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Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, 2003 annual averages:
Characteristic | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
AGE AND SEX | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
16 to 24 years | 15,871 | 1,106 | 330 | 776 | 21.8 | 52.7 | 60.6 | 49.9 | 7.0 | 2.1 | 4.9 |
16 to 19 years | 5,412 | 534 | 212 | 322 | 7.4 | 25.4 | 38.9 | 20.7 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 5.9 |
25 years and over | 57,075 | 995 | 215 | 780 | 78.2 | 47.4 | 39.4 | 50.2 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
Men, 16 years and over | 35,853 | 706 | 213 | 493 | 49.2 | 33.6 | 39.1 | 31.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
16 to 24 years | 8,031 | 391 | 154 | 237 | 11.0 | 18.6 | 28.3 | 15.2 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 3.0 |
16 to 19 years | 2,608 | 205 | 109 | 96 | 3.6 | 9.8 | 20.0 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 4.2 | 3.7 |
25 years and over | 27,823 | 314 | 58 | 256 | 38.1 | 15.0 | 10.6 | 16.5 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
Women, 16 years and over | 37,093 | 1,394 | 332 | 1,062 | 50.8 | 66.4 | 60.9 | 68.3 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 2.9 |
16 to 24 years | 7,841 | 713 | 175 | 538 | 10.7 | 34.0 | 32.1 | 34.6 | 9.1 | 2.2 | 6.9 |
16 to 19 years | 2,804 | 329 | 103 | 226 | 3.8 | 15.7 | 18.9 | 14.5 | 11.7 | 3.7 | 8.1 |
25 years and over | 29,252 | 681 | 157 | 524 | 40.1 | 32.4 | 28.8 | 33.7 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
RACE, SEX, AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN | |||||||||||
White (1) | 59,109 | 1,746 | 421 | 1,325 | 81.0 | 83.1 | 77.2 | 85.2 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
Men | 29,441 | 553 | 163 | 390 | 40.4 | 26.3 | 29.9 | 25.1 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
Women | 29,668 | 1,192 | 257 | 935 | 40.7 | 56.8 | 47.2 | 60.1 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 3.2 |
Black (1) | 9,419 | 250 | 105 | 145 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 19.3 | 9.3 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
Men | 4,246 | 112 | 41 | 71 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 7.5 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.7 |
Women | 5,173 | 138 | 64 | 74 | 7.1 | 6.6 | 11.7 | 4.8 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Asian (1) | 2,528 | 51 | 5 | 46 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 |
Men | 1,208 | 22 | 2 | 20 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
Women | 1,320 | 29 | 3 | 26 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 2.0 |
Hispanic or Latino (1) | 11,462 | 308 | 94 | 214 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 17.2 | 13.8 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 1.9 |
Men | 6,775 | 128 | 39 | 89 | 9.3 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 1.3 |
Women | 4,687 | 180 | 55 | 125 | 6.4 | 8.6 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 |
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX | |||||||||||
Full-time workers (2) | 54,887 | 795 | 156 | 639 | 75.2 | 37.9 | 28.6 | 41.1 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
Men | 30,141 | 303 | 60 | 243 | 41.3 | 14.4 | 11.0 | 15.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
Women | 24,745 | 493 | 97 | 396 | 33.9 | 23.5 | 17.8 | 25.5 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
Part-time workers (2) | 17,932 | 1,298 | 388 | 910 | 24.6 | 61.8 | 71.2 | 58.5 | 7.2 | 2.2 | 5.1 |
Men | 5,651 | 402 | 153 | 249 | 7.7 | 19.1 | 28.1 | 16.0 | 7.1 | 2.7 | 4.4 |
Women | 12,282 | 896 | 235 | 661 | 16.8 | 42.7 | 43.1 | 42.5 | 7.3 | 1.9 | 5.4 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
1 Beginning in 2003, the race categories include persons who selected one race only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Detail for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) will not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as race.
