From June 2020 to September 2020, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Hawaii were 29,478, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 51,061, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 21,583 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2020. During the previous quarter, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 124,188. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2020, gross job gains represented 7.4 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 9.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Hawaii, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 22,801 in the third quarter of 2020, an increase of 10,417 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 6,677 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2020, an increase of 1,979 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2020, gross job losses represented 12.7 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.0 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Hawaii, contracting establishments lost 39,747 jobs in the third quarter of 2020, a decrease of 77,254 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 11,314 jobs, a decrease of 12,955 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in the eight industry sectors in Hawaii in the third quarter of 2020. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 10,368 jobs. This was the result of 6,133 gross job gains and 16,501 gross job losses. Retail trade showed the second largest net loss of 4,776 jobs, followed by professional and business services (-2,268), other services (-1,794), and construction (-1,538).

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2020 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 28, 2021.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Hawaii, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020	Sept 2020	Sept 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020	Sept 2020
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	29,731	30,150	27,999	17,082	29,478	5.6	5.7	5.2	3.6	7.4
At expanding establishments	24,628	22,832	22,959	12,384	22,801	4.6	4.3	4.3	2.6	5.7
At opening establishments	5,103	7,318	5,040	4,698	6,677	1.0	1.4	0.9	1.0	1.7
Gross job losses	27,699	27,912	31,192	141,270	51,061	5.2	5.2	5.8	29.8	12.7
At contracting establishments	21,209	21,292	25,195	117,001	39,747	4.0	4.0	4.7	24.7	9.9
At closing establishments	6,490	6,620	5,997	24,269	11,314	1.2	1.2	1.1	5.1	2.8
Net employment change (2)	2,032	2,238	-3,193	-124,188	-21,583	0.4	0.5	-0.6	-26.2	-5.3
Construction
Gross job gains	2,941	3,103	2,830	2,907	2,592	8.0	8.4	7.6	7.9	7.2
At expanding establishments	2,373	2,626	2,415	2,282	2,224	6.5	7.1	6.5	6.2	6.2
At opening establishments	568	477	415	625	368	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.7	1.0
Gross job losses	3,043	2,852	3,158	3,088	4,130	8.3	7.7	8.6	8.4	11.5
At contracting establishments	2,454	2,247	2,436	2,538	3,440	6.7	6.1	6.6	6.9	9.6
At closing establishments	589	605	722	550	690	1.6	1.6	2.0	1.5	1.9
Net employment change (2)	-102	251	-328	-181	-1,538	-0.3	0.7	-1.0	-0.5	-4.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	661	741	671	403	704	3.6	4.1	3.7	2.3	4.5
At expanding establishments	556	583	545	295	519	3.0	3.2	3.0	1.7	3.3
At opening establishments	105	158	126	108	185	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	1.2
