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Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry

(See other file formats and annual average tables or tables for other years.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry	2024					2025
	Total employed	Members of unions(1)		Represented by unions(2)		Total employed	Members of unions(1)		Represented by unions(2)
	Total employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total employed	Total	Percent of employed	Total	Percent of employed
Total wage and salary workers	144,522	14,255	9.9	16,023	11.1	146,661	14,665	10.0	16,486	11.2

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations	62,800	6,472	10.3	7,447	11.9	63,300	6,632	10.5	7,571	12.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	25,560	1,051	4.1	1,293	5.1	25,632	1,105	4.3	1,358	5.3
Management occupations	16,411	689	4.2	825	5.0	16,548	678	4.1	832	5.0
Business and financial operations occupations	9,149	362	4.0	468	5.1	9,084	427	4.7	526	5.8
Professional and related occupations	37,240	5,421	14.6	6,153	16.5	37,668	5,527	14.7	6,213	16.5
Computer and mathematical occupations	6,196	228	3.7	291	4.7	6,517	239	3.7	285	4.4
Architecture and engineering occupations	3,432	195	5.7	249	7.3	3,593	232	6.4	278	7.7
Life, physical, and social science occupations	1,733	184	10.6	201	11.6	1,794	193	10.7	228	12.7
Community and social service occupations	2,780	378	13.6	425	15.3	2,656	385	14.5	421	15.9
Legal occupations	1,550	84	5.4	108	7.0	1,598	116	7.3	136	8.5
Education, training, and library occupations	9,351	3,016	32.3	3,346	35.8	9,365	3,039	32.5	3,365	35.9
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	2,358	152	6.5	184	7.8	2,392	158	6.6	182	7.6
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	9,839	1,184	12.0	1,351	13.7	9,752	1,166	12.0	1,319	13.5
Service occupations	23,707	2,182	9.2	2,430	10.3	24,552	2,326	9.5	2,618	10.7
Healthcare support occupations	5,157	424	8.2	477	9.3	5,530	483	8.7	566	10.2
Protective service occupations	3,070	908	29.6	998	32.5	3,327	1,042	31.3	1,136	34.1
Food preparation and serving related occupations	7,860	310	3.9	353	4.5	8,074	300	3.7	351	4.3
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	4,807	419	8.7	465	9.7	4,702	386	8.2	431	9.2
Personal care and service occupations	2,813	121	4.3	136	4.9	2,919	116	4.0	135	4.6
Sales and office occupations	27,032	1,614	6.0	1,835	6.8	27,970	1,685	6.0	1,941	6.9
Sales and related occupations	11,929	325	2.7	391	3.3	12,208	308	2.5	382	3.1
Office and administrative support occupations	15,104	1,289	8.5	1,444	9.6	15,762	1,376	8.7	1,560	9.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12,243	1,638	13.4	1,761	14.4	12,251	1,712	14.0	1,833	15.0
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	881	13	1.5	13	1.5	871	21	2.4	24	2.7
Construction and extraction occupations	6,939	1,068	15.4	1,140	16.4	6,850	1,124	16.4	1,195	17.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,422	558	12.6	608	13.7	4,529	567	12.5	614	13.6
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,740	2,348	12.5	2,550	13.6	18,588	2,310	12.4	2,523	13.6
Production occupations	7,697	894	11.6	979	12.7	7,504	890	11.9	958	12.8
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,044	1,454	13.2	1,571	14.2	11,084	1,420	12.8	1,565	14.1

INDUSTRY
Private sector	122,684	7,230	5.9	8,216	6.7	124,561	7,384	5.9	8,443	6.8
Agriculture and related industries	1,287	18	1.4	19	1.5	1,243	19	1.6	19	1.6
Nonagricultural industries	121,397	7,212	5.9	8,197	6.8	123,318	7,365	6.0	8,423	6.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	538	35	6.6	40	7.5	487	23	4.7	30	6.1
Construction	8,894	916	10.3	994	11.2	9,000	995	11.1	1,078	12.0
Manufacturing	14,338	1,124	7.8	1,244	8.7	14,371	1,107	7.7	1,210	8.4
Durable goods	9,213	713	7.7	786	8.5	9,328	694	7.4	767	8.2
Nondurable goods	5,125	411	8.0	458	8.9	5,043	413	8.2	443	8.8
Wholesale and retail trade	17,986	731	4.1	844	4.7	18,072	780	4.3	901	5.0
Wholesale trade	2,955	136	4.6	156	5.3	2,676	157	5.8	171	6.4
Retail trade	15,031	596	4.0	687	4.6	15,396	623	4.0	729	4.7
Transportation and utilities	7,540	1,221	16.2	1,307	17.3	7,815	1,119	14.3	1,216	15.6
Transportation and warehousing	6,387	1,006	15.8	1,079	16.9	6,558	895	13.6	979	14.9
Utilities	1,153	215	18.7	229	19.8	1,257	224	17.8	236	18.8
Information(3)	2,354	156	6.6	180	7.6	2,376	158	6.6	182	7.6
Publishing, except Internet	503	17	3.3	17	3.4	381	13	3.5	13	3.5
Motion pictures and sound recording industries	356	30	8.4	36	10.2	395	44	11.0	51	12.8
Broadcasting and content providers	-	-	-	-	-	449	24	5.2	28	6.2
Telecommunications	770	69	9.0	83	10.7	724	69	9.6	79	10.9
Financial activities	9,231	122	1.3	170	1.8	9,633	147	1.5	190	2.0
Finance and insurance	7,149	67	0.9	102	1.4	7,453	72	1.0	102	1.4
Finance	4,540	37	0.8	65	1.4	4,746	40	0.8	54	1.1
Insurance	2,609	31	1.2	37	1.4	2,707	32	1.2	48	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,082	55	2.6	68	3.3	2,181	74	3.4	87	4.0
Professional and business services	17,247	348	2.0	476	2.8	17,700	368	2.1	492	2.8
Professional and technical services	11,304	131	1.2	211	1.9	11,946	154	1.3	235	2.0
Management, administrative, and waste services	5,943	218	3.7	265	4.5	5,755	214	3.7	257	4.5
Education and health services	24,877	2,027	8.1	2,333	9.4	25,522	2,087	8.2	2,445	9.6
Educational services	5,207	689	13.2	805	15.5	5,343	717	13.4	839	15.7
Health care and social assistance	19,670	1,337	6.8	1,528	7.8	20,179	1,370	6.8	1,606	8.0
Leisure and hospitality	12,458	370	3.0	425	3.4	12,211	367	3.0	433	3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,467	146	5.9	167	6.8	2,402	129	5.4	147	6.1
Accommodation and food services	9,991	224	2.2	258	2.6	9,809	238	2.4	286	2.9
Accommodation	1,155	84	7.2	93	8.0	1,117	84	7.6	93	8.3
Food services and drinking places	8,836	140	1.6	165	1.9	8,692	153	1.8	194	2.2
Other services(3)	5,933	160	2.7	184	3.1	6,130	215	3.5	248	4.0
Other services, except private households	5,301	152	2.9	172	3.3	5,540	209	3.8	239	4.3
Public sector	21,838	7,025	32.2	7,807	35.7	22,100	7,280	32.9	8,043	36.4
Federal government	4,170	1,056	25.3	1,246	29.9	4,131	1,124	27.2	1,286	31.1
State government	7,524	2,096	27.9	2,364	31.4	7,783	2,304	29.6	2,544	32.7
Local government	10,144	3,873	38.2	4,197	41.4	10,186	3,853	37.8	4,213	41.4
Footnotes (1) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (2) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. (3) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Last Modified Date: February 20, 2026