Prices in the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land area, as measured by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), advanced 1.3 percent for the two months ending in April 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Michael Hirniak noted that the all items less food and energy index increased 1.5 percent in March and April, mainly due to increased costs for shelter. The food index rose 1.6 percent, while the energy index fell 1.7 percent over the past two months. (Data in this report are not seasonally adjusted. Accordingly, bi-monthly changes may reflect seasonal influences.)

Over the last 12 months, the CPI-U advanced 4.0 percent. The index for all items less food and energy rose 5.3 percent, and food prices increased 9.8 percent over the year. Energy prices declined 16.8 percent, with all components contributing to the decline. (See chart 1 and table 1.)

  

View Chart Data

Chart 1. Over-the-year percent change in CPI-U, Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX, April 2020–April 2023

Month	All items	All items less food and energy
Apr 2020	-1.3	0.2
Jun 2020	-0.2	0.8
Aug 2020	-0.2	0.3
Oct 2020	-0.1	0.3
Dec 2020	0.7	0.7
Feb 2021	1.0	0.0
Apr 2021	4.5	2.8
Jun 2021	4.6	3.1
Aug 2021	5.3	3.5
Oct 2021	6.1	3.7
Dec 2021	6.6	4.9
Feb 2022	7.8	6.5
Apr 2022	8.5	6.9
Jun 2022	10.2	6.0
Aug 2022	9.5	7.0
Oct 2022	7.6	6.9
Dec 2022	5.3	5.2
Feb 2023	5.2	5.4
Apr 2023	4.0	5.3

Food prices rose 1.6 percent for the two months ending in April. Prices for food at home (grocery store prices) rose 2.1 percent, and prices for food away from home (restaurant, cafeteria, and vending purchases) advanced 0.8 percent for the same period. The increase in the food at home index was mainly due to a rise in the price for cereals and bakery products (+6.6 percent) but all six major grocery store food group indexes also contributed to the rise.

Over the year, food prices advanced 9.8 percent. Prices for food at home rose 11.5 percent since a year ago, with all six major grocery store food group indexes contributing to the rise. The other food at home index (sugar, sweets, fats, and oils, for example) contributed most to the over-the-year increase at 12.7 percent, followed by cereals and bakery products (+21.2 percent). Prices for food away from home advanced 7.7 percent over the same period.

The energy index declined 1.7 percent in March and April. The decrease was entirely due to lower prices for electricity (-16.3 percent). An increase in prices paid for gasoline (+8.6 percent) offset much of the decline. Prices for natural gas service (+1.0 percent) also rose over the same period.

From April 2022 to April 2023, energy prices decreased 16.8 percent, largely due to lower prices for gasoline (-14.5 percent) and electricity (-23.0 percent). Prices paid for natural gas service also fell 0.9 percent over the year.

The index for all items less food and energy advanced 1.5 percent in the latest two-month period, after rising 2.1 percent in the previous period. Among the components contributing most to the rise were owners’ equivalent rent of residences (+1.0 percent), household furnishings and operations (+4.8 percent), and used cars and trucks (+5.4 percent). These increases were partially offset by lower prices for recreation (-1.4 percent), apparel (-2.6 percent), and medical care services.

Over the year, the index for all items less food and energy rose 5.3 percent. Components contributing to the increase included owners’ equivalent rent of residences (+10.0 percent), rent of primary residence (+9.1 percent), and new vehicles (+4.9 percent). The other goods and services index increased 10.2 percent over the year, the largest since February 1993. Price declines in used cars and trucks (-6.0 percent) and public transportation partly offset the increase.

The June 2023 Consumer Price Index for the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land area is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 12, 2023.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change in prices over time in a fixed market basket of goods and services. The Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes CPIs for two population groups: (1) a CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers approximately 93 percent of the total U.S. population and (2) a CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which covers approximately 29 percent of the total U.S. population. The CPI-U includes, in addition to wage earners and clerical workers, groups such as professional, managerial, and technical workers, the self-employed, short-term workers, the unemployed, and retirees and others not in the labor force.

The CPI is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, and fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors' and dentists' services, drugs, and the other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Each month, prices are collected in 75 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 22,000 retail establishments—department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments. All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index.

The index measures price changes from a designated reference date; for most of the CPI-U the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000.  Alternatively, that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services rising from $100 to $107. For further details see the CPI home page on the internet at www.bls.gov/cpi and the CPI section of the BLS Handbook of Methods available on the internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/cpi/.

In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights that represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. Because the sample size of a local area is smaller, the local area index is subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error than the national index. In addition, local indexes are not adjusted for seasonal influences. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are quite similar. NOTE: Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices between cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period.

The Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas, Core Based Statistical Area includes the counties of Austin, Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.