Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                             USDL-22-0105
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 28, 2022

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  *  ncsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  pressoffice@bls.gov

				EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX � December 2021
				
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.0 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month
period ending in December 2021, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and
salaries increased 1.1 percent and benefit costs increased 0.9 percent from September 2021. (See
tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 4.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in
December 2021 and increased 2.5 percent in December 2020. Wages and salaries increased 4.5 percent
for the 12-month period ending in December 2021 and increased 2.6 percent for the 12-month period
ending in December 2020. Benefit costs increased 2.8 percent over the year and increased 2.3
percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 4.4 percent over the year. In December
2020, the increase was 2.6 percent. Wages and salaries increased 5.0 percent for the 12-month
period ending in December 2021 and increased 2.8 percent in December 2020. The cost of benefits
increased 2.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2021 and increased 2.1 percent in
December 2020. Inflation-adjusted (constant dollar) private wages and salaries declined 1.9 percent
for the 12 months ending December 2021. Inflation-adjusted benefit costs in the private sector
declined 3.8 percent. (See tables A, 5, 9, 12 and www.bls.gov/web/eci/eci-constant-real-dollar.pdf.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period
ending in December 2021 ranged from 3.5 percent for management, professional, and related
occupations to 7.1 percent for service occupations. Within industry supersectors, compensation
cost increases ranged from 3.3 percent for financial activities to 8.0 percent for leisure and
hospitality. (See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.6 percent for the 12-month
period ending in December 2021, compared with an increase of 2.3 percent in December 2020. Wages
and salaries increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2021 and 1.8 percent
a year ago. Benefit costs increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2021.
The prior year increase was 3.1 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic impact on the December 2021 Employment Cost Index

For information on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/covid19/home.htm.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category	3-month, seasonally adjusted		12-month, not seasonally adjusted
Category	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	Jun. 2021	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Civilian workers(1)
Compensation(2)	1.3	1.0	2.5	2.6	2.9	3.7	4.0
Wages and salaries	1.5	1.1	2.6	2.7	3.2	4.2	4.5
Benefits	0.9	0.9	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.5	2.8

Private industry
Compensation(2)	1.4	1.2	2.6	2.8	3.1	4.1	4.4
Wages and salaries	1.6	1.2	2.8	3.0	3.5	4.6	5.0
Benefits	1.1	1.0	2.1	2.5	2.0	2.6	2.9

State and local government
Compensation(2)	0.8	0.7	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.3	2.6
Wages and salaries	1.0	0.7	1.8	1.6	1.6	2.4	2.7
Benefits	0.4	1.0	3.1	2.6	2.6	2.1	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes private industry and state and local government. (2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence
of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts,
coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures
Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 30,100
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 7,500 private industry establishments and
approximately 7,700 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Beginning December 2021, an
additional (fourth) private industry sample will be used in estimation to mitigate the impact of
decreasing response rates.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current
quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm.
Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within
an acceptable range for their intended purpose.

Historical listings
Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and
industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual and Occupational
Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006 to the
present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs
for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents
at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather
than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm.

Additional information
Starting with the ECI March 2022 release, inflation-adjusted or constant dollar estimates will be
available in the database at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm. ECI release dates are available on the
release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS
Economic News Release email at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec.2005=100)		Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Occupational group and industry	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	Jun. 2021	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Civilian workers
All workers(2)	146.6	148.1	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.9	0.7	1.3	1.0
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)	142.8	144.1	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.9
Manufacturing	142.6	143.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.5	1.0	1.4	0.8
Service-providing industries(4)	147.4	149.0	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.7	1.3	1.1
Education and health services	145.0	146.6	0.5	0.7	0.2	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	1.0	1.1
Educational services	145.1	146.0	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.9	0.6
Elementary and secondary schools	145.7	146.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.5
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	143.7	144.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	-0.3	0.5	0.2	0.5	1.1	0.8
Health care and social assistance	145.0	147.2	0.5	0.7	-0.1	1.1	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.3	1.5
Hospitals	145.5	147.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.9	0.7	1.0	1.6
Nursing and residential care facilities	143.9	146.5	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.7	1.8
Public administration	149.7	151.0	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.7	0.8	0.9

