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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                 USDL-23-0147
8:30 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, January 31, 2023

Technical information: (202) 691-6199  *  ncsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/eci
Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  pressoffice@bls.gov

				EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – DECEMBER 2022

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.0 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 
period ending in December 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries 
increased 1.0 percent and benefit costs increased 0.8 percent from September 2022. (See tables A, 1, 
2, and 3.)

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 5.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
December 2022 and increased 4.0 percent in December 2021. Wages and salaries increased 5.1 percent 
for the 12-month period ending in December 2022 and increased 4.5 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2021. Benefit costs increased 4.9 percent over the year and increased 2.8 percent 
for the 12-month period ending in December 2021. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 5.1 percent over the year. In December 2021, 
the increase was 4.4 percent. Wages and salaries increased 5.1 percent for the 12-month period ending 
in December 2022 and increased 5.0 percent in December 2021. The cost of benefits increased 4.8 
percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2022 and increased 2.9 percent in December 2021. 
Inflation-adjusted (constant dollar) private wages and salaries declined 1.2 percent for the 12 months 
ending December 2022. Inflation-adjusted benefit costs in the private sector declined 1.5 percent over 
that same period. (See tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Among private industry occupational groups, compensation cost increases for the 12-month period ending 
in December 2022 ranged from 4.2 percent for natural resources, construction, and maintenance 
occupations to 6.9 percent for service occupations. Within industry supersectors, compensation 
cost increases ranged from 4.3 percent for construction to 6.4 percent for leisure and 
hospitality. (See table 5.)

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 4.8 percent for the 12-month period 
ending in December 2022, compared with an increase of 2.6 percent in December 2021. Wages and salaries 
increased 4.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2022 and 2.7 percent a year ago. 
Benefit costs increased 5.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in December 2022. The prior year 
increase was 2.5 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Updated Employment Weights

Beginning with the December 2022 news release, the Employment Cost Index is introducing new 
employment weights based on the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-soc-update.htm.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index [Percent change]
Category 3-month,
seasonally adjusted		 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, current dollar 12-month, not seasonally adjusted, constant dollar
Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Civilian workers(1)

Compensation(2)

 1.2 1.0 4.0 5.0 5.1 -2.9 -2.9 -1.3

Wages and salaries

 1.3 1.0 4.5 5.1 5.1 -2.3 -3.0 -1.2

Benefits

 1.0 0.8 2.8 4.9 4.9 -3.9 -3.0 -1.4

Private industry

Compensation(2)

 1.1 1.0 4.4 5.2 5.1 -2.5 -2.8 -1.2

Wages and salaries

 1.2 1.0 5.0 5.2 5.1 -1.9 -2.7 -1.2

Benefits

 0.8 0.7 2.9 5.0 4.8 -3.8 -3.0 -1.5

Health benefits

 - - 0.4 4.9 4.7 - - -

State and local government

Compensation(2)

 1.9 1.0 2.6 4.6 4.8 -4.2 -3.3 -1.5

Wages and salaries

 2.1 1.0 2.7 4.4 4.7 -4.1 -3.5 -1.5

Benefits

 1.6 1.0 2.5 5.0 5.0 -4.3 -3.0 -1.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.

Note: All estimates in the table can be found in the public database at www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Dashes indicate data not available.

 


					   TECHNICAL NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence 
of employment shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, 
coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures 
Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Sample size
Data for this reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 28,100 
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 7,000 private industry establishments and 
approximately 7,600 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local 
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview. Beginning December 2021, an 
additional (fourth) private industry sample is used in estimation to mitigate the impact of 
decreasing response rates.

Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of ECI series, standard errors of all current 
quarter not seasonally adjusted 3- and 12-month percent change series are also available, see 
www.bls.gov/eci/factsheets/eci-standard-errors.htm and the database query tool at 
www.bls.gov/eci/data.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate 
to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. 

Historical listings
Historical ECI data are available in xlsx format at www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. The continuous 
occupational and industry series listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual 
and Occupational Classification System (OCS) series from 1975 through 2005 and the North American 
Industry Classification System (NAICS) and Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) from 2006 to
the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change in classification 
systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published as part of the Employer Costs 
for Employee Compensation (ECEC) news release. The ECEC release dates are available at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/ecec.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in xlsx format at 
www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather 
than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually
differ from those in the ECI.

Fixed employment weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm. Beginning with the December 2022 release, the ECI is introducing new
employment weights, see www.bls.gov/eci/notices/2022/eci-2021-fixed-weights-and-2018-socupdate.htm.

Additional information
Historical tables are available in xlsx format for constant dollar, current dollar, and continuous
series, see www.bls.gov/eci/tables.htm. ECI release dates are available
on the release calendar at www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/eci.htm. Subscribe to receive the BLS 
Economic News Release email at public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. If you are 
deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications 
relay services.

Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2020		 Mar.
2021		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(2)

 154.0 155.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 149.4 150.7 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9

Manufacturing

 149.2 150.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Service-providing industries(4)

 155.0 156.6 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.0

Education and health services

 152.3 154.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.2

Educational services

 151.3 152.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 151.8 153.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 149.9 151.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.0

Health care and social assistance

 153.3 155.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3

Hospitals

 153.8 155.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 154.0 155.8 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.2

Public administration

 157.4 158.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.8 0.9

Private industry workers

All workers

 153.9 155.4 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 149.5 151.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0

Management, business, and financial

 150.7 152.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.9

Professional and related

 148.6 150.2 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1

Sales and office

 157.3 159.1 1.1 1.8 0.3 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.0 1.1

Sales and related

 155.1 157.0 1.4 3.3 -0.4 1.4 1.0 2.0 2.5 0.9 1.2

Office and administrative support

 158.0 159.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 151.7 152.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 151.3 152.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 152.0 153.3 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 156.9 158.2 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.8

Production

 153.6 155.0 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.9

Transportation and material moving

 162.0 163.3 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8

Service occupations

 164.8 166.6 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.1

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 149.3 150.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9

Construction

 150.0 151.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.9 1.0

Manufacturing

 149.2 150.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.3 0.8 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 130.7 131.6 0.4 0.8 0.5 7.0 0.4 2.2 0.6 -5.6 0.7

Service-providing industries(5)

 155.2 156.7 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 158.8 160.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.8

Wholesale trade

 151.9 153.5 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.8 0.4 1.1

Retail trade

 163.6 164.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.3 0.6

Transportation and warehousing

 158.2 159.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

Utilities

 163.3 164.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.9

Information

 150.7 152.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3

Financial activities

 152.9 154.7 0.8 3.2 -1.6 2.1 -0.5 1.0 2.4 0.7 1.2

Finance and insurance

 153.4 155.3 0.8 3.8 -2.0 2.3 -0.9 0.9 2.5 0.7 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities

 153.0 155.4 0.9 -0.1 2.1 5.3 -1.4 -0.8 3.1 -0.3 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities

 154.3 155.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.0 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 150.9 151.8 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.1 0.7 0.6

Professional and business services

 154.0 155.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.8

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 155.3 156.3 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.9 1.0 0.6

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 154.2 155.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.8

Education and health services

 152.0 154.0 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3

Educational services

 149.3 151.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.5 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 149.4 150.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.3 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8

Health care and social assistance

 152.6 154.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3

Hospitals

 153.5 155.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.2

Nursing and residential care facilities

 152.7 154.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.2

Leisure and hospitality

 165.3 166.8 0.5 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 0.9

Accommodation and food services

 168.9 170.3 0.8 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 0.8

Other services, except public administration

 155.7 156.6 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.6

State and local government workers

All workers

 154.5 156.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.0

Industry

Education and health services

 152.6 154.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.0 1.0

Educational services

 151.8 153.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.1

Schools

 151.7 153.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.6 1.9 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 152.3 153.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.6 2.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance

 158.5 160.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.2

Hospitals

 155.0 156.8 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.2

Public administration

 157.4 158.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.8 0.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2020		 Mar.
2021		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 153.6 155.2 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 152.3 153.8 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0

Manufacturing

 152.5 154.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.0

Service-providing industries(3)

 153.9 155.6 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1

Education and health services

 148.0 149.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.3

Educational services

 142.3 143.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.9 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 140.9 142.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 2.0 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 143.8 145.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.8 0.9

Health care and social assistance

 154.0 156.1 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4

Hospitals

 153.8 155.8 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.3

Nursing and residential care facilities

 156.5 158.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.4

Private industry workers

All workers

 155.9 157.5 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 150.7 152.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.0

Professional and related

 150.0 151.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Management, business, and financial

 151.6 153.0 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.9

Sales and office

 159.3 161.3 1.1 2.3 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 2.2 1.1 1.3

Office and administrative support

 158.7 160.8 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 152.5 153.9 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 152.4 153.8 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 152.8 154.2 0.6 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

 160.5 162.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.0

Production

 156.7 158.5 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.1

Transportation and material moving

 165.8 167.2 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.9

Service occupations

 168.9 170.9 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.2

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 152.4 153.9 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0

Construction

 151.8 153.7 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 1.0 1.2

Manufacturing

 152.5 154.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.0

Aircraft manufacturing

 155.4 156.8 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.5 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.9

Service-providing industries(4)

 156.8 158.4 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 159.8 161.3 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.7 0.8 0.9

Wholesale trade

 149.5 151.2 0.4 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.7 1.6 2.1 0.1 1.2

Retail trade

 166.4 167.7 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.5 1.5 1.8 1.3 0.8

Transportation and warehousing

 160.8 162.4 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0

Utilities

 157.8 159.2 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.9

Information

 149.3 151.7 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.6 1.2 1.6

Financial activities

 154.1 156.2 1.0 4.5 -2.1 2.9 -1.3 0.5 2.4 0.7 1.4

Finance and insurance

 154.9 157.2 1.2 5.3 -2.7 3.2 -1.8 0.1 2.5 0.6 1.5

Credit intermediation and related activities

 152.6 155.5 1.2 -0.2 3.2 7.6 -2.3 -2.3 3.3 -0.7 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities

