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Economic News Release
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Employee Benefits in the United States News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, July 25, 2014                                  USDL-14-1348

Technical information:  (202) 691-6199    ncsinfo@bls.gov        www.bls.gov/ebs
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902    pressoffice@bls.gov


(NOTE: Some estimates that include access to paid sick leave benefits were corrected in 
the BLS database on November 6, 2017. For additional information about this correction,
see www.bls.gov/bls/errata/ebs-errata-07212017.htm.)


                  EMPLOYEE BENEFITS IN THE UNITED STATES - MARCH 2014

Employer-provided medical care was available to 86 percent of full-time private industry workers in the 
United States in March 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. By contrast, only 23 
percent of part-time workers had medical care benefits available. Access, or availability, also varied by 
establishment size: 57 percent for workers in small establishments (those with fewer than 100 
employees), compared with 84 percent in medium and large establishments (those with 100 employees 
or more). (See charts 1 and 2 and table 2.)

Retirement benefits followed a similar pattern as medical care benefits. In private industry, 74 percent of 
full-time workers had access to a retirement plan, significantly higher than 37 percent of part-time 
workers. Retirement benefits were available to 50 percent of workers in small establishments and 82 
percent of workers in medium and large establishments. A worker with access to a medical or retirement 
plan is defined as having an employer-provided plan available for use, regardless of the decision to 
enroll or participate in the plan. (See charts 1 and 2 and table 1.)

Paid sick leave benefits were also more commonly offered to full-time workers and those in medium and 
large establishments in private industry. Plans were offered to 74 percent of full-time workers and 24 
percent of part-time workers. Similarly, 52 percent of workers in small establishments and 72 percent in 
medium and large establishments had access to a paid sick leave benefit. (See charts 1 and 2 and table 
6.)

These data are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), which provides comprehensive 
measures of compensation cost levels and trends as well as incidence and provisions of employee benefit plans.

Additional findings include:

   *  In private industry, 65 percent of employees had access to retirement benefits and 48 percent of 
      employees participated in retirement plans. In state and local government, 89 percent of employees 
      had access and 81 percent participated in retirement plans. (See table 1.)

   *  Almost all full-time workers in state and local government (99 percent) had access to retirement and medical 
      care benefits.  For state and local government part-time workers, 38 percent had access to retirement 
      benefits and 24 percent had access to medical care benefits. (See tables 1 and 2.)

   *  For private industry employees in the lowest 10 percent of average earnings, employers paid 70 
      percent of the single coverage medical plan premium. For employees in the highest 10 percent of 
      average earnings, the employer share of the premium was 81 percent. For family coverage, the 
      employer share of the premium was 57 percent for employees in the lowest 10 percent of 
      earnings, significantly less than the 72 percent for employees in the highest 10 percent of 
      earnings. (See tables 3 and 4.)

   *  Access and participation in life insurance benefits varied significantly for full-time and part-time 
      workers. In private industry, 72 percent of full-time workers had access to life insurance benefits. 
      In contrast, only 13 percent of part-time workers in private industry had access. For state and 
      local government workers, 90 percent of full-time workers and 22 percent of part-time workers 
      had access. Most workers who had access participated in life insurance benefits. (See table 5.)

   *  Paid holidays were provided to 90 percent of full-time and 37 percent of part-time workers in 
      private industry. In state and local government 74 percent of full-time workers and 30 percent of 
      part-time workers had access. (See table 6.)

More information can be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, sending e-mail to ncsinfo@bls.gov, or 
by visiting www.bls.gov/ebs. 

                                             NOTE

More information will be published in September 2014 on the incidence and provisions of health care 
benefits, retirement benefits, life insurance, short-term and long-term disability benefits, paid holidays 
and vacations, and other selected benefits. For the latest benefit publications see www.bls.gov/ebs.



                                         TECHNICAL NOTE

Data in this release are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), conducted by the U.S. 
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This release contains March 2014 data on 
civilian, private industry, and state and local government workers in the United States. Excluded are 
federal government workers, the military, agricultural workers, private household workers, and the self-
employed. This news release provides data on the incidence of (access to and participation in) selected 
benefits and the share of premiums paid by employers and employees for medical care.

Calculation details
-------------------
Average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an establishment were used to produce 
estimates for worker groups within six earnings categories: the lowest 10 percent, the lowest 25 percent, 
the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 10 percent. The 
categories are based on unpublished March 2014 wages and salaries from the Employer Costs for 
Employee Compensation.

The percentiles were computed using earnings and scheduled hours of work reported for individual 
workers in sampled establishment jobs. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual 
worker earnings for each sampled job. For the calculation of the hourly percentile values, the individual 
worker hourly earnings are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values corresponding to 
the percentiles are:

________________________________________________________________________________________________
    Characteristics                                    Hourly wage percentiles
                                          10         25       50 (median)       75        90
Civilian workers                        $8.99      $11.75       $17.64        $28.13    $42.90
Private industry workers                $8.65      $11.15       $16.82        $26.67    $41.46
State and local government             $12.16      $16.03       $23.34        $34.91    $48.49
________________________________________________________________________________________________

The lowest 10-percent and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly 
wage less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent 
category includes those occupations that earn at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 
50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations that earn at or above 
the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent 
wage categories include those occupations with an average wage value greater than or equal to the 75th 
and 90th percentile value, respectively. 

