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19-1583-SAN
Wednesday, September 04, 2019
From September 2018 to December 2018, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Arizona totaled 154,603, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments numbered 125,642, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Richard Holden, the Bureau’s Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations, noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 28,961. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 37,428.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)
Arizona’s number of gross job gains decreased by 5,030 during the fourth quarter of 2018, following an increase of 14,775 in the previous quarter. Gross job losses rose by 3,437 in the fourth quarter of 2018, after decreasing by 20,279 in the previous quarter. The net gain of 28,961 jobs in the fourth quarter of 2018 marked the 19th consecutive quarter of net employment gains in Arizona. (See chart 1.)
Gross job gains represented 6.2 percent of private-sector employment in Arizona in the fourth quarter of 2018, while gross job losses accounted for 5.1 percent of employment. Nationally, gross job gains and gross job losses accounted for 6.1 and 5.6 percent of private-sector employment, respectively. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in Arizona has been above the U.S. rate the past 2 quarters, while the gross job loss rate has been below the national average for the past 2 quarters.
During the fourth quarter of 2018, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 10 of the 11 industry sectors in Arizona. For example, within professional and business services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 6,907. While 33,027 jobs were gained in opening and expanding establishments in the industry, 26,120 jobs were lost by closing and contracting establishments in the fourth quarter of 2018. In construction, 14,257 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments, while 9,542 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments. (See table 1.)
In contrast, the other services industry sector had a net employment loss, where gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 246.
Additional statistics and other informationBED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.
The Business Employment Dynamics for the First Quarter 2019 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, October 30, 2019.
The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.
In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.
Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.
The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:
Openings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.
Expansions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.
Closings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.
Contractions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request: voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Category | Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended) | Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2017 | Mar. 2018 | June 2018 | Sept 2018 | Dec. 2018 | Dec. 2017 | Mar. 2018 | June 2018 | Sept 2018 | Dec. 2018 | |
Total private (1) | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 149,164 | 143,329 | 144,858 | 159,633 | 154,603 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
At expanding establishments | 120,882 | 117,381 | 115,520 | 132,895 | 126,692 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.1 |
At opening establishments | 28,282 | 25,948 | 29,338 | 26,738 | 27,911 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Gross job losses | 126,322 | 127,123 | 142,484 | 122,205 | 125,642 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
At contracting establishments | 99,917 | 103,480 | 115,530 | 100,915 | 101,064 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
At closing establishments | 26,405 | 23,643 | 26,954 | 21,290 | 24,578 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Net employment change (2) | 22,842 | 16,206 | 2,374 | 37,428 | 28,961 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
Construction | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 13,055 | 13,143 | 12,980 | 12,667 | 14,257 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 8.8 |
At expanding establishments | 11,070 | 11,494 | 10,920 | 10,959 | 12,286 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 7.6 |
At opening establishments | 1,985 | 1,649 | 2,060 | 1,708 | 1,971 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Gross job losses | 9,352 | 10,655 | 11,809 | 10,605 | 9,542 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 5.8 |
At contracting establishments | 7,709 | 8,437 | 9,676 | 9,052 | 7,699 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 4.7 |
At closing establishments | 1,643 | 2,218 | 2,133 | 1,553 | 1,843 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
Net employment change (2) | 3,703 | 2,488 | 1,171 | 2,062 | 4,715 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 3.0 |
Manufacturing | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 6,583 | 6,194 | 6,325 | 6,321 | 6,784 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
At expanding establishments | 5,859 | 5,681 | 5,780 | 5,508 | 6,158 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 |
At opening establishments | 724 | 513 | 545 | 813 | 626 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Gross job losses | 4,756 | 4,638 | 5,537 | 4,839 | 5,183 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
At contracting establishments | 3,872 | 3,891 | 3,913 | 4,120 | 3,938 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
At closing establishments | 884 | 747 | 1,624 | 719 | 1,245 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Net employment change (2) | 1,827 | 1,556 | 788 | 1,482 | 1,601 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Wholesale trade | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 4,314 | 4,505 | 4,828 | 5,984 | 4,491 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 |
