NEWS RELEASE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL USDL-18-0637
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 27, 2018
Technical information: (202) 691-6199 • ncsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • pressoffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – March 2018
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.8 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period
ending in March 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries (which make
up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.9 percent, and benefits (which make up the remaining
30 percent of compensation) increased 0.7 percent. (See tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)
Civilian Workers
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018
compared with a compensation costs increase of 2.4 percent in March 2017. Wages and salaries increased 2.7
percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018 and increased 2.5 percent for the 12-month period
ending in March 2017. Benefit costs increased 2.6 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018. In
March 2017, the increase was 2.2 percent. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)
Private Industry Workers
Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.8 percent over the year, a larger increase than
the 2.3-percent increase in March 2017. Wages and salaries increased 2.9 percent for the current 12-month
period and increased 2.6 percent in March 2017. The cost of benefits rose 2.5 percent for the 12-month
period ending in March 2018 and increased 1.9 percent in March 2017. (See tables A, 5,
9, and 12.)
Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.5 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018.
(For further information, see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)
Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month period
ending in March 2018 ranged from 2.6 percent for both management, professional, and related occupations and
natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations to 3.3 percent for production, transportation,
and material moving occupations. (See table 5.)
Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month period
ending in March 2018 ranged from 2.3 percent for education and health services to 3.3 percent for financial
activities. (See table 5.)
State and Local Government
Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period
ending in March 2018. In March 2017, the increase was 2.6 percent. Wages and salaries increased 1.8 percent
for the 12-month period ending in March 2018, compared with 2.2 percent a year ago. Benefit costs increased
3.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2018. The prior year’s increase was 3.1 percent. (See
tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
Seasonal Factors and Updated Layout
The 2018 seasonal factors for directly adjusted series and revised seasonally adjusted series for the past
five years were released today, see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectsfact.htm.
With the July 31, 2018 release, the file format of tables 1-13 will be modified to improve usablity. The
updated layout is available for review at www.bls.gov/ect/eci_table_changes_June_2018.htm.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index
(Percent change)
Category 3-month, 12-month,
seasonally adjusted not seasonally adjusted
Dec. Mar. Mar. Jun. Sep. Dec. Mar.
2017 2018 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
CIVILIAN WORKERS[1]
Compensation[2] 0.6 0.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
Wages and salaries 0.5 0.9 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.7
Benefits 0.5 0.7 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6
PRIVATE INDUSTRY
Compensation[2] 0.5 1.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8
Wages and salaries 0.5 1.0 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9
Benefits 0.4 0.8 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5
STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Compensation[2] 0.7 0.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2
Wages and salaries 0.6 0.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.8
Benefits 0.9 0.5 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1] Includes private industry and state and local government.
[2] Includes wages and salaries and benefits.
The Employment Cost Index for June 2018 is scheduled for release on Tuesday, July 31, 2018, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
BLS news releases, including the Employment Cost Index, are available through an email subscription service at
www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
For videos and information graphics explaining the Employment Cost Index and how it is used,
see www.bls.gov/eci/videos.htm.
TECHNICAL NOTE
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of employment
shifts among occupations and industries. For information on survey concepts, coverage, methods, nonresponse
adjustment, and imputation see National Compensation Measures Handbook of Methods at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.
Sample size
Data for the March 2018 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 27,300
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,600 private industry establishments and
approximately 8,000 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local government
establishments that provided data at the initial interview.
Standard errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors of all
current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are also available,
see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision ofan estimate
to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose.
Historical listings
Historical listings are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. The continuous occupational and industry series
listing uses the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Occupational Classification System series from
1975 through 2005 and the North American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational
Classification from 2006 to the present. It provides the official series deemed continuous after the change
in classification systems. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the
article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components are published in a separate news release titled "Employer
Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). The ECEC release dates are available at
www.bls.gov/schedule/2018/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at
www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the fixed
weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from those in the ECI.
Fixed Employment Weights
For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the ECI, see
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-employment-cost-index.htm.
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar.