 152.9 154.3 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.0 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 151.2 152.3 0.2 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.2 2.2 0.7 0.7

Professional and business services

 155.7 157.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.1 0.8

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 156.7 157.6 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.0 2.0 1.1 0.6

Education and health services

 153.1 155.2 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4

Educational services

 148.2 150.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.4 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 146.7 147.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.7

Health care and social assistance

 154.2 156.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4

Hospitals

 154.5 156.6 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 157.4 159.6 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.4

Leisure and hospitality

 171.1 172.7 0.6 1.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.9

Accommodation and food services

 174.7 176.2 0.8 1.8 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 0.9

Other services, except public administration

 157.7 158.7 0.6 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.7

State and local government workers

All workers

 144.0 145.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 2.1 1.0

Industry

Education and health services

 142.2 143.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 2.1 1.1

Educational services

 141.1 142.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.1 1.0

Schools

 141.0 142.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools

 140.5 142.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.1

Health care and social assistance

 151.7 153.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.4 2.2 1.3

Hospitals

 150.4 152.1 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.3 2.0 1.2

Public administration

 147.2 148.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.1 2.1 0.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry [Seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for 3-months ended-
Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2020		 Mar.
2021		 Jun.
2021		 Sep.
2021		 Dec.
2021		 Mar.
2022		 Jun.
2022		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 154.9 156.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.8

Private industry workers

All workers

 149.2 150.3 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 146.9 148.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.9

Sales and office

 152.2 153.5 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9 1.0 2.3 1.6 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 149.9 150.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving

 149.8 150.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.6 2.1 0.9 0.5 0.5

Service occupations

 151.4 152.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.9 2.2 1.6 1.2 0.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 143.2 144.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.5 2.1 0.8 0.3 0.6

Manufacturing

 142.8 143.6 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.1 0.6

Service-providing industries(3)

 151.3 152.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.8

State and local government workers

All workers(1)

 175.0 176.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

All workers(2)

 147.9 154.1 155.4 0.8 1.3 0.8 4.0 5.0 5.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)

 147.8 153.9 155.2 1.0 1.4 0.8 3.9 5.2 5.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 145.0 150.3 151.5 0.6 1.3 0.8 3.2 4.2 4.5

Management, business, and financial

 146.0 151.1 152.1 0.3 0.7 0.7 3.3 3.8 4.2

Professional and related

 144.5 149.8 151.2 0.8 1.6 0.9 3.1 4.5 4.6

Sales and office

 150.1 157.5 159.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 4.5 5.9 6.0

Sales and related

 147.2 155.2 157.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 5.4 6.4 6.7

Office and administrative support

 151.6 158.5 160.0 0.9 1.3 0.9 3.8 5.5 5.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.0 152.2 153.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 3.7 4.5 4.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 146.9 151.8 152.9 0.8 1.0 0.7 3.7 4.2 4.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 147.1 152.6 153.7 0.9 1.1 0.7 3.7 4.7 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 151.1 157.3 158.5 1.2 1.2 0.8 4.8 5.4 4.9

Production

 147.5 153.6 154.9 1.2 1.2 0.8 5.0 5.3 5.0

Transportation and material moving

 156.2 162.6 163.8 1.4 1.3 0.7 4.8 5.5 4.9

Service occupations

 155.6 164.0 165.8 1.6 1.9 1.1 6.1 7.0 6.6

Industry

Goods-producing industries(4)

 144.0 149.4 150.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.6 4.5 4.6

Manufacturing

 143.5 149.1 150.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 3.6 4.6 4.7

Service-providing industries(5)

 148.7 154.9 156.3 1.0 1.4 0.9 4.1 5.2 5.1

Education and health services

 146.5 152.4 154.1 1.0 2.0 1.1 3.4 5.0 5.2

Educational services

 145.9 151.4 152.8 0.5 2.5 0.9 2.5 4.3 4.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 146.3 151.9 153.2 0.4 2.8 0.9 2.3 4.3 4.7

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 144.8 150.1 151.5 0.6 2.3 0.9 2.6 4.3 4.6

Health care and social assistance

 147.3 153.4 155.4 1.6 1.5 1.3 4.5 5.8 5.5

Hospitals

 147.7 153.7 155.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 4.3 5.7 5.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 146.4 154.0 155.8 1.8 2.0 1.2 5.7 7.1 6.4

Public administration

 150.6 157.4 158.6 0.7 2.2 0.8 2.6 5.2 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(3) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(4) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(5) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

All workers

 147.8 154.0 155.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 4.4 5.2 5.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 147.6 153.7 155.0 1.2 1.1 0.8 4.2 5.3 5.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 144.4 149.6 150.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 3.5 4.3 4.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 143.4 148.7 149.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 3.3 4.6 4.5

Management, business, and financial

 145.8 150.9 151.8 0.3 0.5 0.6 3.4 3.9 4.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 144.0 149.5 150.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.9 4.6 4.4

Professional and related

 143.4 148.7 150.1 0.8 1.1 0.9 3.6 4.6 4.7

Sales and office

 149.9 157.4 159.1 0.9 1.0 1.1 4.7 6.0 6.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 151.6 158.8 160.3 1.4 1.2 0.9 4.6 6.2 5.7

