Employment Cost Index News Release

Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-21-0126
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 29, 2021

Technical information: (202) 691-6199 * ncsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * pressoffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX � December 2020

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month
period ending in December 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries
increased 0.9 percent and benefit costs increased 0.6 percent from September 2020. (See tables A,
1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in
December 2020 and increased 2.7 percent in December 2019. Wages and salaries increased 2.6 percent
over the year and increased 2.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019. Benefit
costs increased 2.3 percent over the year and increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in
December 2019. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.6 percent over the year. In December
2019, the increase was 2.7 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.8 percent for the 12-month
period ending in December 2020 and increased 3.0 percent in December 2019. The cost of benefits
increased 2.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020 and increased 1.9 percent
in December 2019. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December
2020.(For further information see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period
ending in December 2020 ranged from 2.0 percent for management, professional, and related
occupations to 3.6 percent for service occupations. Within industry supersectors, compensation
cost increases ranged from 2.2 percent for both other services and education and health services
to 3.4 percent for leisure and hospitality. (See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.3 percent for the 12-month
period ending in December 2020, compared with an increase of 2.9 percent in December 2019. Wages
and salaries increased 1.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020 and 2.5 percent
a year ago. Benefit costs increased 3.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020.
The prior year increase was 3.3 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on the December 2020 Employment Cost Index
Response rates for December were comparable with prior releases and no changes in estimation
procedures were necessary. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/effects-of-
covid-19-on-workplace-injuries-and-illnesses-compensation-and-occupational-requirements.htm#ECI.
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Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category	3-month, seasonally adjusted		12-month, not seasonally adjusted
Category	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Civilian workers(1)
Compensation(2)	0.5	0.7	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.5
Wages and salaries	0.4	0.9	2.9	3.1	2.9	2.5	2.6
Benefits	0.6	0.6	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.3

Private industry
Compensation(2)	0.5	0.9	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.6
Wages and salaries	0.5	0.9	3.0	3.3	2.9	2.7	2.8
Benefits	0.5	0.6	1.9	1.6	2.0	2.0	2.1

State and local government
Compensation(2)	0.4	0.5	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.3	2.3
Wages and salaries	0.1	0.5	2.5	2.7	2.6	1.8	1.8
Benefits	0.8	0.6	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.1
Footnotes (1) Includes private industry and state and local government. (2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage,
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures Handbook of
Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 24,600
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,000 private industry establishments and
approximately 7,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current quarter
not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm.
Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within
an acceptable range for their intended purpose.

Historical listings
Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and
industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational
Classification System series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification
System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official
series deemed continuous after the change in classification systems. For more information on the
criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents
at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than
the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ
from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-
index.htm

Seasonal factors
The 2021 seasonal factors for directly adjusted series and revised seasonally adjusted series for the
past five years are scheduled for release with the March 2021 Employment Cost Index on April 30, 2021
at 8:30 a.m. ET, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec.2005=100)		Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Occupational group and industry	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2018	Mar. 2019	Jun. 2019	Sep. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Civilian workers
All workers(2)	141.4	142.4	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)	138.1	139.1	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.3	0.7
Manufacturing	137.7	138.6	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.7
Service-providing industries(4)	142.1	143.2	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.8
Education and health services	140.9	141.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.2	0.6	0.6
Educational services	141.7	142.5	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.2	0.6
Elementary and secondary schools	142.2	143.1	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	140.4	141.0	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	-0.4	0.4
Health care and social assistance	140.2	140.9	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.7	-0.1	1.1	0.5
Hospitals	141.0	141.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	137.5	138.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8
Public administration	146.3	147.1	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.5

Private industry workers
All workers	140.6	141.8	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.9
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	138.9	139.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.3	0.4	0.6
Management, business, and financial	140.5	141.2	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.5
Professional and related	137.8	138.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.1	0.6	0.6
Sales and office	141.7	143.6	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.1	1.3
Sales and related	137.3	140.0	1.1	0.5	0.5	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.0	-0.4	2.0
Office and administrative support	144.7	146.0	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	140.5	141.4	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.2	0.6	0.6
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	140.3	141.3	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.7	1.2	-0.6	0.5	0.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair	140.6	141.5	0.6	0.5	0.1	0.7	0.6	0.8	1.0	0.6	0.6
Production, transportation, and material moving	142.6	144.1	0.6	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.6	1.1
Production	139.4	140.4	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.7	1.0	0.6	0.7
Transportation and material moving	146.7	148.6	0.7	1.1	0.7	0.8	1.2	0.6	1.0	0.7	1.3
Service occupations	144.4	145.8	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.9	1.0
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)	138.1	139.0	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.7
Construction	139.4	140.4	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.3	0.7
Manufacturing	137.7	138.6	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.7
Aircraft manufacturing	123.4	123.9	0.2	0.7	0.4	0.3	0.2	-1.6	1.5	0.9	0.4
Service-providing industries(5)	141.4	142.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.6	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	143.7	145.4	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.4	1.2
Wholesale trade	138.0	138.1	0.7	0.8	-0.3	0.7	0.1	1.2	0.7	0.3	0.1
Retail trade	144.6	147.2	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.6	1.8
Transportation and warehousing	147.9	150.0	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.3	0.6	0.9	0.3	1.4
Utilities	153.5	154.9	0.6	1.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.1	0.9	0.5	0.9
Information	138.9	140.5	0.4	0.5	-0.9	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.5	1.2
Financial activities	141.0	141.9	0.6	0.9	0.4	1.2	0.5	0.8	0.6	0.4	0.6
Finance and insurance	141.5	142.5	0.5	1.0	0.3	1.2	0.6	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.7
Credit intermediation and related activities	140.5	141.1	0.8	0.9	0.4	1.4	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.4
Insurance carriers and related activities	142.6	143.8	0.4	1.2	0.3	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	138.7	139.0	1.0	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.1	0.9	0.7	0.2
Professional and business services	141.2	142.6	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.7	0.6	1.2	0.1	0.4	1.0
Professional, scientific, and technical services	142.8	144.4	0.6	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.6	1.3	-0.3	0.3	1.1
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	139.0	140.4	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	1.1	0.7	0.6	1.0
Education and health services	139.4	140.2	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.8	-0.1	0.9	0.6
Educational services	139.2	140.2	0.6	0.4	0.6	1.0	0.4	1.0	0.6	-0.4	0.7
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	140.0	140.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.4	-0.8	0.4
Health care and social assistance	139.4	140.2	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.8	-0.3	1.2	0.6
Hospitals	140.5	141.1	0.9	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	135.8	136.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	144.3	144.8	1.3	0.8	0.7	0.5	1.1	1.2	0.8	1.0	0.3
Accommodations and food services	146.5	147.4	1.1	1.1	0.9	0.6	1.1	1.4	0.8	1.2	0.6
Other services, except public administration	141.7	142.6	1.1	1.0	0.9	0.1	1.2	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.6

