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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                 USDL-21-0126
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, January 29, 2021

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  *  ncsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  pressoffice@bls.gov

				EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – December 2020
				
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 
period ending in December 2020, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries 
increased 0.9 percent and benefit costs increased 0.6 percent from September 2020. (See tables A, 
1, 2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2020 and increased 2.7 percent in December 2019. Wages and salaries increased 2.6 percent 
over the year and increased 2.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2019. Benefit 
costs increased 2.3 percent over the year and increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2019. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.6 percent over the year. In December 
2019, the increase was 2.7 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.8 percent for the 12-month 
period ending in December 2020 and increased 3.0 percent in December 2019. The cost of benefits 
increased 2.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020 and increased 1.9 percent 
in December 2019. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.) 

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.9 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 
2020.(For further information see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2020 ranged from 2.0 percent for management, professional, and related 
occupations to 3.6 percent for service occupations. Within industry supersectors, compensation 
cost increases ranged from 2.2 percent for both other services and education and health services
to 3.4 percent for leisure and hospitality. (See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.3 percent for the 12-month 
period ending in December 2020, compared with an increase of 2.9 percent in December 2019. Wages 
and salaries increased 1.8 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020 and 2.5 percent 
a year ago. Benefit costs increased 3.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2020. 
The prior year increase was 3.3 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on the December 2020 Employment Cost Index
Response rates for December were comparable with prior releases and no changes in estimation 
procedures were necessary. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/effects-of-
covid-19-on-workplace-injuries-and-illnesses-compensation-and-occupational-requirements.htm#ECI.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted
12-month, not seasonally adjusted
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Mar.
2020
Jun.
2020
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

0.5 0.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.5

Wages and salaries

0.4 0.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.6

Benefits

0.6 0.6 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3

Private industry

Compensation(2)

0.5 0.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6

Wages and salaries

0.5 0.9 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.8

Benefits

0.5 0.6 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.1

State and local government

Compensation(2)

0.4 0.5 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3

Wages and salaries

0.1 0.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 1.8 1.8

Benefits

0.8 0.6 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.



					   TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of
employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage,
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures Handbook of
Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 24,600 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,000 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current quarter
not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see
www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm and the database query tool at www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/data.htm.
Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within
an acceptable range for their intended purpose.

Historical listings
Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and
industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational
Classification System series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification
System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official
series deemed continuous after the change in classification systems. For more information on the
criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published in the Monthly Labor Review at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents
at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than
the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ
from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-
index.htm

Seasonal factors
The 2021 seasonal factors for directly adjusted series and revised seasonally adjusted series for the 
past five years are scheduled for release with the March 2021 Employment Cost Index on April 30, 2021 
at 8:30 a.m. ET, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2018
Mar.
2019
Jun.
2019
Sep.
2019
Dec.
2019
Mar.
2020
Jun.
2020
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

141.4 142.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

138.1 139.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.7

Manufacturing

137.7 138.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

142.1 143.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8

Education and health services

140.9 141.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6

Educational services

141.7 142.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools

142.2 143.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

140.4 141.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 -0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance

140.2 140.9 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 -0.1 1.1 0.5

Hospitals

141.0 141.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

137.5 138.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Public administration

146.3 147.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5

Private industry workers

All workers

140.6 141.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

138.9 139.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.6

Management, business, and financial

140.5 141.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5

Professional and related

137.8 138.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.6

Sales and office

141.7 143.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 1.3

Sales and related

137.3 140.0 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.0 -0.4 2.0

Office and administrative support

144.7 146.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

140.5 141.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

140.3 141.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 -0.6 0.5 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair

140.6 141.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

142.6 144.1 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.1

Production

139.4 140.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7

Transportation and material moving

146.7 148.6 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.3

Service occupations

144.4 145.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

138.1 139.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.7

Construction

139.4 140.4 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.7

Manufacturing

137.7 138.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.7

Aircraft manufacturing

123.4 123.9 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 -1.6 1.5 0.9 0.4

Service-providing industries(5)