At expanding establishments | 3,489 | 3,805 | 4,145 | 4,790 | 3,577 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 3.6 |
At opening establishments | 825 | 700 | 683 | 1,194 | 914 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.9 |
Gross job losses | 4,212 | 3,959 | 4,023 | 4,441 | 4,346 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
At contracting establishments | 3,022 | 2,985 | 2,893 | 3,555 | 3,326 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
At closing establishments | 1,190 | 974 | 1,130 | 886 | 1,020 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Net employment change (2) | 102 | 546 | 805 | 1,543 | 145 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.1 |
Retail trade | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 18,139 | 16,751 | 17,885 | 18,900 | 17,430 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.3 |
At expanding establishments | 16,183 | 15,284 | 15,394 | 16,634 | 15,738 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.8 |
At opening establishments | 1,956 | 1,467 | 2,491 | 2,266 | 1,692 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
Gross job losses | 16,543 | 15,667 | 17,621 | 15,466 | 15,565 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
At contracting establishments | 14,351 | 14,062 | 15,461 | 13,721 | 13,492 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.1 |
At closing establishments | 2,192 | 1,605 | 2,160 | 1,745 | 2,073 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Net employment change (2) | 1,596 | 1,084 | 264 | 3,434 | 1,865 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
Transportation and warehousing | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 5,664 | 3,972 | 5,137 | 5,549 | 7,446 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 7.5 |
At expanding establishments | 4,756 | 3,135 | 4,566 | 4,909 | 5,735 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.8 |
At opening establishments | 908 | 837 | 571 | 640 | 1,711 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.7 |
Gross job losses | 3,237 | 5,150 | 3,851 | 3,848 | 3,019 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.1 |
At contracting establishments | 2,600 | 4,620 | 3,168 | 3,479 | 2,360 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2.4 |
At closing establishments | 637 | 530 | 683 | 369 | 659 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
Net employment change (2) | 2,427 | -1,178 | 1,286 | 1,701 | 4,427 | 2.8 | -1.3 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 4.4 |
Information | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 2,302 | 2,083 | 2,518 | 2,386 | 3,000 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 6.3 |
At expanding establishments | 1,748 | 1,753 | 2,208 | 1,935 | 2,626 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 5.5 |
At opening establishments | 554 | 330 | 310 | 451 | 374 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Gross job losses | 1,688 | 2,295 | 2,734 | 2,537 | 1,967 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.1 |
At contracting establishments | 1,237 | 1,929 | 2,388 | 2,127 | 1,538 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 3.2 |
At closing establishments | 451 | 366 | 346 | 410 | 429 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
Net employment change (2) | 614 | -212 | -216 | -151 | 1,033 | 1.4 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.3 | 2.2 |
Financial activities | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 9,393 | 10,173 | 10,710 | 10,960 | 10,589 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
At expanding establishments | 7,252 | 8,664 | 8,430 | 8,978 | 8,262 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.8 |
At opening establishments | 2,141 | 1,509 | 2,280 | 1,982 | 2,327 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
Gross job losses | 8,907 | 8,724 | 9,267 | 8,930 | 9,836 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 |
At contracting establishments | 6,949 | 6,590 | 7,340 | 7,029 | 7,702 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
At closing establishments | 1,958 | 2,134 | 1,927 | 1,901 | 2,134 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Net employment change (2) | 486 | 1,449 | 1,443 | 2,030 | 753 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Professional and business services | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 31,648 | 25,908 | 28,340 | 32,138 | 33,027 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
At expanding establishments | 26,654 | 21,676 | 23,772 | 27,120 | 27,342 | 6.3 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 6.2 |
At opening establishments | 4,994 | 4,232 | 4,568 | 5,018 | 5,685 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Gross job losses | 23,647 | 26,418 | 30,073 | 24,818 | 26,120 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 6.0 |
At contracting establishments | 18,357 | 21,911 | 23,785 | 20,116 | 20,453 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 4.7 |
At closing establishments | 5,290 | 4,507 | 6,288 | 4,702 | 5,667 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
Net employment change (2) | 8,001 | -510 | -1,733 | 7,320 | 6,907 | 2.0 | -0.2 | -0.4 | 1.7 | 1.5 |
Education and health services | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 18,930 | 17,474 | 18,853 | 23,317 | 18,977 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 4.3 |
At expanding establishments | 15,975 | 14,958 | 14,969 | 20,318 | 15,867 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 3.6 |
At opening establishments | 2,955 | 2,516 | 3,884 | 2,999 | 3,110 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Gross job losses | 15,249 | 15,468 | 18,968 | 14,800 | 14,764 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 |
At contracting establishments | 12,322 | 12,570 | 16,001 | 11,979 | 11,565 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
At closing establishments | 2,927 | 2,898 | 2,967 | 2,821 | 3,199 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