State and local government workers
All workers	144.3	145.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.5
Industry
Education and health services	142.7	143.5	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6
Educational services	142.3	143.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.5
Schools	142.2	143.0	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6
Elementary and secondary schools	142.7	143.5	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6
Health care and social assistance	145.8	146.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.2	0.6
Hospitals	143.1	143.8	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.3	0.5
Public administration	146.3	147.1	0.7	0.9	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.5
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. (5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)		Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Occupational group and industry	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2018	Mar. 2019	Jun. 2019	Sep. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Civilian workers
All workers(1)	140.2	141.4	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.9
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	140.0	141.0	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.4	0.7
Manufacturing	139.9	140.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
Service-providing industries(3)	140.3	141.5	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.3	0.4	0.9
Education and health services	136.7	137.5	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.8	0.0	0.7	0.6
Educational services	133.8	134.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	1.1	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.6
Elementary and secondary schools	132.9	133.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.3	0.5
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	134.9	135.4	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.4	-0.4	0.4
Health care and social assistance	139.8	140.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.9	-0.4	1.2	0.6
Hospitals	139.9	140.5	0.9	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.4
Public administration	135.8	136.4	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.5

Private industry workers
All workers	141.5	142.8	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.4	0.5	0.9
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	139.8	140.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.9	0.1	0.4	0.6
Professional and related	138.8	139.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.6	1.0	-0.1	0.7	0.6
Management, business, and financial	141.2	141.9	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.4	0.1	0.5
Sales and office	142.3	144.5	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.7	0.1	1.5
Sales and related	138.8	141.9	1.1	0.5	0.7	1.0	1.0	1.6	1.0	-0.7	2.2
Office and administrative support	144.9	146.4	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.5	0.6	1.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	140.2	141.2	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.7	1.3	0.1	0.6	0.7
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	140.0	141.1	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.6	-0.7	0.5	0.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair	140.5	141.3	0.7	0.5	0.7	1.0	0.5	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.6
Production, transportation, and material moving	144.2	145.8	0.7	1.1	0.7	0.9	1.2	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.1
Production	140.9	141.9	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7
Transportation and material moving	148.1	150.2	0.7	1.4	0.9	1.1	1.4	0.7	1.0	0.7	1.4
Service occupations	146.3	147.8	1.0	1.1	1.1	0.7	1.3	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.0

Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	140.1	141.1	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.4	0.7
Construction	140.2	141.3	0.8	0.7	1.0	1.3	0.8	0.5	1.3	0.2	0.8
Manufacturing	139.9	140.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aircraft manufacturing	148.3	149.2	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	-0.3	1.5	1.0	0.6
Service-providing industries(4)	142.0	143.3	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	1.1	0.2	0.6	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	143.4	145.3	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.7	0.3	1.3
Retail trade	146.0	149.1	0.5	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.5	2.1
Transportation and warehousing	148.5	151.0	0.5	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.4	0.8	1.0	0.3	1.7
Utilities	148.5	149.5	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.1	0.8	0.5	0.7
Information	137.3	139.3	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.1	0.5	1.5
Financial activities	141.5	142.6	0.6	1.0	0.1	1.3	0.6	1.1	0.4	0.1	0.8
Finance and insurance	142.5	143.7	0.5	1.0	0.1	1.4	0.6	1.2	0.3	0.0	0.8
Credit intermediation and related activities	139.5	140.0	0.6	1.1	0.2	1.5	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.8	0.4
Insurance carriers and related activities	141.3	142.9	0.4	1.3	0.0	1.0	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.8	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	137.7	138.0	0.8	0.7	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.2	0.9	0.6	0.2
Professional and business services	142.4	143.8	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.6	1.6	0.0	0.3	1.0
Professional, scientific, and technical services	144.1	145.7	0.6	0.1	0.9	0.6	0.6	2.0	-0.5	0.1	1.1
Education and health services	139.6	140.4	0.8	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.4	0.9	-0.3	1.0	0.6
Educational services	137.8	139.0	0.5	0.5	0.6	1.1	0.3	1.1	0.7	-0.4	0.9
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	137.4	137.9	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	1.0	0.4	-1.0	0.4
Health care and social assistance	139.9	140.8	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.9	-0.6	1.3	0.6
Hospitals	140.4	141.0	1.0	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	148.1	148.6	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.5	1.2	1.3	0.8	1.1	0.3
Other services, except public administration	142.6	143.5	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.0	1.4	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.7