2017 2018 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 131.4 132.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 129.0 130.0 .5 .6 .3 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5 .8
Manufacturing.......................... 129.0 129.9 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.0 .5 .7
Service-providing industries(4).......... 131.9 133.1 .6 .6 .6 .5 .8 .5 .7 .5 .9
Education and health services.......... 131.5 132.4 .4 .6 .7 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6 .7
Educational services................. 132.2 132.9 .5 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5
Elementary and secondary schools... 132.1 132.8 .5 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 132.3 132.9 .3 .6 .6 .6 .8 .4 .5 .6 .5
Health care and social assistance.... 130.9 132.0 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .6 .8
Hospitals.......................... 131.7 132.4 .5 .6 .5 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 128.1 129.1 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .8
Public administration.................. 135.9 136.2 .6 .5 .7 .5 .8 .6 .5 .9 .2
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 130.6 131.9 .6 .6 .5 .5 .8 .5 .8 .5 1.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 130.7 131.8 .4 .2 .6 .5 .7 .7 .5 .5 .8
Management, business, and financial.... 131.8 133.2 .5 .2 .6 .9 .7 .8 .5 .5 1.1
Professional and related............... 129.9 130.7 .5 .3 .5 .2 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6
Sales and office......................... 130.4 132.0 .7 1.0 .2 .5 .8 .2 1.0 .5 1.2
Sales and related...................... 125.9 128.1 .6 1.5 -.4 .1 1.1 -.2 1.4 .4 1.7
Office and administrative support...... 133.6 134.8 .9 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .7 .5 .9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 131.4 131.8 .5 .6 .3 .8 .5 .9 .7 .7 .3
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 131.6 132.3 .6 .9 .2 .9 .7 .6 .6 .5 .5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 131.1 131.3 .4 .3 .6 .5 .3 1.1 .7 .8 .2
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 131.2 132.4 .6 .6 .6 .7 .8 .6 1.1 .6 .9
Production............................. 129.3 130.2 .7 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 1.0 .6 .7
Transportation and material moving..... 133.7 135.3 .7 .6 .7 .9 .9 .5 1.1 .7 1.2
Service occupations...................... 131.1 132.5 .7 1.0 .8 .6 .9 .6 .6 .8 1.1
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 128.9 130.0 .6 .6 .4 .6 .6 .5 .9 .5 .9
Construction........................... 128.7 129.9 .4 .7 .0 .8 .9 .5 .5 .5 .9
Manufacturing.......................... 129.0 129.9 .5 .6 .6 .5 .5 .6 1.0 .5 .7
Aircraft manufacturing............... 126.4 128.4 1.7 .5 -.8 1.2 1.5 .7 8.4 .5 1.6
Service-providing industries(5).......... 131.2 132.5 .6 .6 .6 .4 .8 .6 .7 .5 1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 132.6 134.0 1.1 .7 .4 .5 1.0 .5 .8 .6 1.1
Wholesale trade(6)................... 128.7 130.0 .7 .6 -.1 -.1 1.5 .3 .8 .4 1.0
Retail trade......................... 133.0 134.5 1.5 .8 .6 .7 1.0 .4 .8 .6 1.1
Transportation and warehousing....... 135.0 136.7 1.2 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .5 1.0 .8 1.3
Utilities............................ 141.8 143.4 .6 .5 .7 .8 .6 .5 .7 .6 1.1
Information............................ 128.6 129.4 .7 .0 .7 .6 .4 1.0 .7 .3 .6
Financial activities................... 130.1 132.3 .4 .7 1.2 .6 .4 .9 .4 .2 1.7
Finance and insurance................ 130.3 132.6 .2 .7 1.4 .5 .5 .9 .4 .2 1.8
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 129.2 130.8 .6 .3 1.4 .6 .6 .6 .4 -.1 1.2
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 133.0 134.2 .4 .6 1.3 .3 .8 1.1 .0 .5 .9
Real estate and rental and leasing... 129.3 130.8 1.1 .6 .8 .7 .3 .9 .7 .2 1.2
Professional and business services..... 132.1 133.1 .5 .4 .2 .2 .7 .7 1.1 .5 .8
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 134.6 135.6 .6 .5 .0 .4 .8 .8 1.1 .4 .7
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 128.6 129.3 .3 .4 .3 -.6 .6 .6 1.3 .6 .5
Education and health services.......... 130.4 131.4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 .6 .8
Educational services................. 131.0 131.7 .4 .6 .3 .7 .6 .3 .5 .6 .5
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 132.3 133.2 .4 .5 .4 .7 .6 .5 .6 .5 .7
Health care and social assistance.... 130.2 131.4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .2 .6 .9
Hospitals.......................... 131.4 132.0 .4 .6 .6 .7 .6 .4 .5 .5 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 126.5 127.5 .7 .6 .7 .7 .5 .6 .6 .6 .8
Leisure and hospitality................ 130.6 132.4 .8 .9 1.0 .6 1.7 .5 .6 .7 1.4
Accommodation and food services...... 131.4 133.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 .5 1.8 .6 .5 .7 1.4
Other services, except public
administration........................ 131.5 132.9 .2 .9 .8 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 1.1
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 134.3 134.8 .5 .5 .8 .6 .6 .5 .7 .7 .4
Industry
Education and health services.......... 132.9 133.6 .4 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5
Educational services................. 132.6 133.2 .5 .6 .9 .5 .7 .5 .5 .7 .5
Schools............................ 132.5 133.1 .4 .6 .9 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5
Elementary and secondary schools 132.5 133.2 .5 .6 1.0 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5
Health care and social assistance.... 135.9 136.6 .7 .5 .5 .5 .3 .4 .9 .7 .5
Hospitals.......................... 133.4 133.8 .6 .7 .5 .5 .3 .3 .9 .7 .3
Public administration.................. 135.9 136.2 .6 .5 .7 .5 .8 .6 .5 .9 .2
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public
administration; and public administration.
5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
6 The private wholesale trade industry compensation series is seasonal as of the 2018 seasonal adjustment revision.
Historical data for this series are published beginning with 2002.
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar.