Net employment change (2) | 3,681 | 2,006 | -115 | 8,517 | 4,213 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -0.1 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 22,912 | 24,867 | 21,788 | 26,125 | 23,655 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 7.2 |
At expanding establishments | 17,844 | 19,444 | 17,290 | 21,575 | 19,217 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 5.8 |
At opening establishments | 5,068 | 5,423 | 4,498 | 4,550 | 4,438 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Gross job losses | 22,639 | 20,896 | 23,709 | 21,645 | 22,346 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.8 |
At contracting establishments | 18,561 | 18,002 | 19,571 | 18,226 | 18,169 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
At closing establishments | 4,078 | 2,894 | 4,138 | 3,419 | 4,177 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
Net employment change (2) | 273 | 3,971 | -1,921 | 4,480 | 1,309 | 0.0 | 1.2 | -0.6 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
Other services (3) | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 4,533 | 4,365 | 5,181 | 5,230 | 4,613 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 6.2 |
At expanding establishments | 3,517 | 3,194 | 3,960 | 4,285 | 3,551 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.8 |
At opening establishments | 1,016 | 1,171 | 1,221 | 945 | 1,062 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
Gross job losses | 3,824 | 4,196 | 4,587 | 4,402 | 4,859 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.6 |
At contracting establishments | 2,834 | 3,176 | 3,343 | 3,537 | 3,759 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.1 |
At closing establishments | 990 | 1,020 | 1,244 | 865 | 1,100 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
Net employment change (2) | 709 | 169 | 594 | 828 | -246 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.4 |
Footnotes: |
Category | Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dec. 2017 | Mar. 2018 | June 2018 | Sept. 2018 | Dec. 2018 | Dec. 2017 | Mar. 2018 | June 2018 | Sept. 2018 | Dec. 2018 | |
United States(1) | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.6 |
Alabama | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.3 |
Alaska | 9.7 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 8.9 | 10.9 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 9.7 |
Arizona | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 |
Arkansas | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 4.9 |
California | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 |
Colorado | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 6.0 |
Connecticut | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 4.9 |
Delaware | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 5.7 |
District of Columbia | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 |
Florida | 8.2 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
Georgia | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.7 |
Hawaii | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 |
Idaho | 7.4 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.3 |
Illinois | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.6 |
Indiana | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.9 |
Iowa | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.3 |
Kansas | 5.9 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.4 |
Kentucky | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.5 |
Louisiana | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.7 |
Maine | 7.2 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 6.3 |
Maryland | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 6.4 |
Massachusetts | 5.7 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.3 |
Michigan | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 5.2 |
Minnesota | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.4 |
Mississippi | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.2 |
Missouri | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.4 |
Montana | 8.5 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 9.0 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.2 |
Nebraska | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
Nevada | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.3 |
New Hampshire | 6.7 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 5.7 |
New Jersey | 6.4 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
New Mexico | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.0 |
New York | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 5.7 |
North Carolina | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 5.3 |
North Dakota | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
Ohio | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.2 |
Oklahoma | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 6.0 |
Oregon | 6.8 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
Pennsylvania | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 4.7 |
Rhode Island | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 5.7 |
South Carolina | 7.0 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.4 |
South Dakota | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
Tennessee | 5.9 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 4.9 |
Texas | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
Utah | 7.0 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.1 |
Vermont | 7.4 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.8 |
Virginia | 6.3 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.5 |
Washington | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
West Virginia | 6.3 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
Wisconsin | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 4.9 |
Wyoming | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 7.8 |
Puerto Rico | 7.1 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 11.8 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
Virgin Islands | 9.2 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 28.2 | 16.8 | 8.6 | 6.3 | 7.8 |
Footnotes |
Last Modified Date: Wednesday, September 04, 2019