2 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
Region and division | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Northeast | 12,876 | 412 | 82 | 330 | 17.7 | 19.6 | 15.0 | 21.2 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 2.6 |
New England | 3,745 | 82 | 10 | 72 | 5.1 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 1.9 |
Middle Atlantic | 9,131 | 330 | 72 | 258 | 12.5 | 15.7 | 13.2 | 16.6 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 2.8 |
Midwest | 18,623 | 546 | 127 | 419 | 25.5 | 26.0 | 23.3 | 26.9 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
East North Central | 12,875 | 376 | 77 | 299 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 14.1 | 19.2 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 2.3 |
West North Central | 5,748 | 170 | 50 | 120 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 2.1 |
South | 24,875 | 889 | 270 | 619 | 34.1 | 42.3 | 49.5 | 39.8 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 2.5 |
South Atlantic | 12,668 | 399 | 102 | 297 | 17.4 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 19.1 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 2.3 |
East South Central | 4,362 | 142 | 47 | 95 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2.2 |
West South Central | 7,845 | 347 | 120 | 227 | 10.8 | 16.5 | 22.0 | 14.6 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 2.9 |
West | 16,572 | 254 | 67 | 187 | 22.7 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.0 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
Mountain | 4,942 | 163 | 57 | 106 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 10.5 | 6.8 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 2.1 |
Pacific | 11,631 | 91 | 10 | 81 | 15.9 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
NOTE: Data exclude the incorporated self employed. The four major regions and nine census divisions of the United States are as follows:
State | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Alabama | 1,112 | 30 | 11 | 19 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 1.7 |
Alaska | 191 | 1 | - | 1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | - | 0.1 | 0.5 | - | 0.5 |
Arizona | 1,320 | 48 | 13 | 35 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 2.7 |
Arkansas | 644 | 23 | 11 | 12 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 |
California | 8,537 | 59 | 5 | 54 | 11.7 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
Colorado | 1,139 | 32 | 5 | 27 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 2.4 |
Connecticut | 840 | 17 | 1 | 16 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.9 |
Delaware | 206 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
District of Columbia | 116 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
Florida | 3,886 | 133 | 33 | 100 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 2.6 |
Georgia | 1,921 | 55 | 16 | 39 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
Hawaii | 309 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
Idaho | 368 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 2.4 |
Illinois | 3,111 | 71 | 19 | 52 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 0.6 | 1.7 |
Indiana | 1,787 | 46 | 6 | 40 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.3 | 2.2 |
Iowa | 890 | 23 | 8 | 15 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 1.7 |
Kansas | 761 | 23 | 5 | 18 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 2.4 |
Kentucky | 1,103 | 36 | 10 | 26 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 2.4 |
Louisiana | 1,083 | 48 | 20 | 28 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 2.6 |
Maine | 392 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
Maryland | 1,334 | 28 | 6 | 22 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
Massachusetts | 1,661 | 37 | 4 | 33 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 2.0 |
Michigan | 2,842 | 95 | 13 | 82 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 2.4 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 2.9 |
Minnesota | 1,553 | 32 | 10 | 22 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
Mississippi | 702 | 28 | 13 | 15 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 2.1 |
Missouri | 1,586 | 58 | 13 | 45 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 2.8 |
Montana | 252 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 1.6 |
Nebraska | 533 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
Nevada | 580 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.7 |
New Hampshire | 367 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
New Jersey | 1,810 | 75 | 11 | 64 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
New Mexico | 471 | 25 | 13 | 12 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 5.3 | 2.8 | 2.5 |
New York | 4,077 | 164 | 40 | 124 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 |
North Carolina | 2,086 | 70 | 19 | 51 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 2.4 |
North Dakota | 192 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 |
Ohio | 3,306 | 113 | 28 | 85 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 2.6 |
Oklahoma | 860 | 41 | 15 | 26 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 1.7 | 3.0 |
Oregon | 947 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 1.1 |
Pennsylvania | 3,243 | 91 | 21 | 70 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 2.2 |
Rhode Island | 310 | 7 | - | 7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | - | 0.5 | 2.3 | - | 2.3 |
South Carolina | 980 | 39 | 14 | 25 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 2.6 |
South Dakota | 232 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 2.6 |
Tennesee | 1,445 | 47 | 12 | 35 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 2.4 |
Texas | 5,258 | 235 | 74 | 161 | 7.2 | 11.2 | 13.6 | 10.4 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 3.1 |
Utah | 664 | 19 | 8 | 11 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.7 |
Vermont | 175 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 2.3 |
Virginia | 1,688 | 47 | 2 | 45 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 2.7 |
Washington | 1,646 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
West Virginia | 452 | 19 | 10 | 9 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 4.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 |
Wisconsin | 1,829 | 50 | 11 | 39 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 2.1 |
Wyoming | 148 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and are therefore subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to clearly determine whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning an hourly wage of $5.15 may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Dash represents zero.
