From June 2022 to September 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Hawaii were 31,526, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 24,178, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Chris Rosenlund noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 7,348 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 431. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.2 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Hawaii, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 25,836 in the third quarter of 2022, an increase of 2,790 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 5,690 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of 342 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 4.8 percent of private-sector employment in Hawaii; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Hawaii, contracting establishments lost 19,916 jobs in the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of 2,446 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 4,262 jobs, a decrease of 2,885 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 7 of the 8 industry sectors in Hawaii in the third quarter of 2022. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 3,117 jobs. This was the result of 7,719 gross job gains and 4,602 gross job losses. Education and health services showed the second largest net gain at 1,361 jobs. Wholesale trade had the only over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 47 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 26, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Hawaii, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	35,048	34,180	29,910	29,078	31,526	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.2
At expanding establishments	27,772	26,612	24,714	23,046	25,836	5.8	5.5	5.0	4.7	5.1
At opening establishments	7,276	7,568	5,196	6,032	5,690	1.5	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.1
Gross job losses	29,985	24,407	25,187	29,509	24,178	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9	4.8
At contracting establishments	23,292	20,170	20,080	22,362	19,916	4.9	4.2	4.1	4.5	4.0
At closing establishments	6,693	4,237	5,107	7,147	4,262	1.4	0.9	1.0	1.4	0.8
Net employment change (2)	5,063	9,773	4,723	-431	7,348	1.0	2.0	1.0	0.0	1.4
Construction
Gross job gains	2,652	2,889	2,939	2,332	2,617	7.2	8.0	8.0	6.4	7.2
At expanding establishments	2,201	2,414	2,526	1,946	2,324	6.0	6.7	6.9	5.3	6.4
At opening establishments	451	475	413	386	293	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.1	0.8
Gross job losses	3,617	2,799	2,433	3,069	2,249	10.0	7.8	6.6	8.4	6.2
At contracting establishments	2,969	2,240	1,987	2,542	1,996	8.2	6.2	5.4	7.0	5.5
At closing establishments	648	559	446	527	253	1.8	1.6	1.2	1.4	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-965	90	506	-737	368	-2.8	0.2	1.4	-2.0	1.0
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	952	1,016	846	744	613	5.8	6.1	5.0	4.3	3.6
At expanding establishments	762	780	684	619	544	4.6	4.7	4.0	3.6	3.2
At opening establishments	190	236	162	125	69	1.2	1.4	1.0	0.7	0.4
Gross job losses	841	644	683	733	660	5.1	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.8
At contracting establishments	508	445	471	481	589	3.1	2.7	2.8	2.8	3.4
At closing establishments	333	199	212	252	71	2.0	1.2	1.3	1.5	0.4
Net employment change (2)	111	372	163	11	-47	0.7	2.2	0.9	0.0	-0.2
Retail trade
Gross job gains	3,855	3,635	3,167	2,918	3,923	6.1	5.7	5.0	4.5	6.0
At expanding establishments	3,364	3,004	2,861	2,649	3,446	5.3	4.7	4.5	4.1	5.3
At opening establishments	491	631	306	269	477	0.8	1.0	0.5	0.4	0.7
Gross job losses	3,774	2,975	2,888	3,674	3,199	5.9	4.7	4.5	5.7	5.0
At contracting establishments	3,178	2,583	2,510	3,228	2,687	5.0	4.1	3.9	5.0	4.2
At closing establishments	596	392	378	446	512	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.8
Net employment change (2)	81	660	279	-756	724	0.2	1.0	0.5	-1.2	1.0
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,289	1,581	1,277	1,260	1,422	4.8	5.8	4.7	4.6	5.2
At expanding establishments	913	1,232	1,027	1,005	1,187	3.4	4.5	3.8	3.7	4.3
At opening establishments	376	349	250	255	235	1.4	1.3	0.9	0.9	0.9
Gross job losses	1,258	1,092	1,525	1,416	1,295	4.7	4.1	5.5	5.2	4.8
At contracting establishments	918	886	1,131	982	1,002	3.4	3.3	4.1	3.6	3.7
At closing establishments	340	206	394	434	293	1.3	0.8	1.4	1.6	1.1
Net employment change (2)	31	489	-248	-156	127	0.1	1.7	-0.8	-0.6	0.4
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	4,905	5,031	4,180	4,391	4,156	7.2	7.3	6.0	6.3	5.9
At expanding establishments	3,829	3,648	3,583	3,420	3,409	5.6	5.3	5.1	4.9	4.8
At opening establishments	1,076	1,383	597	971	747	1.6	2.0	0.9	1.4	1.1
Gross job losses	5,365	3,393	3,912	4,709	3,979	7.8	4.9	5.6	6.7	5.6
At contracting establishments	4,080	2,699	2,950	3,095	3,130	5.9	3.9	4.2	4.4	4.4
At closing establishments	1,285	694	962	1,614	849	1.9	1.0	1.4	2.3	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-460	1,638	268	-318	177	-0.6	2.4	0.4	-0.4	0.3
Education and health services
Gross job gains	4,658	3,941	5,057	3,053	4,341	5.6	4.7	5.9	3.6	5.2
At expanding establishments	3,918	2,786	4,535	2,476	3,780	4.7	3.3	5.3	2.9	4.5
At opening establishments	740	1,155	522	577	561	0.9	1.4	0.6	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	3,531	4,807	3,464	5,296	2,980	4.1	5.6	4.1	6.3	3.5
At contracting establishments	2,736	4,261	2,802	4,307	2,371	3.2	5.0	3.3	5.1	2.8
At closing establishments	795	546	662	989	609	0.9	0.6	0.8	1.2	0.7
Net employment change (2)	1,127	-866	1,593	-2,243	1,361	1.5	-0.9	1.8	-2.7	1.7
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	9,097	7,710	5,688	8,046	7,719	9.1	7.4	5.3	7.5	6.9
At expanding establishments	7,409	6,376	4,816	6,689	6,395	7.4	6.1	4.5	6.2	5.7
At opening establishments	1,688	1,334	872	1,357	1,324	1.7	1.3	0.8	1.3	1.2
Gross job losses	5,655	3,971	4,910	4,457	4,602	5.6	3.8	4.6	4.2	4.1