2017 2018 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 129.9 131.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.9
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 129.4 130.4 .6 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .8
Manufacturing.......................... 129.5 130.4 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7
Service-providing industries(3).......... 130.1 131.3 .6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .6 .6 .9
Education and health services.......... 127.9 128.8 .4 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .6 .7
Educational services................. 125.9 126.4 .4 .6 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4
Elementary and secondary schools... 124.5 125.1 .3 .5 .7 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 128.1 128.4 .4 .6 .6 .6 .8 .2 .5 .6 .2
Health care and social assistance.... 130.2 131.5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .7 .3 .6 1.0
Hospitals.......................... 130.9 131.5 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .6 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 127.3 128.5 .7 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .9
Public administration.................. 127.7 128.1 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .3
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 130.7 132.0 .6 .7 .5 .5 .9 .5 .8 .5 1.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 131.2 132.4 .6 .2 .6 .5 .6 .7 .4 .6 .9
Management, business, and financial.... 132.4 133.9 .8 .0 .6 .9 .6 .7 .4 .7 1.1
Professional and related............... 130.4 131.3 .6 .4 .6 .2 .6 .7 .4 .6 .7
Sales and office......................... 130.1 131.9 .6 1.2 .1 .3 1.0 .1 1.2 .5 1.4
Sales and related...................... 126.3 128.6 .3 1.6 -.7 .0 1.4 -.5 1.7 .5 1.9
Office and administrative support...... 133.1 134.3 1.0 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .8 .6 .9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 130.5 131.1 .7 .7 .3 .8 .6 .9 .7 .7 .5
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 130.5 131.2 .7 1.1 .0 1.2 .8 .5 .9 .5 .5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 130.6 131.0 .6 .5 .6 .4 .6 1.0 .6 .8 .3
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 131.0 132.3 .7 .8 .7 .8 .9 .6 1.0 .8 1.0
Production............................. 129.4 130.3 .7 .8 .6 .6 .7 .8 .9 .7 .7
Transportation and material moving..... 132.9 134.6 .8 .9 .6 1.1 .9 .5 1.2 .8 1.3
Service occupations...................... 131.5 132.8 .8 1.0 1.0 .6 .9 .7 .7 1.0 1.0
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 129.4 130.5 .6 .7 .4 .6 .7 .6 .7 .5 .9
Construction........................... 128.3 129.7 .3 .8 .0 1.0 .9 .5 .6 .5 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 129.5 130.4 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7
Aircraft manufacturing............... 139.4 140.4 .5 .8 .5 .8 .7 .7 .7 .6 .7
Service-providing industries(4).......... 131.1 132.5 .7 .6 .6 .5 .8 .6 .7 .6 1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 131.4 133.0 .9 .8 .3 .6 1.3 .4 .8 .6 1.2
Retail trade......................... 133.4 135.0 .9 .9 .6 .8 1.3 .5 .8 .8 1.2
Transportation and warehousing....... 133.5 135.4 1.2 .9 .6 1.3 .8 .5 1.0 .8 1.4
Utilities............................ 138.8 140.0 .5 .5 .9 .9 .7 .6 .4 .7 .9
Information............................ 127.7 128.6 1.2 .5 .8 .6 .1 1.0 .7 .3 .7
Financial activities................... 131.0 133.4 .5 .9 1.2 .6 .2 .9 .5 .5 1.8
Finance and insurance................ 131.7 134.3 .4 .8 1.3 .5 .2 1.0 .4 .5 2.0
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 128.3 130.0 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .6 .8 .6 .3 1.3
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 132.4 133.7 .7 .9 1.4 .3 .5 1.3 -.3 .5 .9
Professional and business services..... 132.3 133.3 .6 .5 .1 .2 .6 .6 1.2 .5 .8
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 134.7 135.7 .9 .5 -.2 .5 .6 .6 1.3 .4 .8
Education and health services.......... 130.1 131.3 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .2 .7 .9
Educational services................. 129.8 130.3 .6 .7 .2 .8 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 130.4 131.1 .4 .6 .5 .8 .6 .4 .8 .5 .5
Health care and social assistance.... 130.2 131.5 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .7 .2 .7 1.0
Hospitals.......................... 131.1 131.8 .5 .7 .6 .7 .6 .5 .5 .5 .6
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 127.3 128.5 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .6 .6 .7 .9
Leisure and hospitality................ 132.7 134.4 .8 1.0 1.1 .6 1.7 .5 .7 .9 1.3
Accommodation and food services...... 133.3 135.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 .5 1.6 .7 .5 .8 1.4
Other services, except public
administration........................ 132.0 133.3 .3 1.0 .8 .6 .5 .6 .7 .6 .9
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 126.6 127.1 .4 .5 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .6 .4
Industry
Education and health services.......... 125.7 126.2 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .5 .5 .4
Educational services................. 125.1 125.6 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .5 .4 .4
Schools............................ 125.1 125.6 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .5 .4
Elementary and secondary schools 124.4 125.0 .3 .4 .8 .2 .5 .6 .5 .3 .5
Health care and social assistance.... 130.5 131.3 .5 .5 .4 .6 .5 .4 .9 .6 .6
Hospitals.......................... 129.5 130.2 .5 .7 .3 .6 .5 .5 .9 .5 .5
Public administration.................. 127.7 128.1 .5 .6 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .3
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public
administration; and public administration.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
Dec. Mar. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar.