141.4 142.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities

143.7 145.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.2

Wholesale trade

138.0 138.1 0.7 0.8 -0.3 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.1

Retail trade

144.6 147.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.8

Transportation and warehousing

147.9 150.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.4

Utilities

153.5 154.9 0.6 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.9

Information

138.9 140.5 0.4 0.5 -0.9 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 1.2

Financial activities

141.0 141.9 0.6 0.9 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6

Finance and insurance

141.5 142.5 0.5 1.0 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities

140.5 141.1 0.8 0.9 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities

142.6 143.8 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing

138.7 139.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.2

Professional and business services

141.2 142.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.4 1.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services

142.8 144.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.3 -0.3 0.3 1.1

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

139.0 140.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.0

Education and health services

139.4 140.2 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 -0.1 0.9 0.6

Educational services

139.2 140.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.6 -0.4 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

140.0 140.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 -0.8 0.4

Health care and social assistance

139.4 140.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 -0.3 1.2 0.6

Hospitals

140.5 141.1 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

135.8 136.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

144.3 144.8 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.3

Accommodations and food services

146.5 147.4 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.6

Other services, except public administration

141.7 142.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.1 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6

State and local government workers

All workers

144.3 145.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5

Industry

Education and health services

142.7 143.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6

Educational services

142.3 143.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5

Schools

142.2 143.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools

142.7 143.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6

Health care and social assistance

145.8 146.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Hospitals

143.1 143.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5

Public administration

146.3 147.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2018
Mar.
2019
Jun.
2019
Sep.
2019
Dec.
2019
Mar.
2020
Jun.
2020
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

140.2 141.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

140.0 141.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.7

Manufacturing

139.9 140.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Service-providing industries(3)

140.3 141.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.9

Education and health services

136.7 137.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.0 0.7 0.6

Educational services

133.8 134.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools

132.9 133.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

134.9 135.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 -0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance

139.8 140.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 -0.4 1.2 0.6

Hospitals

139.9 140.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4

Public administration

135.8 136.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.5

Private industry workers

All workers

141.5 142.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.9

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

139.8 140.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.6

Professional and related

138.8 139.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.0 -0.1 0.7 0.6

Management, business, and financial

141.2 141.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.5

Sales and office

142.3 144.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.1 1.5

Sales and related

138.8 141.9 1.1 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 -0.7 2.2

Office and administrative support

144.9 146.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

140.2 141.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.6 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

140.0 141.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.6 -0.7 0.5 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

140.5 141.3 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

144.2 145.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.1

Production

140.9 141.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7

Transportation and material moving

148.1 150.2 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.4

Service occupations

146.3 147.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

140.1 141.1 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.7

Construction

140.2 141.3 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.8

Manufacturing

139.9 140.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Aircraft manufacturing

148.3 149.2 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 -0.3 1.5 1.0 0.6

Service-providing industries(4)

142.0 143.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.6 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

143.4 145.3 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.3 1.3

Retail trade

146.0 149.1 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 2.1

Transportation and warehousing

148.5 151.0 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 1.7

Utilities

148.5 149.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.7

Information

137.3 139.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.5 1.5

Financial activities

141.5 142.6 0.6 1.0 0.1 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.8

Finance and insurance

142.5 143.7 0.5 1.0 0.1 1.4 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.0 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities

139.5 140.0 0.6 1.1 0.2 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities

141.3 142.9 0.4 1.3 0.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

137.7 138.0 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.2

Professional and business services

142.4 143.8 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 1.6 0.0 0.3 1.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services

144.1 145.7 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 2.0 -0.5 0.1 1.1

Education and health services

139.6 140.4 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.9 -0.3 1.0 0.6

Educational services

137.8 139.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.7 -0.4 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

137.4 137.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.4 -1.0 0.4

Health care and social assistance

139.9 140.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 -0.6 1.3 0.6

Hospitals

140.4 141.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality

148.1 148.6 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.3

Other services, except public administration

142.6 143.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.0 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

