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Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by certification and licensing status and selected characteristics

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Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by certification and licensing status and selected characteristics, 2015 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Civilian noninsti- tutional population	Civilian labor force						Not in labor force
		Total	Participation rate	Employed		Unemployed
		Total	Participation rate	Total	Percent of population	Total	Rate
Age
Total, 16 years and over	250,801	157,130	62.7	148,834	59.3	8,296	5.3	93,671
With a certification or license(1)	44,696	38,984	87.2	37,930	84.9	1,054	2.7	5,713
With a certification, but no license	5,461	4,739	86.8	4,575	83.8	165	3.5	722
With a license(2)	39,235	34,244	87.3	33,356	85.0	889	2.6	4,991
Without a certification or license	206,104	118,146	57.3	110,903	53.8	7,243	6.1	87,958
16 to 24 years	38,590	21,223	55.0	18,756	48.6	2,467	11.6	17,367
With a certification or license(1)	2,416	2,092	86.6	1,962	81.2	130	6.2	324
With a certification, but no license	353	291	82.3	272	76.9	19	6.5	63
With a license(2)	2,063	1,801	87.3	1,690	81.9	111	6.2	262
Without a certification or license	36,174	19,131	52.9	16,794	46.4	2,337	12.2	17,043
25 to 54 years	125,109	101,152	80.9	96,638	77.2	4,515	4.5	23,957
With a certification or license(1)	29,059	27,114	93.3	26,434	91.0	680	2.5	1,945
With a certification, but no license	3,676	3,403	92.6	3,296	89.6	107	3.2	273
With a license(2)	25,383	23,711	93.4	23,138	91.2	573	2.4	1,672
Without a certification or license	96,049	74,038	77.1	70,204	73.1	3,834	5.2	22,011
55 years and over	87,102	34,755	39.9	33,440	38.4	1,315	3.8	52,347
With a certification or license(1)	13,222	9,778	74.0	9,535	72.1	243	2.5	3,443
With a certification, but no license	1,432	1,046	73.0	1,007	70.4	38	3.7	386
With a license(2)	11,790	8,732	74.1	8,527	72.3	205	2.3	3,058
Without a certification or license	73,881	24,977	33.8	23,905	32.4	1,072	4.3	48,904
Sex
Men, 16 years and over	121,101	83,620	69.1	79,131	65.3	4,490	5.4	37,481
With a certification or license(1)	20,943	18,852	90.0	18,337	87.6	515	2.7	2,091
With a certification, but no license	3,111	2,814	90.4	2,710	87.1	104	3.7	297
With a license(2)	17,831	16,038	89.9	15,626	87.6	411	2.6	1,794
Without a certification or license	100,158	64,769	64.7	60,794	60.7	3,975	6.1	35,389
Women, 16 years and over	129,700	73,510	56.7	69,703	53.7	3,807	5.2	56,190
With a certification or license(1)	23,754	20,132	84.8	19,593	82.5	539	2.7	3,621
With a certification, but no license	2,350	1,926	81.9	1,864	79.3	61	3.2	424
With a license(2)	21,404	18,207	85.1	17,729	82.8	478	2.6	3,197
Without a certification or license	105,946	53,377	50.4	50,109	47.3	3,268	6.1	52,569
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White, 16 years and over	196,868	123,607	62.8	117,944	59.9	5,662	4.6	73,261
With a certification or license(1)	36,367	31,703	87.2	30,941	85.1	762	2.4	4,665
With a certification, but no license	4,347	3,774	86.8	3,659	84.2	115	3.0	573
With a license(2)	32,020	27,929	87.2	27,282	85.2	647	2.3	4,091
Without a certification or license	160,501	91,904	57.3	87,004	54.2	4,901	5.3	68,596
Black or African American, 16 years and over	31,386	19,318	61.5	17,472	55.7	1,846	9.6	12,068
With a certification or license(1)	4,802	4,153	86.5	3,947	82.2	206	5.0	649
With a certification, but no license	592	511	86.2	481	81.2	30	5.8	82
With a license(2)	4,209	3,642	86.5	3,466	82.3	176	4.8	567
Without a certification or license	26,584	15,165	57.0	13,525	50.9	1,640	10.8	11,419
Asian, 16 years and over	14,420	9,053	62.8	8,706	60.4	347	3.8	5,366
With a certification or license(1)	2,295	2,042	89.0	2,002	87.2	40	1.9	253
With a certification, but no license	349	304	87.3	295	84.5	10	3.1	44
With a license(2)	1,947	1,738	89.3	1,707	87.7	30	1.7	209
Without a certification or license	12,125	7,012	57.8	6,704	55.3	307	4.4	5,113
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and over	39,617	26,126	65.9	24,400	61.6	1,726	6.6	13,491
With a certification or license(1)	4,487	3,987	88.9	3,838	85.5	148	3.7	500
