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EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX - DECEMBER 2011
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.4 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month
period ending December 2011, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries
(which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) also increased 0.4 percent, and benefits (which
make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.6 percent.
Civilian Workers
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.0 percent for the 12-month period ending
December 2011, the same as the increase a year earlier in December 2010. Wages and salaries increased
1.4 percent for the current 12-month period. In December 2010 the increase was 1.6 percent. Benefit
costs increased 3.2 percent for the 12-month period ending December 2011. In December 2010, the
increase was 2.9 percent.
Private Industry Workers
Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.2 percent over the year, compared to the
2.1 percent increase for the previous 12-month period. Wages and salaries increased 1.6 percent for the
current 12-month period. The increase for the 12-month period ending December 2010 was 1.8 percent.
The increase in the cost of benefits was 3.6 percent for the 12-month period ending December 2011,
higher than the December 2010 increase of 2.9 percent. Employer costs for health benefits increased
3.5 percent for the 12-month period ending December 2011, lower than the December 2010 increase of
5.0 percent.
Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the
12-month period ending December 2011 ranged from 1.7 percent for service occupations to 2.4 percent
for production, transportation, and material moving occupations.
Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current
12-month period ranged from 1.0 percent for leisure and hospitality to 2.8 percent for manufacturing.
State and Local Government Workers
Compensation costs for state and local government workers decelerated over the year. In December
2011, the increase for the 12-month period was 1.3 percent. In December 2010, the increase for the
12-month period was 1.8 percent. Values for this series—which began in June 1982—have ranged from
the current period’s 1.3 percent to 9.6 percent. Wages and salaries increased 1.0 percent for the
12-month period ending December 2011. A year earlier the increase was 1.2 percent. Prior values for this
series, which also began in June 1982, ranged from 1.0 percent to 8.5 percent. Benefit costs increased
2.1 percent in December 2011, down from the December 2010 increase of 2.9 percent. Prior values for
this series, which began in June 1990, ranged from 1.2 percent to 8.3 percent.
________________________
The Employment Cost Index for March 2012 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, April 27, 2012, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an e-mail subscription service at:
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index
(Percent change)
Category 3-month, 12-month,
seasonally adjusted not seasonally adjusted
Sep. Dec. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec.
2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
CIVILIAN
WORKERS[1]
Compensation[2] 0.3 0.4 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0
Wages and salaries 0.3 0.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4
Benefits 0.1 0.6 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.2
PRIVATE INDUSTRY
Compensation[2] 0.4 0.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.2
Wages and salaries 0.4 0.4 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6
Benefits 0.1 0.7 2.9 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.6
STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Compensation[2] 0.0 0.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.3
Wages and salaries -0.2 0.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0
Benefits 0.3 0.3 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.1
__________________________________________________________________________________________
[1] Includes private industry and State and local government.
[2] Includes wages and salaries and benefits.
TECHNICAL NOTE
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the
influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. Detailed information on survey
concepts, coverage, and methods can be found in BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 8, “National
Compensation Measures,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, on the Internet at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.
Sample size
Data for the December 2011 reference period were collected from a probability sample of
approximately 48,200 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 9,400 establishments in
private industry and approximately 9,300 occupations from a sample of about 1,400 establishments in
state and local governments.
Health insurance data
Data from the ECI that provide 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance
in private industry are available at www.bls.gov/ect/sp/echealth.pdf.
Historical listings
Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included
among these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses
the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Census of Population series through 2005 and the
North American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to
the present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI in 1975 through the current
quarter. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article published
in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are
published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). The
next ECEC release is scheduled for 10:00 a.m. (EST), Wednesday, March 14, 2012. Historical ECEC
data are available in summary documents at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with
current employment weights rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year
changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI.
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec.