State and local government workers

All workers

134.6 135.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.5

Industry

Education and health services

133.6 134.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.5

Educational services

133.0 133.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5

Schools

133.0 133.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools

132.7 133.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5

Health care and social assistance

138.5 139.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.6

Hospitals

137.6 138.2 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.0 0.4

Public administration

135.8 136.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2018
Mar.
2019
Jun.
2019
Sep.
2019
Dec.
2019
Mar.
2020
Jun.
2020
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

144.0 144.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.6

Private industry workers

All workers

138.5 139.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.6

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

136.8 137.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.6

Sales and office

140.0 141.3 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

141.1 141.9 0.5 0.7 -0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

139.5 140.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.9

Service occupations

138.1 139.0 0.5 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.7

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

134.1 134.9 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.6

Manufacturing

133.5 134.4 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7

Service-providing industries(3)

140.1 141.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

163.3 164.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

All workers(2)

138.7 141.4 142.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.4 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

138.8 141.5 142.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.4 2.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

137.8 140.0 140.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.5 2.0 2.0

Management, business, and financial

138.8 141.0 141.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.4 1.8 1.8

Professional and related

137.2 139.5 140.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.4 2.1 2.1

Sales and office

139.3 142.4 143.7 0.3 0.4 0.9 2.8 2.5 3.2

Sales and related

134.6 137.9 139.7 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.7 2.7 3.8

Office and administrative support

142.2 145.1 146.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.4 2.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

138.4 141.0 141.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.5 2.3 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

138.9 140.8 141.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 3.0 1.9 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

138.0 141.4 141.9 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.1 2.9 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

139.6 143.1 144.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 3.3 3.2 3.3

Production

136.2 139.5 140.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.8 3.1 3.2

Transportation and material moving

143.5 147.2 148.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 3.8 3.4 3.5

Service occupations

142.0 145.5 146.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.5 3.3 3.3

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

135.8 138.2 139.0 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.0 2.2 2.4

Manufacturing

135.3 137.6 138.5 0.6 0.3 0.7 2.8 2.3 2.4

Service-providing industries(5)

139.2 142.0 142.8 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.5 2.6

Education and health services

138.7 141.0 141.7 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.6 2.2 2.2

Educational services

139.4 141.8 142.4 0.4 0.9 0.4 2.7 2.1 2.2

Elementary and secondary schools

139.6 142.3 143.0 0.4 1.2 0.5 2.8 2.3 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

139.3 140.6 141.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 2.7 1.4 1.3

Health care and social assistance

137.9 140.2 141.0 0.5 1.1 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.2

Hospitals

138.5 140.9 141.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.6 2.4 2.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

134.5 137.4 138.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 2.2 2.6 3.0

Public administration

143.4 146.2 146.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 3.0 2.6 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

All workers

138.0 140.7 141.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 2.7 2.4 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

138.1 140.8 141.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.7 2.4 2.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

136.8 139.0 139.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.2 1.9 2.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

136.1 138.3 138.8 0.3 0.5 0.4 2.3 1.9 2.0

Management, business, and financial

138.4 140.7 141.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.4 1.9 1.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

137.4 139.5 139.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.4 1.8 1.8

Professional and related

135.6 137.8 138.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.1 2.0 2.1

Sales and office

138.8 141.9 143.2 0.3 0.3 0.9 2.8 2.5 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

140.9 143.9 145.0 0.4 0.4 0.8 2.8 2.5 2.9

Sales and related

134.5 137.8 139.6 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.8 2.7 3.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

139.0 142.2 143.9 0.4 0.3 1.2 2.8 2.7 3.5

Office and administrative support

141.9 144.8 145.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.8 2.4 2.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

137.9 140.6 141.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.5 2.4 2.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

138.6 140.4 141.2 0.5 0.4 0.6 3.1 1.8 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

137.3 140.8 141.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.0 3.0 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

139.2 142.7 143.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 3.3 3.3 3.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

139.0 142.5 143.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 3.2 3.3 3.3

Production

136.0 139.3 140.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.8 3.1 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

136.4 139.8 140.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 2.9 3.2 3.2

Transportation and material moving

143.2 146.9 148.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 3.9 3.5 3.5

Service occupations

140.6 144.3 145.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 3.7 3.7 3.6

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

135.8 138.2 138.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 3.0 2.3 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