Private industry workers
All workers	146.3	148.0	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	143.5	144.7	0.6	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.7	1.3	0.8
Management, business, and financial	145.3	146.1	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.8	1.5	0.6
Professional and related	142.1	143.7	0.5	0.7	0.1	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	1.2	1.1
Sales and office	148.4	150.1	0.4	1.1	0.6	0.4	1.1	1.8	0.3	1.4	1.1
Sales and related	145.7	147.2	0.3	1.6	0.6	0.1	1.5	3.3	-0.5	1.5	1.0
Office and administrative support	150.2	152.0	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.9	1.3	1.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	145.3	146.8	0.6	1.0	0.2	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	145.5	146.7	0.7	1.1	-0.4	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair	145.2	146.9	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.7	1.1	0.5	0.9	1.2
Production, transportation, and material moving	149.0	151.0	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.6	1.3	1.5	1.3
Production	145.7	147.4	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.9	1.4	1.5	1.2
Transportation and material moving	153.1	155.4	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.3	1.3	1.5	1.5
Service occupations	153.1	156.0	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.2	1.7	2.1	1.9
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)	142.8	144.1	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.6	1.1	1.0	0.9
Construction	143.6	145.2	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.3	0.6	0.9	1.2	0.3	1.1
Manufacturing	142.6	143.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.5	1.0	1.4	0.8
Aircraft manufacturing	134.2	134.9	0.4	-1.6	1.4	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.6	7.0	0.5
Service-providing industries(5)	147.3	149.1	0.7	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.7	1.5	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	150.0	152.9	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.3	1.2	0.8	1.2	1.2	1.9
Wholesale trade	143.7	145.9	0.4	0.8	1.1	0.0	0.4	0.9	2.0	0.9	1.5
Retail trade	152.3	156.3	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	1.6	1.0	0.9	1.6	2.6
Transportation and warehousing	152.7	154.9	1.0	0.6	0.9	0.5	1.3	0.1	0.6	1.1	1.4
Utilities	158.0	159.3	0.7	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.8
Information	143.8	145.4	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.6	1.2	0.6	0.5	1.2	1.1
Financial activities	147.5	146.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.7	3.6	-1.7	2.0	-0.7
Finance and insurance	148.7	147.0	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.7	4.3	-2.2	2.2	-1.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	152.5	149.4	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.5	0.4	0.2	2.3	5.5	-2.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	146.3	147.8	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.1	1.0	1.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	141.9	144.0	0.6	0.1	0.8	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.8	1.0	1.5
Professional and business services	146.7	148.1	0.5	1.1	0.3	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.8	1.5	1.0
Professional, scientific, and technical services	148.4	149.7	0.4	1.2	-0.1	0.3	1.0	0.2	0.8	1.7	0.9
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	145.6	147.6	0.6	1.1	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.4
Education and health services	144.1	146.0	0.5	0.8	-0.1	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.7	1.3	1.3
Educational services	143.2	143.8	0.4	0.9	0.6	-0.2	0.7	0.3	0.3	1.5	0.4
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	143.8	144.8	0.6	0.8	0.4	-0.7	0.4	0.3	0.6	1.3	0.7
Health care and social assistance	144.3	146.5	0.5	0.8	-0.3	1.2	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.3	1.5
Hospitals	145.0	147.4	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.5	1.0	0.7	1.0	1.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	142.4	145.0	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.3	1.8	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	154.5	156.6	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.3	1.4	2.5	2.5	1.4
Accommodation and food services	157.5	159.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.4	0.6	1.5	2.6	2.5	1.5
Other services, except public administration	148.4	150.4	1.2	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.3

State and local government workers
All workers	147.7	148.8	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.7
Industry
Education and health services	146.1	147.2	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.8	0.8
Educational services	145.6	146.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.6
Schools	145.5	146.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.7
Elementary and secondary schools	146.2	147.0	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health care and social assistance	150.3	152.2	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.5	0.9	0.9	1.3
Hospitals	147.4	149.2	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.6	1.0	0.8	1.2
Public administration	149.7	151.0	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.2	0.7	0.8	0.9
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. (5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)		Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Occupational group and industry	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	Jun. 2021	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Civilian workers
All workers(1)	146.2	147.8	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.8	1.0	0.9	1.5	1.1
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	145.0	146.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	1.3	0.8	1.2
Manufacturing	145.2	146.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.2	1.0
Service-providing industries(3)	146.5	148.1	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1
Education and health services	141.0	142.5	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	1.2	1.1
Educational services	137.0	137.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.5	0.4	0.4	1.0	0.4
Elementary and secondary schools	135.8	136.3	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.7	0.4
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	138.3	139.1	0.5	0.6	0.4	-0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	1.2	0.6
Health care and social assistance	145.3	147.7	0.6	0.9	-0.4	1.2	0.6	0.8	0.9	1.5	1.7
Hospitals	145.1	147.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.8
Nursing and residential care facilities	145.6	148.5	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.9	1.3	2.0	2.0

Private industry workers
All workers	148.1	149.9	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.6	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.6	1.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	144.8	146.0	0.5	0.8	0.1	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.8	1.5	0.8
Professional and related	143.4	145.1	0.7	1.0	-0.1	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.6	1.3	1.2
Management, business, and financial	146.8	147.4	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.5	1.1	1.8	0.4
Sales and office	150.4	152.0	0.4	1.4	0.6	0.4	1.2	2.2	0.4	1.6	1.1
Office and administrative support	151.3	153.3	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.7	1.2	1.5	1.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	145.7	147.3	0.7	1.2	0.1	0.7	0.6	1.2	0.9	1.0	1.1
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	146.0	147.3	0.7	1.4	-0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	1.4	1.2	0.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair	145.4	147.3	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.7	1.4	0.5	0.9	1.3
Production, transportation, and material moving	151.6	154.2	1.1	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.8	1.8	1.5	1.7
Production	148.1	150.1	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.8	1.2	1.7	1.3	1.4
Transportation and material moving	155.8	158.8	1.2	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.2	0.4	1.8	1.6	1.9
Service occupations	156.4	159.6	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.4	2.1	2.3	2.1

Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	145.1	146.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.6	1.3	0.8	1.1
Construction	144.8	146.6	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.3	0.7	0.9	1.4	0.3	1.3
Manufacturing	145.2	146.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.2	1.0
Aircraft manufacturing	150.4	151.2	0.6	-0.2	1.5	0.9	0.7	0.0	0.7	0.1	0.6
Service-providing industries(4)	148.9	150.7	0.7	1.0	0.4	0.6	0.9	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	150.7	154.1	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.3	1.3	0.8	1.5	1.3	2.3
Wholesale trade	141.5	144.0	0.4	0.9	1.3	-0.2	0.4	0.8	2.4	1.1	1.8
Retail trade	154.7	159.3	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.5	1.9	1.0	1.2	1.7	3.0
Transportation and warehousing	154.9	157.4	1.3	0.8	1.0	0.5	1.5	0.3	1.0	1.2	1.6
Utilities	152.7	154.1	0.6	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.3	1.2	0.9
Information	143.1	144.6	0.7	0.9	0.2	0.5	1.4	1.0	0.5	1.2	1.0
Financial activities	150.5	148.3	0.6	0.9	0.5	0.1	0.8	5.0	-2.2	2.7	-1.5
Finance and insurance	152.6	149.3	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.0	1.0	6.0	-2.9	3.0	-2.2
Credit intermediation and related activities	156.5	151.4	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.0	3.7	7.7	-3.3
Insurance carriers and related activities	145.7	147.0	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.1	1.1	0.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	141.7	144.1	0.7	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.4	1.2	1.1	1.7
Professional and business services	148.3	149.8	0.6	1.4	0.1	0.4	0.9	0.3	1.1	1.6	1.0
Professional, scientific, and technical services	149.8	151.1	0.5	1.8	-0.3	0.2	1.0	-0.2	1.2	1.8	0.8
Education and health services	144.9	147.0	0.5	0.9	-0.3	1.0	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.5	1.4
Educational services	142.4	142.7	0.4	1.0	0.6	-0.3	0.8	0.5	0.4	1.6	0.2
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	141.4	142.1	0.6	0.9	0.4	-0.9	0.4	0.4	0.9	1.1	0.5
Health care and social assistance	145.4	147.9	0.6	0.9	-0.6	1.3	0.6	0.8	1.0	1.5	1.7
Hospitals	145.7	148.3	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	1.0	0.9	1.3	1.8
Nursing and resideal care facilities	146.1	149.0	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.3	2.1	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	159.5	162.0	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.4	1.6	2.8	2.6	1.6
Accommodation and food services	162.5	165.3	1.3	1.0	1.1	1.6	0.6	1.7	2.9	2.6	1.8
Other services, except public administration	150.0	152.2	1.3	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.5

State and local government workers
All workers	138.0	138.9	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.5	1.0	0.7
Industry
Education and health services	136.7	137.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.9	0.6
Educational services	135.9	136.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.4
Schools	135.9	136.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.4
Elementary and secondary schools	135.5	136.1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.4
Health care and social assistance	143.6	145.4	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.5	1.3
Hospitals	142.8	144.5	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.5	0.5	1.0	1.6	1.2
Public administration	139.7	140.8	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.1	0.5	0.4	0.5	1.5	0.8
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)		Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Occupational group and industry	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	Jun. 2021	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Civilian workers
All workers(1)	147.6	149.0	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.9	0.9

Private industry workers
All workers	142.1	143.5	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.3	1.1	1.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	140.3	141.7	0.5	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.3	1.0	1.0
Sales and office	143.4	145.1	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.4	0.8	0.7	-0.1	0.9	1.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	144.7	145.8	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	143.7	144.7	0.4	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.8	0.2	0.5	1.5	0.7
Service occupations	142.7	144.1	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.5	1.4	1.0
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	138.1	138.8	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.6	0.7	0.5	1.2	0.5
Manufacturing	137.7	138.2	0.2	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.4	0.4	1.6	0.4
Service-providing industries(3)	143.6	145.2	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.1	1.1	1.1