2017 2018 2016 2016 2016 2016 2017 2017 2017 2017 2018
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 134.7 135.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 130.5 131.6 .5 .3 .6 .4 .6 .6 .7 .4 .8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 129.5 130.4 .0 .2 .5 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7
Sales and office......................... 131.2 132.3 1.0 .6 .5 .5 .3 .6 .5 .4 .8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 133.1 133.4 .2 .3 .4 .5 .2 .8 .7 .5 .2
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 131.6 132.6 .6 .3 .6 .5 .6 .5 1.2 .5 .8
Service occupations...................... 129.9 131.1 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5 .9
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 128.0 129.0 .4 .5 .2 .3 .4 .5 1.2 .4 .8
Manufacturing.......................... 128.1 129.1 .5 .5 .3 .2 .5 .5 1.7 .3 .8
Service-providing industries(3).......... 131.5 132.6 .5 .3 .5 .5 .7 .6 .5 .4 .8
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 149.6 150.3 .7 .6 1.1 .6 .8 .7 .8 .9 .5
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 129.0 131.2 132.5 0.9 0.4 1.0 2.4 2.6 2.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(3) 129.3 131.5 132.7 .9 .5 .9 2.5 2.6 2.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 129.1 131.2 132.2 .8 .4 .8 2.1 2.4 2.4
Management, business, and financial.... 129.7 131.9 133.4 .8 .2 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.9
Professional and related............... 128.7 130.8 131.6 .7 .5 .6 2.0 2.3 2.3
Sales and office......................... 128.6 130.6 132.4 .9 .2 1.4 2.4 2.5 3.0
Sales and related...................... 123.7 125.7 127.8 1.1 -.1 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.3
Office and administrative support...... 131.6 133.7 135.2 .8 .5 1.1 2.5 2.5 2.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 128.9 131.6 132.2 .6 .5 .5 2.2 2.7 2.6
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 129.4 131.8 132.4 .6 .4 .5 2.6 2.5 2.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 128.3 131.4 132.0 .5 .5 .5 1.7 2.9 2.9
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 128.6 131.4 132.9 .9 .4 1.1 2.8 3.1 3.3
Production............................. 126.7 129.4 130.5 .8 .5 .9 2.6 2.9 3.0
Transportation and material moving..... 131.1 133.9 135.8 1.2 .4 1.4 3.1 3.3 3.6
Service occupations...................... 130.3 132.7 134.2 .9 .7 1.1 3.2 2.8 3.0
Industry
Goods-producing industries(4)............ 126.5 128.9 129.9 .6 .4 .8 2.2 2.5 2.7
Manufacturing.......................... 126.4 128.9 130.0 .7 .4 .9 2.2 2.7 2.8
Service-providing industries(5).......... 129.4 131.6 132.9 .9 .4 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.7
Education and health services.......... 129.4 131.5 132.3 .5 .5 .6 2.3 2.2 2.2
Educational services................. 129.8 132.2 132.6 .5 .5 .3 2.6 2.3 2.2
Elementary and secondary schools... 129.5 132.1 132.5 .4 .5 .3 2.6 2.4 2.3
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 130.4 132.4 132.8 .7 .5 .3 2.7 2.2 1.8
Health care and social assistance.... 129.1 130.9 132.1 .6 .6 .9 2.1 2.0 2.3
Hospitals.......................... 129.8 131.7 132.4 .5 .5 .5 2.4 2.0 2.0
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 125.7 127.9 129.1 .6 .6 .9 2.4 2.4 2.7
Public administration.................. 133.2 135.7 136.2 .9 .7 .4 2.5 2.8 2.3
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational
group and industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 128.3 130.5 131.9 0.9 0.4 1.1 2.3 2.6 2.8
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2).. 128.7 130.8 132.2 .9 .5 1.1 2.4 2.6 2.7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 128.5 130.5 131.8 .9 .4 1.0 2.0 2.4 2.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 128.0 129.9 131.2 .9 .4 1.0 1.9 2.4 2.5
Management, business, and financial...... 129.5 131.7 133.2 .9 .3 1.1 2.4 2.6 2.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 129.0 130.9 132.5 .9 .3 1.2 2.5 2.4 2.7
Professional and related................. 127.8 129.6 130.8 .9 .4 .9 1.7 2.3 2.3
Sales and office........................... 128.1 130.1 132.0 1.0 .2 1.5 2.4 2.6 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 130.4 132.4 134.1 .9 .4 1.3 2.8 2.5 2.8
Sales and related........................ 123.6 125.5 127.7 1.1 -.2 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 128.4 130.5 132.3 1.1 .4 1.4 3.1 2.8 3.0
Office and administrative support........ 131.4 133.3 135.0 .9 .4 1.3 2.6 2.4 2.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 128.5 131.2 131.8 .6 .5 .5 2.2 2.7 2.6
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 129.2 131.6 132.2 .6 .4 .5 2.7 2.5 2.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 127.7 130.9 131.3 .5 .5 .3 1.7 3.0 2.8