135.9 138.1 138.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 2.8 2.1 2.1

Management, professional, and related

133.3 135.2 135.6 0.3 0.1 0.3 2.5 1.7 1.7

Sales and office

139.9 142.6 143.4 0.7 0.1 0.6 4.2 2.7 2.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

137.8 139.9 140.7 0.4 0.5 0.6 3.0 1.9 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

135.2 138.2 139.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 3.0 3.0 3.0

Construction

137.0 139.7 140.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.5 2.4 2.4

Manufacturing

135.3 137.6 138.5 0.6 0.3 0.7 2.8 2.3 2.4

Management, professional, and related

134.4 136.3 136.9 0.4 0.1 0.4 2.5 1.8 1.9

Sales and office occupations

139.9 139.9 140.6 0.8 -0.1 0.5 3.3 0.8 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

135.2 138.2 139.4 0.4 0.4 0.9 2.3 2.7 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

134.9 137.9 138.9 0.7 0.5 0.7 3.1 3.0 3.0

Aircraft manufacturing

122.3 123.0 123.1 -0.1 0.6 0.1 1.7 0.5 0.7

Service-providing industries(4)

138.7 141.5 142.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.5 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

138.8 141.7 142.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.6 2.5 2.7

Management, professional, and related

137.5 139.8 140.2 0.3 0.6 0.3 2.2 2.0 2.0

Sales and office

138.7 141.8 143.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 2.7 2.5 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

138.2 141.8 142.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.0 3.2 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

143.8 147.7 149.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 3.7 3.6 3.6

Service occupations

140.6 144.3 145.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 3.7 3.7 3.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

140.7 143.8 145.1 0.4 0.3 0.9 2.9 2.6 3.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

141.4 144.5 146.0 0.5 0.3 1.0 3.0 2.7 3.3

Wholesale trade

134.9 138.0 138.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.4 2.4 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

139.0 141.2 142.1 0.6 0.1 0.6 2.7 2.2 2.2

Retail trade

141.7 144.7 146.7 0.6 0.3 1.4 3.2 2.7 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

140.2 143.8 145.8 0.5 0.3 1.4 2.9 3.1 4.0

Transportation and warehousing

144.8 148.2 149.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 3.9 3.1 3.3

Utilities

150.4 153.3 154.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 3.7 2.3 2.4

Information

135.7 139.0 139.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 2.7 3.1

Financial activities

138.2 141.2 141.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 3.0 2.3 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

138.4 141.5 141.5 0.3 0.5 0.0 2.7 2.5 2.2

Finance and insurance

138.6 141.7 142.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.0 2.3 2.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

137.1 140.7 140.5 0.1 0.2 -0.1 3.5 2.7 2.5

Excluding incentive paid

141.0 144.0 144.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1 3.0 2.2 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

139.6 142.7 143.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.9 2.2 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

138.8 141.9 142.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 2.7 2.5 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

136.3 138.8 138.8 0.3 0.7 0.0 2.4 2.1 1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

140.1 142.7 142.7 0.5 0.6 0.0 2.5 2.4 1.9

Professional and business services

138.7 141.4 142.4 0.3 0.4 0.7 2.6 2.2 2.7

Professional, scientific, and technical services

140.5 142.9 144.0 0.1 0.3 0.8 2.2 1.8 2.5

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

135.8 139.0 140.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 2.9 3.0 3.3

Education and health services

137.2 139.5 140.2 0.4 1.0 0.5 2.3 2.1 2.2

Educational services

137.6 139.6 140.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 2.4 1.7 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

139.5 140.4 140.8 0.4 -0.2 0.3 2.4 1.1 0.9

Health care and social assistance

137.1 139.4 140.2 0.5 1.1 0.6 2.2 2.2 2.3

Hospitals

138.0 140.4 141.1 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.4 2.4 2.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

132.8 135.8 136.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 2.2 2.7 3.0

Nursing care facilities(2)