2011 2011 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 115.1 115.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.4
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 113.4 114.1 .7 .5 .7 .4 .4 1.2 .2 .6
Manufacturing.......................... 112.8 113.5 .7 .7 .8 .5 .6 1.4 .2 .6
Service-providing industries(4).......... 115.5 116.0 .5 .5 .3 .5 .6 .6 .3 .4
Education and health services.......... 116.1 116.6 .4 .4 .3 .5 .4 .4 .0 .4
Education services................... 116.0 116.4 .4 .4 .1 .5 .5 .3 -.1 .3
Elementary and secondary schools... 116.0 116.5 .4 .5 -.1 .4 .5 .5 -.4 .4
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 115.5 115.8 .3 .4 .2 .8 .4 .2 .3 .3
Health care and social assistance(5) 116.3 116.9 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 .5
Hospitals.......................... 117.3 117.8 .5 .6 .4 .6 .5 .3 .3 .4
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 114.3 114.4 .4 .2 .5 .1 .5 .4 .4 .1
Public administration.................. 117.9 118.2 .4 .5 .6 .3 .5 .3 .1 .3
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 114.6 115.1 .6 .5 .4 .5 .5 .8 .4 .4
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 115.1 115.7 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .7 .3 .5
Management, business, and financial.... 114.9 115.4 .6 .5 .4 .5 .6 .9 .5 .4
Professional and related............... 115.3 116.0 .4 .4 .5 .4 .6 .6 .2 .6
Sales and office......................... 113.8 114.2 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .9 .5 .4
Sales and related...................... 110.2 110.6 .7 .8 .1 .7 .4 1.1 .5 .4
Office and administrative support...... 116.3 116.7 .5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .7 .5 .3
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 115.5 116.0 .7 .4 .4 .4 .4 .9 .6 .4
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 115.9 116.6 .7 .2 .6 .3 .4 .3 .4 .6
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 115.0 115.3 .9 .3 .3 .5 .2 1.5 .8 .3
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 113.7 114.5 .6 .5 .7 .5 .4 1.2 .2 .7
Production............................. 113.3 114.1 .7 .5 .6 .5 .3 1.5 .1 .7
Transportation and material moving..... 114.1 115.0 .6 .5 .8 .6 .4 .7 .2 .8
Service occupations...................... 114.8 115.6 .3 .4 .4 .5 .7 .2 .1 .7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 113.3 114.1 .7 .5 .6 .4 .5 1.2 .1 .7
Construction........................... 113.8 114.6 .3 .2 .4 .1 .1 .6 .2 .7
Manufacturing.......................... 112.8 113.5 .7 .7 .8 .5 .6 1.4 .2 .6
Aircraft manufacturing............... 96.8 97.1 .3 .2 6.5 .3 2.2 .6 -5.6 .3
Service-providing industries(6).......... 115.0 115.5 .5 .5 .4 .5 .6 .7 .3 .4
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 113.7 114.3 1.0 .7 .2 .5 .5 .8 .6 .5
Retail trade......................... 113.9 114.5 .9 .6 .1 .2 .4 .8 .4 .5
Transportation and warehousing....... 113.4 113.8 .6 .6 .9 .7 .8 .4 .4 .4
Utilities............................ 121.5 122.4 2.5 .9 1.1 .4 1.0 .8 1.0 .7
Information............................ 112.3 112.7 .4 .7 .4 .1 1.3 .5 .1 .4
Financial activities................... 114.3 114.5 .8 .5 .3 .9 1.2 .5 .7 .2
Finance and insurance................ 114.6 114.8 .8 .6 .3 1.0 1.2 .5 .5 .2
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 114.5 114.2 .7 .5 .6 1.0 1.5 .4 .8 -.3
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 114.8 115.7 .7 .6 .2 .5 .8 .7 .3 .8
Real estate and rental and leasing... 112.5 113.2 .8 -.4 .4 .7 .9 .7 1.0 .6
Professional and business services..... 116.8 117.2 .4 .4 .5 .6 .6 1.1 .1 .3
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 119.4 119.9 .3 .6 .7 .7 .7 1.0 .1 .4
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 113.3 114.0 .3 -.2 .5 .4 .3 1.0 -.1 .6
Education and health services.......... 115.9 116.6 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 .6
Education services................... 116.3 117.3 .3 .3 .5 .6 .3 .6 .3 .9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 116.0 116.9 .3 .4 .4 .6 .4 .4 .1 .8
Health care and social assistance(5) 115.8 116.4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 .5
Hospitals.......................... 116.9 117.5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .3 .4 .3 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 113.6 113.7 .5 .2 .4 .2 .4 .4 .4 .1
Leisure and hospitality................ 115.0 115.2 .4 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2
Accommodation and food services...... 115.8 116.0 .2 .4 .2 .3 .4 .2 .3 .2
Other services, except public
administration........................ 114.9 115.9 .3 .4 .4 .4 .7 .1 .4 .9
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 117.2 117.5 .4 .6 .3 .5 .5 .4 .0 .3
Industry
Education and health services.......... 116.3 116.7 .4 .4 .1 .5 .6 .3 -.2 .3
Education services................... 115.9 116.3 .4 .4 .0 .5 .6 .3 -.3 .3
Schools............................ 115.9 116.3 .4 .4 .0 .5 .6 .3 -.3 .3
Elementary and secondary schools 116.1 116.6 .4 .4 .0 .4 .5 .4 -.3 .4
Health care and social assistance(5) 119.8 120.1 .4 .4 .5 .7 1.1 .2 .4 .3
Hospitals.......................... 118.9 119.2 .4 .6 .5 .8 .9 .2 .5 .3
Public administration.................. 117.9 118.2 .4 .5 .6 .3 .5 .3 .1 .3
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except
public administration; and public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec.
2011 2011 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 114.2 114.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 113.1 113.6 .3 .4 .5 .3 .4 .5 .4 .4
Manufacturing.......................... 112.5 112.9 .3 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4
Service-providing industries(3).......... 114.5 114.9 .4 .5 .2 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3
Education and health services.......... 114.7 115.2 .4 .4 .1 .4 .4 .3 .0 .4
Education services................... 113.8 114.3 .4 .4 -.1 .5 .4 .4 -.4 .4
Elementary and secondary schools... 113.6 114.1 .5 .5 -.3 .4 .4 .4 -.5 .4
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 113.7 114.0 .2 .4 .1 .5 .4 .4 .1 .3
Health care and social assistance(4) 115.7 116.2 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4
