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State and Metro Area Employment, Hours, & Earnings
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2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revisions to Current Establishment Survey Data for states and select metropolitan areas
Each year, CES employment estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). These counts are derived primarily from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file with state workforce agencies.
While most firms are required to pay UI tax for their employees, there are some types of employees that are exempt from UI tax law but are still within scope for the CES. Because these employees are not included in the QCEW, CES uses several other sources to generate counts of this noncovered employment. More information on noncovered employment is available in the CES Handbook of Methods at https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ces/calculation.htm#noncovered-employment.
Preliminary benchmark revisions are calculated for March 2023 for all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 51 metropolitan areas with a Census 2010 population of 1 million or more. Noncovered employment levels for the upcoming benchmark are not available at the time of the release of the preliminary benchmark revisions. Therefore, the preliminary benchmark revision is calculated by adding the previous year’s March noncovered employment level to the current year’s March QCEW employment and subtracting the current year’s March CES estimate of employment:
Preliminary benchmark revision = (March 2022 noncovered employment + March 2023 QCEW employment) – March 2023 CES employment estimate
Final benchmark revisions will be issued in March 2024 with the publication of the January 2024 State Employment and Unemployment Summary news release. The final benchmark will reflect revisions to all not seasonally adjusted data from April 2022 to December 2023, all seasonally adjusted data from January 2019 to December 2023, and select series subject to historical revisions before April 2022. For more information on the CES benchmarking process for states and metropolitan areas, see https://www.bls.gov/web/laus/bmrk_article.htm.
Preliminary benchmark revisions for March 2023 for all 50 states and the District are available in Table 1. Preliminary benchmark revisions for March 2023 for the 51 metropolitan areas with a Census 2010 population of 1 million or more are available in Table 2. Historical data (2017-2022) for preliminary and final benchmark revisions are available for download in the historical data link below. Preliminary benchmark revisions to CES national data series are available at https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.
| State | March 2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revision | |
|---|---|---|
| Level (in thousands) | Percent | |
|
Alabama |
5.7 | 0.3 |
|
Alaska |
-1.3 | -0.4 |
|
Arizona |
32.5 | 1.0 |
|
Arkansas |
2.8 | 0.2 |
|
California |
-197.8 | -1.1 |
|
Colorado |
2.5 | 0.1 |
|
Connecticut |
0.4 | (1) |
|
Delaware |
0.7 | 0.2 |
|
District of Columbia |
-4.5 | -0.6 |
|
Florida |
-9.7 | -0.1 |
|
Georgia |
7.0 | 0.1 |
|
Hawaii |
-0.5 | -0.1 |
|
Idaho |
-11.5 | -1.4 |
|
Illinois |
13.2 | 0.2 |
|
Indiana |
-22.3 | -0.7 |
|
Iowa |
-9.2 | -0.6 |
|
Kansas |
-3.8 | -0.3 |
|
Kentucky |
7.3 | 0.4 |
|
Louisiana |
-3.8 | -0.2 |
|
Maine |
5.3 | 0.8 |
|
Maryland |
-1.8 | -0.1 |
|
Massachusetts |
-38.9 | -1.1 |
|
Michigan |
11.5 | 0.3 |
|
Minnesota |
-3.3 | -0.1 |
|
Mississippi |
4.7 | 0.4 |
|
Missouri |
-22.8 | -0.8 |
|
Montana |
2.6 | 0.5 |
|
Nebraska |
-4.7 | -0.5 |
|
Nevada |
-20.5 | -1.3 |
|
New Hampshire |
-3.4 | -0.5 |
|
New Jersey |
13.7 | 0.3 |
|
New Mexico |
0.4 | 0.1 |
|
New York |
9.3 | 0.1 |
|
North Carolina |
1.6 | (1) |
|
North Dakota |