Sales and related

 147.1 155.1 156.9 1.0 0.8 1.2 5.4 6.5 6.7

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 151.5 159.2 160.6 2.2 1.4 0.9 5.3 7.4 6.0

Office and administrative support

 151.2 158.1 159.6 1.0 1.2 0.9 3.9 5.6 5.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 146.7 151.8 152.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.8 4.3 4.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 146.6 151.4 152.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.8 4.1 4.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 146.8 152.2 153.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 3.8 4.7 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 150.9 157.0 158.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 4.9 5.4 4.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 150.6 156.6 157.9 1.3 1.1 0.8 4.9 5.4 4.8

Production

 147.3 153.5 154.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 5.0 5.4 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 147.9 154.0 155.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 5.0 5.4 5.0

Transportation and material moving

 156.0 162.2 163.4 1.4 1.2 0.7 5.0 5.4 4.7

Service occupations

 155.9 164.9 166.6 1.8 1.7 1.0 7.1 7.7 6.9

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(3)

 144.0 149.4 150.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 3.7 4.6 4.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 144.0 149.3 150.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.7 4.5 4.4

Management, professional, and related

 139.3 143.4 144.3 0.6 0.1 0.6 2.7 3.5 3.6

Sales and office

 148.3 155.4 158.0 1.2 1.0 1.7 3.4 6.0 6.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 146.0 150.8 151.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.8 4.1 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving

 145.6 152.0 153.2 1.0 1.2 0.8 4.6 5.5 5.2

Construction

 145.2 150.2 151.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 3.5 4.4 4.3

Manufacturing

 143.5 149.1 150.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 3.6 4.6 4.7

Management, professional, and related

 140.5 144.7 145.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 2.6 3.5 3.6

Sales and office occupations

 145.7 153.2 155.0 0.5 1.4 1.2 3.6 5.7 6.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 144.2 148.5 150.1 0.6 0.7 1.1 3.4 3.6 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

 145.2 151.7 153.0 1.0 1.2 0.9 4.5 5.5 5.4

Aircraft manufacturing

 136.9 130.8 131.3 0.1 -7.8 0.4 11.2 -4.4 -4.1

Service-providing industries(4)

 148.9 155.3 156.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 4.6 5.4 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 148.7 155.0 156.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 4.4 5.5 5.2

Management, professional, and related

 145.4 150.7 151.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 3.7 4.4 4.5

Sales and office

 150.1 157.6 159.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 4.8 6.0 6.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.8 153.3 154.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 3.8 4.7 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 156.7 162.6 163.8 1.5 1.2 0.7 5.2 5.3 4.5

Service occupations

 155.9 164.9 166.6 1.8 1.7 1.0 7.1 7.7 6.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 152.6 158.8 160.1 1.7 0.8 0.8 5.2 5.8 4.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 152.6 158.8 160.1 1.6 1.0 0.8 4.5 5.7 4.9

Wholesale trade

 145.6 152.2 153.2 1.2 0.5 0.7 5.4 5.8 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 148.2 154.7 155.9 1.4 1.2 0.8 4.3 5.9 5.2

Retail trade

 156.0 163.2 164.7 2.4 0.9 0.9 6.3 7.2 5.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 153.9 161.6 162.8 2.1 1.2 0.7 5.6 7.2 5.8

Transportation and warehousing

 154.7 158.4 159.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 3.4 3.5 3.3

Utilities

 158.5 163.1 164.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 2.9 3.4 3.6

Information

 144.7 150.6 152.3 0.6 0.9 1.1 3.4 4.7 5.3

Financial activities

 146.0 152.9 153.8 -1.1 0.3 0.6 3.3 3.6 5.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 146.0 153.2 154.0 0.8 0.7 0.5 3.2 5.8 5.5

Finance and insurance

 146.5 153.3 154.3 -1.5 0.1 0.7 3.2 3.0 5.3

Credit intermediation and related activities

 148.8 153.7 154.1 -2.6 -0.4 0.3 5.9 0.6 3.6

Excluding incentive paid

 148.4 157.0 157.6 0.6 1.2 0.4 2.9 6.4 6.2

Insurance carriers and related activities

 147.1 154.4 155.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 2.9 5.5 5.4

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 145.8 152.1 152.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.7 5.0 4.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

 143.9 151.1 151.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 3.7 6.3 5.6

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 148.1 155.1 156.0 1.1 0.7 0.6 3.8 5.9 5.3

Professional and business services

 147.9 154.1 155.2 0.8 1.1 0.7 3.9 5.0 4.9

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 149.2 155.5 156.1 0.5 1.3 0.4 3.6 4.8 4.6

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 147.5 154.1 155.5 1.3 0.9 0.9 5.1 5.8 5.4

Education and health services

 146.1 152.2 154.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 4.2 5.5 5.5

Educational services

 144.0 149.9 151.4 0.3 1.7 1.0 2.6 4.4 5.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 144.9 149.8 150.8 0.6 1.8 0.7 2.9 4.0 4.1

Health care and social assistance

 146.6 152.7 154.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 4.6 5.8 5.5