Gross job losses	885	780	745	2,589	1,181	4.8	4.3	4.2	15.3	7.5
At contracting establishments	663	496	568	1,997	895	3.6	2.7	3.2	11.8	5.7
At closing establishments	222	284	177	592	286	1.2	1.6	1.0	3.5	1.8
Net employment change (2)	-224	-39	-74	-2,186	-477	-1.2	-0.2	-0.5	-13.0	-3.0
Retail trade
Gross job gains	3,526	3,535	3,463	2,891	3,895	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.5	6.8
At expanding establishments	3,043	2,946	2,971	2,502	3,362	4.3	4.2	4.2	3.9	5.9
At opening establishments	483	589	492	389	533	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.9
Gross job losses	4,053	4,316	3,746	16,231	8,671	5.7	6.1	5.3	25.1	15.2
At contracting establishments	3,486	3,684	3,040	12,816	6,629	4.9	5.2	4.3	19.8	11.6
At closing establishments	567	632	706	3,415	2,042	0.8	0.9	1.0	5.3	3.6
Net employment change (2)	-527	-781	-283	-13,340	-4,776	-0.7	-1.1	-0.4	-20.6	-8.4
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,356	1,448	1,047	946	1,234	4.6	4.9	3.6	3.4	4.8
At expanding establishments	1,068	1,126	840	661	1,003	3.6	3.8	2.9	2.4	3.9
At opening establishments	288	322	207	285	231	1.0	1.1	0.7	1.0	0.9
Gross job losses	1,578	1,259	1,358	4,282	1,948	5.4	4.3	4.6	15.5	7.6
At contracting establishments	1,091	887	999	3,392	1,314	3.7	3.0	3.4	12.3	5.1
At closing establishments	487	372	359	890	634	1.7	1.3	1.2	3.2	2.5
Net employment change (2)	-222	189	-311	-3,336	-714	-0.8	0.6	-1.0	-12.1	-2.8
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	4,862	4,663	4,207	2,920	4,163	6.6	6.3	5.6	4.2	6.6
At expanding establishments	3,759	3,570	3,448	2,006	3,132	5.1	4.8	4.6	2.9	5.0
At opening establishments	1,103	1,093	759	914	1,031	1.5	1.5	1.0	1.3	1.6
Gross job losses	4,387	4,407	4,694	14,069	6,431	5.9	5.9	6.3	20.4	10.2
At contracting establishments	2,921	3,126	3,804	10,574	4,423	3.9	4.2	5.1	15.3	7.0
At closing establishments	1,466	1,281	890	3,495	2,008	2.0	1.7	1.2	5.1	3.2
Net employment change (2)	475	256	-487	-11,149	-2,268	0.7	0.4	-0.7	-16.2	-3.6
Education and health services
Gross job gains	4,871	3,319	3,660	2,071	4,613	5.6	3.8	4.1	2.4	5.8
At expanding establishments	4,176	2,790	3,024	1,610	3,501	4.8	3.2	3.4	1.9	4.4
At opening establishments	695	529	636	461	1,112	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.5	1.4
Gross job losses	2,833	3,275	3,996	9,160	4,682	3.3	3.7	4.5	10.9	5.9
At contracting establishments	2,309	2,589	3,175	7,635	3,744	2.7	2.9	3.6	9.1	4.7
At closing establishments	524	686	821	1,525	938	0.6	0.8	0.9	1.8	1.2
Net employment change (2)	2,038	44	-336	-7,089	-69	2.3	0.1	-0.4	-8.5	-0.1
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	5,883	6,431	4,774	2,104	6,133	4.6	5.1	3.8	2.3	10.7
At expanding establishments	4,997	5,275	3,605	1,306	4,642	3.9	4.2	2.9	1.4	8.1
At opening establishments	886	1,156	1,169	798	1,491	0.7	0.9	0.9	0.9	2.6
Gross job losses	5,796	5,666	7,655	66,166	16,501	4.5	4.5	6.1	70.7	28.9
At contracting establishments	4,470	4,423	6,561	56,313	14,163	3.5	3.5	5.2	60.2	24.8
At closing establishments	1,326	1,243	1,094	9,853	2,338	1.0	1.0	0.9	10.5	4.1
Net employment change (2)	87	765	-2,881	-64,062	-10,368	0.1	0.6	-2.3	-68.4	-18.2
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	1,342	1,566	1,302	793	1,369	5.0	5.9	5.0	3.4	6.9
At expanding establishments	1,063	1,149	972	515	1,008	4.0	4.3	3.7	2.2	5.1
At opening establishments	279	417	330	278	361	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.8