State and local government workers
All workers	134.6	135.3	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.1	0.5
Industry
Education and health services	133.6	134.3	0.6	0.5	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.5
Educational services	133.0	133.7	0.7	0.5	0.5	1.0	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.5
Schools	133.0	133.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	1.1	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.5
Elementary and secondary schools	132.7	133.4	0.6	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.5
Health care and social assistance	138.5	139.3	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.0	0.6
Hospitals	137.6	138.2	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.0	0.4
Public administration	135.8	136.4	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.5
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)		Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Occupational group and industry	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2018	Mar. 2019	Jun. 2019	Sep. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	Jun. 2020	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Civilian workers
All workers(1)	144.0	144.9	0.7	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.6	0.6

Private industry workers
All workers	138.5	139.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	136.8	137.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.0	0.7	0.5	0.6
Sales and office	140.0	141.3	0.7	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.2	0.7	0.4	0.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	141.1	141.9	0.5	0.7	-0.4	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6
Production, transportation, and material moving	139.5	140.7	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.3	0.5	0.5	1.0	0.4	0.9
Service occupations	138.1	139.0	0.5	0.2	0.9	0.3	0.6	0.2	1.0	0.5	0.7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	134.1	134.9	0.3	0.9	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.6	0.2	0.6
Manufacturing	133.5	134.4	0.3	0.9	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.2	0.7
Service-providing industries(3)	140.1	141.0	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.6	0.6