132.1 134.9 136.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.9 2.7 3.0

Leisure and hospitality

140.0 144.1 144.7 1.2 0.9 0.4 3.2 4.1 3.4

Accommodations and food service

141.6 146.5 147.3 1.1 1.2 0.5 3.9 4.6 4.0

Other services, except public administration

139.2 141.8 142.3 0.9 0.5 0.4 3.1 2.8 2.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Bargaining status

Union

142.3 145.6 146.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.5 3.0 2.8

Goods-producing industries(2)

137.0 140.1 140.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.9 2.8 2.8

Manufacturing

129.8 133.5 134.7 0.5 0.6 0.9 2.3 3.4 3.8

Service-providing industries(3)

146.2 149.6 150.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 2.4 3.0 2.7

Nonunion

137.3 140.1 140.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.7 2.4 2.6

Goods-producing industries(2)

135.4 137.6 138.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 3.0 2.2 2.1

Manufacturing

136.6 138.7 139.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 2.9 2.1 2.1

Service-providing industries(3)

137.9 140.7 141.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.5 2.7

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

140.7 143.1 144.0 0.5 0.4 0.6 3.1 2.2 2.3

New England

144.0 146.5 147.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.9 2.2 2.1

Middle Atlantic

139.5 141.9 142.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 3.0 2.2 2.4

South

135.8 138.4 139.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 2.5 2.3 2.6

South Atlantic

138.0 140.7 141.8 0.4 0.3 0.8 2.4 2.3 2.8

East South Central

135.5 137.1 137.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 3.2 1.6 1.4

West South Central

132.3 135.1 135.9 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.4 2.5 2.7

Midwest

135.7 138.2 139.1 0.5 0.4 0.7 2.6 2.4 2.5

East North Central

134.1 136.7 137.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.4 2.4 2.6

West North Central

139.4 142.0 142.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.7 2.4 2.5

West

140.9 144.4 145.1 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.7 2.8 3.0

Mountain

138.0 141.4 142.0 0.1 0.6 0.4 2.9 2.6 2.9

Pacific

142.2 145.7 146.4 0.4 1.0 0.5 2.7 2.9 3.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

All workers

141.7 144.3 144.9 0.5 1.0 0.4 2.9 2.3 2.3

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

140.3 142.7 143.2 0.5 0.9 0.4 2.9 2.2 2.1

Professional and related

140.1 142.6 143.1 0.5 1.0 0.4 2.9 2.3 2.1

Sales and office

144.0 147.1 148.0 0.4 1.0 0.6 2.9 2.6 2.8

Office and administrative support

144.1 147.2 148.1 0.4 1.0 0.6 2.9 2.6 2.8

Service occupations

145.1 148.2 149.1 0.6 0.9 0.6 3.1 2.7 2.8

Industry

Education and health services

140.3 142.7 143.4 0.4 1.0 0.5 2.8 2.1 2.2

Educational services

139.9 142.4 142.9 0.4 1.1 0.4 2.8 2.2 2.1

Schools

139.8 142.3 142.9 0.4 1.1 0.4 2.8 2.2 2.2

Elementary and secondary schools

140.0 142.8 143.4 0.4 1.3 0.4 2.8 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance

143.5 145.7 146.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 3.0 2.2 2.2

Hospitals

140.8 143.0 143.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 3.2 2.4 2.2

Public administration

143.4 146.2 146.8 0.6 0.8 0.4 3.0 2.6 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

All workers(1)

137.7 140.4 141.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.9 2.5 2.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

137.5 140.1 140.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.9 2.4 2.5

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

136.1 138.3 138.7 0.3 0.5 0.3 2.3 1.9 1.9

Management, business, and financial

138.6 140.7 141.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.5 1.8 1.7

Professional and related

134.8 137.0 137.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.4 2.0 2.0

Sales and office

138.7 142.0 143.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 3.1 2.7 3.4

Sales and related

135.7 139.2 141.4 0.4 0.0 1.6 3.3 3.0 4.2

Office and administrative support

140.8 143.8 144.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 3.1 2.5 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

137.2 140.0 140.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.0 2.6 2.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

137.6 139.6 140.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.1 2.1 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

136.9 140.5 141.2 0.5 0.8 0.5 2.8 3.2 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