Occupation (1) | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Management, professional, and related occupations | 13,588 | 95 | 33 | 62 | 18.6 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Management, business, and financial operations occupations | 3,640 | 26 | 7 | 19 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Professional and related occupations | 9,949 | 69 | 26 | 43 | 13.6 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Service occupations | 15,887 | 1,521 | 277 | 1,244 | 21.8 | 72.4 | 50.8 | 80.0 | 9.6 | 1.7 | 7.8 |
Healthcare support occupations | 2,431 | 59 | 18 | 41 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 1.7 |
Protective service occupations | 1,688 | 30 | 5 | 25 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 1.5 |
Food preparation and serving related occupations | 6,247 | 1,158 | 159 | 999 | 8.6 | 55.1 | 29.2 | 64.2 | 18.5 | 2.5 | 16.0 |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations | 3,445 | 111 | 48 | 63 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
Personal care and service occupations | 2,076 | 162 | 47 | 115 | 2.8 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 2.3 | 5.5 |
Sales and office occupations | 20,649 | 287 | 154 | 133 | 28.3 | 13.7 | 28.3 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Sales and related occupations | 7,379 | 146 | 72 | 74 | 10.1 | 7.0 | 13.2 | 4.8 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Office and administrative support occupations | 13,270 | 141 | 82 | 59 | 18.2 | 6.7 | 15.0 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations | 9,121 | 66 | 26 | 40 | 12.5 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations | 598 | 23 | 10 | 13 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
Construction and extraction occupations | 5,111 | 21 | 5 | 16 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations | 3,412 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations | 13,700 | 132 | 55 | 77 | 18.8 | 6.3 | 10.1 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
Production occupations | 7,799 | 54 | 23 | 31 | 10.7 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Transportation and material moving occupations | 5,901 | 77 | 32 | 45 | 8.1 | 3.7 | 5.9 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
1 Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational classification system.
Industry (1) | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Private sector | 63,945 | 1,986 | 492 | 1,494 | 87.7 | 94.6 | 90.3 | 96.1 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 2.3 |
Agriculture and related industries | 639 | 27 | 12 | 15 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 4.2 | 1.9 | 2.3 |
Nonagricultural industries | 63,306 | 1,959 | 480 | 1,479 | 86.8 | 93.3 | 88.1 | 95.1 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 2.3 |
Mining | 310 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Construction | 5,132 | 27 | 6 | 21 | 7.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Manufacturing | 10,621 | 58 | 14 | 44 | 14.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Durable goods manufacturing | 6,548 | 26 | 3 | 23 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Nondurable goods manufacturing | 4,073 | 33 | 12 | 21 | 5.6 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Wholesale and retail trade | 12,173 | 189 | 87 | 102 | 16.7 | 9.0 | 16.0 | 6.6 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Wholesale trade | 1,902 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Retail trade | 10,270 | 177 | 81 | 96 | 14.1 | 8.4 | 14.9 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
Transportation and utilities | 2,881 | 20 | 9 | 11 | 3.9 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Information | 1,587 | 27 | 15 | 12 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Financial activities | 3,433 | 27 | 10 | 17 | 4.7 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
Professional and business services | 5,274 | 65 | 35 | 30 | 7.2 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
Education and health services | 10,926 | 177 | 67 | 110 | 15.0 | 8.4 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | 8,093 | 1,240 | 199 | 1,041 | 11.1 | 59.0 | 36.5 | 66.9 | 15.3 | 2.5 | 12.9 |
Other services | 2,877 | 129 | 38 | 91 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 1.3 | 3.2 |
Public sector | 9,001 | 114 | 52 | 62 | 12.3 | 5.4 | 9.5 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
Federal | 1,734 | 17 | 6 | 11 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
State | 2,303 | 38 | 24 | 14 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
Local | 4,964 | 58 | 22 | 36 | 6.8 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Dash represents zero.
1 Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system.
Educational attainment | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Less than a high school diploma | 12,405 | 620 | 245 | 375 | 17.0 | 29.5 | 45.0 | 24.1 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 |
Less than 1 year of high school | 3,338 | 103 | 34 | 69 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 |
1 to 3 years of high school | 7,765 | 468 | 196 | 272 | 10.6 | 22.3 | 36.0 | 17.5 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 |
4 years of high school, no diploma | 1,302 | 50 | 15 | 35 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 2.7 |
High school graduates or more | 60,541 | 1,479 | 299 | 1,180 | 83.0 | 70.4 | 54.9 | 75.9 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
High school graduates, no college | 26,944 | 617 | 131 | 486 | 36.9 | 29.4 | 24.0 | 31.3 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
Some college or associate degree | 23,640 | 700 | 146 | 554 | 32.4 | 33.3 | 26.8 | 35.6 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 2.3 |
Some college, no degree | 16,504 | 595 | 126 | 469 | 22.6 | 28.3 | 23.1 | 30.2 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 2.8 |
Associate degree | 7,136 | 105 | 20 | 85 | 9.8 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
Occupational program | 3,948 | 45 | 13 | 32 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
Academic program | 3,188 | 60 | 7 | 53 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
College graduates, total | 9,957 | 163 | 23 | 140 | 13.6 | 7.8 | 4.2 | 9.0 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
Bachelor's degree | 7,956 | 142 | 20 | 122 | 10.9 | 6.8 | 3.7 | 7.8 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 1.5 |
Master's degree | 1,585 | 18 | 2 | 16 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
Professional degree | 284 | 1 | - | 1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | - | 0.1 | 0.4 | - | 0.4 |
Doctoral degree | 132 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Dash represents zero.