State and local government workers
All workers(1)	163.3	164.3	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.6
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
All workers(2)	138.7	141.4	142.2	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.7	2.4	2.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)	138.8	141.5	142.3	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.7	2.4	2.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	137.8	140.0	140.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	2.5	2.0	2.0
Management, business, and financial	138.8	141.0	141.3	0.2	0.4	0.2	2.4	1.8	1.8
Professional and related	137.2	139.5	140.1	0.4	0.7	0.4	2.4	2.1	2.1
Sales and office	139.3	142.4	143.7	0.3	0.4	0.9	2.8	2.5	3.2
Sales and related	134.6	137.9	139.7	0.2	0.1	1.3	2.7	2.7	3.8
Office and administrative support	142.2	145.1	146.0	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.8	2.4	2.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	138.4	141.0	141.7	0.4	0.5	0.5	2.5	2.3	2.4
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	138.9	140.8	141.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	3.0	1.9	1.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair	138.0	141.4	141.9	0.4	0.6	0.4	2.1	2.9	2.8
Production, transportation, and material moving	139.6	143.1	144.2	0.7	0.7	0.8	3.3	3.2	3.3
Production	136.2	139.5	140.5	0.7	0.6	0.7	2.8	3.1	3.2
Transportation and material moving	143.5	147.2	148.5	0.8	0.8	0.9	3.8	3.4	3.5
Service occupations	142.0	145.5	146.7	0.9	0.8	0.8	3.5	3.3	3.3
Industry
Goods-producing industries(4)	135.8	138.2	139.0	0.4	0.3	0.6	3.0	2.2	2.4
Manufacturing	135.3	137.6	138.5	0.6	0.3	0.7	2.8	2.3	2.4
Service-providing industries(5)	139.2	142.0	142.8	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.7	2.5	2.6
Education and health services	138.7	141.0	141.7	0.5	1.0	0.5	2.6	2.2	2.2
Educational services	139.4	141.8	142.4	0.4	0.9	0.4	2.7	2.1	2.2
Elementary and secondary schools	139.6	142.3	143.0	0.4	1.2	0.5	2.8	2.3	2.4
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	139.3	140.6	141.1	0.5	0.2	0.4	2.7	1.4	1.3
Health care and social assistance	137.9	140.2	141.0	0.5	1.1	0.6	2.4	2.2	2.2
Hospitals	138.5	140.9	141.6	0.7	0.4	0.5	2.6	2.4	2.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	134.5	137.4	138.5	0.4	0.7	0.8	2.2	2.6	3.0
Public administration	143.4	146.2	146.8	0.6	0.8	0.4	3.0	2.6	2.4
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
All workers	138.0	140.7	141.6	0.4	0.4	0.6	2.7	2.4	2.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	138.1	140.8	141.6	0.4	0.5	0.6	2.7	2.4	2.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	136.8	139.0	139.5	0.3	0.4	0.4	2.2	1.9	2.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	136.1	138.3	138.8	0.3	0.5	0.4	2.3	1.9	2.0
Management, business, and financial	138.4	140.7	141.0	0.2	0.4	0.2	2.4	1.9	1.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	137.4	139.5	139.9	0.2	0.3	0.3	2.4	1.8	1.8
Professional and related	135.6	137.8	138.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	2.1	2.0	2.1
Sales and office	138.8	141.9	143.2	0.3	0.3	0.9	2.8	2.5	3.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	140.9	143.9	145.0	0.4	0.4	0.8	2.8	2.5	2.9
Sales and related	134.5	137.8	139.6	0.2	0.1	1.3	2.8	2.7	3.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	139.0	142.2	143.9	0.4	0.3	1.2	2.8	2.7	3.5
Office and administrative support	141.9	144.8	145.6	0.4	0.5	0.6	2.8	2.4	2.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	137.9	140.6	141.3	0.4	0.5	0.5	2.5	2.4	2.5
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	138.6	140.4	141.2	0.5	0.4	0.6	3.1	1.8	1.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair	137.3	140.8	141.4	0.4	0.6	0.4	2.0	3.0	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving	139.2	142.7	143.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	3.3	3.3	3.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	139.0	142.5	143.6	0.7	0.8	0.8	3.2	3.3	3.3
Production	136.0	139.3	140.3	0.7	0.6	0.7	2.8	3.1	3.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	136.4	139.8	140.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	2.9	3.2	3.2
Transportation and material moving	143.2	146.9	148.2	0.8	0.8	0.9	3.9	3.5	3.5
Service occupations	140.6	144.3	145.6	1.0	0.8	0.9	3.7	3.7	3.6
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3)	135.8	138.2	138.9	0.5	0.4	0.5	3.0	2.3	2.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	135.9	138.1	138.8	0.4	0.4	0.5	2.8	2.1	2.1
Management, professional, and related	133.3	135.2	135.6	0.3	0.1	0.3	2.5	1.7	1.7
Sales and office	139.9	142.6	143.4	0.7	0.1	0.6	4.2	2.7	2.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	137.8	139.9	140.7	0.4	0.5	0.6	3.0	1.9	2.1
Production, transportation, and material moving	135.2	138.2	139.2	0.7	0.5	0.7	3.0	3.0	3.0
Construction	137.0	139.7	140.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	3.5	2.4	2.4
Manufacturing	135.3	137.6	138.5	0.6	0.3	0.7	2.8	2.3	2.4
Management, professional, and related	134.4	136.3	136.9	0.4	0.1	0.4	2.5	1.8	1.9
Sales and office occupations	139.9	139.9	140.6	0.8	-0.1	0.5	3.3	0.8	0.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	135.2	138.2	139.4	0.4	0.4	0.9	2.3	2.7	3.1
Production, transportation, and material moving	134.9	137.9	138.9	0.7	0.5	0.7	3.1	3.0	3.0
Aircraft manufacturing	122.3	123.0	123.1	-0.1	0.6	0.1	1.7	0.5	0.7
Service-providing industries(4)	138.7	141.5	142.4	0.4	0.5	0.6	2.6	2.5	2.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	138.8	141.7	142.5	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.6	2.5	2.7