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 128.3 131.0 132.5 1.0 .5 1.1 2.9 3.1 3.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 128.5 131.0 132.6 1.0 .5 1.2 2.8 3.0 3.2
Production............................... 126.5 129.2 130.2 .8 .5 .8 2.5 2.9 2.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 126.7 129.5 130.5 .7 .5 .8 2.5 2.9 3.0
Transportation and material moving....... 130.6 133.4 135.4 1.2 .3 1.5 3.2 3.3 3.7
Service occupations........................ 128.6 130.9 132.7 1.1 .7 1.4 3.4 2.9 3.2
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3).............. 126.5 128.9 129.9 .6 .4 .8 2.2 2.5 2.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 126.9 129.3 130.3 .6 .5 .8 2.3 2.5 2.7
Management, professional, and related.. 125.1 127.1 128.7 .7 .4 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.9
Sales and office....................... 127.2 129.4 130.4 -.1 -.2 .8 1.7 1.6 2.5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 128.6 131.1 131.6 .7 .6 .4 2.5 2.7 2.3
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 126.0 128.7 129.5 .7 .5 .6 2.4 2.9 2.8
Construction............................. 126.6 128.8 129.7 .6 .4 .7 2.5 2.4 2.4
Manufacturing............................ 126.4 128.9 130.0 .7 .4 .9 2.2 2.7 2.8
Management, professional, and related 126.4 128.5 130.0 .9 .3 1.2 2.1 2.6 2.8
Sales and office..................... 129.0 131.3 132.4 .4 .3 .8 2.0 2.2 2.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 127.3 130.7 130.8 .1 .8 .1 1.6 2.8 2.7
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 125.6 128.3 129.2 .6 .4 .7 2.4 2.8 2.9
Aircraft manufacturing................. 115.9 128.9 132.1 2.7 .0 2.5 2.3 14.2 14.0
Service-providing industries(4)............ 128.9 131.0 132.6 .9 .3 1.2 2.4 2.6 2.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 129.3 131.3 132.9 1.0 .4 1.2 2.5 2.6 2.8
Management, professional, and related.. 129.1 131.1 132.4 .9 .3 1.0 2.0 2.4 2.6
Sales and office....................... 128.2 130.1 132.1 1.1 .2 1.5 2.5 2.6 3.0
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 128.3 131.4 132.0 .4 .2 .5 1.9 2.8 2.9
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 131.0 133.8 135.9 1.2 .4 1.6 3.1 3.3 3.7
Service occupations.................... 128.6 130.9 132.6 1.1 .7 1.3 3.4 2.9 3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 130.1 132.3 134.0 1.2 .3 1.3 2.7 3.0 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 130.8 132.9 134.5 1.1 .5 1.2 2.8 2.7 2.8
Wholesale trade........................ 126.8 128.6 130.0 1.6 .3 1.1 1.9 3.0 2.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 129.2 131.6 133.0 .9 .5 1.1 2.1 2.7 2.9
Retail trade........................... 130.4 132.8 134.3 1.0 .4 1.1 3.1 2.9 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 129.6 131.5 132.9 1.2 .4 1.1 3.3 2.7 2.5
Transportation and warehousing......... 132.0 134.6 136.8 1.0 .3 1.6 2.9 3.0 3.6
Utilities.............................. 139.3 141.2 143.5 1.1 .2 1.6 2.6 2.5 3.0
Information.............................. 126.1 128.4 129.4 .6 .1 .8 1.8 2.4 2.6
Financial activities..................... 127.8 129.9 132.0 .3 .0 1.6 2.9 2.0 3.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 129.0 130.5 132.5 .9 -.1 1.5 2.5 2.1 2.7
Finance and insurance.................. 128.0 130.1 132.2 .3 .0 1.6 3.0 2.0 3.3
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 127.8 128.8 130.6 .8 -.5 1.4 3.1 1.6 2.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 132.0 132.8 134.8 1.4 -.4 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.1
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 130.8 132.6 134.1 1.0 .1 1.1 3.1 2.4 2.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 129.8 131.5 133.0 1.1 .2 1.1 2.4 2.4 2.5
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 127.1 129.3 130.9 .3 .1 1.2 2.5 2.1 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 130.2 132.3 134.0 .3 .1 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.9
Professional and business services....... 129.4 131.9 133.3 1.1 .3 1.1 1.5 3.0 3.0
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 131.9 134.1 135.9 1.3 .1 1.3 1.6 3.0 3.0
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 125.3 128.5 129.3 .6 .5 .6 .6 3.1 3.2
Education and health services............ 128.5 130.4 131.4 .5 .6 .8 2.1 2.0 2.3
Educational services................... 129.0 131.1 131.5 .3 .5 .3 2.3 1.9 1.9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 130.0 132.5 133.0 .3 .4 .4 2.3 2.2 2.3
Health care and social assistance...... 128.5 130.2 131.4 .7 .5 .9 2.1 2.0 2.3
Hospitals............................ 129.6 131.3 132.1 .7 .5 .6 2.5 2.0 1.9
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 124.3 126.5 127.6 .6 .6 .9 2.6 2.4 2.7
Nursing care facilities(2)......... 124.0 126.3 127.1 .3 .6 .6 2.1 2.2 2.5
Leisure and hospitality.................. 128.5 130.3 132.6 2.1 .5 1.8 4.3 3.6 3.2
Accommodation and food services........ 129.3 131.2 133.5 2.1 .6 1.8 4.5 3.6 3.2
