6.8	5.9	5.9	6.3	5.8	5.3	5.7	6.2	5.4
Kentucky	6.1	6.4	6.1	5.9	6.3	5.7	5.6	5.5	5.7	5.6
Louisiana	6.7	7.1	6.6	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.7	5.9
Maine	6.8	7.2	7.9	6.6	7.0	7.3	7.1	6.8	7.2	7.6
Maryland	6.5	6.7	6.3	6.5	6.3	6.1	5.8	6.1	6.4	6.2
Massachusetts	5.4	5.6	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.5	5.0	4.9	5.6	5.3
Michigan	6.1	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.0	6.0	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.4
Minnesota	5.5	6.8	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.8	5.8
Mississippi	6.3	6.5	5.8	6.2	6.7	6.1	5.6	6.6	6.0	6.1
Missouri	6.2	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.4	5.9	5.5	6.4	5.9	5.6
Montana	8.4	8.0	8.3	7.9	8.3	7.8	7.6	7.7	7.3	7.7
Nebraska	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.7	6.0	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.6	5.2
Nevada	6.0	6.0	6.5	5.9	6.0	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.7	5.7
New Hampshire	6.9	6.7	7.1	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.1	6.4	6.8	6.4
New Jersey	6.5	6.4	6.7	6.2	6.4	6.3	5.9	5.9	6.3	6.0
New Mexico	6.4	6.9	6.8	6.4	7.1	6.8	5.9	6.9	6.5	5.9
New York	6.1	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.0	5.7	6.0	6.2	6.1
North Carolina	6.5	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.4	6.0	5.6	6.0	6.0	5.9
North Dakota	10.0	10.3	7.8	8.5	8.3	6.2	6.0	6.4	7.6	6.8
Ohio	6.0	6.0	5.9	5.5	6.0	5.6	5.2	5.3	5.9	5.6
Oklahoma	6.4	6.3	6.1	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.7	5.5	6.2	5.5
Oregon	6.9	6.9	6.9	7.1	6.9	6.8	6.4	6.6	6.3	6.6
Pennsylvania	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.4	5.4	5.0
Rhode Island	6.2	6.7	6.4	6.0	6.2	6.4	5.6	5.9	6.3	6.0
South Carolina	6.2	6.2	6.1	5.9	6.5	5.6	5.4	5.9	5.9	5.4
South Dakota	6.6	6.6	6.8	6.4	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.4	6.2	6.1
Tennessee	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.6	6.2	5.3	5.1	5.7	5.5	5.1
Texas	6.0	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.1	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.3	5.0
Utah	7.2	7.1	7.2	7.0	7.3	6.3	6.0	6.0	6.1	6.0
Vermont	8.3	7.2	7.4	6.9	7.4	6.8	7.0	7.4	7.1	7.1
Virginia	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.5	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.8	6.2	5.6
Washington	7.2	6.8	7.4	6.9	7.1	7.1	6.3	6.4	6.5	6.5
West Virginia	6.8	7.2	6.3	6.2	6.3	5.8	6.1	7.0	6.6	6.5
Wisconsin	5.6	5.9	5.8	5.3	5.7	5.7	5.3	5.3	5.5	5.3
Wyoming	9.4	8.5	8.1	8.4	9.5	8.2	8.6	9.0	8.5	8.2
Puerto Rico	6.7	6.0	6.6	6.1	6.9	5.7	6.0	5.7	6.3	5.8
Virgin Islands	6.3	5.1	5.9	5.0	6.6	6.1	6.5	13.7	7.7	5.6
Footnotes: (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.