Management, professional, and related	137.5	139.8	140.2	0.3	0.6	0.3	2.2	2.0	2.0
Sales and office	138.7	141.8	143.2	0.2	0.3	1.0	2.7	2.5	3.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	138.2	141.8	142.4	0.6	0.6	0.4	2.0	3.2	3.0
Production, transportation, and material moving	143.8	147.7	149.0	0.8	0.9	0.9	3.7	3.6	3.6
Service occupations	140.6	144.3	145.6	1.0	0.8	0.9	3.7	3.7	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	140.7	143.8	145.1	0.4	0.3	0.9	2.9	2.6	3.1
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	141.4	144.5	146.0	0.5	0.3	1.0	3.0	2.7	3.3
Wholesale trade	134.9	138.0	138.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	1.4	2.4	2.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	139.0	141.2	142.1	0.6	0.1	0.6	2.7	2.2	2.2
Retail trade	141.7	144.7	146.7	0.6	0.3	1.4	3.2	2.7	3.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	140.2	143.8	145.8	0.5	0.3	1.4	2.9	3.1	4.0
Transportation and warehousing	144.8	148.2	149.6	0.7	0.5	0.9	3.9	3.1	3.3
Utilities	150.4	153.3	154.0	0.3	0.1	0.5	3.7	2.3	2.4
Information	135.7	139.0	139.9	0.3	0.4	0.6	1.0	2.7	3.1
Financial activities	138.2	141.2	141.4	0.1	0.2	0.1	3.0	2.3	2.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	138.4	141.5	141.5	0.3	0.5	0.0	2.7	2.5	2.2
Finance and insurance	138.6	141.7	142.0	0.1	0.1	0.2	3.0	2.3	2.5
Credit intermediation and related activities	137.1	140.7	140.5	0.1	0.2	-0.1	3.5	2.7	2.5
Excluding incentive paid	141.0	144.0	144.2	0.1	-0.1	0.1	3.0	2.2	2.3
Insurance carriers and related activities	139.6	142.7	143.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	2.9	2.2	2.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	138.8	141.9	142.0	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.7	2.5	2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	136.3	138.8	138.8	0.3	0.7	0.0	2.4	2.1	1.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	140.1	142.7	142.7	0.5	0.6	0.0	2.5	2.4	1.9
Professional and business services	138.7	141.4	142.4	0.3	0.4	0.7	2.6	2.2	2.7
Professional, scientific, and technical services	140.5	142.9	144.0	0.1	0.3	0.8	2.2	1.8	2.5
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	135.8	139.0	140.3	0.6	0.5	0.9	2.9	3.0	3.3
Education and health services	137.2	139.5	140.2	0.4	1.0	0.5	2.3	2.1	2.2
Educational services	137.6	139.6	140.4	0.2	0.3	0.6	2.4	1.7	2.0
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	139.5	140.4	140.8	0.4	-0.2	0.3	2.4	1.1	0.9
Health care and social assistance	137.1	139.4	140.2	0.5	1.1	0.6	2.2	2.2	2.3
Hospitals	138.0	140.4	141.1	0.7	0.4	0.5	2.4	2.4	2.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	132.8	135.8	136.8	0.5	0.8	0.7	2.2	2.7	3.0
Nursing care facilities(2)	132.1	134.9	136.1	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.9	2.7	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	140.0	144.1	144.7	1.2	0.9	0.4	3.2	4.1	3.4
Accommodations and food service	141.6	146.5	147.3	1.1	1.2	0.5	3.9	4.6	4.0
Other services, except public administration	139.2	141.8	142.3	0.9	0.5	0.4	3.1	2.8	2.2
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Bargaining status
Union	142.3	145.6	146.3	0.6	0.6	0.5	2.5	3.0	2.8
Goods-producing industries(2)	137.0	140.1	140.8	0.5	0.7	0.5	2.9	2.8	2.8
Manufacturing	129.8	133.5	134.7	0.5	0.6	0.9	2.3	3.4	3.8
Service-providing industries(3)	146.2	149.6	150.2	0.7	0.5	0.4	2.4	3.0	2.7
Nonunion	137.3	140.1	140.9	0.4	0.5	0.6	2.7	2.4	2.6
Goods-producing industries(2)	135.4	137.6	138.3	0.5	0.3	0.5	3.0	2.2	2.1
Manufacturing	136.6	138.7	139.5	0.6	0.2	0.6	2.9	2.1	2.1
Service-providing industries(3)	137.9	140.7	141.6	0.4	0.5	0.6	2.6	2.5	2.7
Census region and division(4)
Northeast	140.7	143.1	144.0	0.5	0.4	0.6	3.1	2.2	2.3
New England	144.0	146.5	147.0	0.4	0.5	0.3	2.9	2.2	2.1
Middle Atlantic	139.5	141.9	142.9	0.5	0.3	0.7	3.0	2.2	2.4
South	135.8	138.4	139.3	0.4	0.3	0.7	2.5	2.3	2.6
South Atlantic	138.0	140.7	141.8	0.4	0.3	0.8	2.4	2.3	2.8
East South Central	135.5	137.1	137.4	0.4	0.1	0.2	3.2	1.6	1.4
West South Central	132.3	135.1	135.9	0.4	0.3	0.6	2.4	2.5	2.7
Midwest	135.7	138.2	139.1	0.5	0.4	0.7	2.6	2.4	2.5
East North Central	134.1	136.7	137.6	0.4	0.4	0.7	2.4	2.4	2.6
West North Central	139.4	142.0	142.9	0.5	0.5	0.6	2.7	2.4	2.5
West	140.9	144.4	145.1	0.4	0.9	0.5	2.7	2.8	3.0
Mountain	138.0	141.4	142.0	0.1	0.6	0.4	2.9	2.6	2.9
Pacific	142.2	145.7	146.4	0.4	1.0	0.5	2.7	2.9	3.0
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
All workers	141.7	144.3	144.9	0.5	1.0	0.4	2.9	2.3	2.3
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	140.3	142.7	143.2	0.5	0.9	0.4	2.9	2.2	2.1
Professional and related	140.1	142.6	143.1	0.5	1.0	0.4	2.9	2.3	2.1
Sales and office	144.0	147.1	148.0	0.4	1.0	0.6	2.9	2.6	2.8
Office and administrative support	144.1	147.2	148.1	0.4	1.0	0.6	2.9	2.6	2.8
Service occupations	145.1	148.2	149.1	0.6	0.9	0.6	3.1	2.7	2.8
Industry
Education and health services	140.3	142.7	143.4	0.4	1.0	0.5	2.8	2.1	2.2
Educational services	139.9	142.4	142.9	0.4	1.1	0.4	2.8	2.2	2.1
Schools	139.8	142.3	142.9	0.4	1.1	0.4	2.8	2.2	2.2
Elementary and secondary schools	140.0	142.8	143.4	0.4	1.3	0.4	2.8	2.4	2.4
Health care and social assistance	143.5	145.7	146.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	3.0	2.2	2.2
Hospitals	140.8	143.0	143.9	0.9	0.5	0.6	3.2	2.4	2.2
Public administration	143.4	146.2	146.8	0.6	0.8	0.4	3.0	2.6	2.4
Footnotes (1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
All workers(1)	137.7	140.4	141.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	2.9	2.5	2.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)	137.5	140.1	140.9	0.5	0.6	0.6	2.9	2.4	2.5

Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	136.1	138.3	138.7	0.3	0.5	0.3	2.3	1.9	1.9
Management, business, and financial	138.6	140.7	141.0	0.3	0.3	0.2	2.5	1.8	1.7
Professional and related	134.8	137.0	137.5	0.4	0.7	0.4	2.4	2.0	2.0
Sales and office	138.7	142.0	143.4	0.3	0.4	1.0	3.1	2.7	3.4
Sales and related	135.7	139.2	141.4	0.4	0.0	1.6	3.3	3.0	4.2
Office and administrative support	140.8	143.8	144.7	0.4	0.6	0.6	3.1	2.5	2.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	137.2	140.0	140.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	3.0	2.6	2.6
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	137.6	139.6	140.5	0.7	0.4	0.6	3.1	2.1	2.1
Installation, maintenance, and repair	136.9	140.5	141.2	0.5	0.8	0.5	2.8	3.2	3.1
Production, transportation, and material moving	140.3	144.1	145.3	0.9	0.8	0.8	3.8	3.7	3.6
Production	137.5	141.0	141.9	0.9	0.7	0.6	3.2	3.4	3.2
Transportation and material moving	143.4	147.5	149.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	4.6	3.9	3.9
Service occupations	140.8	144.4	145.7	1.0	0.8	0.9	3.8	3.6	3.5

Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)	137.4	140.1	140.9	0.7	0.4	0.6	3.4	2.6	2.5
Manufacturing	137.1	139.8	140.7	0.7	0.4	0.6	3.2	2.7	2.6
Service-providing industries(4)	137.7	140.5	141.3	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.8	2.5	2.6
Education and health services	134.9	136.9	137.6	0.4	1.0	0.5	2.5	1.9	2.0
Educational services	132.4	134.3	134.8	0.3	0.8	0.4	2.6	1.7	1.8
Elementary and secondary schools	131.2	133.4	133.8	0.2	1.1	0.3	2.7	1.9	2.0
Junior colleges, colleges, and universities	134.3	135.2	135.6	0.4	0.1	0.3	2.4	1.1	1.0
Health care and social assistance	137.7	139.8	140.7	0.7	1.2	0.6	2.5	2.2	2.2
Hospitals	137.6	139.8	140.6	0.7	0.4	0.6	2.5	2.3	2.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	134.8	138.2	139.4	0.5	0.7	0.9	2.6	3.1	3.4
Public administration	134.2	135.9	136.5	0.6	0.3	0.4	2.6	1.9	1.7
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Index value (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
All workers	138.7	141.7	142.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	3.0	2.7	2.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	138.6	141.5	142.4	0.6	0.6	0.6	3.0	2.7	2.7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	137.7	140.0	140.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	2.3	2.0	2.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	136.5	138.7	139.2	0.4	0.5	0.4	2.3	2.0	2.0
Management, business, and financial	139.2	141.4	141.7	0.2	0.2	0.2	2.5	1.8	1.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	137.4	139.3	139.8	0.3	0.2	0.4	2.5	1.7	1.7
Professional and related	136.6	138.9	139.5	0.4	0.7	0.4	2.2	2.1	2.1
Sales and office	139.2	142.6	144.1	0.3	0.4	1.1	3.1	2.7	3.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	141.2	144.4	145.7	0.4	0.5	0.9	3.1	2.7	3.2
Sales and related	135.8	139.3	141.5	0.4	0.0	1.6	3.3	3.0	4.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	140.2	143.6	145.7	0.5	0.3	1.5	3.2	2.9	3.9
Office and administrative support	141.9	145.0	146.0	0.4	0.6	0.7	3.1	2.5	2.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	137.4	140.3	141.2	0.6	0.6	0.6	3.0	2.7	2.8
Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	138.0	140.1	141.0	0.7	0.5	0.6	3.3	2.2	2.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair	136.9	140.7	141.4	0.4	0.8	0.5	2.9	3.2	3.3
Production, transportation, and material moving	140.5	144.2	145.5	1.0	0.8	0.9	4.0	3.7	3.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	140.3	144.0	145.2	0.9	0.9	0.8	3.8	3.6	3.5
Production	137.4	140.8	141.8	0.9	0.6	0.7	3.2	3.4	3.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	137.8	141.4	142.3	0.9	0.9	0.6	3.3	3.5	3.3
Transportation and material moving	144.0	148.2	149.7	1.0	1.0	1.0	4.7	3.9	4.0
Service occupations	142.2	146.2	147.6	1.2	0.9	1.0	4.3	4.1	3.8
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(2)	137.5	140.2	141.0	0.7	0.4	0.6	3.4	2.7	2.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	137.5	139.9	140.7	0.6	0.4	0.6	3.2	2.3	2.3
Management, professional, and related	136.4	138.8	139.2	0.4	0.1	0.3	2.8	2.2	2.1
Sales and office	142.2	145.9	146.9	0.9	0.1	0.7	5.1	3.5	3.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	138.0	140.1	141.0	0.6	0.5	0.6	3.3	2.1	2.2
Production, transportation, and material moving	136.7	139.9	140.8	1.0	0.6	0.6	3.4	3.3	3.0
Construction	137.4	140.5	141.2	0.5	0.4	0.5	3.8	2.8	2.8
Manufacturing	137.1	139.8	140.7	0.7	0.4	0.6	3.2	2.7	2.6
Management, professional, and related	136.8	139.5	140.2	0.4	0.2	0.5	2.8	2.4	2.5
Sales and office	141.1	141.0	142.1	1.1	-0.1	0.8	3.7	1.0	0.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	137.6	140.9	142.1	0.8	0.6	0.9	3.0	3.2	3.3
Production, transportation, and material moving	136.5	139.7	140.7	1.0	0.6	0.7	3.5	3.3	3.1
Aircraft manufacturing	144.1	148.1	148.2	0.0	0.5	0.1	1.8	2.8	2.8
Service-providing industries(3)	139.1	142.1	143.1	0.5	0.6	0.7	2.9	2.7	2.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	138.9	141.9	142.9	0.5	0.6	0.7	2.9	2.7	2.9
Management, professional, and related	137.9	140.2	140.7	0.3	0.5	0.4	2.2	2.0	2.0
Sales and office	139.0	142.3	143.8	0.3	0.4	1.1	3.0	2.7	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	136.7	140.7	141.4	0.6	0.8	0.5	2.7	3.5	3.4
Production, transportation, and material moving	144.3	148.6	150.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	4.5	4.0	4.0
Service occupations	142.1	146.2	147.6	1.1	0.9	1.0	4.2	4.1	3.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	140.2	143.5	144.9	0.5	0.3	1.0	3.3	2.9	3.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	140.5	143.8	145.5	0.6	0.3	1.2	3.5	2.9	3.6
Wholesale trade	132.1	135.4	135.3	-0.1	0.2	-0.1	1.3	2.4	2.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	135.6	137.9	138.8	0.6	0.1	0.7	2.9	2.3	2.4
Retail trade	142.9	146.2	148.6	0.6	0.3	1.6	3.9	2.9	4.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	141.0	144.9	147.2	0.6	0.3	1.6	3.8	3.4	4.4
Transportation and warehousing	144.9	148.8	150.5	0.8	0.7	1.1	4.7	3.5	3.9
Utilities	145.6	148.4	148.7	0.2	0.0	0.2	3.0	2.1	2.1
Information	134.8	137.6	138.9	0.3	0.5	0.9	2.7	2.4	3.0
Financial activities	139.0	141.7	142.2	0.2	-0.1	0.4	3.0	2.2	2.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	138.3	140.9	141.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	2.4	2.2	2.0
Finance and insurance	139.9	142.6	143.3	0.1	-0.3	0.5	3.0	2.1	2.4
Credit intermediation and related activities	136.1	139.7	139.4	0.0	0.4	-0.2	3.4	2.6	2.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	139.7	142.0	142.4	0.0	-0.1	0.3	2.8	1.6	1.9
Insurance carriers and related activities	138.3	141.4	142.1	-0.2	0.2	0.5	2.7	2.0	2.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	136.3	139.5	139.8	0.3	0.2	0.2	2.3	2.6	2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	135.2	137.7	137.8	0.4	0.7	0.1	2.5	2.3	1.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)	139.3	141.9	142.0	0.7	0.7	0.1	2.7	2.6	1.9
Professional and business services	139.5	142.6	143.6	0.4	0.4	0.7	2.7	2.6	2.9
Professional, scientific, and technical services	141.4	144.3	145.2	0.1	0.3	0.6	2.4	2.2	2.7
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	137.7	141.5	142.9	0.6	0.6	1.0	3.2	3.4	3.8
Education and health services	137.4	139.7	140.6	0.5	1.2	0.6	2.4	2.2	2.3
Educational services	136.4	138.3	139.3	0.2	0.4	0.7	2.6	1.6	2.1
Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools	137.2	137.8	138.2	0.5	-0.3	0.3	2.4	1.0	0.7
Health care and social assistance	137.7	140.0	140.8	0.6	1.3	0.6	2.4	2.3	2.3
Hospitals	137.9	140.3	141.1	0.7	0.4	0.6	2.4	2.4	2.3
Nursing and residential care facilities	134.8	138.4	139.7	0.6	0.8	0.9	2.6	3.3	3.6
Nursing care facilities(1)	133.8	137.3	138.7	0.7	0.7	1.0	2.1	3.3	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	143.4	147.9	148.5	1.3	1.0	0.4	3.6	4.4	3.6
Accommodation and food service	144.8	150.1	151.1	1.3	1.4	0.7	4.3	5.0	4.4
Other services, except public administration	139.9	142.8	143.2	1.0	0.7	0.3	3.3	3.1	2.4
Footnotes (1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division	Indexes (Dec.2005=100)			Percent changes for-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Bargaining status
Union	139.2	142.2	143.0	0.8	0.7	0.6	3.4	3.0	2.7
Goods-producing industries(1)	134.1	136.9	137.5	0.8	0.8	0.4	3.0	2.9	2.5
Manufacturing	130.9	134.7	135.5	1.0	0.9	0.6	2.7	3.9	3.5
Service-providing industries(2)	142.5	145.6	146.6	0.8	0.6	0.7	3.6	3.0	2.9
Nonunion	138.7	141.6	142.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	3.0	2.6	2.8
Goods-producing industries(1)	138.2	140.9	141.8	0.7	0.3	0.6	3.4	2.6	2.6
Manufacturing	138.4	140.9	141.8	0.7	0.3	0.6	3.3	2.5	2.5
Service-providing industries(2)	138.8	141.8	142.8	0.4	0.6	0.7	2.8	2.6	2.9
Census region and division(3)
Northeast	140.7	143.1	144.1	0.6	0.3	0.7	3.5	2.4	2.4
New England	146.1	148.7	149.0	0.5	0.6	0.2	3.3	2.3	2.0
Middle Atlantic	138.7	141.1	142.3	0.7	0.2	0.9	3.5	2.4	2.6
South	137.3	140.1	141.2	0.4	0.3	0.8	2.8	2.5	2.8
South Atlantic	139.7	142.7	144.0	0.4	0.4	0.9	2.8	2.6	3.1
East South Central	136.3	138.0	138.4	0.5	0.1	0.3	3.5	1.8	1.5
West South Central	133.7	136.5	137.6	0.4	0.2	0.8	2.5	2.5	2.9
Midwest	136.0	138.7	139.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	2.8	2.7	2.6
East North Central	134.3	137.0	138.0	0.7	0.5	0.7	2.8	2.7	2.8
West North Central	140.0	142.8	143.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	2.9	2.7	2.6
West	141.9	145.8	146.5	0.4	1.0	0.5	3.0	3.1	3.2
Mountain	139.1	142.8	143.5	0.1	0.7	0.5	2.9	2.7	3.2
Pacific	143.2	147.1	147.8	0.5	1.1	0.5	3.1	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. (3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
All workers	133.0	134.9	135.4	0.4	0.7	0.4	2.5	1.8	1.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	132.2	133.9	134.3	0.5	0.7	0.3	2.7	1.7	1.6
Professional and related	131.9	133.8	134.2	0.4	0.8	0.3	2.6	1.8	1.7
Sales and office	132.9	134.9	135.7	0.4	0.7	0.6	2.5	1.9	2.1
Office and administrative support	133.3	135.4	136.2	0.3	0.7	0.6	2.5	1.9	2.2
Service occupations	136.1	138.4	139.2	0.4	0.6	0.6	2.6	2.1	2.3
Industry
Education and health services	132.2	134.0	134.5	0.4	0.8	0.4	2.6	1.7	1.7
Educational services	131.6	133.5	133.9	0.2	0.9	0.3	2.7	1.7	1.7
Schools	131.6	133.5	133.9	0.3	0.9	0.3	2.7	1.8	1.7
Elementary and secondary schools	131.1	133.3	133.6	0.2	1.1	0.2	2.7	1.9	1.9
Health care and social assistance	137.1	138.5	139.6	0.9	0.2	0.8	2.8	1.9	1.8
Hospitals	135.9	137.5	138.5	1.0	0.2	0.7	2.9	2.2	1.9
Public administration	134.2	135.9	136.5	0.6	0.3	0.4	2.6	1.9	1.7
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status	Indexes (Dec. 2005=100)			Percent changes for-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	3-months ended-			12-months ended-
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Civilian workers
All workers(1)	141.2	143.9	144.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	2.2	2.3	2.3