State and local government workers
All workers(1)	166.8	168.4	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.7	0.4	1.0
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
All workers(2)	142.2	146.7	147.9	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.5	3.7	4.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)	142.3	146.3	147.8	0.6	1.2	1.0	2.5	3.4	3.9
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	140.5	144.2	145.0	0.4	1.3	0.6	2.0	3.0	3.2
Management, business, and financial	141.3	145.5	146.0	0.2	1.5	0.3	1.8	3.2	3.3
Professional and related	140.1	143.4	144.5	0.4	1.2	0.8	2.1	2.8	3.1
Sales and office	143.7	148.7	150.1	0.9	1.3	0.9	3.2	4.4	4.5
Sales and related	139.7	145.8	147.2	1.3	1.4	1.0	3.8	5.7	5.4
Office and administrative support	146.0	150.3	151.6	0.6	1.2	0.9	2.7	3.6	3.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.7	145.7	147.0	0.5	0.9	0.9	2.4	3.3	3.7
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	141.6	145.7	146.9	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.9	3.5	3.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair	141.9	145.8	147.1	0.4	1.0	0.9	2.8	3.1	3.7
Production, transportation, and material moving	144.2	149.3	151.1	0.8	1.5	1.2	3.3	4.3	4.8
Production	140.5	145.8	147.5	0.7	1.3	1.2	3.2	4.5	5.0
Transportation and material moving	148.5	153.3	155.5	0.9	1.5	1.4	3.5	4.1	4.7
Service occupations	146.7	153.2	155.6	0.8	1.9	1.6	3.3	5.3	6.1
Industry
Goods-producing industries(4)	139.0	142.9	144.0	0.6	0.9	0.8	2.4	3.4	3.6
Manufacturing	138.5	142.5	143.5	0.7	1.2	0.7	2.4	3.6	3.6
Service-providing industries(5)	142.8	147.3	148.7	0.6	1.4	1.0	2.6	3.7	4.1
Education and health services	141.7	145.1	146.5	0.5	1.4	1.0	2.2	2.9	3.4
Educational services	142.4	145.2	145.9	0.4	1.5	0.5	2.2	2.4	2.5
Elementary and secondary schools	143.0	145.7	146.3	0.5	1.5	0.4	2.4	2.4	2.3
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	141.1	143.9	144.8	0.4	1.6	0.6	1.3	2.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	141.0	145.0	147.3	0.6	1.3	1.6	2.2	3.4	4.5
Hospitals	141.6	145.4	147.7	0.5	1.0	1.6	2.2	3.2	4.3
Nursing and residential care facilities	138.5	143.8	146.4	0.8	1.7	1.8	3.0	4.7	5.7
Public administration	146.8	149.6	150.6	0.4	1.1	0.7	2.4	2.3	2.6
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
All workers	141.6	146.4	147.8	0.6	1.4	1.0	2.6	4.1	4.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	141.6	145.9	147.6	0.6	1.1	1.2	2.5	3.6	4.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	139.5	143.5	144.4	0.4	1.3	0.6	2.0	3.2	3.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	138.8	142.1	143.4	0.4	0.9	0.9	2.0	2.7	3.3
Management, business, and financial	141.0	145.3	145.8	0.2	1.4	0.3	1.9	3.3	3.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	139.9	142.9	144.0	0.3	0.8	0.8	1.8	2.4	2.9
Professional and related	138.4	142.2	143.4	0.4	1.2	0.8	2.1	3.2	3.6
Sales and office	143.2	148.5	149.9	0.9	1.3	0.9	3.2	4.7	4.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	145.0	149.5	151.6	0.8	1.0	1.4	2.9	3.9	4.6
Sales and related	139.6	145.7	147.1	1.3	1.4	1.0	3.8	5.7	5.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	143.9	148.2	151.5	1.2	0.7	2.2	3.5	4.2	5.3
Office and administrative support	145.6	150.2	151.7	0.6	1.2	1.0	2.6	3.7	4.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.3	145.5	146.7	0.5	0.9	0.8	2.5	3.5	3.8
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	141.2	145.5	146.6	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.9	3.6	3.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair	141.4	145.4	146.8	0.4	0.9	1.0	3.0	3.3	3.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	143.8	149.0	150.9	0.8	1.5	1.3	3.3	4.4	4.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	143.6	148.6	150.6	0.8	1.4	1.3	3.3	4.3	4.9
Production	140.3	145.7	147.3	0.7	1.4	1.1	3.2	4.6	5.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	140.8	146.1	147.9	0.7	1.4	1.2	3.2	4.5	5.0
Transportation and material moving	148.2	153.2	155.3	0.9	1.6	1.4	3.5	4.3	4.8
Service occupations	145.6	153.1	155.9	0.9	2.0	1.8	3.6	6.1	7.1
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3)	138.9	142.8	144.0	0.5	0.9	0.8	2.3	3.3	3.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	138.8	142.9	144.0	0.5	1.0	0.8	2.1	3.5	3.7
Management, professional, and related	135.6	138.5	139.3	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.7	2.4	2.7
Sales and office	143.4	146.6	148.3	0.6	0.3	1.2	2.5	2.8	3.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	140.7	144.9	146.0	0.6	1.0	0.8	2.1	3.6	3.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	139.2	144.1	145.6	0.7	1.4	1.0	3.0	4.3	4.6
Construction	140.3	143.9	145.2	0.4	0.4	0.9	2.4	3.0	3.5
Manufacturing	138.5	142.5	143.5	0.7	1.2	0.7	2.4	3.6	3.6
Management, professional, and related	136.9	139.8	140.5	0.4	0.8	0.5	1.9	2.6	2.6
Sales and office occupations	140.6	145.0	145.7	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.5	3.6	3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	139.4	143.3	144.2	0.9	1.3	0.6	3.1	3.7	3.4
Production, transportation, and material moving	138.9	143.8	145.2	0.7	1.4	1.0	3.0	4.3	4.5
Aircraft manufacturing	123.1	136.8	136.9	0.1	9.0	0.1	0.7	11.2	11.2
Service-providing industries(4)	142.4	147.4	148.9	0.6	1.4	1.0	2.7	4.2	4.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	142.5	146.9	148.7	0.6	1.2	1.2	2.7	3.7	4.4
