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Impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on Consumer Price Index data for July 2020

Note: In table 7, the list of data series shown as inadequate for publication has been corrected.

This page provides further information on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic for the July 2020 Consumer Price Index news release.

Collection mode

Data collection for July 2020 involved no personal visits, so all data were collected either online or through telephone interviews. An example of this is full-service restaurants; if a restaurant was closed for dine-in service, but open for take-out or delivery, the data collector attempted to obtain the price from the restaurant’s website or by telephone call with the respondent, rather than a personal visit.

Table 1. Collection modes for the commodities and services price survey, percent
Month	2019			2020
Month	Personal visit	Telephone	Online	Personal visit	Telephone	Online
March	74	10	16	44	14	42
April	74	10	16	0	18	82
May	74	10	16	0	17	83
June	73	10	17	0	17	83
July	74	10	16	0	17	83
Average Feb 2019–Feb 2020	73	10	17

Table 2. Collection modes for the housing survey, percent
Month	2019		2020
Month	Personal visit	Telephone	Personal visit	Telephone
March	36	64	30	70
April	38	62	0	100
May	39	61	0	100
June	38	62	0	100
July	37	63	0	100
Average Feb 2019–Feb 2020	38	62

Response rates

For some CPI market basket categories, the percentage of the sample collected in July 2020 was notably lower than average. These included food at employee sites and schools, leased cars and trucks, fees for lessons or instructions, and household paper products.

There was a lower percentage of collected rents in July 2020 compared with July 2019.

Table 3. Response rates for the commodities and services price survey, percent
Month	2019		2020
Month	Collected prices	Uncollected prices	Collected prices	Uncollected prices
March	87	13	75	25
April	86	14	65	35
May	87	13	68	32
June	86	14	70	30
July	86	14	70	30
Average Feb 2019–Feb 2020	86	14

Table 4. Response rates for the housing survey, percent
Month	2019			2020
Month	Collected rents	Vacant units	Uncollected rents	Collected rents	Vacant units	Uncollected rents
March	67	6	27	63	5	32
April	68	6	26	61	4	35
May	69	6	25	61	4	35
June	68	6	26	62	4	34
July	69	6	25	60	4	36
Average Feb 2019–Feb 2020	68	6	26

Imputation

In July 2020, the CPI continued to impute the majority of uncollected prices from collected prices within the same item and geographic area (home cell). However, the number of prices imputed from a different item area cell (different cell) increased from the same time in 2019. There were no instances where the data from the previous month was imputed to the current month (carry forward).

Table 5. Imputation source for the commodities and services price survey, percent
Month	2019			2020
Month	Home cell	Different cell	Carry forward	Home cell	Different cell	Carry forward
March	94	6	0	90	10	0
April	92	8	0	84	16	0
May	92	8	0	85	15	0
June	92	8	0	86	14	0
July	92	8	0	86	14	0

Nonvacant units with respondents previously reporting, but not currently reporting, receive noninterview imputation for use in the CPI. Vacant units that were previously occupied by renters are also imputed for use in estimation by separate methods. Table 6 below shows a reduction in vacancy imputation performed in the current month relative to the same time last year.

Table 6. Imputation source for the housing survey, percent
Month	2019		2020
Month	Noninterview	Vacancy	Noninterview	Vacancy
March	82	18	87	13
April	82	18	90	10
May	82	18	91	9
June	81	19	89	11
July	81	19	89	11

Cell, series, index, or observation suppression

Table 7 lists the data series that were both inadequate for publication in July 2020 because of insufficient sample and that were adequate over the year before March 2020.