Private industry workers
All workers	136.2	138.5	139.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.9	2.0	2.1
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related	134.8	136.9	137.2	0.2	0.4	0.2	2.0	1.8	1.8
Sales and office	137.7	140.1	140.9	0.1	0.2	0.6	1.8	1.8	2.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance	139.0	141.2	141.6	0.2	0.4	0.3	1.5	1.8	1.9
Production, transportation, and material moving	136.6	139.5	140.5	0.4	0.4	0.7	2.1	2.5	2.9
Service occupations	135.5	138.0	138.8	0.5	0.4	0.6	2.0	2.4	2.4
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)	132.5	134.2	134.9	0.2	0.2	0.5	2.2	1.4	1.8
Manufacturing	131.9	133.5	134.3	0.2	0.1	0.6	2.2	1.4	1.8
Aircraft manufacturing	99.0	96.3	96.4	-0.3	0.7	0.1	1.3	-3.0	-2.6
Service-providing industries(3)	137.6	140.1	140.6	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.9	2.1	2.2
Bargaining status
Union	147.4	151.1	151.5	0.3	0.5	0.3	1.2	2.9	2.8
Nonunion	133.9	136.0	136.6	0.2	0.3	0.4	2.1	1.8	2.0

State and local government workers
All workers	159.5	163.6	164.4	0.6	1.4	0.5	3.3	3.2	3.1
Footnotes (1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. (2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. (3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1)	12-month percent changes -
	Total compensation(2)			Wages and salaries
	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020	Dec. 2019	Sep. 2020	Dec. 2020
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.9	3.7	3.2
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA	3.8	1.9	1.8	4.0	1.9	1.8
Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA	2.3	2.5	2.8	2.5	2.8	3.7
South
Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA	3.1	2.5	2.9	3.8	2.6	3.4
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA	2.6	3.1	3.4	3.4	2.4	2.8
Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA	1.9	2.2	2.7	1.6	2.2	3.0
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA	2.3	1.5	1.5	2.6	1.6	1.5
Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA	2.8	3.6	3.6	2.9	3.9	3.9
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA	2.4	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.8	3.2
Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA	2.9	2.7	3.1	3.7	3.0	2.9
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA	2.5	1.6	1.6	2.2	2.1	1.8
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA	3.4	2.7	3.7	4.0	3.1	4.5
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA	3.3	3.3	3.8	3.7	3.8	4.2
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA	2.6	3.5	3.5	3.2	4.0	3.7
Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA	1.4	2.6	3.1	1.3	3.6	4.1
Footnotes (1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html. (2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: January 29, 2021