Management, professional, and related	140.2	144.4	145.4	0.3	1.4	0.7	2.0	3.3	3.7
Sales and office	143.2	148.7	150.1	1.0	1.4	0.9	3.2	4.9	4.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	142.4	146.4	147.8	0.4	0.8	1.0	3.0	3.2	3.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	149.0	154.4	156.7	0.9	1.5	1.5	3.6	4.5	5.2
Service occupations	145.6	153.1	155.9	0.9	2.0	1.8	3.6	6.1	7.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	145.1	150.1	152.6	0.9	1.2	1.7	3.1	4.4	5.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	146.0	150.2	152.6	1.0	1.1	1.6	3.3	3.9	4.5
Wholesale trade	138.1	143.9	145.6	0.1	1.1	1.2	2.4	4.3	5.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	142.1	146.1	148.2	0.6	1.0	1.4	2.2	3.5	4.3
Retail trade	146.7	152.3	156.0	1.4	1.3	2.4	3.5	5.3	6.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	145.8	150.8	153.9	1.4	1.3	2.1	4.0	4.9	5.6
Transportation and warehousing	149.6	153.0	154.7	0.9	1.3	1.1	3.3	3.2	3.4
Utilities	154.0	157.8	158.5	0.5	0.6	0.4	2.4	2.9	2.9
Information	139.9	143.9	144.7	0.6	1.1	0.6	3.1	3.5	3.4
Financial activities	141.4	147.6	146.0	0.1	1.8	-1.1	2.3	4.5	3.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	141.5	144.8	146.0	0.0	0.6	0.8	2.2	2.3	3.2
Finance and insurance	142.0	148.8	146.5	0.2	1.9	-1.5	2.5	5.0	3.2
Credit intermediation and related activities	140.5	152.8	148.8	-0.1	5.2	-2.6	2.5	8.6	5.9
Excluding incentive paid	144.2	147.5	148.4	0.1	0.7	0.6	2.3	2.4	2.9
Insurance carriers and related activities	143.0	146.4	147.1	0.2	0.5	0.5	2.4	2.6	2.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	142.0	144.8	145.8	0.1	0.4	0.7	2.3	2.0	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	138.8	142.2	143.9	0.0	1.1	1.2	1.8	2.4	3.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	142.7	146.5	148.1	0.0	1.1	1.1	1.9	2.7	3.8
Professional and business services	142.4	146.7	147.9	0.7	1.5	0.8	2.7	3.7	3.9
Professional, scientific, and technical services	144.0	148.4	149.2	0.8	1.7	0.5	2.5	3.8	3.6
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	140.3	145.6	147.5	0.9	1.4	1.3	3.3	4.7	5.1
Education and health services	140.2	144.2	146.1	0.5	1.4	1.3	2.2	3.4	4.2
Educational services	140.4	143.6	144.0	0.6	2.1	0.3	2.0	2.9	2.6
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	140.8	144.1	144.9	0.3	1.8	0.6	0.9	2.6	2.9
Health care and social assistance	140.2	144.3	146.6	0.6	1.3	1.6	2.3	3.5	4.6
Hospitals	141.1	145.0	147.4	0.5	1.0	1.7	2.2	3.3	4.5
Nursing and residential care facilities	136.8	142.4	145.0	0.7	1.8	1.8	3.0	4.9	6.0
Nursing care facilities(2)	136.1	141.8	144.1	0.9	1.8	1.6	3.0	5.1	5.9
Leisure and hospitality	144.7	154.1	156.3	0.4	2.3	1.4	3.4	6.9	8.0
Accommodation and food service	147.3	157.1	159.6	0.5	2.3	1.6	4.0	7.2	8.4
Other services, except public administration	142.3	148.4	150.1	0.4	1.4	1.1	2.2	4.7	5.5
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Bargaining status
Union	146.3	150.1	151.2	0.5	1.1	0.7	2.8	3.1	3.3
Goods-producing industries(2)	140.8	145.3	146.2	0.5	1.5	0.6	2.8	3.7	3.8
Manufacturing	134.7	139.5	140.7	0.9	2.4	0.9	3.8	4.5	4.5
Service-providing industries(3)	150.2	153.8	155.0	0.4	0.9	0.8	2.7	2.8	3.2
Nonunion	140.9	145.8	147.2	0.6	1.4	1.0	2.6	4.1	4.5
Goods-producing industries(2)	138.3	142.1	143.3	0.5	0.8	0.8	2.1	3.3	3.6
Manufacturing	139.5	143.4	144.4	0.6	1.0	0.7	2.1	3.4	3.5
Service-providing industries(3)	141.6	146.8	148.2	0.6	1.5	1.0	2.7	4.3	4.7
Census region and division(4)
Northeast	144.0	148.4	149.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.3	3.7	3.9
New England	147.0	152.2	153.4	0.3	1.2	0.8	2.1	3.9	4.4
Middle Atlantic	142.9	147.1	148.3	0.7	1.4	0.8	2.4	3.7	3.8
South	139.3	144.6	145.6	0.7	1.6	0.7	2.6	4.5	4.5
South Atlantic	141.8	146.3	147.5	0.8	1.2	0.8	2.8	4.0	4.0
East South Central	137.4	143.5	145.6	0.2	1.9	1.5	1.4	4.7	6.0
West South Central	135.9	142.1	142.5	0.6	2.3	0.3	2.7	5.2	4.9
Midwest	139.1	143.5	145.5	0.7	1.2	1.4	2.5	3.8	4.6
East North Central	137.6	141.9	143.8	0.7	1.3	1.3	2.6	3.8	4.5
West North Central	142.9	147.3	149.6	0.6	1.0	1.6	2.5	3.7	4.7
West	145.1	150.1	151.4	0.5	1.2	0.9	3.0	3.9	4.3
Mountain	142.0	147.4	149.3	0.4	1.0	1.3	2.9	4.2	5.1
Pacific	146.4	151.3	152.4	0.5	1.2	0.7	3.0	3.8	4.1
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
All workers	144.9	147.6	148.6	0.4	1.2	0.7	2.3	2.3	2.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	143.2	145.8	146.6	0.4	1.3	0.5	2.1	2.2	2.4
Professional and related	143.1	145.7	146.5	0.4	1.3	0.5	2.1	2.2	2.4
Sales and office	148.0	150.6	151.4	0.6	1.1	0.5	2.8	2.4	2.3
Office and administrative support	148.1	150.7	151.4	0.6	1.1	0.5	2.8	2.4	2.2
Service occupations	149.1	152.7	154.1	0.6	1.5	0.9	2.8	3.0	3.4
Industry
Education and health services	143.4	146.2	147.0	0.5	1.5	0.5	2.2	2.5	2.5
Educational services	142.9	145.6	146.4	0.4	1.4	0.5	2.1	2.2	2.4
Schools	142.9	145.6	146.3	0.4	1.5	0.5	2.2	2.3	2.4
Elementary and secondary schools	143.4	146.2	146.8	0.4	1.5	0.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
Health care and social assistance	146.7	150.2	152.1	0.7	1.1	1.3	2.2	3.1	3.7
Hospitals	143.9	147.3	149.2	0.6	1.0	1.3	2.2	3.0	3.7
Public administration	146.8	149.6	150.6	0.4	1.1	0.7	2.4	2.3	2.6
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
All workers(1)	141.3	146.3	147.7	0.6	1.5	1.0	2.6	4.2	4.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	140.9	145.3	147.0	0.6	1.3	1.2	2.5	3.7	4.3

Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	138.7	142.7	143.4	0.3	1.5	0.5	1.9	3.2	3.4
Management, business, and financial	141.0	145.8	146.1	0.2	1.7	0.2	1.7	3.6	3.6
Professional and related	137.5	141.0	142.0	0.4	1.4	0.7	2.0	2.9	3.3
Sales and office	143.4	149.5	150.9	1.0	1.5	0.9	3.4	5.3	5.2
Sales and related	141.4	148.8	150.0	1.6	1.6	0.8	4.2	6.9	6.1
Office and administrative support	144.7	149.6	151.2	0.6	1.4	1.1	2.8	4.0	4.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	140.8	145.3	146.7	0.6	1.0	1.0	2.6	3.8	4.2
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	140.5	145.3	146.7	0.6	1.0	1.0	2.1	4.1	4.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair	141.2	145.3	146.9	0.5	1.0	1.1	3.1	3.4	4.0
Production, transportation, and material moving	145.3	151.3	153.6	0.8	1.5	1.5	3.6	5.0	5.7
Production	141.9	148.0	150.1	0.6	1.2	1.4	3.2	5.0	5.8
Transportation and material moving	149.0	154.9	157.5	1.0	1.8	1.7	3.9	5.0	5.7
Service occupations	145.7	153.2	156.1	0.9	2.1	1.9	3.5	6.1	7.1

Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)	140.9	145.0	146.5	0.6	0.8	1.0	2.5	3.5	4.0
Manufacturing	140.7	145.0	146.4	0.6	1.0	1.0	2.6	3.7	4.1
Service-providing industries(4)	141.3	146.5	147.9	0.6	1.7	1.0	2.6	4.3	4.7
Education and health services	137.6	141.2	142.6	0.5	1.6	1.0	2.0	3.1	3.6
Educational services	134.8	137.4	137.8	0.4	1.6	0.3	1.8	2.3	2.2
Elementary and secondary schools	133.8	136.3	136.5	0.3	1.5	0.1	2.0	2.2	2.0
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities	135.6	138.6	139.3	0.3	1.8	0.5	1.0	2.5	2.7
Health care and social assistance	140.7	145.3	147.8	0.6	1.5	1.7	2.2	3.9	5.0
Hospitals	140.6	145.0	147.7	0.6	1.2	1.9	2.2	3.7	5.0
Nursing and residential care facilities	139.4	145.5	148.4	0.9	2.0	2.0	3.4	5.3	6.5
Public administration	136.5	139.8	140.8	0.4	1.7	0.7	1.7	2.9	3.2
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Index value (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
All workers	142.6	148.2	149.7	0.6	1.6	1.0	2.8	4.6	5.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	142.4	147.1	149.0	0.6	1.2	1.3	2.7	4.0	4.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	140.4	144.9	145.8	0.3	1.5	0.6	2.0	3.5	3.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	139.2	142.7	144.1	0.4	1.0	1.0	2.0	2.9	3.5
Management, business, and financial	141.7	146.9	147.1	0.2	1.8	0.1	1.8	3.9	3.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	139.8	142.8	144.0	0.4	0.8	0.8	1.7	2.5	3.0
Professional and related	139.5	143.5	144.9	0.4	1.3	1.0	2.1	3.3	3.9
Sales and office	144.1	150.4	151.9	1.1	1.5	1.0	3.5	5.5	5.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	145.7	150.8	153.2	0.9	1.2	1.6	3.2	4.4	5.1
Sales and related	141.5	148.9	150.1	1.6	1.6	0.8	4.2	6.9	6.1
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	145.7	150.5	154.1	1.5	0.8	2.4	3.9	4.8	5.8
Office and administrative support	146.0	151.3	153.0	0.7	1.4	1.1	2.9	4.3	4.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.2	145.8	147.2	0.6	1.0	1.0	2.8	3.9	4.2
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	141.0	145.9	147.2	0.6	1.0	0.9	2.2	4.1	4.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair	141.4	145.7	147.2	0.5	1.0	1.0	3.3	3.6	4.1
Production, transportation, and material moving	145.5	151.6	153.9	0.9	1.5	1.5	3.6	5.1	5.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	145.2	151.2	153.6	0.8	1.5	1.6	3.5	5.0	5.8
Production	141.8	148.0	150.0	0.7	1.2	1.4	3.2	5.1	5.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	142.3	148.5	150.6	0.6	1.2	1.4	3.3	5.0	5.8
Transportation and material moving	149.7	155.8	158.5	1.0	1.8	1.7	4.0	5.1	5.9
Service occupations	147.6	156.2	159.5	1.0	2.2	2.1	3.8	6.8	8.1
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(2)	141.0	145.1	146.6	0.6	0.8	1.0	2.5	3.5	4.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	140.7	145.1	146.5	0.6	0.8	1.0	2.3	3.7	4.1
Management, professional, and related	139.2	141.7	142.7	0.3	0.3	0.7	2.1	2.1	2.5
Sales and office	146.9	150.3	152.4	0.7	0.1	1.4	3.3	3.0	3.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.0	145.7	147.0	0.6	1.0	0.9	2.2	4.0	4.3
Production, transportation, and material moving	140.8	146.7	148.6	0.6	1.3	1.3	3.0	4.9	5.5
Construction	141.2	145.1	146.6	0.5	0.5	1.0	2.8	3.3	3.8
Manufacturing	140.7	145.0	146.4	0.6	1.0	1.0	2.6	3.7	4.1
Management, professional, and related	140.2	142.5	143.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	2.5	2.2	2.3
Sales and office	142.1	147.1	147.9	0.8	1.1	0.5	0.7	4.3	4.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	142.1	146.5	147.6	0.9	1.1	0.8	3.3	4.0	3.9
Production, transportation, and material moving	140.7	146.5	148.4	0.7	1.3	1.3	3.1	4.9	5.5
Aircraft manufacturing	148.2	150.3	150.2	0.1	-0.3	-0.1	2.8	1.5	1.3
Service-providing industries(3)	143.1	149.0	150.5	0.7	1.7	1.0	2.9	4.9	5.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	142.9	147.7	149.8	0.7	1.3	1.4	2.9	4.1	4.8
Management, professional, and related	140.7	145.4	146.3	0.4	1.6	0.6	2.0	3.7	4.0
Sales and office	143.8	150.4	151.8	1.1	1.6	0.9	3.5	5.7	5.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.4	146.0	147.5	0.5	1.0	1.0	3.4	3.8	4.3
Production, transportation, and material moving	150.1	156.5	159.3	1.0	1.6	1.8	4.0	5.3	6.1
Service occupations	147.6	156.2	159.5	1.0	2.2	2.1	3.9	6.8	8.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	144.9	150.8	153.7	1.0	1.4	1.9	3.4	5.1	6.1
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	145.5	150.3	153.1	1.2	1.3	1.9	3.6	4.5	5.2
Wholesale trade	135.3	141.8	143.6	-0.1	1.5	1.3	2.4	4.7	6.1
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	138.8	143.0	145.3	0.7	1.1	1.6	2.4	3.7	4.7
Retail trade	148.6	154.8	159.0	1.6	1.5	2.7	4.0	5.9	7.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	147.2	152.8	156.3	1.6	1.5	2.3	4.4	5.5	6.2
Transportation and warehousing	150.5	155.0	157.0	1.1	1.4	1.3	3.9	4.2	4.3
Utilities	148.7	152.5	153.4	0.2	0.7	0.6	2.1	2.8	3.2
Information	138.9	143.3	144.3	0.9	1.1	0.7	3.0	4.1	3.9
Financial activities	142.2	150.6	147.8	0.4	2.4	-1.9	2.3	6.3	3.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	141.1	144.7	146.0	0.1	0.8	0.9	2.0	2.7	3.5
Finance and insurance	143.3	152.8	148.8	0.5	2.7	-2.6	2.4	7.2	3.8
Credit intermediation and related activities	139.4	156.7	150.7	-0.2	7.4	-3.8	2.4	12.2	8.1
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	142.4	146.4	147.5	0.3	0.8	0.8	1.9	3.1	3.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	142.1	145.7	146.3	0.5	0.6	0.4	2.7	3.0	3.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	139.8	142.6	143.6	0.2	0.4	0.7	2.6	2.2	2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	137.8	141.8	143.9	0.1	1.2	1.5	1.9	3.0	4.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	142.0	146.6	148.6	0.1	1.2	1.4	1.9	3.3	4.6
Professional and business services	143.6	148.3	149.5	0.7	1.6	0.8	2.9	4.0	4.1
Professional, scientific, and technical services	145.2	149.8	150.5	0.6	1.8	0.5	2.7	3.8	3.7
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	142.9	148.9	151.1	1.0	1.6	1.5	3.8	5.2	5.7
Education and health services	140.6	145.0	147.1	0.6	1.6	1.4	2.3	3.8	4.6
Educational services	139.3	142.8	143.0	0.7	2.2	0.1	2.1	3.3	2.7
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	138.2	141.8	142.4	0.3	1.8	0.4	0.7	2.9	3.0
Health care and social assistance	140.8	145.4	148.0	0.6	1.5	1.8	2.3	3.9	5.1
Hospitals	141.1	145.6	148.3	0.6	1.2	1.9	2.3	3.8	5.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	139.7	146.0	148.9	0.9	2.0	2.0	3.6	5.5	6.6
Nursing care facilities(1)	138.7	145.1	147.5	1.0	2.0	1.7	3.7	5.7	6.3
Leisure and hospitality	148.5	159.1	161.7	0.4	2.4	1.6	3.6	7.6	8.9
Accommodation and food service	151.1	162.2	165.1	0.7	2.5	1.8	4.4	8.1	9.3
Other services, except public administration	143.2	150.1	151.9	0.3	1.6	1.2	2.4	5.1	6.1
Footnotes (1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division	Indexes (Dec.2005=100)			Percent changes for-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Bargaining status
Union	143.0	147.2	148.6	0.6	0.9	1.0	2.7	3.5	3.9
Goods-producing industries(1)	137.5	141.5	142.6	0.4	0.8	0.8	2.5	3.4	3.7
Manufacturing	135.5	139.9	141.4	0.6	1.0	1.1	3.5	3.9	4.4
Service-providing industries(2)	146.6	150.9	152.4	0.7	1.0	1.0	2.9	3.6	4.0
Nonunion	142.6	148.3	149.8	0.7	1.6	1.0	2.8	4.7	5.0
Goods-producing industries(1)	141.8	146.0	147.5	0.6	0.8	1.0	2.6	3.6	4.0
Manufacturing	141.8	146.2	147.5	0.6	1.0	0.9	2.5	3.8	4.0
Service-providing industries(2)	142.8	148.8	150.3	0.7	1.8	1.0	2.9	4.9	5.3
Census region and division(3)
Northeast	144.1	149.5	150.7	0.7	1.6	0.8	2.4	4.5	4.6
New England	149.0	155.4	156.3	0.2	1.4	0.6	2.0	4.5	4.9
Middle Atlantic	142.3	147.4	148.7	0.9	1.7	0.9	2.6	4.5	4.5
South	141.2	147.4	148.4	0.8	1.9	0.7	2.8	5.2	5.1
South Atlantic	144.0	149.3	150.6	0.9	1.3	0.9	3.1	4.6	4.6
East South Central	138.4	144.5	146.8	0.3	1.7	1.6	1.5	4.7	6.1
West South Central	137.6	145.4	145.6	0.8	3.0	0.1	2.9	6.5	5.8
Midwest	139.6	144.4	146.7	0.6	1.3	1.6	2.6	4.1	5.1
East North Central	138.0	142.7	145.0	0.7	1.4	1.6	2.8	4.2	5.1
West North Central	143.7	148.5	151.0	0.6	1.1	1.7	2.6	4.0	5.1
West	146.5	152.1	153.6	0.5	1.3	1.0	3.2	4.3	4.8
Mountain	143.5	149.4	151.9	0.5	1.2	1.7	3.2	4.6	5.9
Pacific	147.8	153.3	154.5	0.5	1.2	0.8	3.2	4.2	4.5
Footnotes (1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
All workers	135.4	138.2	139.0	0.4	1.5	0.6	1.8	2.4	2.7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	134.3	136.8	137.3	0.3	1.4	0.4	1.6	2.2	2.2
Professional and related	134.2	136.7	137.1	0.3	1.5	0.3	1.7	2.2	2.2
Sales and office	135.7	138.6	139.3	0.6	1.2	0.5	2.1	2.7	2.7
Office and administrative support	136.2	139.1	139.7	0.6	1.2	0.4	2.2	2.7	2.6
Service occupations	139.2	143.2	144.9	0.6	1.9	1.2	2.3	3.5	4.1
Industry
Education and health services	134.5	137.1	137.7	0.4	1.5	0.4	1.7	2.3	2.4
Educational services	133.9	136.3	136.7	0.3	1.5	0.3	1.7	2.1	2.1
Schools	133.9	136.3	136.7	0.3	1.5	0.3	1.7	2.1	2.1
Elementary and secondary schools	133.6	136.0	136.3	0.2	1.4	0.2	1.9	2.0	2.0
Health care and social assistance	139.6	143.5	145.6	0.8	1.6	1.5	1.8	3.6	4.3
Hospitals	138.5	142.6	144.6	0.7	1.6	1.4	1.9	3.7	4.4
Public administration	136.5	139.8	140.8	0.4	1.7	0.7	1.7	2.9	3.2
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Civilian workers
All workers(1)	144.5	147.5	148.6	0.4	0.9	0.7	2.3	2.5	2.8