Age and sex | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
BOTH SEXES | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Under 25 years | 15,871 | 1,106 | 330 | 776 | 21.8 | 52.7 | 60.6 | 49.9 | 7.0 | 2.1 | 4.9 |
16 to 19 years | 5,412 | 534 | 212 | 322 | 7.4 | 25.4 | 38.9 | 20.7 | 9.9 | 3.9 | 5.9 |
20 to 24 years | 10,460 | 570 | 117 | 453 | 14.3 | 27.1 | 21.5 | 29.1 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 4.3 |
25 years and over | 57,075 | 995 | 215 | 780 | 78.2 | 47.4 | 39.4 | 50.2 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
25 to 34 years | 16,499 | 400 | 71 | 329 | 22.6 | 19.0 | 13.0 | 21.2 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 2.0 |
25 to 29 years | 8,239 | 229 | 36 | 193 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 6.6 | 12.4 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 2.3 |
30 to 34 years | 8,259 | 172 | 35 | 137 | 11.3 | 8.2 | 6.4 | 8.8 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
35 to 44 years | 16,827 | 245 | 52 | 193 | 23.1 | 11.7 | 9.5 | 12.4 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
35 to 39 years | 8,178 | 119 | 20 | 99 | 11.2 | 5.7 | 3.7 | 6.4 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.2 |
40 to 44 years | 8,649 | 127 | 33 | 94 | 11.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
45 to 54 years | 14,544 | 183 | 38 | 145 | 19.9 | 8.7 | 7.0 | 9.3 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
45 to 49 years | 8,048 | 105 | 25 | 80 | 11.0 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
50 to 54 years | 6,496 | 79 | 14 | 65 | 8.9 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 1.0 |
55 to 64 years | 7,130 | 84 | 23 | 61 | 9.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
55 to 59 years | 4,552 | 45 | 12 | 33 | 6.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
60 to 64 years | 2,579 | 39 | 11 | 28 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
65 years and over | 2,075 | 82 | 31 | 51 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
65 to 69 years | 1,155 | 35 | 9 | 26 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 2.3 |
70 years and over | 920 | 46 | 21 | 25 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
MEN | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 35,853 | 706 | 213 | 493 | 49.2 | 33.6 | 39.1 | 31.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
Under 25 years | 8,031 | 391 | 154 | 237 | 11.0 | 18.6 | 28.3 | 15.2 | 4.9 | 1.9 | 3.0 |
16 to 19 years | 2,608 | 205 | 109 | 96 | 3.6 | 9.8 | 20.0 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 4.2 | 3.7 |
20 to 24 years | 5,423 | 186 | 45 | 141 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 2.6 |
25 years and over | 27,823 | 314 | 58 | 256 | 38.1 | 15.0 | 10.6 | 16.5 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
25 to 34 years | 8,765 | 152 | 20 | 132 | 12.0 | 7.2 | 3.7 | 8.5 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.5 |
25 to 29 years | 4,429 | 84 | 10 | 74 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
30 to 34 years | 4,336 | 68 | 10 | 58 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.3 |
35 to 44 years | 8,224 | 73 | 14 | 59 | 11.3 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
35 to 39 years | 4,134 | 37 | 7 | 30 | 5.7 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
40 to 44 years | 4,089 | 36 | 7 | 29 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
45 to 54 years | 6,691 | 57 | 13 | 44 | 9.2 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
45 to 49 years | 3,719 | 41 | 11 | 30 | 5.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
50 to 54 years | 2,972 | 16 | 2 | 14 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
55 to 64 years | 3,202 | 23 | 6 | 17 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
55 to 59 years | 2,034 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
60 to 64 years | 1,168 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
65 years and over | 941 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
65 to 69 years | 534 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
70 years and over | 407 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
WOMEN | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 37,093 | 1,394 | 332 | 1,062 | 50.8 | 66.4 | 60.9 | 68.3 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 2.9 |
Under 25 years | 7,841 | 713 | 175 | 538 | 10.7 | 34.0 | 32.1 | 34.6 | 9.1 | 2.2 | 6.9 |