With a certification, but no license	641	555	86.6	533	83.2	22	4.0	86
With a license(2)	3,846	3,432	89.2	3,305	85.9	126	3.7	415
Without a certification or license	35,131	22,139	63.0	20,561	58.5	1,578	7.1	12,991
Educational attainment
Total, 25 years and over	212,211	135,907	64.0	130,077	61.3	5,830	4.3	76,304
With a certification or license(1)	42,281	36,892	87.3	35,968	85.1	924	2.5	5,389
With a certification, but no license	5,108	4,449	87.1	4,303	84.2	146	3.3	659
With a license(2)	37,173	32,443	87.3	31,665	85.2	778	2.4	4,729
Without a certification or license	169,930	99,015	58.3	94,109	55.4	4,906	5.0	70,915
Less than a high school diploma	24,175	10,971	45.4	10,098	41.8	873	8.0	13,203
With a certification or license(1)	1,078	891	82.7	846	78.5	45	5.1	187
With a certification, but no license	148	117	79.1	109	73.8	8	6.8	31
With a license(2)	930	774	83.2	737	79.3	37	4.8	156
Without a certification or license	23,097	10,080	43.6	9,252	40.1	828	8.2	13,017
High school graduates, no college(3)	61,712	35,322	57.2	33,402	54.1	1,920	5.4	26,390
With a certification or license(1)	6,381	5,636	88.3	5,460	85.6	177	3.1	745
With a certification, but no license	816	717	87.9	691	84.7	26	3.6	98
With a license(2)	5,566	4,919	88.4	4,768	85.7	151	3.1	647
Without a certification or license	55,331	29,685	53.7	27,942	50.5	1,743	5.9	25,645
Some college or associate degree	56,263	37,481	66.6	35,785	63.6	1,695	4.5	18,782
With a certification or license(1)	12,098	10,497	86.8	10,141	83.8	356	3.4	1,601
With a certification, but no license	1,663	1,427	85.8	1,374	82.6	54	3.8	236
With a license(2)	10,435	9,070	86.9	8,767	84.0	303	3.3	1,365
Without a certification or license	44,165	26,984	61.1	25,645	58.1	1,339	5.0	17,181
Some college, no degree	35,326	22,706	64.3	21,573	61.1	1,134	5.0	12,619
With a certification or license(1)	6,082	5,218	85.8	5,019	82.5	198	3.8	864
With a certification, but no license	886	751	84.8	720	81.3	31	4.1	135
With a license(2)	5,195	4,466	86.0	4,299	82.7	167	3.7	729
Without a certification or license	29,244	17,489	59.8	16,554	56.6	935	5.3	11,755
Associate degree	20,937	14,774	70.6	14,213	67.9	562	3.8	6,163
With a certification or license(1)	6,016	5,279	87.8	5,121	85.1	158	3.0	737
With a certification, but no license	777	676	87.0	653	84.1	23	3.4	101
With a license(2)	5,239	4,603	87.9	4,468	85.3	135	2.9	636
Without a certification or license	14,921	9,495	63.6	9,091	60.9	404	4.3	5,426
Bachelor's degree and higher	70,061	52,133	74.4	50,792	72.5	1,341	2.6	17,928
With a certification or license(1)	22,723	19,868	87.4	19,522	85.9	346	1.7	2,856
With a certification, but no license	2,481	2,187	88.2	2,129	85.8	58	2.7	294
With a license(2)	20,243	17,681	87.3	17,393	85.9	287	1.6	2,562
Without a certification or license	47,338	32,265	68.2	31,270	66.1	995	3.1	15,072
Bachelor's degree only	44,086	32,684	74.1	31,772	72.1	912	2.8	11,402
With a certification or license(1)	11,151	9,822	88.1	9,644	86.5	178	1.8	1,328
With a certification, but no license	1,442	1,275	88.4	1,244	86.3	31	2.4	167
With a license(2)	9,709	8,548	88.0	8,401	86.5	147	1.7	1,161
Without a certification or license	32,935	22,862	69.4	22,128	67.2	734	3.2	10,074
Advanced degree(4)	25,975	19,449	74.9	19,020	73.2	429	2.2	6,526
With a certification or license(1)	11,573	10,045	86.8	9,878	85.4	168	1.7	1,528
With a certification, but no license	1,039	912	87.8	885	85.2	27	3.0	127
With a license(2)	10,534	9,133	86.7	8,993	85.4	140	1.5	1,401
Without a certification or license	14,402	9,404	65.3	9,142	63.5	261	2.8	4,999
Footnotes: (1) A person may have more than one certification or license. (2) Persons with a license may also have a certification. (3) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (4) Includes persons with master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Certifications are issued by a non-governmental certification body and convey that an individual has the knowledge or skill to perform a specific job. A license is awarded by a government agency and conveys a legal authority to work in an occupation. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Last Modified Date: April 27, 2017