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Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
E-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
sex, and age		 2021 2022 2023 2024
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 201,612 201,748 201,971 202,195 202,875 203,049 203,324 203,608 204,122 204,346 204,645 204,946 204,679

Civilian labor force

 123,718 123,988 124,259 124,632 126,029 125,730 125,984 126,101 126,828 127,294 127,679 127,537 127,199

Participation rate

 61.4 61.5 61.5 61.6 62.1 61.9 62.0 61.9 62.1 62.3 62.4 62.2 62.1

Employed

 116,855 117,532 118,667 120,120 121,864 121,626 122,067 122,100 122,802 123,263 123,437 123,183 122,878

Employment-population ratio

 58.0 58.3 58.8 59.4 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.1 60.0

Unemployed

 6,863 6,457 5,592 4,512 4,165 4,105 3,917 4,001 4,027 4,031 4,242 4,354 4,322

Unemployment rate

 5.5 5.2 4.5 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4

Not in labor force

 77,894 77,759 77,711 77,564 76,847 77,319 77,340 77,507 77,294 77,053 76,967 77,409 77,480

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 64,340 64,601 64,925 64,923 65,822 65,569 65,652 65,912 66,180 66,433 66,526 66,488 65,839

Participation rate

 69.6 69.8 70.1 70.0 70.3 70.0 70.0 70.2 70.0 70.2 70.2 70.1 69.7

Employed

 60,886 61,257 62,043 62,774 63,775 63,534 63,699 63,969 64,211 64,409 64,338 64,305 63,787

Employment-population ratio

 65.8 66.2 67.0 67.7 68.1 67.8 67.9 68.1 68.0 68.1 67.9 67.8 67.6

Unemployed

 3,453 3,344 2,882 2,149 2,047 2,035 1,953 1,943 1,969 2,023 2,188 2,183 2,052

Unemployment rate

 5.4 5.2 4.4 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 54,727 54,716 54,687 55,064 55,336 55,303 55,459 55,310 55,725 55,983 56,315 56,061 56,387

Participation rate

 56.4 56.3 56.2 56.6 57.2 57.1 57.2 56.9 57.4 57.6 57.8 57.5 57.8

Employed

 51,927 52,069 52,428 53,129 53,660 53,715 53,982 53,712 54,122 54,429 54,747 54,468 54,646

Employment-population ratio

 53.5 53.6 53.9 54.6 55.4 55.4 55.6 55.3 55.7 56.0 56.2 55.8 56.0

Unemployed

 2,800 2,648 2,260 1,935 1,676 1,588 1,477 1,598 1,604 1,555 1,568 1,593 1,741

Unemployment rate

 5.1 4.8 4.1 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 4,651 4,671 4,647 4,644 4,871 4,858 4,873 4,879 4,924 4,878 4,838 4,988 4,973

Participation rate

 38.5 38.7 38.5 38.5 39.1 38.9 39.0 39.0 39.4 39.0 38.6 39.8 39.2

Employed

 4,042 4,206 4,197 4,216 4,429 4,376 4,387 4,419 4,469 4,425 4,353 4,410 4,445

Employment-population ratio

 33.4 34.9 34.8 35.0 35.5 35.1 35.1 35.3 35.8 35.4 34.8 35.2 35.0

Unemployed

 609 465 450 428 442 482 486 460 454 453 486 578 529

Unemployment rate

 13.1 10.0 9.7 9.2 9.1 9.9 10.0 9.4 9.2 9.3 10.0 11.6 10.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 33,511 33,573 33,646 33,724 34,004 34,081 34,171 34,270 34,519 34,613 34,715 34,821 34,848

Civilian labor force

 20,192 20,556 20,626 20,543 21,066 21,279 21,231 21,357 21,887 21,775 21,818 22,056 22,137

Participation rate

 60.3 61.2 61.3 60.9 62.0 62.4 62.1 62.3 63.4 62.9 62.8 63.3 63.5

Employed

 18,234 18,607 18,949 19,110 19,660 19,997 19,952 20,136 20,699 20,579 20,600 20,825 20,861

Employment-population ratio

 54.4 55.4 56.3 56.7 57.8 58.7 58.4 58.8 60.0 59.5 59.3 59.8 59.9

Unemployed

 1,958 1,949 1,677 1,432 1,406 1,282 1,279 1,220 1,187 1,196 1,218 1,231 1,276

Unemployment rate

 9.7 9.5 8.1 7.0 6.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8

Not in labor force

 13,320 13,017 13,019 13,182 12,938 12,801 12,940 12,913 12,632 12,838 12,897 12,765 12,711

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 9,324 9,516 9,457 9,461 9,797 9,937 9,818 9,907 10,217 10,044 10,162 10,214 10,309

Participation rate

 65.9 67.1 66.5 66.3 67.8 68.6 67.6 68.0 69.3 68.0 68.6 68.7 69.6

Employed

 8,405 8,552 8,661 8,770 9,169 9,363 9,249 9,395 9,681 9,503 9,621 9,663 9,701

Employment-population ratio

 59.4 60.3 60.9 61.5 63.4 64.6 63.7 64.5 65.7 64.3 64.9 65.0 65.5

Unemployed

 919 964 796 690 629 574 568 512 536 541 541 551 608

Unemployment rate

 9.9 10.1 8.4 7.3 6.4 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 10,155 10,307 10,413 10,385 10,554 10,617 10,670 10,674 10,888 10,989 10,898 11,049 11,005

Participation rate

 59.9 60.6 61.1 60.8 61.8 62.0 62.2 62.0 63.1 63.5 62.8 63.5 63.1

Employed

 9,244 9,431 9,643 9,783 9,926 10,032 10,081 10,098 10,372 10,433 10,376 10,498 10,467