(Note: Individual workers can fall into an earnings category different from the average for the 
occupation into which they are classified because average hourly earnings for the occupation are used to 
produce the benefit estimates.) 

The tables on employer and employee medical premiums (tables 3 and 4) include participants in all 
medical plans, with calculations for both single and family coverage. The calculations are not based on 
actual decisions regarding medical coverage made by employees within the occupations. Rather, the 
premium calculations are based on the assumption that all employees in the occupation can opt for either 
single or family coverage.

Medical care
------------
Medical care plans provide services or payments for services rendered in the hospital or by a qualified 
medical care provider.

Retirement plans
----------------
Differences in retirement plan participation are influenced by type of plan offered. In defined benefit 
plans participation is often mandatory, after meeting eligibility requirements, while participation in 
defined contribution plans is often voluntary. 

Take-up rates
-------------
Take-up rates are the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan. They are 
computed by using the number of workers participating in a plan divided by the number of workers with 
access to the plan, multiplied by 100, and rounded to the nearest one percent. Since the computation of 
take-up rates is based on the number of workers collected rather than rounded percentage estimates, the 
take-up rates in the tables may not equal the ratio of participation to access estimates.

Comparing private and public sector data
----------------------------------------
Incidence of employee benefits in state and local government should not be directly compared to private 
industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and 
occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry 
work activities but are rare in state and local government. Professional and administrative support 
occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce, 
compared with one-half of private industry.

Leave benefits for teachers
---------------------------
Primary, secondary, and special education teachers typically have a work schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per 
year. Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered vacation or holidays. In many cases, 
the time off during winter and spring breaks during the school year are not considered vacation days for 
the purposes of this survey.

Sample size
-----------
Data for the March 2014 reference period were collected from a probability sample of about 9,600 
establishments in private industry and approximately 1,500 establishments in state and local 
government.

Survey scope
------------
The March 2014 NCS benefits survey represented approximately 128 million civilian workers; of this 
number, about 109 million were private industry workers and nearly 19 million were state and local 
government workers.

Introduction of 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Beginning with this release, Employee Benefits in the United States are based on 2010 
SOC. No substantive changes occurred in occupational coverage for about 90 percent of the detailed 
occupations in the 2010 SOC. However the detailed occupation Registered Nurses, for which data are 
shown separately in this release, did undergo classification changes. For information about this and other 
changes see www.bls.gov/soc.

Obtaining information
---------------------
For research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review at 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/home.htm and Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits at 
www.bls.gov/opub/btn.  For further technical information, see Chapter 8, "National Compensation 
Measures," of the BLS Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.


 Table 1. Retirement benefits:(1) Access, participation, and take-up rates,(2) National Compensation Survey, March
 2014

 (All workers = 100 percent)
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                    
                                    Civilian(3)                 Private industry         State and local government 
                                                                                                                    
      Characteristics                                                                                               
                             Access  Particip-  Take-up    Access  Particip-  Take-up    Access  Particip-  Take-up 
                                       ation      rate               ation      rate               ation      rate  
                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                    
 All workers..............     68        53        78        65        48        75        89        81        91   
                                                                                                                    
  Worker characteristics                                                                                            
                                                                                                                    
 Management, professional,                                                                                          
 and related..............     83        71        86        80        67        84        92        83        90   
   Management, business,                                                                                            
   and financial..........     85        75        88        84        74        87        –         –         –    
   Professional and                                                                                                 
   related................     82        70        85        77        63        82        92        83        90   
     Teachers.............     86        76        89        –         –         –         91        82        90   
       Primary, secondary,                                                                                          
       and special                                                                                                  
       education school                                                                                             
       teachers...........     95        86        90        –         –         –         99        90        91   
     Registered nurses....     79        65        83        –         –         –         –         –         –    
 Service..................     44        29        65        38        21        56        84        76        91   
   Protective service.....     79        61        77        62        28        45        91        85        93   
 Sales and office.........     71        52        74        69        49        71        89        82        92   
   Sales and related......     67        39        59        67        39        59        –         –         –    
   Office and                                                                                                       
   administrative support      73        59        81        70        56        79        90        83        92   
 Natural resources,                                                                                                 
 construction, and                                                                                                  
 maintenance..............     70        56        81        67        53        79        95        86        90   
   Construction,                                                                                                    
   extraction, farming,                                                                                             
   fishing, and forestry..     64        51        80        60        47        78        –         –         –    
   Installation,                                                                                                    
   maintenance, and repair     75        60        81        73        58        80        –         –         –    
 Production,                                                                                                        
 transportation, and                                                                                                
 material moving..........     71        54        76        70        53        75        85        74        87   
   Production.............     75        59        79        75        59        78        –         –         –    
   Transportation and                                                                                               
   material moving........     67        49        73        65        47        72        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Full time................     78        64        81        74        58        79        99        90        91   
 Part time................     37        21        56        37        19        52        38        33        86   
                                                                                                                    