Hospitals

 147.4 153.4 155.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 4.5 5.8 5.4

Nursing and residential care facilities

 145.0 152.7 154.5 1.8 1.9 1.2 6.0 7.2 6.6

Nursing care facilities(2)

 144.1 152.1 154.2 1.6 1.9 1.4 5.9 7.3 7.0

Leisure and hospitality

 156.3 165.2 166.3 1.4 1.7 0.7 8.0 7.2 6.4

Accommodation and food service

 159.6 168.8 169.8 1.6 1.6 0.6 8.4 7.4 6.4

Other services, except public administration

 150.1 155.8 156.3 1.1 1.1 0.3 5.5 5.0 4.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Bargaining status

Union

 151.2 155.0 156.6 0.7 0.6 1.0 3.3 3.3 3.6

Goods-producing industries(2)

 146.2 149.0 150.0 0.6 0.1 0.7 3.8 2.5 2.6

Manufacturing

 140.7 142.8 144.0 0.9 -0.5 0.8 4.5 2.4 2.3

Service-providing industries(3)

 155.0 159.4 161.3 0.8 0.9 1.2 3.2 3.6 4.1

Nonunion

 147.2 153.7 155.0 1.0 1.1 0.8 4.5 5.4 5.3

Goods-producing industries(2)

 143.3 149.2 150.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 3.6 5.0 5.0

Manufacturing

 144.4 150.7 151.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 3.5 5.1 5.1

Service-providing industries(3)

 148.2 154.8 156.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 4.7 5.4 5.3

Census region and division(4)

Northeast

 149.6 155.5 157.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 3.9 4.8 4.9

New England

 153.4 160.3 162.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 4.4 5.3 5.7

Middle Atlantic

 148.3 153.8 155.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 3.8 4.6 4.7

South

 145.6 151.8 152.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 4.5 5.0 5.0

South Atlantic

 147.5 154.5 155.8 0.8 1.5 0.8 4.0 5.6 5.6

East South Central

 145.6 151.0 152.3 1.5 0.8 0.9 6.0 5.2 4.6

West South Central

 142.5 147.6 148.2 0.3 -0.1 0.4 4.9 3.9 4.0

Midwest

 145.5 151.8 152.8 1.4 1.3 0.7 4.6 5.8 5.0

East North Central

 143.8 150.1 151.4 1.3 1.4 0.9 4.5 5.8 5.3

West North Central

 149.6 155.9 156.2 1.6 0.9 0.2 4.7 5.8 4.4

West

 151.4 157.8 159.5 0.9 0.9 1.1 4.3 5.1 5.4

Mountain

 149.3 155.4 157.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 5.1 5.4 5.2

Pacific

 152.4 158.9 160.6 0.7 1.0 1.1 4.1 5.0 5.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(4) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

All workers

 148.6 154.4 155.8 0.7 2.5 0.9 2.6 4.6 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 146.6 152.0 153.3 0.5 2.6 0.9 2.4 4.3 4.6

Professional and related

 146.5 151.8 153.2 0.5 2.6 0.9 2.4 4.2 4.6

Sales and office

 151.4 157.8 159.0 0.5 2.3 0.8 2.3 4.8 5.0

Office and administrative support

 151.4 157.8 159.1 0.5 2.3 0.8 2.2 4.7 5.1

Service occupations

 154.1 161.3 163.3 0.9 2.3 1.2 3.4 5.6 6.0

Industry

Education and health services

 147.0 152.6 154.0 0.5 2.7 0.9 2.5 4.4 4.8

Educational services

 146.4 151.8 153.2 0.5 2.7 0.9 2.4 4.3 4.6

Schools

 146.3 151.8 153.2 0.5 2.7 0.9 2.4 4.3 4.7

Elementary and secondary schools

 146.8 152.3 153.6 0.4 2.8 0.9 2.4 4.2 4.6

Health care and social assistance

 152.1 158.4 160.4 1.3 2.3 1.3 3.7 5.5 5.5

Hospitals

 149.2 155.0 156.9 1.3 2.0 1.2 3.7 5.2 5.2

Public administration

 150.6 157.4 158.6 0.7 2.2 0.8 2.6 5.2 5.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

All workers(1)

 147.7 153.7 155.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 4.5 5.1 5.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)

 147.0 153.1 154.4 1.2 1.5 0.8 4.3 5.4 5.0

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 143.4 148.4 149.6 0.5 1.3 0.8 3.4 4.0 4.3

Management, business, and financial

 146.1 150.9 151.8 0.2 0.7 0.6 3.6 3.5 3.9

Professional and related

 142.0 147.0 148.5 0.7 1.7 1.0 3.3 4.3 4.6

Sales and office

 150.9 158.2 160.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 5.2 5.8 6.1

Sales and related

 150.0 158.1 160.2 0.8 0.8 1.3 6.1 6.2 6.8

Office and administrative support

 151.2 157.9 159.6 1.1 1.4 1.1 4.5 5.5 5.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 146.7 152.2 153.5 1.0 1.2 0.9 4.2 4.7 4.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 146.7 151.9 153.3 1.0 1.1 0.9 4.4 4.5 4.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 146.9 152.6 153.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 4.0 5.0 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 153.6 160.1 161.6 1.5 1.5 0.9 5.7 5.8 5.2