140.3 144.1 145.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.8 3.7 3.6

Production

137.5 141.0 141.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 3.2 3.4 3.2

Transportation and material moving

143.4 147.5 149.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.6 3.9 3.9

Service occupations

140.8 144.4 145.7 1.0 0.8 0.9 3.8 3.6 3.5

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

137.4 140.1 140.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.4 2.6 2.5

Manufacturing

137.1 139.8 140.7 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.2 2.7 2.6

Service-providing industries(4)

137.7 140.5 141.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.5 2.6

Education and health services

134.9 136.9 137.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 2.5 1.9 2.0

Educational services

132.4 134.3 134.8 0.3 0.8 0.4 2.6 1.7 1.8

Elementary and secondary schools

131.2 133.4 133.8 0.2 1.1 0.3 2.7 1.9 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

134.3 135.2 135.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 2.4 1.1 1.0

Health care and social assistance

137.7 139.8 140.7 0.7 1.2 0.6 2.5 2.2 2.2

Hospitals

137.6 139.8 140.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 2.5 2.3 2.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

134.8 138.2 139.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 2.6 3.1 3.4

Public administration

134.2 135.9 136.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 2.6 1.9 1.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

All workers

138.7 141.7 142.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 3.0 2.7 2.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

138.6 141.5 142.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.0 2.7 2.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

137.7 140.0 140.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.3 2.0 2.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

136.5 138.7 139.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.0 2.0

Management, business, and financial

139.2 141.4 141.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 2.5 1.8 1.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

137.4 139.3 139.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 2.5 1.7 1.7

Professional and related

136.6 138.9 139.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.2 2.1 2.1

Sales and office

139.2 142.6 144.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 3.1 2.7 3.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

141.2 144.4 145.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 3.1 2.7 3.2

Sales and related

135.8 139.3 141.5 0.4 0.0 1.6 3.3 3.0 4.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

140.2 143.6 145.7 0.5 0.3 1.5 3.2 2.9 3.9

Office and administrative support

141.9 145.0 146.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 3.1 2.5 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

137.4 140.3 141.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.0 2.7 2.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

138.0 140.1 141.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 3.3 2.2 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair

136.9 140.7 141.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 2.9 3.2 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

140.5 144.2 145.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 4.0 3.7 3.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

140.3 144.0 145.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 3.8 3.6 3.5

Production

137.4 140.8 141.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 3.2 3.4 3.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

137.8 141.4 142.3 0.9 0.9 0.6 3.3 3.5 3.3

Transportation and material moving

144.0 148.2 149.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.7 3.9 4.0

Service occupations

142.2 146.2 147.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 4.3 4.1 3.8

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

137.5 140.2 141.0 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.4 2.7 2.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

137.5 139.9 140.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 3.2 2.3 2.3

Management, professional, and related

136.4 138.8 139.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 2.8 2.2 2.1

Sales and office

142.2 145.9 146.9 0.9 0.1 0.7 5.1 3.5 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

138.0 140.1 141.0 0.6 0.5 0.6 3.3 2.1 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving

136.7 139.9 140.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 3.4 3.3 3.0

Construction

137.4 140.5 141.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 3.8 2.8 2.8

Manufacturing

137.1 139.8 140.7 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.2 2.7 2.6

Management, professional, and related

136.8 139.5 140.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.8 2.4 2.5

Sales and office

141.1 141.0 142.1 1.1 -0.1 0.8 3.7 1.0 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

137.6 140.9 142.1 0.8 0.6 0.9 3.0 3.2 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving

136.5 139.7 140.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 3.5 3.3 3.1

Aircraft manufacturing

144.1 148.1 148.2 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.8 2.8 2.8

Service-providing industries(3)

139.1 142.1 143.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

138.9 141.9 142.9 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.9 2.7 2.9

Management, professional, and related

137.9 140.2 140.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 2.2 2.0 2.0

Sales and office

139.0 142.3 143.8 0.3 0.4 1.1 3.0 2.7 3.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

136.7 140.7 141.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 2.7 3.5 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

144.3 148.6 150.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.5 4.0 4.0

Service occupations

142.1 146.2 147.6 1.1 0.9 1.0 4.2 4.1 3.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