16 to 19 years | 2,804 | 329 | 103 | 226 | 3.8 | 15.7 | 18.9 | 14.5 | 11.7 | 3.7 | 8.1 |
20 to 24 years | 5,037 | 385 | 72 | 313 | 6.9 | 18.3 | 13.2 | 20.1 | 7.6 | 1.4 | 6.2 |
25 years and over | 29,252 | 681 | 157 | 524 | 40.1 | 32.4 | 28.8 | 33.7 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
25 to 34 years | 7,734 | 248 | 51 | 197 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 9.4 | 12.7 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 2.5 |
25 to 29 years | 3,810 | 145 | 26 | 119 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 4.8 | 7.7 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 3.1 |
30 to 34 years | 3,923 | 103 | 25 | 78 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
35 to 44 years | 8,604 | 173 | 38 | 135 | 11.8 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 8.7 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
35 to 39 years | 4,044 | 81 | 12 | 69 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 |
40 to 44 years | 4,560 | 91 | 26 | 65 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
45 to 54 years | 7,852 | 126 | 25 | 101 | 10.8 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
45 to 49 years | 4,329 | 64 | 14 | 50 | 5.9 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
50 to 54 years | 3,524 | 62 | 11 | 51 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
55 to 64 years | 3,928 | 61 | 17 | 44 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 1.1 |
55 to 59 years | 2,518 | 31 | 10 | 21 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
60 to 64 years | 1,410 | 30 | 7 | 23 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
65 years and over | 1,134 | 73 | 26 | 47 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 6.4 | 2.3 | 4.1 |
65 to 69 years | 621 | 32 | 8 | 24 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 3.9 |
70 years and over | 514 | 41 | 18 | 23 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 4.5 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
Marital status, age and sex | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
BOTH SEXES | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Never married | 24,737 | 1,295 | 354 | 941 | 33.9 | 61.7 | 65.0 | 60.5 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 3.8 |
16 to 24 years | 13,722 | 1,013 | 307 | 706 | 18.8 | 48.2 | 56.3 | 45.4 | 7.4 | 2.2 | 5.1 |
25 years and over | 11,016 | 282 | 47 | 235 | 15.1 | 13.4 | 8.6 | 15.1 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 2.1 |
25 to 54 years | 10,531 | 273 | 44 | 229 | 14.4 | 13.0 | 8.1 | 14.7 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 2.2 |
Married, spouse present | 35,963 | 516 | 121 | 395 | 49.3 | 24.6 | 22.2 | 25.4 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
16 to 24 years | 1,741 | 68 | 16 | 52 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 3.0 |
25 years and over | 34,222 | 447 | 105 | 342 | 46.9 | 21.3 | 19.3 | 22.0 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
25 to 54 years | 28,288 | 374 | 82 | 292 | 38.8 | 17.8 | 15.0 | 18.8 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
Other marital status | 12,246 | 289 | 70 | 219 | 16.8 | 13.8 | 12.8 | 14.1 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 1.8 |
16 to 24 years | 409 | 24 | 7 | 17 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 1.7 | 4.2 |
25 years and over | 11,837 | 266 | 64 | 202 | 16.2 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 13.0 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 1.7 |
25 to 54 years | 9,050 | 182 | 36 | 146 | 12.4 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
MEN | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 35,853 | 706 | 213 | 493 | 49.2 | 33.6 | 39.1 | 31.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
Never married | 13,104 | 479 | 161 | 318 | 18.0 | 22.8 | 29.5 | 20.5 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 2.4 |
16 to 24 years | 7,055 | 362 | 149 | 213 | 9.7 | 17.2 | 27.3 | 13.7 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 3.0 |
25 years and over | 6,049 | 116 | 11 | 105 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 6.8 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
25 to 54 years | 5,843 | 115 | 11 | 104 | 8.0 | 5.5 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 |
Married, spouse present | 18,162 | 162 | 37 | 125 | 24.9 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
16 to 24 years | 816 | 21 | 3 | 18 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 2.2 |
