Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	2024
	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Some college or associate degree			Bachelor's degree and higher
	Less than a high school diploma	High school graduates, no college(1)	Total	Some college, no degree	Associate degree	Total(2)	Bachelor's degree only	Advanced degree
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	19,295	63,705	56,987	32,179	24,808	89,612	55,131	34,481
Civilian labor force	9,153	36,257	35,839	19,489	16,350	65,080	39,897	25,183
Participation rate	47.4	56.9	62.9	60.6	65.9	72.6	72.4	73.0
Employed	8,589	34,725	34,627	18,740	15,887	63,571	38,885	24,686
Employment-population ratio	44.5	54.5	60.8	58.2	64.0	70.9	70.5	71.6
Unemployed	563	1,532	1,212	749	463	1,509	1,012	497
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.2	3.4	3.8	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.0
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,945	32,796	26,728	15,614	11,113	41,818	26,014	15,804
Civilian labor force	5,954	21,627	18,463	10,469	7,993	31,852	20,033	11,819
Participation rate	59.9	65.9	69.1	67.1	71.9	76.2	77.0	74.8
Employed	5,623	20,723	17,844	10,080	7,764	31,120	19,522	11,598
Employment-population ratio	56.5	63.2	66.8	64.6	69.9	74.4	75.0	73.4
Unemployed	332	903	619	390	229	732	511	221
Unemployment rate	5.6	4.2	3.4	3.7	2.9	2.3	2.6	1.9
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,350	30,909	30,260	16,565	13,694	47,793	29,117	18,676
Civilian labor force	3,198	14,630	17,377	9,020	8,357	33,228	19,864	13,364
Participation rate	34.2	47.3	57.4	54.5	61.0	69.5	68.2	71.6
Employed	2,966	14,002	16,783	8,660	8,123	32,451	19,363	13,088
Employment-population ratio	31.7	45.3	55.5	52.3	59.3	67.9	66.5	70.1
Unemployed	232	628	593	360	234	777	501	276
Unemployment rate	7.2	4.3	3.4	4.0	2.8	2.3	2.5	2.1
White
Civilian noninstitutional population	14,654	49,060	44,276	24,689	19,587	68,806	42,848	25,957
Civilian labor force	7,231	27,620	27,187	14,515	12,673	49,065	30,614	18,451
Participation rate	49.3	56.3	61.4	58.8	64.7	71.3	71.4	71.1
Employed	6,818	26,604	26,359	14,014	12,345	48,014	29,895	18,119
Employment-population ratio	46.5	54.2	59.5	56.8	63.0	69.8	69.8	69.8
Unemployed	414	1,017	828	500	328	1,051	719	332
Unemployment rate	5.7	3.7	3.0	3.4	2.6	2.1	2.3	1.8
Black or African American
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,596	9,526	8,295	5,055	3,240	8,878	5,538	3,340
Civilian labor force	1,015	5,584	5,734	3,415	2,319	6,884	4,315	2,569
Participation rate	39.1	58.6	69.1	67.5	71.6	77.5	77.9	76.9
Employed	919	5,212	5,465	3,231	2,234	6,676	4,171	2,505
Employment-population ratio	35.4	54.7	65.9	63.9	68.9	75.2	75.3	75.0
Unemployed	96	372	269	184	86	208	144	64
Unemployment rate	9.5	6.7	4.7	5.4	3.7	3.0	3.3	2.5
Asian
Civilian noninstitutional population	1,150	2,724	2,115	1,092	1,023	9,580	5,215	4,365
Civilian labor force	457	1,532	1,374	672	702	7,270	3,758	3,512
Participation rate	39.7	56.2	65.0	61.5	68.6	75.9	72.1	80.5
Employed	441	1,490	1,323	644	679	7,072	3,645	3,427
Employment-population ratio	38.3	54.7	62.6	59.0	66.4	73.8	69.9	78.5
Unemployed	16	42	51	28	23	198	113	84
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.7	3.7	4.1	3.3	2.7	3.0	2.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,388	12,766	8,098	4,719	3,379	8,836	6,129	2,706
Civilian labor force	5,514	8,883	6,040	3,466	2,574	7,028	4,864	2,164
Participation rate	58.7	69.6	74.6	73.5	76.2	79.5	79.4	80.0
Employed	5,194	8,502	5,812	3,331	2,481	6,828	4,709	2,119
Employment-population ratio	55.3	66.6	71.8	70.6	73.4	77.3	76.8	78.3
Unemployed	320	381	228	136	92	200	156	44
Unemployment rate	5.8	4.3	3.8	3.9	3.6	2.8	3.2	2.0
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor`s, master`s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: January 29, 2025