140.2 143.5 144.9 0.5 0.3 1.0 3.3 2.9 3.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

140.5 143.8 145.5 0.6 0.3 1.2 3.5 2.9 3.6

Wholesale trade

132.1 135.4 135.3 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 1.3 2.4 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

135.6 137.9 138.8 0.6 0.1 0.7 2.9 2.3 2.4

Retail trade

142.9 146.2 148.6 0.6 0.3 1.6 3.9 2.9 4.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

141.0 144.9 147.2 0.6 0.3 1.6 3.8 3.4 4.4

Transportation and warehousing

144.9 148.8 150.5 0.8 0.7 1.1 4.7 3.5 3.9

Utilities

145.6 148.4 148.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 3.0 2.1 2.1

Information

134.8 137.6 138.9 0.3 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.4 3.0

Financial activities

139.0 141.7 142.2 0.2 -0.1 0.4 3.0 2.2 2.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

138.3 140.9 141.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 2.4 2.2 2.0

Finance and insurance

139.9 142.6 143.3 0.1 -0.3 0.5 3.0 2.1 2.4

Credit intermediation and related activities

136.1 139.7 139.4 0.0 0.4 -0.2 3.4 2.6 2.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

139.7 142.0 142.4 0.0 -0.1 0.3 2.8 1.6 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities

138.3 141.4 142.1 -0.2 0.2 0.5 2.7 2.0 2.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

136.3 139.5 139.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.3 2.6 2.6

Real estate and rental and leasing

135.2 137.7 137.8 0.4 0.7 0.1 2.5 2.3 1.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

139.3 141.9 142.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 2.7 2.6 1.9

Professional and business services

139.5 142.6 143.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.7 2.6 2.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

141.4 144.3 145.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.7

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

137.7 141.5 142.9 0.6 0.6 1.0 3.2 3.4 3.8

Education and health services

137.4 139.7 140.6 0.5 1.2 0.6 2.4 2.2 2.3

Educational services

136.4 138.3 139.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 2.6 1.6 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

137.2 137.8 138.2 0.5 -0.3 0.3 2.4 1.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance

137.7 140.0 140.8 0.6 1.3 0.6 2.4 2.3 2.3

Hospitals

137.9 140.3 141.1 0.7 0.4 0.6 2.4 2.4 2.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

134.8 138.4 139.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 2.6 3.3 3.6

Nursing care facilities(1)

133.8 137.3 138.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.1 3.3 3.7

Leisure and hospitality

143.4 147.9 148.5 1.3 1.0 0.4 3.6 4.4 3.6

Accommodation and food service

144.8 150.1 151.1 1.3 1.4 0.7 4.3 5.0 4.4

Other services, except public administration

139.9 142.8 143.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 3.3 3.1 2.4

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Bargaining status

Union

139.2 142.2 143.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 3.4 3.0 2.7

Goods-producing industries(1)

134.1 136.9 137.5 0.8 0.8 0.4 3.0 2.9 2.5

Manufacturing

130.9 134.7 135.5 1.0 0.9 0.6 2.7 3.9 3.5

Service-providing industries(2)

142.5 145.6 146.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 3.6 3.0 2.9

Nonunion

138.7 141.6 142.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 3.0 2.6 2.8

Goods-producing industries(1)

138.2 140.9 141.8 0.7 0.3 0.6 3.4 2.6 2.6

Manufacturing

138.4 140.9 141.8 0.7 0.3 0.6 3.3 2.5 2.5

Service-providing industries(2)