Hospitals.......................... 116.7 117.1 .4 .5 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3
Public administration.................. 114.7 115.0 .3 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .1 .3
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 114.2 114.7 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 115.3 115.8 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4
Management, business, and financial.... 115.0 115.3 .6 .5 .4 .5 .2 .5 .7 .2
Professional and related............... 115.5 116.1 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5
Sales and office......................... 113.2 113.6 .5 .5 .3 .6 .3 .6 .6 .4
Sales and related...................... 110.2 110.7 .8 .8 -.1 .8 .0 .9 .7 .5
Office and administrative support...... 115.4 115.8 .2 .4 .6 .4 .6 .4 .5 .4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 115.2 115.4 .4 .2 .3 .2 .4 .7 .6 .2
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 115.3 115.7 .3 .3 .4 .2 .5 .3 .4 .3
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 115.0 115.1 .7 .0 .0 .4 .1 1.0 1.0 .1
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 112.3 112.9 .2 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .2 .5
Production............................. 111.9 112.4 .2 .4 .4 .2 .4 .4 .3 .5
Transportation and material moving..... 112.9 113.5 .3 .4 .6 .5 .3 .3 .1 .6
Service occupations(5)................... 114.4 115.2 .2 .2 .3 .4 .5 .1 .1 .7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 113.1 113.6 .2 .5 .5 .3 .4 .5 .4 .4
Construction........................... 113.5 114.1 .2 .2 .4 .0 .0 .5 .2 .5
Manufacturing.......................... 112.5 112.9 .3 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4
Aircraft manufacturing............... 117.6 118.2 .6 .5 .9 .5 .2 .9 .9 .5
Service-providing industries(6).......... 114.6 115.0 .4 .4 .4 .5 .3 .5 .4 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 112.4 113.0 .6 .6 .1 .5 .1 .5 .7 .5
Retail trade(7)...................... 113.8 114.5 .6 .6 -.1 .3 .3 .5 .7 .6
Transportation and warehousing....... 111.9 112.2 .5 .6 .8 .6 .2 .3 .2 .3
Utilities............................ 118.5 119.1 .3 .4 .9 .4 .9 .8 .6 .5
Information............................ 112.4 112.7 .3 .5 .5 .0 1.2 .2 .2 .3
Financial activities................... 114.0 114.1 .6 .7 .3 1.2 .6 .1 .8 .1
Finance and insurance................ 114.7 114.9 .5 1.1 .4 1.3 .5 -.1 .7 .2
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 112.5 112.0 -.4 .7 .6 1.3 1.4 -.4 .9 -.5
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 114.1 115.2 .6 .5 .2 .6 .3 .4 .4 1.0
Professional and business services..... 116.8 117.1 .3 .5 .6 .5 .4 1.0 .2 .3
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 119.5 119.7 .4 .6 .7 .7 .5 1.2 .1 .2
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 113.2 113.8 -.2 .0 .4 .4 .0 .8 .0 .5
Education and health services.......... 115.5 116.1 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 .5
Education services................... 115.7 116.7 .1 .4 .6 .6 .3 .4 .3 .9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 115.2 115.9 .2 .6 .3 .5 .5 .3 .3 .6
Health care and social assistance(4) 115.4 115.9 .5 .3 .4 .3 .2 .4 .3 .4
Hospitals.......................... 116.5 117.0 .4 .5 .2 .4 .5 .3 .4 .5
Leisure and hospitality................ 115.7 115.9 .4 .3 .1 .3 .0 .3 .3 .2
Accommodation and food services...... 116.3 116.5 .2 .3 .1 .3 .2 .3 .4 .2
Other services, except public
administration........................ 114.5 115.5 -.1 .4 .4 .4 .6 -.1 .4 .9
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 114.3 114.7 .4 .4 -.1 .4 .4 .4 -.2 .3
Industry
Education and health services.......... 114.0 114.3 .4 .4 -.2 .4 .4 .4 -.3 .3
Education services................... 113.5 113.9 .5 .4 -.2 .5 .4 .4 -.4 .4
Schools............................ 113.5 113.9 .5 .4 -.2 .4 .4 .4 -.4 .4
Elementary and secondary schools 113.6 114.1 .5 .5 -.3 .4 .4 .4 -.5 .5
Health care and social assistance(4) 117.8 118.1 .3 .4 .1 .6 .5 .1 .3 .3
Hospitals.......................... 117.4 117.5 .3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .1 .4 .1
Public administration.................. 114.7 115.0 .3 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .1 .3
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except
public administration; and public administration.
4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
5 Seasonally adjusted indexes and 3-month percent changes for this series are being published for the first
time with the 2011 seasonal adjustment revisions. Historical data for this series are published beginning with
March 2006.
6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
7 The retail trade wages series is seasonal as of the 2011 revision. Seasonality was first found in the 2006
revision and the series continued to be seasonally adjusted until the 2010 revision when it was discontinued for
one year. Historical data for this series is published beginning with March 2001.
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec.
2011 2011 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 117.0 117.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.1 0.6
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 115.4 116.2 1.2 .5 .6 .5 1.2 1.6 .1 .7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 114.7 115.6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.3 1.4 .0 .8
Sales and office......................... 115.3 115.7 1.1 .8 .6 .3 1.2 1.5 .3 .3
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 116.2 117.3 1.5 .5 .7 .7 .3 1.4 .5 .9
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 116.3 117.6 1.5 1.0 1.1 .8 .4 2.8 .0 1.1
Service occupations...................... 115.9 116.8 .6 .8 .7 .5 1.4 .6 -.1 .7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 113.8 115.1 1.6 .7 1.1 .6 .6 2.3 -.2 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 113.4 114.7 1.8 1.1 1.3 .8 .9 2.9 -.4 1.1
Service-providing industries(3).......... 116.0 116.6 1.0 .5 .4 .4 1.4 1.2 .2 .5
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 123.1 123.5 .5 .8 .8 .7 .9 .5 .3 .3
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services,
except public administration.