 Union....................     94        86        91        92        83        91        97        89        92   
 Nonunion.................     64        48        74        62        45        72        83        74        89   
                                                                                                                    
 Average wage within the                                                                                            
 following categories(4):                                                                                           
   Lowest 25 percent......     41        22        53        38        18        48        73        66        90   
     Lowest 10 percent....     29        12        41        27        11        39        59        52        89   
   Second 25 percent......     70        52        75        67        47        71        93        84        91   
   Third 25 percent.......     81        67        83        76        62        81        95        86        91   
   Highest 25 perecent....     88        79        89        85        75        88        98        89        91   
     Highest 10 percent...     90        81        90        88        79        89        98        90        92   
                                                                                                                    
       Establishment                                                                                                
     characteristics                                                                                                
                                                                                                                    
 Goods-producing                                                                                                    
 industries...............     76        62        82        76        62        82        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Service-providing                                                                                                  
 industries...............     67        52        77        63        46        73        89        81        91   
   Education and health                                                                                             
   services...............     77        63        82        69        53        77        90        81        90   
     Educational services      87        77        89        72        61        85        91        81        90   
       Elementary and                                                                                               
       secondary schools..     91        81        89        –         –         –         92        83        90   
       Junior colleges,                                                                                             
       colleges, and                                                                                                
       universities.......     87        76        88        89        78        88        86        76        88   
     Health care and                                                                                                
     social assistance....     70        54        77        69        52        76        89        79        89   
       Hospitals..........     90        78        86        –         –         –         95        83        87   
   Public administration..     91        84        92        –         –         –         91        84        92   
                                                                                                                    
 1 to 99 workers..........     51        36        71        50        35        70        77        69        89   
   1 to 49 workers........     46        33        72        45        32        71        68        60        87   
   50 to 99 workers.......     65        45        70        63        43        68        90        81        90   
 100 workers or more......     85        69        81        82        64        78        91        83        91   
   100 to 499 workers.....     79        58        74        78        55        71        88        80        92   
   500 workers or more....     90        79        88        89        77        86        92        84        91   
                                                                                                                    
     Geographic areas                                                                                               
                                                                                                                    
 Northeast................     68        55        82        64        51        80        90        81        91   
   New England............     66        53        80        63        49        77        86        80        93   
   Middle Atlantic........     68        56        82        64        52        81        91        82        90   
 South....................     69        51        75        65        46        71        91        80        89   
   South Atlantic.........     69        52        75        65        47        72        91        80        88   
   East South Central.....     70        52        74        64        45        70        92        80        87   
   West South Central.....     68        50        74        64        44        69        89        81        91   
 Midwest..................     72        57        78        70        53        76        87        80        92   
   East North Central.....     71        56        78        69        52        75        84        78        92   
   West North Central.....     74        59        79        71        54        76        91        83        91   
 West.....................     64        51        79        60        45        75        90        83        93   
   Mountain...............     63        46        74        59        42        71        88        76        86   
   Pacific................     65        53        81        60        46        77        91        86        95   

   1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as
 having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in at least one of these plan types.
   2 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan,
 rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details.
   3 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
 sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
   4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which
 may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.  The categories were formed using percentile
 estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2014.
 
 Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of
 major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at
 www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20122013.htm.


 Table 2. Medical care benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,(1) National Compensation Survey, March
 2014

 (All workers = 100 percent)
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                    
                                    Civilian(2)                 Private industry         State and local government 
                                                                                                                    
      Characteristics                                                                                               
                             Access  Particip-  Take-up    Access  Particip-  Take-up    Access  Particip-  Take-up 
                                       ation      rate               ation      rate               ation      rate  
                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                    
 All workers..............     72        53        74        69        50        72        87        73        83   
                                                                                                                    