Private industry workers
All workers	139.1	142.1	143.2	0.4	0.9	0.8	2.1	2.6	2.9
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	137.2	140.3	141.3	0.2	0.9	0.7	1.8	2.5	3.0
Sales and office	140.9	143.5	144.7	0.6	0.7	0.8	2.3	2.4	2.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.6	144.8	145.6	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.9	2.5	2.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	140.5	143.7	144.6	0.7	1.5	0.6	2.9	3.0	2.9
Service occupations	138.8	142.6	144.0	0.6	1.3	1.0	2.4	3.3	3.7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	134.9	138.2	138.7	0.5	1.2	0.4	1.8	3.0	2.8
Manufacturing	134.3	137.7	138.2	0.6	1.6	0.4	1.8	3.1	2.9
Aircraft manufacturing	96.4	122.1	122.4	0.1	23.7	0.2	-2.6	26.8	27.0
Service-providing industries(3)	140.6	143.6	144.8	0.4	0.8	0.8	2.2	2.5	3.0
Bargaining status
Union	151.5	154.8	155.5	0.3	1.4	0.5	2.8	2.4	2.6
Nonunion	136.6	139.7	140.8	0.4	0.9	0.8	2.0	2.7	3.1

State and local government workers
All workers	164.4	167.1	168.5	0.5	0.9	0.8	3.1	2.1	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1)	12-month percent changes -
	Total compensation(2)			Wages and salaries
	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021	Dec. 2020	Sep. 2021	Dec. 2021
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA	3.3	3.7	4.2	3.2	4.2	4.8
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA	1.8	3.7	3.9	1.8	4.3	4.6
Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA	2.8	3.3	3.8	3.7	4.2	4.1
South
Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA	2.9	2.3	2.5	3.4	3.0	3.1
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA	3.4	3.5	3.6	2.8	4.3	4.6
Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA	2.7	2.3	3.5	3.0	2.7	3.9
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA	1.5	4.1	5.2	1.5	4.7	6.0
Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA	3.6	4.2	4.0	3.9	4.7	4.2
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA	2.8	4.0	4.0	3.2	4.4	4.1
Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA	3.1	2.6	3.3	2.9	2.7	3.7
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA	1.6	3.4	4.4	1.8	3.4	4.5
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA	3.7	5.5	4.8	4.5	6.5	5.5
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA	3.8	4.6	4.9	4.2	4.4	5.3
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA	3.5	3.0	2.8	3.7	3.3	3.2
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA	3.1	5.2	6.3	4.1	2.5	3.8
Footnotes (1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html. (2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: January 28, 2022