Production

 150.1 156.6 158.2 1.4 1.6 1.0 5.8 5.8 5.4

Transportation and material moving

 158.3 165.0 166.4 1.6 1.5 0.8 5.9 5.9 5.1

Service occupations

 156.1 165.0 166.8 1.9 2.0 1.1 7.1 7.7 6.9

Industry

Goods-producing industries(3)

 146.5 152.3 153.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.0 5.0 5.0

Manufacturing

 146.4 152.5 153.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 4.1 5.2 5.1

Service-providing industries(4)

 147.9 154.0 155.4 1.0 1.4 0.9 4.7 5.1 5.1

Education and health services

 142.6 148.2 150.0 1.0 2.1 1.2 3.6 5.0 5.2

Educational services

 137.8 142.8 144.0 0.3 2.6 0.8 2.2 3.9 4.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 136.5 141.5 142.6 0.1 2.9 0.8 2.0 3.8 4.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities

 139.3 144.1 145.4 0.5 2.3 0.9 2.7 4.0 4.4

Health care and social assistance

 147.8 154.0 156.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 5.0 6.0 5.8

Hospitals

 147.7 153.6 155.9 1.9 1.5 1.5 5.0 5.9 5.6

Nursing and residential care facilities

 148.4 156.6 158.7 2.0 2.2 1.3 6.5 7.6 6.9

Public administration

 140.8 147.3 148.5 0.7 2.4 0.8 3.2 5.4 5.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(3) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(4) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public administration; and public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Index value (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

All workers

 149.7 155.9 157.4 1.0 1.1 1.0 5.0 5.2 5.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 149.0 155.3 156.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 4.6 5.6 5.2

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 145.8 150.8 152.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 3.8 4.1 4.3

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 144.1 149.3 150.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 3.5 4.6 4.4

Management, business, and financial

 147.1 151.8 152.8 0.1 0.5 0.7 3.8 3.3 3.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 144.0 149.4 150.2 0.8 0.9 0.5 3.0 4.6 4.3

Professional and related

 144.9 150.0 151.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 3.9 4.5 4.6

Sales and office

 151.9 159.4 161.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 5.4 6.0 6.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 153.2 160.3 162.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 5.1 6.3 5.7

Sales and related

 150.1 158.3 160.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 6.1 6.3 6.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 154.1 161.8 163.4 2.4 1.6 1.0 5.8 7.5 6.0

Office and administrative support

 152.0 158.8 160.6 1.1 1.3 1.1 4.4 5.6 5.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.2 152.6 153.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 4.2 4.7 4.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

 147.2 152.4 153.7 0.9 1.1 0.9 4.4 4.5 4.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair

 147.2 152.9 154.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 4.1 4.9 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving

 153.9 160.5 161.9 1.5 1.5 0.9 5.8 5.9 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 153.6 160.1 161.6 1.6 1.5 0.9 5.8 5.9 5.2

Production

 150.0 156.7 158.3 1.4 1.6 1.0 5.8 5.9 5.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 150.6 157.1 158.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 5.8 5.8 5.4

Transportation and material moving

 159.3 165.8 167.2 1.7 1.3 0.8 6.1 5.8 5.0

Service occupations

 159.5 168.9 170.7 2.1 1.8 1.1 8.1 8.1 7.0

Industry and occupational group

Goods-producing industries(2)

 146.6 152.4 153.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.0 5.0 5.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 146.5 152.2 153.5 1.0 1.1 0.9 4.1 4.9 4.8

Management, professional, and related

 142.7 147.2 148.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 2.5 3.9 3.9

Sales and office

 152.4 159.9 163.2 1.4 0.9 2.1 3.7 6.4 7.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.0 152.1 153.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 4.3 4.4 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 148.6 155.5 157.0 1.3 1.6 1.0 5.5 6.0 5.7

Construction

 146.6 151.9 153.6 1.0 0.8 1.1 3.8 4.7 4.8

Manufacturing

 146.4 152.5 153.9 1.0 1.2 0.9 4.1 5.2 5.1

Management, professional, and related

 143.4 148.0 148.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 2.3 3.9 3.8

Sales and office

 147.9 155.8 158.0 0.5 1.5 1.4 4.1 5.9 6.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.6 152.3 154.2 0.8 1.1 1.2 3.9 4.0 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving

 148.4 155.4 157.0 1.3 1.6 1.0 5.5 6.1 5.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 150.2 155.3 155.9 -0.1 0.5 0.4 1.3 3.3 3.8

Service-providing industries(3)

 150.5 156.9 158.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 5.2 5.3 5.2

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 149.8 156.1 157.5 1.4 1.2 0.9 4.8 5.7 5.1

Management, professional, and related

 146.3 151.4 152.6 0.6 0.9 0.8 4.0 4.1 4.3

Sales and office

 151.8 159.3 161.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 5.6 5.9 6.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 147.5 153.3 154.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 4.3 5.0 4.7