  Worker characteristics                                                                                            
                                                                                                                    
 Management, professional,                                                                                          
 and related..............     88        68        78        87        66        76        89        74        83   
   Management, business,                                                                                            
   and financial..........     94        73        77        95        72        76        –         –         –    
   Professional and                                                                                                 
   related................     85        66        78        83        63        76        89        73        82   
     Teachers.............     85        69        81        –         –         –         88        73        82   
       Primary, secondary,                                                                                          
       and special                                                                                                  
       education school                                                                                             
       teachers...........     97        79        81        –         –         –         98        80        82   
     Registered nurses....     82        62        75        –         –         –         –         –         –    
 Service..................     46        30        65        40        23        59        81        69        85   
   Protective service.....     69        57        82        43        28        65        89        78        88   
 Sales and office.........     72        52        72        71        50        71        87        73        84   
   Sales and related......     61        41        67        61        41        67        –         –         –    
   Office and                                                                                                       
   administrative support      78        58        74        77        56        73        88        74        84   
 Natural resources,                                                                                                 
 construction, and                                                                                                  
 maintenance..............     78        61        78        76        59        77        95        82        86   
   Construction,                                                                                                    
   extraction, farming,                                                                                             
   fishing, and forestry..     72        58        81        69        54        80        –         –         –    
   Installation,                                                                                                    
   maintenance, and repair     84        65        77        83        63        76        –         –         –    
 Production,                                                                                                        
 transportation, and                                                                                                
 material moving..........     77        57        75        76        57        75        81        66        82   
   Production.............     85        64        76        84        64        76        –         –         –    
   Transportation and                                                                                               
   material moving........     69        51        74        69        50        73        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Full time................     88        66        76        86        63        74        99        83        84   
 Part time................     23        13        56        23        12        54        24        17        74   
                                                                                                                    
 Union....................     94        79        83        94        78        83        95        80        84   
 Nonunion.................     68        49        72        67        47        71        81        67        83   
                                                                                                                    
 Average wage within the                                                                                            
 following categories(3):                                                                                           
   Lowest 25 percent......     38        22        59        34        20        57        68        55        80   
     Lowest 10 percent....     22        12        54        20        10        51        53        42        78   
   Second 25 percent......     77        56        73        74        52        70        92        78        86   
   Third 25 percent.......     88        69        79        86        66        77        94        78        84   
   Highest 25 perecent....     94        74        79        93        71        77        97        81        83   
     Highest 10 percent...     95        75        80        94        74        78        97        82        84   
                                                                                                                    
       Establishment                                                                                                
     characteristics                                                                                                
                                                                                                                    
 Goods-producing                                                                                                    
 industries...............     86        67        78        86        67        78        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Service-providing                                                                                                  
 industries...............     70        51        73        66        47        71        87        73        83   
   Education and health                                                                                             
   services...............     80        60        75        75        53        71        88        71        81   
     Educational services      86        69        80        78        59        76        88        71        81   
       Elementary and                                                                                               
       secondary schools..     88        69        79        –         –         –         88        70        80   
       Junior colleges,                                                                                             
       colleges, and                                                                                                
       universities.......     86        72        83        90        70        78        84        73        87   
     Health care and                                                                                                
     social assistance....     76        54        71        74        52        70        88        71        81   
       Hospitals..........     89        69        77        –         –         –         94        78        82   
   Public administration..     88        77        88        –         –         –         88        77        88   
                                                                                                                    
 1 to 99 workers..........     58        41        72        57        41        71        74        63        85   
   1 to 49 workers........     54        38        71        53        38        71        65        54        84   
   50 to 99 workers.......     70        51        72        69        49        71        87        75        86   
 100 workers or more......     85        64        76        84        61        73        89        74        83   
   100 to 499 workers.....     80        58        72        80        56        71        86        71        83   
   500 workers or more....     90        71        79        89        68        77        90        75        83   
                                                                                                                    
     Geographic areas                                                                                               
                                                                                                                    
 Northeast................     72        54        75        69        51        73        86        75        87   
   New England............     70        50        71        68        47        69        86        70        82   
   Middle Atlantic........     72        55        76        70        52        74        86        76        88   
 South....................     73        53        73        70        49        71        90        75        83   
   South Atlantic.........     73        53        73        70        50        71        89        73        82   
   East South Central.....     74        55        74        70        49        69        92        81        87   
   West South Central.....     73        53        73        70        49        71        91        74        82   
 Midwest..................     72        52        72        71        50        71        82        65        80   
   East North Central.....     73        53        72        72        51        70        80        63        80   
   West North Central.....     71        52        73        68        49        72        85        68        80   
 West.....................     70        54        78        67        51        76        87        74        85   
   Mountain...............     67        51        76        65        48        75        86        72        84   
   Pacific................     71        56        78        68        52        77        88        75        86   

   1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan,
 rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details.
   2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
 sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
   3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which
 may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.  The categories were formed using percentile
 estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2014.
 
 Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of
 major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at
 www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20122013.htm.