Table 7. List of data inadequate for publication for July 2020
LABSTAT ID	Item	Area
CPI-U Series
CUUR0000SEFV03	Food at employee sites and schools	U.S. city average
CUUR0000SETA03	Leased cars and trucks	U.S. city average
CUUR0000SS62032	Admission to sporting events	U.S. city average
CUUR0000SSGE013	Infants' equipment	U.S. city average
CUUR0110SAGS	Other personal services	New England
CUURS35DSAGC	Other goods	Tampa, FL
CUURS49FSAGS	Other personal services	Urban Hawaii
CPI-W Series
CWUR0000SEFV03	Food at employee sites and schools	U.S. city average
CWUR0000SETA03	Leased cars and trucks	U.S. city average
CWURS49FSAGS	Other personal services	Urban Hawaii
C-CPI-U Series
No series were inadequate for publication.
AP Series
APU0000706311	Turkey, frozen, whole, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000711311	Oranges, Navel, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000711411	Grapefruit, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000711412	Lemons, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000712211	Lettuce, iceberg, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000712406	Peppers, sweet, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000712412	Broccoli, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000FD2101	All Ham (Excluding Canned Ham and Luncheon Slices), per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0000FL2101	Lettuce, romaine, per lb. (453.6 gm)	U.S. city average
APU0100711211	Bananas, per lb. (453.6 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100711311	Oranges, Navel, per lb. (453.6 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100711411	Grapefruit, per lb. (453.6 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100711412	Lemons, per lb. (453.6 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100711415	Strawberries, dry pint, per 12 oz. (340.2 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100FD2101	All Ham (Excluding Canned Ham and Luncheon Slices), per lb. (453.6 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100FD4101	All Other Pork (Excluding Canned Ham and Luncheon Slices), per lb. (453.6 gm)	Northeast urban
APU0100FJ1101	Milk, low-fat, reduced fat, skim, gallon container	Northeast urban
APU0200709112	Milk, fresh, whole, fortified, per gal. (3.8 lit)	Midwest urban
APU0200711411	Grapefruit, per lb. (453.6 gm)	Midwest urban
APU0200711412	Lemons, per lb. (453.6 gm)	Midwest urban
APU0200720311	Wine, red and white table, all sizes, any origin, per 1 liter (33.8 oz)	Midwest urban
APU0300705121	Bologna, all beef or mixed, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300711311	Oranges, Navel, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300711411	Grapefruit, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300711412	Lemons, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300711417	Grapes, Thompson Seedless, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300712211	Lettuce, iceberg, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300716116	Margarine, soft, tubs, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0300720311	Wine, red and white table, all sizes, any origin, per 1 liter (33.8 oz)	South urban
APU0300FL2101	Lettuce, romaine, per lb. (453.6 gm)	South urban
APU0400702212	Bread, whole wheat, pan, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400704312	Ham, boneless, excluding canned, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400705111	Frankfurters, all meat or all beef, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400711411	Grapefruit, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400711412	Lemons, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400714233	Beans, dried, any type, all sizes, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400FD2101	All Ham (Excluding Canned Ham and Luncheon Slices), per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban
APU0400FL2101	Lettuce, romaine, per lb. (453.6 gm)	West urban

Measures of error

The standard error of the CPI’s change can be used to construct confidence intervals to determine whether the change for a particular CPI series is significantly different from zero. Table 8 shows the 1- and 12-month standard error for selected indexes at the U.S. level.

Table 8. Impact on standard errors of one- and twelve-month percent changes
Expenditure category	One month		Twelve month
Expenditure category	July 2019	July 2020	July 2019	July 2020
All items	0.03	0.03	0.08	0.09
Food and beverages	0.05	0.08	0.11	0.19
Food	0.06	0.08	0.12	0.19
Housing	0.05	0.04	0.15	0.15
Apparel	0.56	0.44	0.81	0.71
Transportation	0.07	0.13	0.16	0.19
Medical care	0.06	0.07	0.43	0.51
Recreation	0.11	0.30	0.48	0.37
Education and communication	0.10	0.13	0.27	0.22
Other goods and services	0.10	0.10	0.28	0.32
Energy	0.18	0.14	0.20	0.25
All items less food and energy	0.04	0.04	0.09	0.11

Last Modified Date: December 3, 2020