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 129.2 131.3 132.9 .8 .2 1.2 2.9 2.4 2.9
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining
status and census region and division
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 131.9 134.5 135.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.8 3.0 2.7
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 128.4 131.8 132.3 .3 .5 .4 2.0 3.0 3.0
Manufacturing........................ 122.9 127.2 127.8 .1 .3 .5 1.5 3.6 4.0
Service-providing industries(3)........ 134.8 137.1 138.2 1.3 .7 .8 1.6 3.0 2.5
Nonunion................................. 127.8 129.9 131.4 .9 .3 1.2 2.5 2.6 2.8
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 125.9 128.1 129.2 .6 .4 .9 2.2 2.4 2.6
Manufacturing........................ 127.3 129.5 130.7 .8 .4 .9 2.3 2.5 2.7
Service-providing industries(3)........ 128.2 130.4 132.0 .9 .3 1.2 2.4 2.6 3.0
Census region and division(4)
Northeast................................ 130.2 132.0 133.7 1.2 .2 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.7
New England............................ 132.7 135.3 136.5 1.2 .3 .9 1.1 3.2 2.9
Middle Atlantic........................ 129.3 130.9 132.7 1.2 .2 1.4 2.7 2.4 2.6
South.................................... 127.1 129.2 130.4 .7 .4 .9 1.6 2.4 2.6
South Atlantic......................... 128.7 131.1 132.3 .7 .5 .9 2.1 2.6 2.8
East South Central..................... 126.5 128.4 130.0 .8 -.3 1.2 2.8 2.3 2.8
West South Central..................... 124.4 126.4 127.4 .5 .4 .8 .2 2.1 2.4
Midwest.................................. 126.8 128.5 129.8 .9 .4 1.0 2.8 2.2 2.4
East North Central..................... 125.2 127.0 128.4 .9 .4 1.1 2.7 2.3 2.6
West North Central..................... 130.8 132.1 133.3 .8 .3 .9 3.1 1.8 1.9
West..................................... 129.9 132.9 134.6 1.0 .5 1.3 2.9 3.3 3.6
Mountain............................... 127.5 130.0 131.7 .9 .5 1.3 2.7 2.8 3.3
Pacific................................ 130.9 134.2 135.9 1.0 .4 1.3 3.0 3.5 3.8
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota;
Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 131.7 134.2 134.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 2.6 2.5 2.2
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 130.6 133.0 133.4 .6 .5 .3 2.6 2.5 2.1
Professional and related............... 130.4 132.8 133.2 .5 .5 .3 2.6 2.4 2.1
Sales and office......................... 133.2 135.7 136.3 .6 .7 .4 2.3 2.5 2.3
Office and administrative support...... 133.3 135.7 136.3 .7 .6 .4 2.4 2.5 2.3
Service occupations...................... 134.4 137.0 137.6 .7 .7 .4 2.7 2.6 2.4
Industry
Education and health services............ 130.4 132.9 133.3 .5 .5 .3 2.6 2.4 2.2
Educational services................... 130.1 132.5 132.9 .5 .5 .3 2.8 2.4 2.2
Schools.............................. 130.0 132.4 132.9 .5 .5 .4 2.7 2.3 2.2
Elementary and secondary schools... 129.8 132.5 132.9 .4 .5 .3 2.7 2.5 2.4
Health care and social assistance...... 133.3 135.8 136.6 .4 .6 .6 1.8 2.3 2.5
Hospitals............................ 130.9 133.4 133.9 .3 .6 .4 2.0 2.2 2.3
Public administration.................... 133.2 135.7 136.2 .9 .7 .4 2.5 2.8 2.3
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 127.6 129.8 131.1 0.8 0.4 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.7
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2) 127.7 129.9 131.1 .8 .5 .9 2.6 2.5 2.7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 127.6 129.6 130.6 .6 .4 .8 2.1 2.2 2.4
Management, business, and financial.... 129.3 131.7 133.0 .5 .4 1.0 2.2 2.3 2.9
Professional and related............... 126.6 128.5 129.3 .7 .4 .6 1.9 2.2 2.1
Sales and office......................... 127.4 129.5 131.4 1.1 .2 1.5 2.6 2.8 3.1
Sales and related...................... 123.7 125.8 128.2 1.3 -.2 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.6
Office and administrative support...... 130.0 132.0 133.5 .9 .5 1.1 2.8 2.5 2.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 127.4 130.3 130.8 .6 .5 .4 2.5 2.9 2.7
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 127.7 130.2 130.8 .9 .5 .5 3.2 2.8 2.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 127.3 130.5 130.8 .5 .5 .2 2.0 3.0 2.7
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 128.0 130.8 132.3 1.0 .5 1.1 3.3 3.2 3.4
Production............................. 126.8 129.5 130.6 .9 .5 .8 3.1 3.0 3.0
Transportation and material moving..... 129.5 132.3 134.3 1.3 .4 1.5 3.6 3.4 3.7
Service occupations...................... 128.3 130.8 132.4 1.0 .8 1.2 3.4 3.0 3.2
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 127.0 129.3 130.4 .7 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2.7
Manufacturing.......................... 127.1 129.3 130.4 .7 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2.6