Gross job losses	1,548	1,670	1,643	6,747	3,163	5.7	6.2	6.2	28.8	16.0
At contracting establishments	1,192	1,050	1,190	5,014	1,970	4.4	3.9	4.5	21.4	10.0
At closing establishments	356	620	453	1,733	1,193	1.3	2.3	1.7	7.4	6.0
Net employment change (2)	-206	-104	-341	-5,954	-1,794	-0.7	-0.3	-1.2	-25.4	-9.1
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020	Sept. 2020
United States(1)	5.9	6.2	5.5	4.8	9.4	5.8	5.5	6.1	17.0	6.0
Alabama	5.8	6.2	5.5	4.8	7.8	5.9	5.5	5.9	12.6	5.9
Alaska	9.6	10.3	9.2	6.9	12.2	10.1	10.2	9.5	24.5	9.9
Arizona	6.3	6.4	5.6	5.7	7.9	4.9	5.2	5.9	11.7	6.2
Arkansas	5.6	6.5	5.1	4.8	7.5	5.8	4.9	5.5	12.0	5.6
California	6.3	6.8	6.1	5.2	8.7	6.0	6.0	6.7	18.6	7.3
Colorado	6.6	6.7	6.3	5.8	10.0	6.4	6.2	7.0	14.9	6.3
Connecticut	5.5	5.5	5.2	4.3	11.2	5.8	5.6	5.9	19.7	5.1
Delaware	6.2	6.7	6.2	4.9	10.3	6.3	6.2	6.6	17.7	6.3
District of Columbia	5.5	5.4	5.2	3.3	8.3	5.3	4.7	5.3	22.4	5.8
Florida	6.6	6.6	5.4	6.1	9.5	5.8	5.9	6.2	13.9	6.8
Georgia	6.2	6.5	5.6	5.4	9.2	6.0	5.5	5.9	15.0	6.4
Hawaii	5.6	5.7	5.2	3.6	7.4	5.2	5.2	5.8	29.8	12.7
Idaho	7.0	7.7	7.6	6.4	8.4	6.8	6.3	6.1	11.2	6.5
Illinois	5.0	5.6	5.0	4.6	9.7	5.6	5.2	6.0	18.4	5.6
Indiana	5.4	6.0	4.9	4.7	8.3	5.6	5.1	6.0	13.7	5.4
Iowa	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.4	7.4	5.7	5.5	5.9	13.0	5.6
Kansas	5.6	6.3	5.4	5.0	7.9	5.7	5.7	6.0	13.3	6.0
Kentucky	5.9	6.2	5.3	4.6	8.8	5.7	5.6	6.1	15.3	5.0
Louisiana	5.9	5.9	5.3	4.5	8.8	6.1	5.7	6.3	16.9	7.2
Maine	6.5	7.3	6.4	5.4	12.0	7.3	6.9	7.0	21.7	6.0
Maryland	6.2	6.4	5.7	4.7	11.0	6.3	5.9	6.7	21.9	5.9
Massachusetts	5.3	5.8	5.2	3.7	12.5	5.9	5.6	6.0	24.2	5.6
Michigan	5.1	5.8	5.0	4.0	10.9	5.9	5.3	5.7	20.7	4.8
Minnesota	5.4	5.8	5.0	4.3	9.0	5.8	5.6	5.6	17.6	5.4
Mississippi	5.7	6.2	5.6	5.1	8.7	5.7	5.6	6.2	12.9	5.5
Missouri	5.8	6.2	5.2	4.7	8.5	5.8	5.3	5.7	14.3	5.7
Montana	7.4	8.6	7.7	6.8	9.9	7.7	7.2	7.7	13.8	7.2
Nebraska	5.7	6.2	5.8	4.9	8.1	5.5	5.8	6.1	12.1	5.9
Nevada	6.1	6.8	5.4	5.3	12.8	5.5	5.0	6.3	29.2	6.4
New Hampshire	5.8	6.6	6.0	4.5	11.9	6.6	6.0	6.4	18.8	5.1
New Jersey	6.0	6.5	5.7	4.6	15.7	6.2	5.8	6.3	28.1	5.8
New Mexico	6.8	7.0	6.1	4.5	8.3	6.1	6.3	6.5	17.6	6.0
New York	5.8	6.0	5.5	3.9	13.3	5.9	5.7	6.4	26.9	5.9
North Carolina	5.8	6.3	5.8	4.8	8.5	6.0	5.4	5.7	14.5	5.6
North Dakota	6.5	6.7	6.8	5.2	8.8	7.1	6.6	7.0	17.2	6.9
Ohio	5.3	5.7	5.1	4.5	7.7	5.9	5.3	5.6	14.4	5.3
Oklahoma	6.4	6.5	5.4	5.6	6.8	6.2	6.2	6.7	12.3	6.4
Oregon	6.2	6.7	6.2	5.0	9.0	6.2	5.8	6.5	18.4	6.2
Pennsylvania	5.2	5.4	4.9	3.6	10.3	5.1	4.9	5.6	18.2	5.0
Rhode Island	6.0	6.5	6.1	4.5	12.9	6.2	5.9	6.5	25.2	5.3
South Carolina	6.0	6.5	5.5	5.1	8.8	5.9	5.9	6.6	14.9	6.1
South Dakota	5.9	6.4	6.0	5.1	8.6	6.0	5.8	6.6	11.6	5.5
Tennessee	5.5	5.7	4.9	4.4	8.1	5.1	5.0	5.3	13.7	5.4
Texas	5.9	6.0	5.0	4.7	7.2	5.3	5.1	5.5	13.6	6.0
Utah	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.5	9.1	6.3	6.3	6.4	10.9	6.2
Vermont	6.3	6.9	5.8	4.6	12.3	7.6	6.4	7.6	18.5	5.7
Virginia	5.5	6.5	5.6	4.7	10.2	6.3	5.5	6.1	18.2	5.3
Washington	6.1	6.6	7.4	4.9	8.9	6.1	5.8	7.4	16.9	6.2
West Virginia	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.1	8.8	6.7	7.1	6.8	13.8	7.0
Wisconsin	4.8	5.4	5.0	4.4	7.6	5.9	5.0	5.3	14.4	5.2
Wyoming	8.6	9.4	8.6	6.4	10.7	8.9	8.7	9.3	18.1	7.7
Puerto Rico	5.9	5.4	5.0	4.0	11.0	5.5	4.9	5.2	16.9	5.1
Virgin Islands	12.0	10.3	7.2	5.3	8.4	6.4	7.3	8.3	19.8	12.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.