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 113.2 115.2 115.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.0 2.0 2.0
Excluding incentive paid occupations(3) 113.7 115.7 116.0 .3 .4 .3 2.0 2.0 2.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 113.7 115.6 115.8 .3 .3 .2 1.9 1.9 1.8
Management, business, and financial.... 112.7 115.1 115.3 .4 .3 .2 2.1 2.5 2.3
Professional and related............... 114.3 115.9 116.2 .2 .4 .3 1.8 1.6 1.7
Sales and office......................... 112.1 114.2 114.6 .4 .4 .4 2.2 2.3 2.2
Sales and related...................... 108.1 110.4 110.8 .7 .5 .4 2.2 2.8 2.5
Office and administrative support...... 114.4 116.6 116.8 .3 .4 .2 2.1 2.2 2.1
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 113.6 115.8 116.1 .2 .5 .3 1.9 2.1 2.2
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 114.5 116.1 116.5 .1 .4 .3 1.8 1.5 1.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 112.6 115.5 115.6 .4 .7 .1 2.0 2.9 2.7
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 111.9 114.2 114.6 .2 .3 .4 2.5 2.2 2.4
Production............................. 110.9 113.4 113.8 .1 .2 .4 2.4 2.3 2.6
Transportation and material moving..... 113.3 115.1 115.6 .4 .3 .4 2.6 1.9 2.0
Service occupations...................... 114.9 116.2 116.6 .3 .3 .3 1.8 1.4 1.5
Industry
Goods-producing industries(4)............ 111.1 113.5 113.9 .1 .3 .4 2.3 2.3 2.5
Manufacturing.......................... 110.0 112.8 113.1 .1 .1 .3 2.8 2.6 2.8
Service-providing industries(5).......... 113.6 115.5 115.8 .3 .4 .3 1.9 1.9 1.9
Education and health services.......... 115.2 116.5 116.8 .3 .7 .3 1.6 1.5 1.4
Education services................... 115.3 116.6 116.7 .2 1.0 .1 1.5 1.3 1.2
Elementary and secondary schools... 115.5 116.7 116.8 .0 .9 .1 1.2 1.0 1.1
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 114.6 115.9 116.0 .5 1.0 .1 1.7 1.7 1.2
Health care and social assistance(6) 115.0 116.4 116.8 .3 .4 .3 1.7 1.6 1.6
Hospitals.......................... 115.9 117.4 117.8 .6 .4 .3 2.2 1.9 1.6
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 112.7 114.3 114.3 .0 .4 .0 1.2 1.4 1.4
Public administration.................. 116.8 118.1 118.2 .2 .4 .1 1.9 1.3 1.2
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational
group and industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 112.5 114.6 115.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.1 2.1 2.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2).. 113.1 115.1 115.5 .3 .2 .3 2.1 2.0 2.1
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 113.0 115.1 115.4 .3 .3 .3 2.1 2.1 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 113.1 115.3 115.6 .3 .2 .3 2.1 2.2 2.2
Management, business, and financial...... 112.3 114.8 115.0 .3 .3 .2 2.2 2.5 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 112.7 115.1 115.4 .3 .2 .3 2.2 2.4 2.4
Professional and related................. 113.5 115.4 115.7 .2 .3 .3 1.9 1.9 1.9
Sales and office........................... 111.6 113.8 114.2 .5 .4 .4 2.2 2.4 2.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 113.3 115.4 115.8 .3 .3 .3 1.7 2.1 2.2
Sales and related........................ 108.1 110.3 110.7 .7 .5 .4 2.2 2.7 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 111.8 113.9 114.2 .1 .3 .3 .7 2.0 2.1
Office and administrative support........ 114.0 116.2 116.5 .3 .3 .3 2.2 2.2 2.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 113.3 115.5 115.8 .2 .5 .3 1.9 2.1 2.2
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 114.4 116.0 116.5 .1 .4 .4 1.8 1.5 1.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 111.9 114.9 115.0 .3 .6 .1 1.9 3.0 2.8
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 111.5 113.8 114.2 .2 .3 .4 2.4 2.2 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 111.7 113.9 114.5 .2 .1 .5 2.4 2.2 2.5
Production............................... 110.8 113.4 113.8 .1 .2 .4 2.4 2.4 2.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 111.0 113.5 114.0 .2 .1 .4 2.4 2.4 2.7
Transportation and material moving....... 112.5 114.4 114.9 .3 .4 .4 2.6 2.0 2.1
Service occupations........................ 113.5 115.0 115.4 .2 .3 .3 1.5 1.5 1.7
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3).............. 111.1 113.4 113.8 .1 .2 .4 2.3 2.2 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 111.4 113.8 114.2 .1 .1 .4 2.3 2.2 2.5
Management, professional, and related.. 109.1 112.0 112.3 -.1 -.1 .3 2.5 2.6 2.9
Sales and office....................... 110.2 111.8 112.5 .5 .4 .6 2.2 1.9 2.1
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 113.7 115.6 115.9 .1 .3 .3 1.8 1.8 1.9
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 110.8 113.1 113.6 .2 .1 .4 2.6 2.3 2.5
Construction............................. 112.7 113.9 114.5 -.1 .3 .5 .9 1.0 1.6
Manufacturing............................ 110.0 112.8 113.1 .1 .1 .3 2.8 2.6 2.8
Management, professional, and related 108.8 112.0 112.2 .0 .0 .2 3.1 2.9 3.1
Sales and office..................... 110.8 113.3 113.7 .5 .1 .4 3.1 2.7 2.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 110.9 114.3 114.2 .0 .3 -.1 3.0 3.1 3.0
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 110.5 112.9 113.4 .2 .1 .4 2.6 2.4 2.6
Aircraft manufacturing................. 99.3 96.8 96.7 -.1 -5.7 -.1 7.5 -2.6 -2.6