At contracting establishments	4,525	3,446	4,043	3,315	3,897	4.5	3.3	3.8	3.1	3.5
At closing establishments	1,130	525	867	1,142	705	1.1	0.5	0.8	1.1	0.6
Net employment change (2)	3,442	3,739	778	3,589	3,117	3.5	3.6	0.7	3.3	2.8
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	2,302	1,896	1,399	1,391	1,493	10.2	8.1	5.9	5.8	6.2
At expanding establishments	1,358	1,353	1,096	1,196	1,299	6.0	5.8	4.6	5.0	5.4
At opening establishments	944	543	303	195	194	4.2	2.3	1.3	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	1,312	1,286	1,177	1,777	1,189	5.8	5.5	5.0	7.4	4.9
At contracting establishments	912	950	847	1,226	1,000	4.0	4.1	3.6	5.1	4.1
At closing establishments	400	336	330	551	189	1.8	1.4	1.4	2.3	0.8
Net employment change (2)	990	610	222	-386	304	4.4	2.6	0.9	-1.6	1.3
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022
United States(1)	7.3	7.7	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.1	5.4	5.4	6.7	5.8
Alabama	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6	7.1	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0	6.2
Alaska	10.5	11.8	10.1	10.1	8.6	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.6	10.3
Arizona	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.7	7.9	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.3	5.5
Arkansas	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.6	6.4	6.7	4.8	5.4	6.0	5.5
California	7.8	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.7	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.2	6.1
Colorado	8.0	7.6	7.5	7.3	5.0	7.0	6.1	6.3	6.7	5.8
Connecticut	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.0	5.3	5.3	6.5	6.2
Delaware	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.5	8.6	7.2	6.0	5.6	8.2	6.1
District of Columbia	7.9	7.3	6.0	6.0	7.2	4.9	4.9	4.9	6.8	4.8
Florida	9.0	7.7	6.5	7.5	7.8	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.9	5.5
Georgia	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.6	7.0	6.2	5.5	5.7	6.7	6.0
Hawaii	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.2	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9	4.8
Idaho	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.1	8.5	7.3	6.3	6.2	9.1	7.5
Illinois	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.9	6.0	6.0	4.9	5.0	5.9	5.3
Indiana	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8	5.5
Iowa	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	5.8	6.1	5.4	5.3	6.7	6.0
Kansas	6.6	7.6	6.2	6.5	7.6	6.5	5.3	5.4	7.5	5.6
Kentucky	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.7	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7	5.4
Louisiana	6.9	9.6	6.5	6.6	7.3	8.5	5.8	7.1	7.3	5.7
Maine	7.8	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.4	7.8	6.9	6.1	8.1	7.4
Maryland	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	7.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1	6.0
Massachusetts	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.1	6.2	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.4	6.1
Michigan	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5	5.9
Minnesota	6.4	7.3	6.0	6.6	6.8	6.7	5.2	5.4	7.1	6.0
Mississippi	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.2	6.1	5.7	6.0	7.0	6.3
Missouri	6.7	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.8	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.9	6.3
Montana	8.5	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.5	8.3	7.2	8.5	9.4	7.7
Nebraska	6.3	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.9	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.6	6.2
Nevada	8.9	8.3	6.8	6.9	7.6	5.7	4.8	5.2	6.7	5.7
New Hampshire	7.0	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.4	5.4	7.9	6.7
New Jersey	7.5	8.7	7.1	6.5	6.8	6.1	5.4	5.5	6.3	6.3
New Mexico	8.2	8.2	7.4	6.5	7.7	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1	5.9
New York	7.5	7.7	6.7	7.1	6.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	6.6	6.0
North Carolina	6.8	8.1	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.4	5.0	5.3	6.2	5.9
North Dakota	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.8	7.6	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.4
Ohio	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3	5.6
Oklahoma	7.1	7.6	6.3	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2	5.5
Oregon	7.1	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.7	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1	8.6
Pennsylvania	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.5	6.1	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.2
Rhode Island	7.6	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.7	7.1	6.6	5.7	7.3	7.4
South Carolina	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.4	7.3	6.0	5.3	6.2	6.9	5.6
South Dakota	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6	7.3	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.8	6.4
Tennessee	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.3	7.0	5.4	5.6	4.7	6.4	5.4
Texas	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.5	7.4	5.5	4.8	5.4	6.1	5.2
Utah	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.0	7.9	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.8	6.7
Vermont	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.2	7.7	6.9	6.3	8.4	8.0
Virginia	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	7.5	6.0	5.3	5.8	7.0	6.1
Washington	7.3	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.1	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1	6.1
West Virginia	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.5	6.0	5.9	7.9	6.5
Wisconsin	5.5	6.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	5.8	5.2	4.8	6.8	5.9
Wyoming	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.4	9.2	8.4	7.8	8.3	9.1	8.5
Puerto Rico	8.5	6.4	7.0	6.5	6.2	5.1	5.5	4.9	6.1	5.2
Virgin Islands	7.5	8.0	6.9	8.8	7.9	8.5	9.5	10.3	12.6	4.9
Footnotes: (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.