 Table 3. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for single
 coverage,  National Compensation Survey, March 2014

 (In percent)
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
                               Civilian(1)       Private industry    State and local  
                                                                        government    
                                                                                      
      Characteristics                                                                 
                            Employer  Employee  Employer  Employee  Employer  Employee
                            share of  share of  share of  share of  share of  share of
                            premium   premium   premium   premium   premium   premium 
                                                                                      

                                                                                      
 All workers participating                                                            
 in single coverage                                                                   
 medical plans............     81        19        79        21        87        13   
                                                                                      
  Worker characteristics                                                              
                                                                                      
 Management, professional,                                                            
 and related..............     83        17        81        19        87        13   
   Management, business,                                                              
   and financial..........     81        19        79        21        –         –    
   Professional and                                                                   
   related................     83        17        81        19        87        13   
     Teachers.............     87        13        –         –         87        13   
       Primary, secondary,                                                            
       and special                                                                    
       education school                                                               
       teachers...........     87        13        –         –         87        13   
     Registered nurses....     80        20        –         –         –         –    
 Service..................     80        20        77        23        87        13   
   Protective service.....     85        15        77        23        87        13   
 Sales and office.........     78        22        77        23        88        12   
   Sales and related......     73        27        73        27        –         –    
   Office and                                                                         
   administrative support      81        19        79        21        88        12   
 Natural resources,                                                                   
 construction, and                                                                    
 maintenance..............     80        20        79        21        88        12   
   Construction,                                                                      
   extraction, farming,                                                               
   fishing, and forestry..     82        18        80        20        –         –    
   Installation,                                                                      
   maintenance, and repair     79        21        78        22        –         –    
 Production,                                                                          
 transportation, and                                                                  
 material moving..........     80        20        79        21        87        13   
   Production.............     79        21        79        21        –         –    
   Transportation and                                                                 
   material moving........     80        20        79        21        –         –    
                                                                                      
 Full time................     81        19        79        21        88        12   
 Part time................     74        26        72        28        82        18   
                                                                                      
 Union....................     87        13        86        14        87        13   
 Nonunion.................     79        21        78        22        88        12   
                                                                                      
 Average wage within the                                                              
 following categories(2):                                                             
   Lowest 25 percent......     76        24        74        26        87        13   
     Lowest 10 percent....     71        29        70        30        89        11   
   Second 25 percent......     80        20        78        22        88        12   
   Third 25 percent.......     81        19        79        21        88        12   
   Highest 25 perecent....     83        17        81        19        87        13   
     Highest 10 percent...     83        17        81        19        88        12   
                                                                                      
       Establishment                                                                  
     characteristics                                                                  
                                                                                      
 Goods-producing                                                                      
 industries...............     80        20        80        20        –         –    
                                                                                      
 Service-providing                                                                    
 industries...............     81        19        79        21        87        13   
   Education and health                                                               
   services...............     83        17        80        20        87        13   
     Educational services      86        14        81        19        87        13   
       Elementary and                                                                 
       secondary schools..     86        14        –         –         86        14   
       Junior colleges,                                                               
       colleges, and                                                                  
       universities.......     85        15        80        20        88        12   
     Health care and                                                                  
     social assistance....     81        19        80        20        88        12   
       Hospitals..........     82        18        –         –         88        12   
   Public administration..     88        12        –         –         88        12   
                                                                                      
 1 to 99 workers..........     79        21        79        21        91         9   
   1 to 49 workers........     80        20        79        21        92         8   
   50 to 99 workers.......     78        22        77        23        91         9   
 100 workers or more......     81        19        79        21        87        13   
   100 to 499 workers.....     79        21        78        22        88        12   
   500 workers or more....     83        17        80        20        87        13   
                                                                                      
     Geographic areas                                                                 
                                                                                      
 Northeast................     82        18        80        20        88        12   
   New England............     78        22        77        23        84        16   
   Middle Atlantic........     83        17        81        19        89        11   
 South....................     79        21        77        23        87        13   
   South Atlantic.........     79        21        77        23        88        12   
   East South Central.....     79        21        75        25        88        12   
   West South Central.....     80        20        78        22        87        13   
 Midwest..................     80        20        78        22        89        11   
   East North Central.....     80        20        78        22        87        13   
   West North Central.....     81        19        78        22        91         9   
 West.....................     82        18        81        19        86        14   
   Mountain...............     82        18        80        20        89        11   
   Pacific................     82        18        81        19        85        15   

   1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private
 households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See
 Technical Note for further explanation.
   2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average
 wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below
 the threshold.  The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using
 ECEC data for March 2014.
 
 Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication
 criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the
 "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20122013.htm.

 Table 4. Medical plans: Share of premiums paid by employer and employee for family
 coverage,  National Compensation Survey, March 2014

 (In percent)
                                                                                      
                                                                                      
                               Civilian(1)       Private industry    State and local  
                                                                        government    
                                                                                      
      Characteristics                                                                 
                            Employer  Employee  Employer  Employee  Employer  Employee
                            share of  share of  share of  share of  share of  share of
                            premium   premium   premium   premium   premium   premium 
                                                                                      

                                                                                      
 All workers participating                                                            
 in family coverage                                                                   
 medical plans............     69        31        68        32        71        29   
                                                                                      