Service-providing industries(4)............ 113.0 115.0 115.3 .4 .3 .3 2.0 2.1 2.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 113.6 115.6 116.0 .3 .3 .3 1.9 2.0 2.1
Management, professional, and related.. 113.7 115.7 116.0 .3 .3 .3 1.9 2.0 2.0
Sales and office....................... 111.8 114.0 114.3 .4 .4 .3 2.2 2.4 2.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 112.6 115.5 115.6 .4 1.0 .1 2.0 2.9 2.7
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 112.5 114.6 115.1 .2 .4 .4 2.4 2.0 2.3
Service occupations.................... 113.5 114.9 115.4 .2 .2 .4 1.4 1.4 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 111.4 113.8 114.1 .3 .5 .3 2.4 2.4 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 112.5 114.9 115.3 .2 .3 .3 2.0 2.3 2.5
Wholesale trade........................ 109.5 112.2 112.8 .7 .7 .5 2.3 3.2 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 111.7 115.2 115.5 .4 .6 .3 1.1 3.5 3.4
Retail trade........................... 112.0 114.0 114.4 .0 .4 .4 1.8 1.8 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 112.8 114.1 114.6 .1 .1 .4 1.8 1.2 1.6
Transportation and warehousing......... 111.3 113.6 113.6 .4 .4 .0 2.9 2.4 2.1
Utilities.............................. 117.5 121.5 121.6 -.3 .5 .1 4.9 3.1 3.5
Information.............................. 110.0 112.4 112.5 -.2 .1 .1 1.6 2.0 2.3
Financial activities..................... 111.4 114.3 114.2 .7 .4 -.1 2.6 3.3 2.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 112.3 115.2 115.5 .3 .3 .3 1.7 2.9 2.8
Finance and insurance.................. 111.8 114.7 114.5 .7 .3 -.2 2.8 3.3 2.4
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 111.4 114.3 114.1 1.2 .4 -.2 3.0 3.8 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 113.9 116.9 117.2 .3 .2 .3 2.3 2.9 2.9
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 112.2 114.9 115.2 .0 .1 .3 2.0 2.4 2.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 112.7 115.4 115.7 .0 .0 .3 1.7 2.4 2.7
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 109.4 112.5 112.9 .6 1.0 .4 1.6 3.4 3.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 112.3 115.2 115.7 .4 .8 .4 1.5 2.9 3.0
Professional and business services....... 114.6 116.7 117.1 .5 .1 .3 2.0 2.4 2.2
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 117.2 119.3 119.8 .7 .1 .4 2.4 2.5 2.2
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 111.9 113.3 113.9 .4 -.1 .5 1.1 1.6 1.8
Education and health services............ 114.7 116.0 116.5 .3 .4 .4 1.7 1.5 1.6
Education services..................... 115.0 116.8 117.3 .3 1.0 .4 1.6 1.8 2.0
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 115.0 116.5 116.9 .3 1.0 .3 1.7 1.6 1.7
Health care and social assistance(5)... 114.6 115.8 116.4 .4 .3 .5 1.6 1.4 1.6
Hospitals............................ 115.6 117.0 117.5 .5 .3 .4 2.1 1.7 1.6
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 112.1 113.6 113.7 .1 .3 .1 1.1 1.4 1.4
Nursing care facilities(2)......... 112.6 114.1 114.2 .0 .2 .1 1.3 1.3 1.4
Leisure and hospitality.................. 114.1 115.1 115.2 .2 .4 .1 1.2 1.1 1.0
Accommodation and food services........ 114.8 115.9 116.0 .2 .5 .1 1.1 1.1 1.0
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 113.2 115.0 115.6 -.1 .4 .5 1.5 1.5 2.1
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining
status and census region and division
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 114.8 117.4 117.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 3.3 2.4 2.7
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 113.9 116.3 116.9 .1 -.1 .5 3.5 2.2 2.6
Manufacturing........................ 110.5 113.2 113.8 .0 -.5 .5 4.4 2.4 3.0
Service-providing industries(3)........ 115.5 118.3 118.8 .3 .5 .4 3.2 2.7 2.9
Nonunion................................. 112.1 114.2 114.5 .3 .4 .3 1.8 2.1 2.1
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 110.2 112.5 112.9 .1 .3 .4 1.8 2.2 2.5
Manufacturing........................ 110.0 112.8 113.0 .1 .3 .2 2.3 2.6 2.7
Service-providing industries(3)........ 112.7 114.7 115.0 .4 .3 .3 1.9 2.1 2.0
Census region and division(4)
Northeast................................ 113.6 115.7 116.1 .4 .3 .3 2.3 2.3 2.2
New England............................ 114.1 116.2 116.3 .6 .2 .1 2.3 2.5 1.9
Middle Atlantic........................ 113.4 115.5 116.0 .4 .3 .4 2.3 2.2 2.3
South.................................... 112.8 114.7 115.0 .3 .3 .3 1.9 2.0 2.0
South Atlantic......................... 113.3 115.1 115.4 .3 .4 .3 1.6 1.9 1.9
East South Central..................... 110.9 113.0 113.2 -.1 .3 .2 1.5 1.8 2.1
West South Central..................... 112.7 114.7 115.0 .4 .3 .3 2.5 2.2 2.0
Midwest.................................. 111.3 113.6 113.9 .3 .3 .3 2.5 2.3 2.3
East North Central..................... 110.5 113.1 113.2 .2 .4 .1 2.5 2.5 2.4
West North Central..................... 113.2 115.0 115.6 .4 .2 .5 2.3 2.0 2.1
West..................................... 112.5 114.6 115.1 .2 .3 .4 1.7 2.0 2.3
Mountain............................... 112.8 114.8 115.3 -.2 .8 .4 1.6 1.6 2.2
Pacific................................ 112.4 114.6 115.1 .4 .1 .4 1.7 2.3 2.4
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New
York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,
and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 116.2 117.6 117.7 0.3 0.8 0.1 1.8 1.5 1.3
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 115.5 116.9 116.9 .2 .8 .0 1.5 1.4 1.2