Production, transportation, and material moving

 159.3 165.5 166.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 6.1 5.8 4.8

Service occupations

 159.5 168.9 170.7 2.1 1.8 1.1 8.1 8.1 7.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

 153.7 159.7 161.2 1.9 0.8 0.9 6.1 5.9 4.9

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 153.1 159.4 160.8 1.9 1.2 0.9 5.2 6.1 5.0

Wholesale trade

 143.6 149.8 150.8 1.3 0.3 0.7 6.1 5.6 5.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 145.3 151.6 152.8 1.6 1.3 0.8 4.7 6.0 5.2

Retail trade

 159.0 166.1 167.8 2.7 1.0 1.0 7.0 7.3 5.5

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 156.3 163.9 165.2 2.3 1.3 0.8 6.2 7.3 5.7

Transportation and warehousing

 157.0 160.8 162.5 1.3 0.9 1.1 4.3 3.7 3.5

Utilities

 153.4 157.7 158.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 3.2 3.4 3.4

Information

 144.3 149.3 151.4 0.7 1.0 1.4 3.9 4.2 4.9

Financial activities

 147.8 154.1 155.2 -1.9 0.1 0.7 3.9 2.3 5.0

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 146.0 152.7 153.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 3.5 5.5 5.1

Finance and insurance

 148.8 154.8 155.9 -2.6 0.0 0.7 3.8 1.3 4.8

Credit intermediation and related activities

 150.7 153.4 153.9 -3.8 -0.9 0.3 8.1 -2.1 2.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 147.5 155.4 156.2 0.8 1.4 0.5 3.6 6.1 5.9

Insurance carriers and related activities

 146.3 152.9 153.7 0.4 0.7 0.5 3.0 4.9 5.1

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 143.6 148.9 149.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 2.7 4.4 4.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

 143.9 151.3 152.2 1.5 0.9 0.6 4.4 6.7 5.8

Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)

 148.6 155.9 157.1 1.4 0.8 0.8 4.6 6.3 5.7

Professional and business services

 149.5 155.9 157.0 0.8 1.3 0.7 4.1 5.1 5.0

Professional, scientific, and technical services

 150.5 156.9 157.5 0.5 1.4 0.4 3.7 4.7 4.7

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

 151.1 158.5 159.8 1.5 1.3 0.8 5.7 6.4 5.8

Education and health services

 147.1 153.3 155.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 4.6 5.7 5.6

Educational services

 143.0 148.9 150.3 0.1 1.8 0.9 2.7 4.3 5.1

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

 142.4 147.1 148.0 0.4 1.9 0.6 3.0 3.7 3.9

Health care and social assistance

 148.0 154.2 156.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 5.1 6.1 5.7

Hospitals

 148.3 154.3 156.7 1.9 1.4 1.6 5.1 6.0 5.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

 148.9 157.4 159.6 2.0 2.1 1.4 6.6 7.8 7.2

Nursing care facilities(1)

 147.5 156.2 158.9 1.7 2.2 1.7 6.3 7.6 7.7

Leisure and hospitality

 161.7 171.1 172.3 1.6 1.8 0.7 8.9 7.5 6.6

Accommodation and food service

 165.1 174.7 175.8 1.8 1.7 0.6 9.3 7.7 6.5

Other services, except public administration

 151.9 157.9 158.4 1.2 1.2 0.3 6.1 5.2 4.3

Footnotes
(1) The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status and Census region and division [Not seasonally adjusted]
Bargaining status and Census region and division Indexes (Dec.2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Bargaining status

Union

 148.6 152.5 154.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 3.9 3.6 3.9

Goods-producing industries(1)

 142.6 146.0 147.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 3.7 3.2 3.3

Manufacturing

 141.4 144.4 146.2 1.1 0.8 1.2 4.4 3.2 3.4

Service-providing industries(2)

 152.4 156.6 158.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 4.0 3.8 4.3

Nonunion

 149.8 156.3 157.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 5.0 5.4 5.3

Goods-producing industries(1)

 147.5 153.8 155.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 4.0 5.3 5.3

Manufacturing

 147.5 154.1 155.4 0.9 1.2 0.8 4.0 5.4 5.4

Service-providing industries(2)

 150.3 156.9 158.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 5.3 5.4 5.3

Census region and division(3)

Northeast

 150.7 156.4 158.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 4.6 4.6 4.9

New England

 156.3 163.6 165.5 0.6 1.2 1.2 4.9 5.3 5.9

Middle Atlantic

 148.7 153.8 155.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 4.5 4.3 4.5

South

 148.4 154.7 155.9 0.7 1.0 0.8 5.1 5.0 5.1

South Atlantic

 150.6 157.6 159.1 0.9 1.6 1.0 4.6 5.6 5.6

East South Central

 146.8 152.6 154.2 1.6 1.2 1.0 6.1 5.6 5.0

West South Central

 145.6 150.7 151.4 0.1 -0.3 0.5 5.8 3.6 4.0

Midwest

 146.7 153.0 154.0 1.6 1.3 0.7 5.1 6.0 5.0

East North Central

 145.0 151.1 152.4 1.6 1.5 0.9 5.1 5.9 5.1

West North Central

 151.0 157.7 157.8 1.7 1.1 0.1 5.1 6.2 4.5

West

 153.6 160.4 162.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 4.8 5.5 5.7