25 years and over] | 17,346 | 142 | 35 | 107 | 23.8 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
25 to 54 years | 14,189 | 120 | 27 | 93 | 19.5 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
Other marital status | 4,587 | 65 | 15 | 50 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
16 to 24 years | 160 | 9 | 3 | 6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 3.8 |
25 years and over | 4,427 | 56 | 12 | 44 | 6.1 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
25 to 54 years | 3,647 | 47 | 9 | 38 | 5.0 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.0 |
WOMEN | |||||||||||
Total, 16 years and over | 37,093 | 1,394 | 332 | 1,062 | 50.8 | 66.4 | 60.9 | 68.3 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 2.9 |
Never married | 11,633 | 816 | 193 | 623 | 15.9 | 38.9 | 35.4 | 40.1 | 7.0 | 1.7 | 5.4 |
16 to 24 years | 6,667 | 651 | 158 | 493 | 9.1 | 31.0 | 29.0 | 31.7 | 9.8 | 2.4 | 7.4 |
25 years and over | 4,966 | 165 | 35 | 130 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 6.4 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 2.6 |
25 to 54 years | 4,688 | 158 | 33 | 125 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 2.7 |
Married, spouse present | 17,802 | 354 | 84 | 270 | 24.4 | 16.9 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
16 to 24 years | 926 | 47 | 13 | 34 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 3.7 |
25 years and over | 16,876 | 306 | 70 | 236 | 23.1 | 14.6 | 12.8 | 15.2 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
25 to 54 years | 14,099 | 254 | 55 | 199 | 19.3 | 12.1 | 10.1 | 12.8 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.4 |
Other marital status | 7,658 | 224 | 55 | 169 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
16 to 24 years | 248 | 15 | 4 | 11 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 4.4 |
25 years and over | 7,410 | 209 | 51 | 158 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 2.8 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
25 to 54 years | 5,403 | 136 | 27 | 109 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
Usual hours worked per week | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | Total paid hourly rates | At or below $5.15 | At or below $5.15 | |||||||
Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | Total | At $5.15 | Below $5.15 | |||
Total, 16 years and over | 72,946 | 2,100 | 545 | 1,555 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
Hours vary | 5,291 | 301 | 74 | 227 | 7.3 | 14.3 | 13.6 | 14.6 | 5.7 | 1.4 | 4.3 |
0 to 34 hours | 15,851 | 1,109 | 331 | 778 | 21.7 | 52.8 | 60.7 | 50.0 | 7.0 | 2.1 | 4.9 |
0 to 4 hours | 319 | 24 | 3 | 21 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 0.9 | 6.6 |
5 to 9 hours | 932 | 72 | 24 | 48 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 7.7 | 2.6 | 5.2 |
10 to 14 hours | 1,451 | 134 | 56 | 78 | 2.0 | 6.4 | 10.3 | 5.0 | 9.2 | 3.9 | 5.4 |
15 to 19 hours | 2,218 | 179 | 68 | 111 | 3.0 | 8.5 | 12.5 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 5.0 |
20 to 24 hours | 4,797 | 327 | 110 | 217 | 6.6 | 15.6 | 20.2 | 14.0 | 6.8 | 2.3 | 4.5 |
25 to 29 hours | 2,127 | 149 | 26 | 123 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 5.8 |
30 to 34 hours | 4,009 | 224 | 44 | 180 | 5.5 | 10.7 | 8.1 | 11.6 | 5.6 | 1.1 | 4.5 |
35 hours or more | 51,804 | 691 | 140 | 551 | 71.0 | 32.9 | 25.7 | 35.4 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
35 to 39 hours | 4,960 | 171 | 31 | 140 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 9.0 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 2.8 |
40 hours or more | 46,844 | 520 | 109 | 411 | 64.2 | 24.8 | 20.0 | 26.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
40 hours | 40,616 | 450 | 101 | 349 | 55.7 | 21.4 | 18.5 | 22.4 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
41 hours or more | 6,228 | 70 | 8 | 62 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
41 to 44 hours | 801 | 3 | - | 3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | - | 0.2 | 0.4 | - | 0.4 |
45 to 48 hours | 2,306 | 19 | 5 | 14 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
49 to 59 hours | 2,160 | 24 | 2 | 22 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
60 hours or more | 962 | 24 | 1 | 23 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.1 | 2.4 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Dash represents zero.