  Worker characteristics                                                              
                                                                                      
 Management, professional,                                                            
 and related..............     70        30        70        30        69        31   
   Management, business,                                                              
   and financial..........     70        30        69        31        –         –    
   Professional and                                                                   
   related................     70        30        71        29        69        31   
     Teachers.............     68        32        –         –         67        33   
       Primary, secondary,                                                            
       and special                                                                    
       education school                                                               
       teachers...........     67        33        –         –         66        34   
     Registered nurses....     70        30        –         –         –         –    
 Service..................     65        35        62        38        73        27   
   Protective service.....     75        25        66        34        78        22   
 Sales and office.........     67        33        66        34        72        28   
   Sales and related......     63        37        63        37        –         –    
   Office and                                                                         
   administrative support      69        31        68        32        72        28   
 Natural resources,                                                                   
 construction, and                                                                    
 maintenance..............     67        33        67        33        73        27   
   Construction,                                                                      
   extraction, farming,                                                               
   fishing, and forestry..     68        32        67        33        –         –    
   Installation,                                                                      
   maintenance, and repair     67        33        66        34        –         –    
 Production,                                                                          
 transportation, and                                                                  
 material moving..........     72        28        72        28        72        28   
   Production.............     73        27        73        27        –         –    
   Transportation and                                                                 
   material moving........     72        28        72        28        –         –    
                                                                                      
 Full time................     69        31        69        31        71        29   
 Part time................     64        36        63        37        69        31   
                                                                                      
 Union....................     81        19        84        16        77        23   
 Nonunion.................     66        34        66        34        64        36   
                                                                                      
 Average wage within the                                                              
 following categories(2):                                                             
   Lowest 25 percent......     58        42        58        42        63        37   
     Lowest 10 percent....     57        43        57        43        56        44   
   Second 25 percent......     67        33        66        34        73        27   
   Third 25 percent.......     70        30        70        30        71        29   
   Highest 25 perecent....     73        27        72        28        74        26   
     Highest 10 percent...     74        26        72        28        79        21   
                                                                                      
       Establishment                                                                  
     characteristics                                                                  
                                                                                      
 Goods-producing                                                                      
 industries...............     73        27        72        28        –         –    
                                                                                      
 Service-providing                                                                    
 industries...............     68        32        67        33        71        29   
   Education and health                                                               
   services...............     67        33        68        32        67        33   
     Educational services      66        34        67        33        66        34   
       Elementary and                                                                 
       secondary schools..     64        36        –         –         64        36   
       Junior colleges,                                                               
       colleges, and                                                                  
       universities.......     71        29        69        31        73        27   
     Health care and                                                                  
     social assistance....     68        32        68        32        71        29   
       Hospitals..........     74        26        –         –         71        29   
   Public administration..     77        23        –         –         77        23   
                                                                                      
 1 to 99 workers..........     63        37        62        38        71        29   
   1 to 49 workers........     62        38        62        38        73        27   
   50 to 99 workers.......     64        36        63        37        69        31   
 100 workers or more......     72        28        73        27        71        29   
   100 to 499 workers.....     70        30        70        30        69        31   
   500 workers or more....     74        26        76        24        71        29   
                                                                                      
     Geographic areas                                                                 
                                                                                      
 Northeast................     76        24        74        26        85        15   
   New England............     74        26        73        27        79        21   
   Middle Atlantic........     77        23        74        26        87        13   
 South....................     63        37        63        37        60        40   
   South Atlantic.........     64        36        63        37        67        33   
   East South Central.....     61        39        64        36        55        45   
   West South Central.....     61        39        64        36        54        46   
 Midwest..................     71        29        70        30        77        23   
   East North Central.....     73        27        72        28        81        19   
   West North Central.....     66        34        65        35        70        30   
 West.....................     70        30        69        31        72        28   
   Mountain...............     69        31        70        30        63        37   
   Pacific................     70        30        69        31        75        25   

   1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private
 households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See
 Technical Note for further explanation.
   2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average
 wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below
 the threshold.  The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using
 ECEC data for March 2014.
 
 Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication
 criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the
 "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20122013.htm.


 Table 5. Life insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,(1) National Compensation Survey, March
 2014

 (All workers = 100 percent)
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                    
                                    Civilian(2)                 Private industry         State and local government 
                                                                                                                    
      Characteristics                                                                                               
                             Access  Particip-  Take-up    Access  Particip-  Take-up    Access  Particip-  Take-up 
                                       ation      rate               ation      rate               ation      rate  
                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                    
 All workers..............     60        59        97        57        55        97        79        78        98   
                                                                                                                    
