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Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey

(See other file formats and annual average tables or tables for other years.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry 2024
Workers paid hourly rates
Total Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below prevailing
Federal minimum
wage
Number Percent of
hourly-paid
workers

Total wage and salary workers

80,348 760 82 843 1.0

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations

20,452 87 6 93 0.5

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

6,345 47 1 48 0.8

Management occupations

3,686 30 1 31 0.8

Business and financial operations occupations

2,658 18 0 18 0.7

Professional and related occupations

14,107 40 5 45 0.3

Computer and mathematical occupations

1,374 7 0 7 0.5

Architecture and engineering occupations

1,071 4 0 4 0.4

Life, physical, and social science occupations

530 3 0 3 0.6

Community and social service occupations

1,076 4 0 4 0.4

Legal occupations

334 0 0 0 0.0

Education, training, and library occupations

2,833 6 5 11 0.4

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

944 3 0 3 0.3

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

5,945 12 0 12 0.2

Service occupations

19,011 563 48 612 3.2

Healthcare support occupations

4,367 22 3 25 0.6

Protective service occupations

2,092 22 0 22 1.0

Food preparation and serving related occupations

6,896 451 38 489 7.1

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

3,775 18 4 22 0.6

Personal care and service occupations

1,880 50 3 54 2.8

Sales and office occupations

16,876 39 19 58 0.3

Sales and related occupations

6,766 23 15 38 0.6

Office and administrative support occupations

10,110 16 4 20 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

9,094 13 2 15 0.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

641 8 1 9 1.4

Construction and extraction occupations

5,155 0 0 0 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

3,299 6 1 6 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

14,914 57 7 64 0.4

Production occupations

6,411 18 1 18 0.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

8,503 40 6 46 0.5

INDUSTRY

Private sector

70,604 721 77 798 1.1

Agriculture and related industries

864 11 2 12 1.4

Nonagricultural industries

69,740 710 75 785 1.1

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

318 0 0 0 0.0

Construction

5,620 0 0 0 0.0

Manufacturing

8,448 25 2 27 0.3

Durable goods

5,290 15 0 15 0.3

Nondurable goods

3,158 10 2 12 0.4

Wholesale and retail trade

12,320 35 13 48 0.4

Wholesale trade

1,461 1 1 2 0.1

Retail trade

10,859 34 12 46 0.4

Transportation and utilities

4,390 17 2 19 0.4

Transportation and warehousing

3,804 17 2 19 0.5

Utilities

586 0 0 0 0.0

Information(1)

772 4 0 4 0.5

Publishing, except Internet

102 0 0 0 0.0

Motion pictures and sound recording industries

157 0 0 0 0.2

Broadcasting (except internet)

92 3 0 3 3.0

Telecommunications

314 1 0 1 0.4

Financial activities

3,271 10 1 11 0.3

Finance and insurance

2,364 6 1 7 0.3

Finance

1,426 2 0 2 0.1

Insurance

938 4 1 5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing

907 4 0 4 0.5

Professional and business services

6,851 39 2 41 0.6

Professional and technical services

3,078 18 1 19 0.6

Management, administrative, and waste services

3,773 21 1 22 0.6

Education and health services

14,842 54 5 58 0.4

Educational services

1,941 13 2 14 0.7

Health care and social assistance

12,901 41 3 44 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

9,758 501 50 551 5.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,663 31 2 33 2.0

Accommodation and food services

8,094 470 48 518 6.4

Accommodation

839 6 3 10 1.2

Food services and drinking places

7,256 463 45 508 7.0

Other services

3,150 26 1 26 0.8

Other services, except private households

2,684 25 1 26 1.0

Private households

465 1 0 1 0.2

Public sector

9,744 39 6 45 0.5

Federal government

1,982 12 1 13 0.6

State government

2,985 10 3 14 0.5

Local government

4,777 17 1 19 0.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2024. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: 01/29/2025