Professional and related............... 115.5 116.8 116.9 .2 .8 .1 1.4 1.3 1.2
Sales and office......................... 116.6 118.4 118.4 .2 .9 .0 1.9 1.7 1.5
Office and administrative support...... 116.9 118.7 118.6 .1 .8 -.1 1.9 1.6 1.5
Service occupations...................... 118.0 119.2 119.5 .3 .5 .3 2.3 1.4 1.3
Industry
Education and health services............ 115.6 116.9 117.0 .2 .9 .1 1.5 1.3 1.2
Education services..................... 115.3 116.5 116.6 .2 .9 .1 1.4 1.2 1.1
Schools(2)........................... 115.3 116.5 116.5 .2 .9 .0 1.4 1.2 1.0
Elementary and secondary schools... 115.6 116.8 116.9 .0 .9 .1 1.3 1.0 1.1
Health care and social assistance(3)... 117.9 119.9 120.1 .6 .6 .2 2.2 2.3 1.9
Hospitals............................ 117.0 118.9 119.2 .8 .5 .3 2.4 2.4 1.9
Public administration.................... 116.8 118.1 118.2 .2 .4 .1 1.9 1.3 1.2
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
schools.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 113.0 114.4 114.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.6 1.6 1.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2) 113.4 114.8 115.1 .2 .3 .3 1.4 1.4 1.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 113.7 115.0 115.2 .3 .3 .2 1.8 1.4 1.3
Management, business, and financial.... 113.2 114.8 114.9 .4 .4 .1 2.1 1.8 1.5
Professional and related............... 113.9 115.2 115.4 .2 .4 .2 1.5 1.3 1.3
Sales and office......................... 111.7 113.3 113.7 .5 .5 .4 1.9 2.0 1.8
Sales and related...................... 108.6 110.3 110.8 .8 .5 .5 2.3 2.4 2.0
Office and administrative support...... 113.6 115.3 115.5 .3 .5 .2 1.5 1.8 1.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 113.4 115.2 115.4 .2 .6 .2 1.2 1.8 1.8
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 113.9 115.3 115.6 .1 .4 .3 1.1 1.3 1.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 112.8 115.2 115.2 .3 1.0 .0 1.2 2.4 2.1
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 111.5 112.7 113.1 .2 .4 .4 1.5 1.3 1.4
Production............................. 110.6 112.1 112.4 .0 .4 .3 1.2 1.4 1.6
Transportation and material moving..... 112.5 113.4 113.8 .4 .3 .4 1.9 1.2 1.2
Service occupations...................... 113.9 115.0 115.4 .2 .3 .3 1.2 1.1 1.3
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 111.6 113.2 113.5 .1 .4 .3 1.4 1.5 1.7
Manufacturing.......................... 110.7 112.5 112.7 .1 .4 .2 1.7 1.7 1.8
Service-providing industries(4).......... 113.2 114.6 114.9 .3 .4 .3 1.6 1.5 1.5
Education and health services.......... 114.0 115.0 115.3 .3 .5 .3 1.3 1.1 1.1
Education services................... 113.4 114.4 114.6 .2 .7 .2 1.2 1.1 1.1
Elementary and secondary schools... 113.4 114.2 114.4 .0 .5 .2 1.2 .7 .9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 113.0 114.1 114.2 .4 .8 .1 1.2 1.4 1.1
Health care and social assistance(5) 114.7 115.8 116.2 .3 .3 .3 1.4 1.3 1.3
Hospitals.......................... 115.4 116.7 117.2 .4 .4 .4 1.6 1.6 1.6
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 112.6 113.7 113.8 .0 .2 .1 .9 1.0 1.1
Public administration.................. 114.0 114.8 115.0 .2 .3 .2 1.1 .9 .9
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and
industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 112.8 114.3 114.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.6
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1).. 113.4 114.8 115.2 .3 .3 .3 1.6 1.5 1.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 113.7 115.3 115.5 .3 .3 .2 2.0 1.7 1.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 113.9 115.5 115.8 .3 .3 .3 2.0 1.7 1.7
Management, business, and financial...... 113.2 114.9 115.0 .4 .4 .1 2.2 1.9 1.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 113.7 115.2 115.4 .3 .3 .2 2.2 1.6 1.5
Professional and related................. 114.1 115.6 115.9 .2 .3 .3 1.8 1.5 1.6
Sales and office........................... 111.5 113.2 113.6 .5 .4 .4 1.9 2.1 1.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 113.3 114.9 115.3 .3 .4 .3 1.3 1.7 1.8
Sales and related........................ 108.7 110.4 110.9 .8 .5 .5 2.4 2.4 2.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 112.7 114.1 114.5 .2 .4 .4 .5 1.4 1.6
Office and administrative support........ 113.6 115.4 115.7 .3 .5 .3 1.6 1.9 1.8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 113.3 115.2 115.4 .2 .7 .2 1.2 1.9 1.9
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 114.0 115.4 115.7 .1 .4 .3 1.2 1.3 1.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 112.5 115.0 115.0 .4 1.0 .0 1.2 2.6 2.2
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 111.3 112.5 112.8 .2 .4 .3 1.6 1.3 1.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 111.5 112.7 113.1 .2 .4 .4 1.5 1.3 1.4
Production............................... 110.5 112.0 112.3 .0 .4 .3 1.1 1.4 1.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 110.8 112.0 112.4 .1 .4 .4 1.3 1.2 1.4
Transportation and material moving....... 112.2 113.2 113.6 .4 .4 .4 1.9 1.3 1.2
Service occupations........................ 113.5 114.6 115.1 .2 .4 .4 1.1 1.1 1.4
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(2).............. 111.6 113.2 113.5 .1 .4 .3 1.5 1.5 1.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 112.1 113.7 114.0 .2 .4 .3 1.4 1.6 1.7