Mountain

 151.9 158.2 160.1 1.7 0.8 1.2 5.9 5.9 5.4

Pacific

 154.5 161.5 163.4 0.8 1.3 1.2 4.5 5.3 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(2) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
(3) The Census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for state and local government workers, by occupational group and industry [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group and industry Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

All workers

 139.0 144.3 145.6 0.6 2.6 0.9 2.7 4.4 4.7

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 137.3 142.2 143.4 0.4 2.7 0.8 2.2 3.9 4.4

Professional and related

 137.1 141.9 143.2 0.3 2.7 0.9 2.2 3.8 4.4

Sales and office

 139.3 145.0 146.2 0.5 2.4 0.8 2.7 4.6 5.0

Office and administrative support

 139.7 145.4 146.6 0.4 2.4 0.8 2.6 4.5 4.9

Service occupations

 144.9 152.0 153.9 1.2 2.6 1.3 4.1 6.1 6.2

Industry

Education and health services

 137.7 142.6 143.9 0.4 2.7 0.9 2.4 4.0 4.5

Educational services

 136.7 141.6 142.8 0.3 2.8 0.8 2.1 3.9 4.5

Schools

 136.7 141.6 142.8 0.3 2.8 0.8 2.1 3.9 4.5

Elementary and secondary schools

 136.3 141.1 142.2 0.2 2.9 0.8 2.0 3.7 4.3

Health care and social assistance

 145.6 151.6 153.9 1.5 2.4 1.5 4.3 5.6 5.7

Hospitals

 144.6 150.3 152.4 1.4 2.2 1.4 4.4 5.4 5.4

Public administration

 140.8 147.3 148.5 0.7 2.4 0.8 3.2 5.4 5.5

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status [Not seasonally adjusted]
Occupational group, industry, and bargaining status Indexes (Dec. 2005=100) Percent changes for-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Civilian workers

All workers(1)

 148.6 154.8 155.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.8 4.9 4.9

Private industry workers

All workers

 143.2 149.2 150.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.9 5.0 4.8

Occupational group

Management, professional, and related

 141.3 146.9 147.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 3.0 4.7 4.7

Sales and office

 144.7 152.2 153.2 0.8 0.8 0.7 2.7 6.1 5.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

 145.6 150.0 150.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.8 3.6 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

 144.6 149.8 150.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 2.9 4.2 4.1

Service occupations

 144.0 151.3 152.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 3.7 6.1 6.0

Industry

Goods-producing industries(2)

 138.7 143.3 143.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 2.8 3.7 3.7

Manufacturing

 138.2 142.8 143.5 0.4 0.0 0.5 2.9 3.7 3.8

Aircraft manufacturing

 122.4 104.7 105.0 0.2 -18.1 0.3 27.0 -14.3 -14.2

Service-providing industries(3)

 144.8 151.3 152.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.0 5.4 5.2

Bargaining status

Union

 155.5 159.2 160.2 0.5 -0.1 0.6 2.6 2.8 3.0

Nonunion

 140.8 147.1 148.1 0.8 0.8 0.7 3.1 5.3 5.2

State and local government workers

All workers

 168.5 175.4 176.9 0.8 2.2 0.9 2.5 5.0 5.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government.
(2) Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
(3) Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation and wages and salaries, for private industry workers by area [Not seasonally adjusted]
Census region and metropolitan area(1) 12-month percent changes -
Total compensation(2) Wages and salaries
Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022		 Dec.
2021		 Sep.
2022		 Dec.
2022

Northeast

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA-RI-NH-CT CSA

 4.2 5.6 5.5 4.8 5.7 5.8

New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA

 3.9 4.7 5.1 4.6 4.6 5.0

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA

 3.8 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.9 4.4

South

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA CSA

 2.5 5.0 4.4 3.1 5.2 4.8

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA

 3.6 5.3 5.5 4.6 5.7 5.5

Houston-The Woodlands, TX CSA

 3.5 5.4 3.1 3.9 5.9 3.3

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Port St. Lucie, FL CSA

 5.2 6.7 6.3 6.0 7.1 6.8

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA

 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3

Midwest

Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA

 4.0 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.6 4.4

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI CSA

 3.3 5.6 4.9 3.7 5.0 4.1

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA

 4.4 5.7 4.9 4.5 5.9 5.3

West

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA

 4.8 5.8 5.7 5.5 6.1 5.9

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA

 4.9 5.5 4.4 5.3 6.6 5.0

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA

 2.8 4.5 4.6 3.2 4.4 4.5

Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA

 6.3 3.0 3.2 3.8 5.9 6.2

Footnotes
(1) These areas include Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Beginning with the December 2018 release, area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 13-01, dated February 28, 2013. Previous area definitions are based on Office of Management and Budget Bulletin No. 04-03, dated February 18, 2004. For more information on metropolitan area definitions, see www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
(2) Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey

Last Modified Date: January 31, 2023