0.9 | 0.2 |
|
Ohio |
7.2 | 0.1 |
|
Oklahoma |
-3.4 | -0.2 |
|
Oregon |
-15.1 | -0.8 |
|
Pennsylvania |
-30.9 | -0.5 |
|
Rhode Island |
3.3 | 0.7 |
|
South Carolina |
7.7 | 0.3 |
|
South Dakota |
-3.8 | -0.8 |
|
Tennessee |
-8.4 | -0.3 |
|
Texas |
-15.0 | -0.1 |
|
Utah |
-7.2 | -0.4 |
|
Vermont |
2.9 | 0.9 |
|
Virginia |
8.8 | 0.2 |
|
Washington |
-21.3 | -0.6 |
|
West Virginia |
10.8 | 1.5 |
|
Wisconsin |
10.4 | 0.3 |
|
Wyoming |
0.0 | (1) |
|
Notes: (1) +/- 0.05 percent |
||
| Area | March 2023 Preliminary Benchmark Revision | |
|---|---|---|
| Level (in thousands) | Percent | |
|
Birmingham-Hoover, AL |
-4.9 | -0.9 |
|
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ |
18.2 | 0.8 |
|
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
-90.6 | -1.5 |
|
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA |
0.7 | (1) |
|
Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade, CA |
-11.9 | -1.1 |
|
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA |
-25.1 | -1.6 |
|
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA |
-50.4 | -2.1 |
|
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
-21.8 | -1.9 |
|
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO |
21.7 | 1.4 |
|
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT NECTA |
-1.5 | -0.3 |
|
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
-175.4 | -5.5 |
|
Jacksonville, FL |
-19.9 | -2.6 |
|
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
-2.2 | -0.1 |
|
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL |
5.2 | 0.4 |
|
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL |
-34.8 | -2.3 |
|
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
-35.7 | -1.2 |
|
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI |
-8.0 | -0.2 |
|
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN |
-25.3 | -2.2 |
|
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN |
1.1 | 0.2 |
|
New Orleans-Metairie, LA |
-2.5 | -0.5 |
|
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD |
-11.8 | -0.9 |
|
Boston-Cambridge-Nashua, MA-NH NECTA |
-25.7 | -0.9 |
|
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI |
-16.2 | -0.8 |
|
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI |
-4.0 | -0.2 |
|
Kansas City, MO-KS |
-8.2 | -0.7 |
|
St. Louis, MO-IL |
-7.8 | -0.6 |
|
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV |
-29.2 | -2.7 |
|
Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY |
-3.1 | -0.6 |
|
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA |
-41.1 | -0.4 |
|
Rochester, NY |
0.9 | 0.2 |
|
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC |
-4.4 | -0.3 |
|
Raleigh, NC |
2.3 | 0.3 |
|
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN |
-17.1 | -1.5 |
|
Cleveland-Elyria, OH |
-3.8 | -0.4 |
|
Columbus, OH |
-10.8 | -1.0 |
|
Oklahoma City, OK |
-7.5 | -1.1 |
|
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA |
-16.0 | -1.3 |
|
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD |
-50.4 | -1.7 |
|
Pittsburgh, PA |
-21.7 | -1.9 |
|
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA NECTA |
0.5 | 0.1 |
|
Memphis, TN-MS-AR |
-10.8 | -1.6 |
|
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN |
-25.0 | -2.2 |
|
Austin-Round Rock, TX |
-2.2 | -0.2 |
|
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
-65.4 | -1.6 |
|
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX |
15.7 | 0.5 |
|
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX |
-6.0 | -0.5 |
|
Salt Lake City, UT |
-12.5 | -1.5 |
|
Richmond, VA |
-9.7 | -1.4 |
|
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC |
3.3 | 0.4 |
|
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
-32.0 | -1.5 |
|
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI |
0.1 | (1) |
|
Notes: (1) +/- 0.05 percent |
||
Historical Data
preliminary-benchmark-histories.xlsx (Excel)
Last Modified Date: August 23, 2023