Management, professional, and related.. 111.4 113.5 113.7 -.2 .3 .2 1.8 1.7 2.1
Sales and office....................... 110.5 111.5 112.3 .5 .5 .7 1.7 1.5 1.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 113.5 115.0 115.3 .0 .3 .3 1.1 1.3 1.6
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 110.5 111.9 112.2 .1 .4 .3 1.3 1.4 1.5
Construction............................. 112.7 113.6 114.1 -.1 .4 .4 .7 .7 1.2
Manufacturing............................ 110.7 112.5 112.7 .1 .4 .2 1.7 1.7 1.8
Management, professional, and related 111.2 113.3 113.4 .0 .4 .1 2.3 1.9 2.0
Sales and office..................... 111.1 113.1 113.5 .6 .3 .4 2.3 2.4 2.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 111.4 113.8 113.5 .0 .8 -.3 1.4 2.2 1.9
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 110.2 111.7 112.0 .1 .4 .3 1.2 1.5 1.6
Aircraft manufacturing................. 114.4 117.4 117.3 -.1 .5 -.1 2.6 2.5 2.5
Service-providing industries(3)............ 113.1 114.6 114.9 .4 .4 .3 1.8 1.7 1.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 113.8 115.2 115.5 .4 .3 .3 1.7 1.6 1.5
Management, professional, and related.. 114.1 115.6 115.8 .4 .3 .2 2.0 1.7 1.5
Sales and office....................... 111.6 113.4 113.8 .5 .4 .4 1.9 2.2 2.0
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 113.0 115.5 115.5 .4 1.1 .0 1.3 2.6 2.2
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 112.2 113.2 113.6 .3 .4 .4 1.8 1.2 1.2
Service occupations.................... 113.5 114.6 115.1 .2 .4 .4 1.1 1.1 1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 111.0 112.5 112.9 .4 .7 .4 1.9 1.7 1.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 112.2 113.7 114.1 .2 .4 .4 1.3 1.5 1.7
Wholesale trade........................ 108.5 109.5 110.2 .7 .9 .6 2.0 1.7 1.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 111.0 112.5 112.8 .3 .6 .3 .3 1.6 1.6
Retail trade........................... 112.0 114.0 114.4 .0 .8 .4 1.4 1.8 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 112.8 114.1 114.5 .1 .4 .4 1.4 1.2 1.5
Transportation and warehousing......... 111.0 112.2 112.1 .4 .4 -.1 2.5 1.4 1.0
Utilities.............................. 115.6 118.5 118.8 .2 .3 .3 2.0 2.7 2.8
Information.............................. 110.5 112.5 112.6 -.3 .2 .1 1.3 1.5 1.9
Financial activities..................... 112.0 114.0 113.8 .8 .5 -.2 2.8 2.6 1.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 113.1 114.9 115.2 .3 .3 .3 1.9 1.9 1.9
Finance and insurance.................. 113.0 114.8 114.5 .9 .4 -.3 3.3 2.5 1.3
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 110.4 112.3 112.0 1.5 .4 -.3 2.4 3.2 1.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 113.4 115.1 115.2 .2 .3 .1 1.5 1.7 1.6
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 112.4 114.3 114.8 .1 .3 .4 2.0 1.8 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 112.8 114.6 114.9 .1 .2 .3 1.6 1.7 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 108.1 110.8 111.1 .6 1.1 .3 1.2 3.1 2.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 111.2 113.8 114.1 .2 1.0 .3 .9 2.5 2.6
Professional and business services....... 115.0 116.7 117.0 .6 .1 .3 2.0 2.1 1.7
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 117.2 119.4 119.6 .7 .2 .2 2.4 2.6 2.0
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 112.2 113.2 113.7 .4 .0 .4 .7 1.3 1.3
Education and health services............ 114.5 115.6 116.1 .4 .4 .4 1.5 1.3 1.4
Education services..................... 114.5 116.2 116.8 .3 1.1 .5 1.7 1.8 2.0
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 114.2 115.7 116.1 .3 1.1 .3 1.6 1.6 1.7
Health care and social assistance(4)... 114.4 115.5 116.0 .3 .3 .4 1.4 1.2 1.4
Hospitals............................ 115.2 116.6 117.1 .4 .5 .4 1.6 1.7 1.6
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 112.5 113.6 113.6 .1 .3 .0 .9 1.1 1.0
Nursing care facilities(1)......... 112.7 113.9 113.9 .0 .2 .0 1.1 1.1 1.1
Leisure and hospitality.................. 115.0 115.8 115.8 .2 .6 .0 1.1 .9 .7
Accommodation and food services........ 115.3 116.4 116.5 .2 .7 .1 .9 1.1 1.0
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 113.2 114.8 115.2 -.2 .6 .3 1.0 1.2 1.8
1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status
and census region and division
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 112.9 114.6 114.9 0.2 0.5 0.3 1.8 1.7 1.8
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 111.2 112.8 112.9 .1 .6 .1 1.3 1.5 1.5
Manufacturing........................ 108.7 110.6 110.7 .1 .7 .1 1.3 1.8 1.8
Service-providing industries(2)........ 114.2 115.8 116.3 .4 .4 .4 2.3 1.8 1.8
Nonunion................................. 112.7 114.3 114.6 .3 .4 .3 1.6 1.7 1.7
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 111.7 113.3 113.7 .1 .4 .4 1.5 1.5 1.8
Manufacturing........................ 111.2 113.0 113.3 .1 .4 .3 1.7 1.7 1.9
Service-providing industries(2)........ 113.0 114.5 114.8 .4 .4 .3 1.8 1.7 1.6
Census region and division(3)
Northeast................................ 113.4 114.9 115.3 .4 .3 .3 2.1 1.8 1.7
New England............................ 114.3 116.0 116.0 .7 .1 .0 2.0 2.2 1.5
Middle Atlantic........................ 113.1 114.5 115.0 .4 .4 .4 2.2 1.6 1.7
South.................................... 113.4 115.0 115.2 .4 .5 .2 1.7 1.9 1.6
South Atlantic......................... 113.7 115.4 115.6 .4 .7 .2 1.3 1.9 1.7