Year and sex | Total wage and salary workers | Workers paid hourly rates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Percent of total wage and salary workers | Below prevailing Federal minimum wage | At prevailing Federal minimum wage | Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage | |||
Number | Percent of hourly paid workers | ||||||
BOTH SEXES | |||||||
1979 | 87,529 | 51,721 | 59.1 | 2,916 | 3,997 | 6,912 | 13.4 |
1980 | 87,644 | 51,335 | 58.6 | 3,087 | 4,686 | 7,773 | 15.1 |
1981 | 88,516 | 51,869 | 58.6 | 3,513 | 4,311 | 7,824 | 15.1 |
1982 | 87,368 | 50,846 | 58.2 | 2,348 | 4,148 | 6,496 | 12.8 |
1983 | 88,290 | 51,820 | 58.7 | 2,077 | 4,261 | 6,338 | 12.2 |
1984 | 92,194 | 54,143 | 58.7 | 1,838 | 4,125 | 5,963 | 11.0 |
1985 | 94,521 | 55,762 | 59.0 | 1,639 | 3,899 | 5,538 | 9.9 |
1986 (1) | 96,903 | 57,529 | 59.4 | 1,599 | 3,461 | 5,060 | 8.8 |
1987 | 99,303 | 59,552 | 60.0 | 1,468 | 3,229 | 4,698 | 7.9 |
1988 | 101,407 | 60,878 | 60.0 | 1,319 | 2,608 | 3,927 | 6.5 |
1989 | 103,480 | 62,389 | 60.3 | 1,372 | 1,790 | 3,162 | 5.1 |
1990 (1) | 104,876 | 63,172 | 60.2 | (2) 2,132 | (2) 1,096 | (2) 3,228 | (2) 5.1 |
1991 | 103,723 | 62,627 | 60.4 | (2) 2,377 | (2) 2,906 | (2) 5,283 | (2) 8.4 |
1992 | 104,668 | 63,610 | 60.8 | 1,939 | 2,982 | 4,921 | 7.7 |
1993 | 106,101 | 64,274 | 60.6 | 1,707 | 2,625 | 4,332 | 6.7 |
1994 (1) | 107,989 | 66,549 | 61.6 | 1,995 | 2,132 | 4,128 | 6.2 |
1995 | 110,038 | 68,354 | 62.1 | 1,699 | 1,956 | 3,656 | 5.3 |
1996 | 111,960 | 69,255 | 61.9 | (2) 1,863 | (2) 1,861 | (2) 3,724 | (2) 5.4 |
1997 (1) | 114,533 | 70,735 | 61.8 | (2) 2,990 | (2) 1,764 | (2) 4,754 | (2) 6.7 |
1998 (1) | 116,730 | 71,440 | 61.2 | 2,834 | 1,593 | 4,427 | 6.2 |
1999 (1) | 118,963 | 72,306 | 60.8 | 2,194 | 1,146 | 3,340 | 4.6 |
2000 (1) | 122,089 | 73,496 | 60.2 | 1,752 | 898 | 2,650 | 3.6 |
2001 | 122,229 | 73,392 | 60.0 | 1,518 | 656 | 2,174 | 3.0 |
2002 | 121,826 | 72,508 | 59.5 | 1,579 | 567 | 2,146 | 3.0 |
2003 (1) | 122,358 | 72,946 | 59.6 | 1,555 | 545 | 2,100 | 2.9 |
MEN | |||||||
1979 | 49,400 | 28,392 | 57.5 | 846 | 1,353 | 2,199 | 7.7 |
1980 | 48,700 | 27,709 | 56.9 | 983 | 1,696 | 2,678 | 9.7 |
1981 | 48,844 | 27,576 | 56.5 | 1,119 | 1,533 | 2,652 | 9.6 |
1982 | 47,591 | 26,481 | 55.6 | 697 | 1,587 | 2,284 | 8.6 |
1983 | 47,856 | 26,831 | 56.1 | 585 | 1,658 | 2,243 | 8.4 |
1984 | 50,022 | 28,140 | 56.3 | 490 | 1,626 | 2,116 | 7.5 |
1985 | 51,015 | 28,893 | 56.6 | 440 | 1,544 | 1,984 | 6.9 |
1986 (1) | 51,942 | 29,666 | 57.1 | 408 | 1,336 | 1,743 | 5.9 |
1987 | 52,938 | 30,474 | 57.6 | 364 | 1,283 | 1,647 | 5.4 |
1988 | 53,912 | 31,058 | 57.6 | 311 | 1,066 | 1,377 | 4.4 |
1989 | 54,789 | 31,687 | 57.8 | 379 | 733 | 1,112 | 3.5 |
1990 (1) | 55,553 | 32,104 | 57.8 | (2) 712 | (2) 385 | (2) 1,097 | (2) 3.4 |
1991 | 54,618 | 31,639 | 57.9 | (2) 795 | (2) 1,114 | (2) 1,909 | (2) 6.0 |
1992 | 54,826 | 32,155 | 58.6 | 653 | 1,231 | 1,885 | 5.9 |
1993 | 55,475 | 32,337 | 58.3 | 573 | 1,091 | 1,664 | 5.1 |
1994 (1) | 56,570 | 33,528 | 59.3 | 674 | 891 | 1,565 | 4.7 |
1995 | 57,669 | 34,420 | 59.7 | 542 | 796 | 1,338 | 3.9 |