138.8 141.8 142.8 0.4 0.6 0.7 2.8 2.6 2.9

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

140.7 143.1 144.1 0.6 0.3 0.7 3.5 2.4 2.4

New England

146.1 148.7 149.0 0.5 0.6 0.2 3.3 2.3 2.0

Middle Atlantic

138.7 141.1 142.3 0.7 0.2 0.9 3.5 2.4 2.6

South

137.3 140.1 141.2 0.4 0.3 0.8 2.8 2.5 2.8

South Atlantic

139.7 142.7 144.0 0.4 0.4 0.9 2.8 2.6 3.1

East South Central

136.3 138.0 138.4 0.5 0.1 0.3 3.5 1.8 1.5

West South Central

133.7 136.5 137.6 0.4 0.2 0.8 2.5 2.5 2.9

Midwest

136.0 138.7 139.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.8 2.7 2.6

East North Central

134.3 137.0 138.0 0.7 0.5 0.7 2.8 2.7 2.8

West North Central

140.0 142.8 143.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.9 2.7 2.6

West

141.9 145.8 146.5 0.4 1.0 0.5 3.0 3.1 3.2

Mountain

139.1 142.8 143.5 0.1 0.7 0.5 2.9 2.7 3.2

Pacific

143.2 147.1 147.8 0.5 1.1 0.5 3.1 3.2 3.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

All workers

133.0 134.9 135.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 2.5 1.8 1.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

132.2 133.9 134.3 0.5 0.7 0.3 2.7 1.7 1.6

Professional and related

131.9 133.8 134.2 0.4 0.8 0.3 2.6 1.8 1.7

Sales and office

132.9 134.9 135.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 2.5 1.9 2.1

Office and administrative support

133.3 135.4 136.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 2.5 1.9 2.2

Service occupations

136.1 138.4 139.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 2.6 2.1 2.3

Industry

Education and health services

132.2 134.0 134.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 2.6 1.7 1.7

Educational services

131.6 133.5 133.9 0.2 0.9 0.3 2.7 1.7 1.7

Schools

131.6 133.5 133.9 0.3 0.9 0.3 2.7 1.8 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools

131.1 133.3 133.6 0.2 1.1 0.2 2.7 1.9 1.9

Health care and social assistance

137.1 138.5 139.6 0.9 0.2 0.8 2.8 1.9 1.8

Hospitals

135.9 137.5 138.5 1.0 0.2 0.7 2.9 2.2 1.9

Public administration

134.2 135.9 136.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 2.6 1.9 1.7

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

141.2 143.9 144.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 2.2 2.3 2.3

Private industry workers

All workers

136.2 138.5 139.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.9 2.0 2.1

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

134.8 136.9 137.2 0.2 0.4 0.2 2.0 1.8 1.8

Sales and office

137.7 140.1 140.9 0.1 0.2 0.6 1.8 1.8 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

139.0 141.2 141.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.5 1.8 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

136.6 139.5 140.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.1 2.5 2.9

Service occupations

135.5 138.0 138.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.4 2.4

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

132.5 134.2 134.9 0.2 0.2 0.5 2.2 1.4 1.8

Manufacturing

131.9 133.5 134.3 0.2 0.1 0.6 2.2 1.4 1.8

Aircraft manufacturing

99.0 96.3 96.4 -0.3 0.7 0.1 1.3 -3.0 -2.6

Service-providing industries(3)

137.6 140.1 140.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.9 2.1 2.2

Bargaining status

Union

147.4 151.1 151.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 1.2 2.9 2.8

Nonunion

133.9 136.0 136.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.1 1.8 2.0

State and local government workers

All workers

159.5 163.6 164.4 0.6 1.4 0.5 3.3 3.2 3.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) 12-month percent changes -
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020
Dec.
2019
Sep.
2020
Dec.
2020

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

3.5 3.4 3.3 3.9 3.7 3.2

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

3.8 1.9 1.8 4.0 1.9 1.8

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

2.3 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.7

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

3.1 2.5 2.9 3.8 2.6 3.4

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

2.6 3.1 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.8

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

1.9 2.2 2.7 1.6 2.2 3.0

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

2.3 1.5 1.5 2.6 1.6 1.5

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

2.8 3.6 3.6 2.9 3.9 3.9

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

2.4 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.2

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

2.9 2.7 3.1 3.7 3.0 2.9

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

2.5 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.8

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

3.4 2.7 3.7 4.0 3.1 4.5

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

3.3 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.2

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

2.6 3.5 3.5 3.2 4.0 3.7

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

1.4 2.6 3.1 1.3 3.6 4.1

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey


Last Modified Date: January 29, 2021