  Worker characteristics                                                                                            
                                                                                                                    
 Management, professional,                                                                                          
 and related..............     78        77        99        78        77        99        80        78        97   
   Management, business,                                                                                            
   and financial..........     86        86        99        87        86        99        –         –         –    
   Professional and                                                                                                 
   related................     75        74        98        73        72        99        79        77        97   
     Teachers.............     74        72        98        –         –         –         78        76        97   
       Primary, secondary,                                                                                          
       and special                                                                                                  
       education school                                                                                             
       teachers...........     82        80        98        –         –         –         86        84        98   
     Registered nurses....     76        75        99        –         –         –         –         –         –    
 Service..................     34        33        94        27        26        93        76        74        98   
   Protective service.....     70        67        96        48        42        89        86        85        99   
 Sales and office.........     59        57        97        57        55        97        79        78        98   
   Sales and related......     46        44        95        46        44        95        –         –         –    
   Office and                                                                                                       
   administrative support      66        64        98        64        62        98        80        78        98   
 Natural resources,                                                                                                 
 construction, and                                                                                                  
 maintenance..............     60        59        98        57        55        98        91        89        98   
   Construction,                                                                                                    
   extraction, farming,                                                                                             
   fishing, and forestry..     53        52        98        48        47        98        –         –         –    
   Installation,                                                                                                    
   maintenance, and repair     66        65        98        64        63        98        –         –         –    
 Production,                                                                                                        
 transportation, and                                                                                                
 material moving..........     66        64        97        66        63        97        76        76        99   
   Production.............     74        72        97        74        71        97        –         –         –    
   Transportation and                                                                                               
   material moving........     59        57        97        58        56        97        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Full time................     75        74        98        72        71        98        90        88        98   
 Part time................     14        12        88        13        11        87        22        21        96   
                                                                                                                    
 Union....................     86        84        98        86        84        98        86        85        98   
 Nonunion.................     56        54        97        54        53        97        74        72        97   
                                                                                                                    
 Average wage within the                                                                                            
 following categories(3):                                                                                           
   Lowest 25 percent......     26        23        91        22        20        89        61        60        97   
     Lowest 10 percent....     14        12        88        13        11        87        47        45        96   
   Second 25 percent......     62        61        98        58        57        97        84        83        98   
   Third 25 percent.......     76        75        98        73        71        98        84        83        98   
   Highest 25 perecent....     86        84        99        84        84        99        89        87        97   
     Highest 10 percent...     89        88        99        89        89        99        89        86        96   
                                                                                                                    
       Establishment                                                                                                
     characteristics                                                                                                
                                                                                                                    
 Goods-producing                                                                                                    
 industries...............     73        71        97        73        71        97        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Service-providing                                                                                                  
 industries...............     58        57        97        54        52        97        79        77        98   
   Education and health                                                                                             
   services...............     68        67        98        62        61        99        79        77        97   
     Educational services      76        74        98        66        66       100        79        77        97   
       Elementary and                                                                                               
       secondary schools..     76        75        98        –         –         –         78        76        98   
       Junior colleges,                                                                                             
       colleges, and                                                                                                
       universities.......     83        80        97        86        86       100        81        77        95   
     Health care and                                                                                                
     social assistance....     63        61        98        61        60        98        81        78        96   
       Hospitals..........     87        85        98        –         –         –         90        87        97   
   Public administration..     83        81        99        –         –         –         83        81        99   
                                                                                                                    
 1 to 99 workers..........     41        40        97        40        39        97        62        61        98   
   1 to 49 workers........     36        35        97        35        34        97        60        59        97   
   50 to 99 workers.......     55        53        96        55        52        96        65        64        99   
 100 workers or more......     78        76        98        77        75        98        82        80        98   
   100 to 499 workers.....     71        68        97        70        68        97        74        73        98   
   500 workers or more....     85        84        98        86        85        99        84        82        98   
                                                                                                                    
     Geographic areas                                                                                               
                                                                                                                    
 Northeast................     59        58        99        56        55        99        81        79        98   
   New England............     59        57        98        56        56        99        73        67        91   
   Middle Atlantic........     59        58        99        55        54        99        84        84       100   
 South....................     63        61        96        60        57        96        82        79        97   
   South Atlantic.........     62        60        97        58        56        97        83        81        98   
   East South Central.....     65        63        96        60        58        97        85        79        93   
   West South Central.....     64        61        95        62        58        95        78        76        98   
 Midwest..................     63        61        97        61        59        97        79        77        98   
   East North Central.....     65        63        97        62        61        97        79        76        97   
   West North Central.....     60        59        98        57        55        98        78        78        99   
 West.....................     54        53        98        50        49        98        75        74        99   
   Mountain...............     58        57        97        55        54        97        79        78        99   
   Pacific................     52        51        98        48        47        98        73        72        99   

   1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan,
 rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details.
   2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
 sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
   3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which
 may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.  The categories were formed using percentile
 estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2014.
 
 Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of
 major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at
 www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20122013.htm.