1996 | 58,473 | 34,838 | 59.6 | (2) 619 | (2) 755 | (2) 1,374 | (2) 3.9 |
1997 (1) | 59,825 | 35,521 | 59.4 | (2) 1,147 | (2) 673 | (2) 1,820 | (2) 5.1 |
1998 (1) | 60,973 | 35,761 | 58.7 | 1,039 | 628 | 1,667 | 4.7 |
1999 (1) | 61,914 | 36,073 | 58.3 | 768 | 446 | 1,214 | 3.4 |
2000 (1) | 63,662 | 36,720 | 57.7 | 582 | 319 | 901 | 2.5 |
2001 | 63,647 | 36,544 | 57.4 | 497 | 247 | 744 | 2.0 |
2002 | 63,272 | 36,000 | 56.9 | 582 | 217 | 799 | 2.2 |
2003 (1) | 63,236 | 35,853 | 56.7 | 493 | 213 | 706 | 2.0 |
WOMEN | |||||||
1979 | 38,129 | 23,329 | 61.2 | 2,070 | 2,644 | 4,714 | 20.2 |
1980 | 38,944 | 23,626 | 60.7 | 2,104 | 2,990 | 5,095 | 21.6 |
1981 | 39,672 | 24,294 | 61.2 | 2,394 | 2,778 | 5,172 | 21.3 |
1982 | 39,777 | 24,365 | 61.3 | 1,651 | 2,561 | 4,212 | 17.3 |
1983 | 40,433 | 24,989 | 61.8 | 1,492 | 2,603 | 4,095 | 16.4 |
1984 | 42,172 | 26,003 | 61.7 | 1,348 | 2,499 | 3,847 | 14.8 |
1985 | 43,506 | 26,869 | 61.8 | 1,198 | 2,356 | 3,554 | 13.2 |
1986 (1) | 44,961 | 27,863 | 62.0 | 1,192 | 2,125 | 3,317 | 11.9 |
1987 | 46,365 | 29,078 | 62.7 | 1,105 | 1,946 | 3,051 | 10.5 |
1988 | 47,495 | 29,820 | 62.8 | 1,008 | 1,542 | 2,550 | 8.6 |
1989 | 48,691 | 30,702 | 63.1 | 994 | 1,056 | 2,050 | 6.7 |
1990 (1) | 49,323 | 31,069 | 63.0 | (2) 1,420 | (2) 711 | (2) 2,131 | (2) 6.9 |
1991 | 49,105 | 30,988 | 63.1 | (2) 1,582 | (2) 1,792 | (2) 3,374 | (2) 10.9 |
1992 | 49,842 | 31,454 | 63.1 | 1,286 | 1,751 | 3,036 | 9.7 |
1993 | 50,626 | 31,937 | 63.1 | 1,133 | 1,534 | 2,667 | 8.4 |
1994 (1) | 51,419 | 33,021 | 64.2 | 1,322 | 1,241 | 2,563 | 7.8 |
1995 | 52,369 | 33,934 | 64.8 | 1,157 | 1,161 | 2,318 | 6.8 |
1996 | 53,488 | 34,418 | 64.3 | (2) 1,244 | (2) 1,106 | (2) 2,350 | (2) 6.8 |
1997 (1) | 54,708 | 35,214 | 64.4 | (2) 1,843 | (2) 1,092 | (2) 2,935 | (2) 8.3 |
1998 (1) | 55,757 | 35,680 | 64.0 | 1,794 | 965 | 2,760 | 7.7 |
1999 (1) | 57,050 | 36,233 | 63.5 | 1,426 | 700 | 2,126 | 5.9 |
2000 (1) | 58,427 | 36,777 | 62.9 | 1,170 | 579 | 1,749 | 4.8 |
2001 | 58,582 | 36,848 | 62.9 | 1,021 | 409 | 1,430 | 3.9 |
2002 | 58,555 | 36,508 | 62.3 | 997 | 350 | 1,347 | 3.7 |
2003 (1) | 59,122 | 37,093 | 62.7 | 1,062 | 332 | 1,394 | 3.8 |
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error section of the February 2004 and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings, a monthly BLS periodical.
2 Data for 1990-91 and 1996-97 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, and to $5.15 in September 1997. Data exclude the incorporated self employed. Also note that the presence of a sizable number of workers with reported wages below the minimum does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are numerous exemptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. Indeed, the relatively large number of workers with reported wages below the minimum in 1998-2003 includes some hourly-paid workers reported as earning exactly $5.00 per hour (about 1.4 million in 1998, about 900,000 in 1999, about 600,000 in 2000, about 500,000 in 2001, about 500,000 in 2002, and about 350,000 in 2003); to some extent, this may reflect rounding on the part of survey respondents.
Last Modified Date: March 31, 2005