Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Bureau of Labor Statistics > Current Population Survey > Home

(See other file formats and annual average tables or tables for other years.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry	2025
	Workers paid hourly rates
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Number	Percent of hourly-paid workers
Total wage and salary workers	81,548	765	79	844	1.0

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations	20,440	51	8	59	0.3
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	6,332	10	3	13	0.2
Management occupations	3,775	8	3	12	0.3
Business and financial operations occupations	2,557	2	0	2	0.1
Professional and related occupations	14,108	41	5	46	0.3
Computer and mathematical occupations	1,408	2	0	2	0.1
Architecture and engineering occupations	1,114	5	0	5	0.5
Life, physical, and social science occupations	634	2	0	2	0.3
Community and social service occupations	1,001	6	1	7	0.7
Legal occupations	362	0	0	0	0.0
Education, training, and library occupations	2,871	10	3	14	0.5
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	897	3	0	3	0.3
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	5,821	13	0	13	0.2
Service occupations	19,845	613	37	651	3.3
Healthcare support occupations	4,711	15	1	16	0.3
Protective service occupations	2,224	9	5	14	0.6
Food preparation and serving related occupations	7,180	510	26	536	7.5
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	3,772	23	2	25	0.7
Personal care and service occupations	1,958	56	3	59	3.0
Sales and office occupations	17,375	43	18	61	0.4
Sales and related occupations	6,888	30	9	39	0.6
Office and administrative support occupations	10,486	13	9	23	0.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	9,191	20	6	26	0.3
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	687	3	4	7	1.0
Construction and extraction occupations	5,114	9	0	9	0.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	3,390	8	2	10	0.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	14,698	37	9	46	0.3
Production occupations	6,220	12	0	13	0.2
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,477	25	8	34	0.4

INDUSTRY
Private sector	71,420	728	75	802	1.1
Agriculture and related industries	874	0	4	4	0.4
Nonagricultural industries	70,546	728	71	799	1.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	282	1	0	1	0.4
Construction	5,655	9	2	11	0.2
Manufacturing	8,440	22	4	26	0.3
Durable goods	5,352	6	0	6	0.1
Nondurable goods	3,088	15	4	19	0.6
Wholesale and retail trade	12,501	43	13	56	0.4
Wholesale trade	1,335	8	2	10	0.7
Retail trade	11,166	35	12	46	0.4
Transportation and utilities	4,515	20	3	23	0.5
Transportation and warehousing	3,861	18	3	21	0.6
Utilities	653	2	0	2	0.3
Information(1)	769	4	0	4	0.6
Publishing, except Internet	88	0	0	0	0.0
Motion pictures and sound recording industries	174	2	0	2	1.2
Broadcasting and content providers	130	2	0	2	1.6
Telecommunications	290	0	0	0	0.0
Financial activities	3,248	1	0	1	0.0
Finance and insurance	2,298	1	0	1	0.0
Finance	1,405	1	0	1	0.0
Insurance	893	0	0	0	0.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	950	0	0	0	0.0
Professional and business services	6,980	25	2	27	0.4
Professional and technical services	3,297	6	0	6	0.2
Management, administrative, and waste services	3,683	20	2	22	0.6
Education and health services	15,139	42	15	57	0.4
Educational services	1,959	3	10	13	0.7
Health care and social assistance	13,180	39	4	43	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	9,702	525	30	555	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,582	27	1	28	1.8
Accommodation and food services	8,120	498	29	527	6.5
Accommodation	803	10	2	12	1.5
Food services and drinking places	7,317	487	27	515	7.0
Other services	3,315	36	2	38	1.1
Other services, except private households	2,875	32	2	34	1.2
Private households	441	4	0	4	0.9
Public sector	10,128	37	4	41	0.4
Federal government	2,009	5	1	6	0.3
State government	3,188	11	3	14	0.4
Local government	4,931	21	0	21	0.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2025. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Annual estimates for 2025 are 11-month averages that exclude October. (Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.) As a result, 2025 annual estimates are not strictly comparable with annual averages for other years.

Last Modified Date: February 20, 2026