 Table 6. Selected paid leave benefits: Access, National Compensation Survey, March 2014

 (All workers = 100 percent)
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                    
                                    Civilian(1)                 Private industry         State and local government 
                                                                                                                    
      Characteristics                                                                                               
                           Paid sick    Paid      Paid   Paid sick    Paid      Paid   Paid sick    Paid      Paid  
                             leave    vacation  holidays   leave    vacation  holidays   leave    vacation  holidays
                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                    
 All workers..............     65        74        75        61        77        76        89        59        67   
                                                                                                                    
  Worker characteristics                                                                                            
                                                                                                                    
 Management, professional,                                                                                          
 and related..............     84        76        80        82        88        89        90        43        55   
   Management, business,                                                                                            
   and financial..........     89        94        95        88        96        97        –         –         –    
   Professional and                                                                                                 
   related................     82        68        73        78        83        85        90        36        50   
     Teachers.............     85        17        36        –         –         –         89        12        31   
       Primary, secondary,                                                                                          
       and special                                                                                                  
       education school                                                                                             
       teachers...........     96        13        31        –         –         –         96         9        27   
     Registered nurses....     81        83        85        –         –         –         –         –         –    
 Service..................     46        58        55        40        55        51        85        76        78   
   Protective service.....     71        80        82        46        68        75        90        89        87   
 Sales and office.........     66        79        79        63        78        79        89        84        85   
   Sales and related......     51        68        68        51        68        68        –         –         –    
   Office and                                                                                                       
   administrative support      74        85        86        71        85        86        90        84        85   
 Natural resources,                                                                                                 
 construction, and                                                                                                  
 maintenance..............     58        82        84        54        81        83        95        95        96   
   Construction,                                                                                                    
   extraction, farming,                                                                                             
   fishing, and forestry..     44        69        74        38        66        72        –         –         –    
   Installation,                                                                                                    
   maintenance, and repair     70        94        93        67        93        93        –         –         –    
 Production,                                                                                                        
 transportation, and                                                                                                
 material moving..........     57        82        84        56        82        84        88        63        72   
   Production.............     59        91        92        58        91        92        –         –         –    
   Transportation and                                                                                               
   material moving........     55        73        76        53        74        77        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Full time................     78        87        87        74        91        90        98        66        74   
 Part time................     25        34        36        24        35        37        41        21        30   
                                                                                                                    
 Union....................     83        75        81        70        91        91        97        57        69   
 Nonunion.................     62        74        74        60        75        75        82        61        66   
                                                                                                                    
 Average wage within the                                                                                            
 following categories(2):                                                                                           
   Lowest 25 percent......     34        51        50        30        49        48        74        55        62   
     Lowest 10 percent....     21        39        36        20        39        34        61        40        48   
   Second 25 percent......     68        82        83        64        83        83        93        84        87   
   Third 25 percent.......     78        89        90        73        90        90        93        65        73   
   Highest 25 perecent....     87        79        83        84        91        92        97        37        50   
     Highest 10 percent...     90        79        82        87        93        93        98        37        47   
                                                                                                                    
       Establishment                                                                                                
     characteristics                                                                                                
                                                                                                                    
 Goods-producing                                                                                                    
 industries...............     59        89        90        59        89        90        –         –         –    
                                                                                                                    
 Service-providing                                                                                                  
 industries...............     66        71        73        61        74        74        89        59        67   
   Education and health                                                                                             
   services...............     80        66        72        74        80        81        90        42        55   
     Educational services      87        40        53        75        55        65        90        35        50   
       Elementary and                                                                                               
       secondary schools..     90        27        42        –         –         –         91        26        41   
       Junior colleges,                                                                                             
       colleges, and                                                                                                
       universities.......     85        67        78        81        73        81        88        64        77   
     Health care and                                                                                                
     social assistance....     75        84        84        74        84        84        88        88        89   
       Hospitals..........     86        91        91        –         –         –         92        94        94   
   Public administration..     89        89        88        –         –         –         89        89        88   
                                                                                                                    
 1 to 99 workers..........     53        69        68        52        69        68        79        65        68   
   1 to 49 workers........     51        66        67        50        66        67        70        64        67   
   50 to 99 workers.......     58        75        73        56        76        73        90        66        70   
 100 workers or more......     76        79        81        72        85        86        91        58        67   
   100 to 499 workers.....     68        79        79        65        82        81        88        60        64   
   500 workers or more....     85        78        83        81        91        92        92        58        68   
                                                                                                                    
     Geographic areas                                                                                               
                                                                                                                    
 Northeast................     69        73        75        65        76        77        89        56        60   
   New England............     67        69        72        63        73        75        88        47        53   
   Middle Atlantic........     69        74        76        66        77        78        90        59        63   
 South....................     66        76        77        61        78        78        90        62        69   
   South Atlantic.........     67        76        78        62        78        78        92        65        77   
   East South Central.....     63        74        76        57        76        78        90        64        71   
   West South Central.....     66        76        76        62        80        79        88        54        56   
 Midwest..................     61        74        76        57        78        77        87        55        67   
   East North Central.....     61        75        76        57        78        77        86        53        66   
   West North Central.....     63        74        76        58        77        77        90        58        69   
 West.....................     64        71        72        60        73        72        89        63        69   
   Mountain...............     61        72        69        57        75        71        83        53        58   
   Pacific................     66        71        73        61        72        73        91        66        73   

   1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
 sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation.
   2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which
 may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold.  The categories were formed using percentile
 estimates generated using ECEC data for March 2014.
 
 Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of
 major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at
 www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20122013.htm.

Last Modified Date: November 20, 2017