Service-providing industries(4).......... 127.7 129.9 131.2 .9 .4 1.0 2.5 2.6 2.7
Education and health services.......... 126.0 128.0 128.7 .5 .5 .5 2.2 2.1 2.1
Educational services................. 124.1 126.0 126.3 .3 .3 .2 2.2 1.9 1.8
Elementary and secondary schools... 122.7 124.6 124.9 .2 .2 .2 2.0 1.8 1.8
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 126.3 128.2 128.4 .6 .5 .2 2.6 2.2 1.7
Health care and social assistance.... 128.2 130.2 131.5 .6 .6 1.0 2.2 2.2 2.6
Hospitals.......................... 128.8 130.9 131.5 .6 .6 .5 2.5 2.3 2.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 124.8 127.3 128.5 .7 .6 .9 2.7 2.7 3.0
Public administration.................. 125.9 127.7 128.3 .8 .6 .5 2.4 2.2 1.9
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and
industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 128.3 130.6 132.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 2.6 2.8 2.9
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1).. 128.5 130.7 132.1 .9 .5 1.1 2.6 2.7 2.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 129.0 131.1 132.3 .7 .5 .9 2.1 2.3 2.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 128.2 130.1 131.3 .8 .5 .9 2.1 2.3 2.4
Management, business, and financial...... 129.9 132.3 133.7 .5 .4 1.1 2.2 2.4 2.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 128.9 130.8 132.3 .7 .4 1.1 2.4 2.2 2.6
Professional and related................. 128.2 130.2 131.3 .8 .5 .8 1.7 2.4 2.4
Sales and office........................... 127.7 129.8 131.8 1.2 .2 1.5 2.7 2.9 3.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 129.9 132.2 133.9 1.1 .5 1.3 3.1 2.9 3.1
Sales and related........................ 123.8 125.9 128.2 1.3 -.1 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 128.5 131.0 132.9 1.2 .4 1.5 3.5 3.1 3.4
Office and administrative support........ 130.7 132.9 134.5 .9 .5 1.2 2.8 2.6 2.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 127.5 130.4 130.9 .6 .5 .4 2.6 2.9 2.7
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 127.9 130.4 131.1 .8 .4 .5 3.1 2.8 2.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 127.2 130.5 130.8 .5 .6 .2 1.9 3.1 2.8
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 128.0 130.7 132.3 1.1 .5 1.2 3.3 3.2 3.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 128.3 130.8 132.5 1.1 .5 1.3 3.2 3.1 3.3
Production............................... 126.5 129.3 130.4 .9 .5 .9 2.8 3.1 3.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 126.8 129.5 130.7 1.0 .5 .9 2.9 3.1 3.1
Transportation and material moving....... 129.7 132.6 134.7 1.2 .4 1.6 3.7 3.5 3.9
Service occupations........................ 128.6 131.3 133.0 1.2 .8 1.3 3.7 3.3 3.4
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(2).............. 127.1 129.3 130.4 .7 .4 .9 2.6 2.5 2.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 127.6 129.8 130.9 .8 .5 .8 2.7 2.5 2.6
Management, professional, and related.. 127.7 129.0 130.7 .8 .4 1.3 2.2 1.8 2.3
Sales and office....................... 127.3 129.9 130.8 -.2 -.2 .7 1.8 1.9 2.7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 127.8 130.4 131.0 .9 .7 .5 2.9 3.0 2.5
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 126.1 128.8 129.8 .8 .5 .8 2.9 3.0 2.9
Construction............................. 126.1 128.4 129.5 .6 .4 .9 2.7 2.5 2.7
Manufacturing............................ 127.1 129.3 130.4 .7 .5 .9 2.5 2.5 2.6
Management, professional, and related 128.3 129.6 130.9 .8 .3 1.0 2.3 1.8 2.0
Sales and office..................... 128.7 131.6 132.6 .5 .6 .8 2.1 2.7 3.0
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 128.0 131.0 131.3 .4 .9 .2 2.3 2.7 2.6
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 125.8 128.5 129.5 .8 .5 .8 2.8 3.0 2.9
Aircraft manufacturing................. 137.4 138.4 141.1 2.0 -.1 2.0 2.8 2.7 2.7
Service-providing industries(3)............ 128.6 131.0 132.5 .9 .5 1.1 2.5 2.8 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 128.8 131.0 132.5 .9 .5 1.1 2.6 2.7 2.9
Management, professional, and related.. 129.2 131.4 132.6 .7 .4 .9 2.0 2.4 2.6
Sales and office....................... 127.7 129.8 131.9 1.3 .3 1.6 2.7 2.9 3.3
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 127.2 130.5 130.9 .3 .2 .3 2.1 2.9 2.9
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 130.0 132.9 135.0 1.3 .5 1.6 3.7 3.6 3.8
Service occupations.................... 128.6 131.2 133.0 1.2 .8 1.4 3.7 3.2 3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 128.9 131.2 132.9 1.4 .3 1.3 3.0 3.2 3.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 129.3 131.4 133.0 1.3 .5 1.2 3.4 2.9 2.9
Wholesale trade........................ 124.3 126.0 127.3 2.0 .2 1.0 2.0 3.4 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 125.8 128.2 129.5 1.0 .5 1.0 2.4 2.9 2.9
Retail trade........................... 130.5 133.2 134.7 1.2 .5 1.1 3.6 3.3 3.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 129.3 131.4 132.8 1.4 .5 1.1 3.9 3.1 2.7
