Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry

(See other file formats and annual average tables or tables for other years.)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry	2024
	Workers paid hourly rates
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
	Total	Below prevailing Federal minimum wage	At prevailing Federal minimum wage	Number	Percent of hourly-paid workers
Total wage and salary workers	80,348	760	82	843	1.0

OCCUPATION
Management, professional, and related occupations	20,452	87	6	93	0.5
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	6,345	47	1	48	0.8
Management occupations	3,686	30	1	31	0.8
Business and financial operations occupations	2,658	18	0	18	0.7
Professional and related occupations	14,107	40	5	45	0.3
Computer and mathematical occupations	1,374	7	0	7	0.5
Architecture and engineering occupations	1,071	4	0	4	0.4
Life, physical, and social science occupations	530	3	0	3	0.6
Community and social service occupations	1,076	4	0	4	0.4
Legal occupations	334	0	0	0	0.0
Education, training, and library occupations	2,833	6	5	11	0.4
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations	944	3	0	3	0.3
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations	5,945	12	0	12	0.2
Service occupations	19,011	563	48	612	3.2
Healthcare support occupations	4,367	22	3	25	0.6
Protective service occupations	2,092	22	0	22	1.0
Food preparation and serving related occupations	6,896	451	38	489	7.1
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations	3,775	18	4	22	0.6
Personal care and service occupations	1,880	50	3	54	2.8
Sales and office occupations	16,876	39	19	58	0.3
Sales and related occupations	6,766	23	15	38	0.6
Office and administrative support occupations	10,110	16	4	20	0.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	9,094	13	2	15	0.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	641	8	1	9	1.4
Construction and extraction occupations	5,155	0	0	0	0.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	3,299	6	1	6	0.2
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	14,914	57	7	64	0.4
Production occupations	6,411	18	1	18	0.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,503	40	6	46	0.5

INDUSTRY
Private sector	70,604	721	77	798	1.1
Agriculture and related industries	864	11	2	12	1.4
Nonagricultural industries	69,740	710	75	785	1.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	318	0	0	0	0.0
Construction	5,620	0	0	0	0.0
Manufacturing	8,448	25	2	27	0.3
Durable goods	5,290	15	0	15	0.3
Nondurable goods	3,158	10	2	12	0.4
Wholesale and retail trade	12,320	35	13	48	0.4
Wholesale trade	1,461	1	1	2	0.1
Retail trade	10,859	34	12	46	0.4
Transportation and utilities	4,390	17	2	19	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	3,804	17	2	19	0.5
Utilities	586	0	0	0	0.0
Information(1)	772	4	0	4	0.5
Publishing, except Internet	102	0	0	0	0.0
Motion pictures and sound recording industries	157	0	0	0	0.2
Broadcasting (except internet)	92	3	0	3	3.0
Telecommunications	314	1	0	1	0.4
Financial activities	3,271	10	1	11	0.3
Finance and insurance	2,364	6	1	7	0.3
Finance	1,426	2	0	2	0.1
Insurance	938	4	1	5	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	907	4	0	4	0.5
Professional and business services	6,851	39	2	41	0.6
Professional and technical services	3,078	18	1	19	0.6
Management, administrative, and waste services	3,773	21	1	22	0.6
Education and health services	14,842	54	5	58	0.4
Educational services	1,941	13	2	14	0.7
Health care and social assistance	12,901	41	3	44	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	9,758	501	50	551	5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,663	31	2	33	2.0
Accommodation and food services	8,094	470	48	518	6.4
Accommodation	839	6	3	10	1.2
Food services and drinking places	7,256	463	45	508	7.0
Other services	3,150	26	1	26	0.8
Other services, except private households	2,684	25	1	26	1.0
Private households	465	1	0	1	0.2
Public sector	9,744	39	6	45	0.5
Federal government	1,982	12	1	13	0.6
State government	2,985	10	3	14	0.5
Local government	4,777	17	1	19	0.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2024. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: 01/29/2025