Employment-population ratio

 54.5 55.5 56.6 57.3 58.1 58.6 58.7 58.7 60.1 60.3 59.8 60.3 60.0

Unemployed

 911 877 769 602 628 585 589 576 516 555 521 551 538

Unemployment rate

 9.0 8.5 7.4 5.8 6.0 5.5 5.5 5.4 4.7 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 713 732 756 697 714 726 743 776 782 742 758 793 823

Participation rate

 29.8 30.7 31.7 29.2 28.9 29.3 29.9 31.1 31.1 29.3 29.8 31.0 31.7

Employed

 585 623 645 558 565 603 622 644 646 643 603 664 693

Employment-population ratio

 24.4 26.1 27.0 23.4 22.8 24.3 25.0 25.8 25.7 25.4 23.7 26.0 26.7

Unemployed

 128 109 111 139 149 123 121 132 136 99 155 130 130

Unemployment rate

 17.9 14.9 14.7 20.0 20.9 17.0 16.3 17.1 17.4 13.3 20.5 16.3 15.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 16,514 16,496 16,537 16,537 16,829 16,851 17,014 17,038 17,510 17,520 17,583 17,752 17,832

Civilian labor force

 10,356 10,398 10,629 10,796 10,720 10,869 11,060 11,035 11,331 11,400 11,534 11,491 11,478

Participation rate

 62.7 63.0 64.3 65.3 63.7 64.5 65.0 64.8 64.7 65.1 65.6 64.7 64.4

Employed

 9,746 9,810 10,134 10,375 10,390 10,565 10,766 10,741 10,987 11,060 11,213 11,120 11,139

Employment-population ratio

 59.0 59.5 61.3 62.7 61.7 62.7 63.3 63.0 62.7 63.1 63.8 62.6 62.5

Unemployed

 610 588 495 422 330 305 294 294 343 340 321 371 339

Unemployment rate

 5.9 5.7 4.7 3.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.9

Not in labor force

 6,158 6,098 5,908 5,741 6,109 5,981 5,953 6,003 6,179 6,120 6,049 6,261 6,354

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population(1)

 44,586 44,787 45,005 45,231 45,814 46,040 46,287 46,543 47,103 47,380 47,671 47,973 48,465

Civilian labor force

 29,089 29,214 29,535 29,858 30,424 30,541 30,665 30,776 31,417 31,729 32,048 32,079 32,420

Participation rate

 65.2 65.2 65.6 66.0 66.4 66.3 66.2 66.1 66.7 67.0 67.2 66.9 66.9

Employed

 26,673 27,026 27,684 28,333 29,089 29,222 29,386 29,499 29,877 30,382 30,566 30,547 30,859

Employment-population ratio

 59.8 60.3 61.5 62.6 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.4 63.4 64.1 64.1 63.7 63.7

Unemployed

 2,416 2,188 1,852 1,526 1,335 1,320 1,279 1,276 1,539 1,347 1,482 1,533 1,560

Unemployment rate

 8.3 7.5 6.3 5.1 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.9 4.2 4.6 4.8 4.8

Not in labor force

 15,497 15,573 15,469 15,373 15,390 15,499 15,622 15,767 15,686 15,652 15,624 15,894 16,046

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 15,894 16,052 16,274 16,283 16,613 16,685 16,544 16,651 16,923 17,093 17,231 17,219 17,414

Participation rate

 78.9 79.3 80.0 79.6 80.0 80.0 78.9 79.0 79.0 79.4 79.6 79.0 79.5

Employed

 14,676 14,955 15,339 15,585 15,984 16,081 15,927 15,997 16,142 16,425 16,516 16,461 16,680

Employment-population ratio

 72.9 73.9 75.4 76.2 77.0 77.1 76.0 75.9 75.4 76.3 76.3 75.5 76.1

Unemployed

 1,218 1,097 934 698 629 604 617 655 781 668 715 757 734

Unemployment rate

 7.7 6.8 5.7 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

 11,823 11,908 11,971 12,204 12,410 12,422 12,702 12,715 13,064 13,141 13,326 13,290 13,451

Participation rate

 57.9 58.1 58.1 58.9 59.6 59.4 60.4 60.1 61.2 61.2 61.7 61.1 61.1

Employed

 10,860 11,003 11,237 11,559 11,841 11,879 12,232 12,245 12,467 12,630 12,762 12,737 12,830

Employment-population ratio

 53.2 53.6 54.5 55.8 56.9 56.8 58.2 57.9 58.4 58.8 59.1 58.6 58.3

Unemployed

 962 905 734 646 569 543 470 470 597 512 564 554 621

Unemployment rate

 8.1 7.6 6.1 5.3 4.6 4.4 3.7 3.7 4.6 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

 1,372 1,254 1,291 1,371 1,401 1,435 1,419 1,409 1,430 1,494 1,490 1,570 1,555

Participation rate

 34.1 31.1 31.8 33.7 33.1 33.7 33.1 32.7 33.0 34.2 33.8 35.4 34.2

Employed

 1,137 1,069 1,107 1,189 1,264 1,263 1,227 1,257 1,268 1,327 1,288 1,349 1,350

Employment-population ratio

 28.2 26.5 27.3 29.2 29.9 29.7 28.7 29.2 29.2 30.3 29.2 30.4 29.7

Unemployed

 236 186 184 182 138 172 192 152 162 167 202 222 205

Unemployment rate

 17.2 14.8 14.2 13.2 9.8 12.0 13.5 10.8 11.3 11.2 13.6 14.1 13.2

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

 

Last Modified Date: April 05, 2024