East South Central..................... 111.5 113.4 113.5 -.1 .4 .1 1.2 1.6 1.8
West South Central..................... 113.5 115.0 115.2 .6 .4 .2 2.3 2.0 1.5
Midwest.................................. 111.2 112.7 112.9 .3 .4 .2 1.8 1.6 1.5
East North Central..................... 110.3 111.8 111.9 .2 .4 .1 1.8 1.5 1.5
West North Central..................... 113.5 114.9 115.4 .4 .3 .4 1.9 1.6 1.7
West..................................... 113.0 114.5 114.9 .1 .4 .3 1.3 1.4 1.7
Mountain............................... 113.7 115.0 115.2 -.4 .8 .2 1.6 .8 1.3
Pacific................................ 112.8 114.4 114.9 .4 .3 .4 1.2 1.8 1.9
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New
York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,
and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 113.8 114.7 114.9 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.0 1.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 113.5 114.4 114.5 .2 .5 .1 1.2 1.0 .9
Professional and related............... 113.6 114.5 114.6 .3 .6 .1 1.2 1.1 .9
Sales and office......................... 113.2 114.2 114.2 .1 .4 .0 1.0 1.0 .9
Office and administrative support...... 113.6 114.7 114.6 .1 .5 -.1 1.0 1.1 .9
Service occupations...................... 115.1 115.9 116.3 .2 .3 .3 1.4 .9 1.0
Industry
Education and health services............ 113.6 114.4 114.6 .2 .5 .2 1.2 .9 .9
Education services..................... 113.2 114.0 114.1 .2 .5 .1 1.2 .9 .8
Schools(1)........................... 113.2 114.0 114.1 .2 .5 .1 1.2 .9 .8
Elementary and secondary schools... 113.5 114.2 114.3 .1 .5 .1 1.2 .7 .7
Health care and social assistance(2)... 116.8 117.9 118.1 .5 .4 .2 1.4 1.5 1.1
Hospitals............................ 116.3 117.3 117.5 .5 .3 .2 1.4 1.4 1.0
Public administration.................... 114.0 114.8 115.0 .2 .3 .2 1.1 .9 .9
1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
schools.
2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group, industry, and
bargaining status 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 113.9 117.2 117.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.9 3.2 3.2
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 111.9 115.4 115.9 .2 .0 .4 2.9 3.3 3.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 111.2 114.7 115.2 .2 -.1 .4 2.2 3.3 3.6
Sales and office......................... 111.8 115.2 115.5 .2 .2 .3 2.9 3.2 3.3
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 113.2 116.2 116.8 .2 .3 .5 3.4 2.8 3.2
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 112.0 116.3 117.0 .2 -.2 .6 4.3 4.0 4.5
Service occupations...................... 113.5 115.9 116.4 .3 -.2 .4 2.7 2.4 2.6
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 110.1 113.9 114.4 .1 -.2 .4 4.1 3.5 3.9
Manufacturing.......................... 108.8 113.4 113.9 .1 -.5 .4 5.0 4.3 4.7
Aircraft manufacturing............... 83.2 74.7 74.6 .0 -14.7 -.1 15.6 -10.2 -10.3
Service-providing industries(3).......... 112.6 116.0 116.4 .3 .1 .3 2.5 3.3 3.4
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 117.9 122.0 122.8 .3 -.2 .7 5.8 3.7 4.2
Nonunion................................. 110.6 114.0 114.4 .2 .1 .4 2.2 3.3 3.4
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 121.1 123.7 123.6 .3 1.3 -.1 2.9 2.5 2.1
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; education services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,(1) and wages and salaries,
for private industry workers, by area
Percent changes for 12-months ended–
Census region and metropolitan area Total compensation Wages and salaries
Dec. Sep. Dec. Dec. Sep. Dec.
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA... 2.4 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.0
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA
CSA..................................... 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.6
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD
CSA..................................... 2.4 2.8 2.8 1.4 2.2 2.3
South
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL
CSA..................................... 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.8
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA................ 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.5 1.6 1.4
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA....... 3.1 2.1 1.4 3.4 2.4 1.1
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
MSA..................................... 1.1 1.7 1.8 .1 1.7 1.7
Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,
DC-MD-VA-WV CSA......................... 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.1
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI CSA............................ 3.4 2.4 1.8 2.8 1.5 .9
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA............. 4.2 4.9 4.5 2.8 1.5 .7
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.2 2.5 2.0
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA 1.0 1.9 1.6 .5 1.3 1.3
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA.......... 2.3 2.9 2.8 1.6 1.9 2.0
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA... 1.3 2.5 2.7 .9 1.8 1.9
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA........... 3.2 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.5
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
United States Department of Labor