Transportation and warehousing......... 130.6 133.1 135.4 1.2 .2 1.7 3.6 3.1 3.7
Utilities.............................. 136.7 138.2 140.2 1.3 .2 1.4 2.9 2.4 2.6
Information.............................. 125.0 127.5 128.4 .1 .1 .7 2.0 2.1 2.7
Financial activities..................... 128.2 130.9 133.0 .0 .3 1.6 2.9 2.1 3.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 129.1 130.9 133.0 .7 .2 1.6 2.3 2.1 3.0
Finance and insurance.................. 128.8 131.6 133.8 .0 .4 1.7 2.9 2.2 3.9
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 126.1 128.0 129.9 .7 .1 1.5 2.8 2.2 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 130.4 132.0 134.1 1.3 .2 1.6 2.7 2.6 2.8
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 130.2 132.1 133.5 .6 .2 1.1 3.2 2.1 2.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 128.4 129.8 131.3 .8 .2 1.2 2.4 1.9 2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 125.6 128.2 129.8 .2 .2 1.2 2.7 2.2 3.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 128.9 131.3 133.0 .2 .2 1.3 2.2 2.1 3.2
Professional and business services....... 129.5 132.0 133.5 .9 .3 1.1 1.4 2.9 3.1
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 132.1 134.2 136.1 1.3 .1 1.4 1.5 2.9 3.0
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 126.0 129.6 130.3 .6 .7 .5 .7 3.4 3.4
Education and health services............ 128.1 130.1 131.2 .6 .6 .8 2.3 2.2 2.4
Educational services................... 127.7 130.0 130.1 .2 .5 .1 2.4 2.0 1.9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 128.0 130.7 130.9 .2 .5 .2 2.5 2.3 2.3
Health care and social assistance...... 128.1 130.2 131.5 .6 .7 1.0 2.2 2.3 2.7
Hospitals............................ 129.1 131.1 131.8 .6 .6 .5 2.6 2.2 2.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 124.8 127.3 128.5 .8 .7 .9 3.0 2.8 3.0
Nursing care facilities(1)......... 124.5 127.0 127.9 .5 .6 .7 2.6 2.5 2.7
Leisure and hospitality.................. 130.1 132.3 134.7 2.1 .7 1.8 4.6 3.8 3.5
Accommodation and food services........ 130.9 133.0 135.4 2.1 .7 1.8 4.8 3.7 3.4
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 129.5 131.8 133.2 .6 .2 1.1 2.9 2.4 2.9
1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status
and census region and division
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 128.6 130.9 131.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.7 2.8 2.3
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 125.2 127.6 127.9 .4 .6 .2 2.4 2.3 2.2
Manufacturing........................ 122.7 125.2 125.7 .3 .6 .4 2.1 2.4 2.4
Service-providing industries(2)........ 131.0 133.3 134.2 1.2 .8 .7 1.5 3.0 2.4
Nonunion................................. 128.2 130.6 132.1 .9 .5 1.1 2.6 2.8 3.0
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 127.5 129.8 131.0 .7 .4 .9 2.6 2.5 2.7
Manufacturing........................ 128.1 130.3 131.4 .8 .5 .8 2.6 2.5 2.6
Service-providing industries(2)........ 128.4 130.8 132.4 .9 .4 1.2 2.6 2.7 3.1
Census region and division(3)
Northeast................................ 129.7 131.7 133.4 1.1 .2 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.9
New England............................ 134.1 136.8 138.0 1.5 .3 .9 .9 3.6 2.9
Middle Atlantic........................ 128.0 129.8 131.7 .9 .2 1.5 2.7 2.3 2.9
South.................................... 127.7 130.1 131.3 .8 .5 .9 1.8 2.7 2.8
South Atlantic......................... 129.2 132.0 133.3 .7 .7 1.0 2.2 2.9 3.2
East South Central..................... 126.7 128.6 130.3 1.0 -.4 1.3 3.0 2.5 2.8
West South Central..................... 125.4 127.5 128.5 .7 .3 .8 .5 2.4 2.5
Midwest.................................. 126.4 128.1 129.4 .9 .5 1.0 3.2 2.2 2.4
East North Central..................... 124.5 126.5 127.9 .9 .5 1.1 3.1 2.5 2.7
West North Central..................... 131.0 132.1 133.2 .9 .4 .8 3.6 1.8 1.7
West..................................... 129.8 132.9 134.6 .9 .5 1.3 3.2 3.3 3.7
Mountain............................... 128.0 130.8 132.5 .8 .6 1.3 2.9 3.0 3.5
Pacific................................ 130.7 133.8 135.5 .9 .5 1.3 3.3 3.3 3.7
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota;
Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 124.7 126.7 127.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 2.2 2.1 1.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 124.0 125.9 126.2 .5 .4 .2 2.1 2.0 1.8
Professional and related............... 123.8 125.7 126.0 .4 .4 .2 2.1 1.9 1.8
Sales and office......................... 124.6 126.2 126.6 .6 .6 .3 2.1 1.9 1.6
Office and administrative support...... 125.0 126.6 127.0 .6 .6 .3 2.1 1.9 1.6
Service occupations...................... 127.2 129.3 130.0 .6 .5 .5 2.3 2.2 2.2
Industry
Education and health services............ 123.9 125.8 126.1 .4 .3 .2 2.1 1.9 1.8
Educational services................... 123.4 125.2 125.5 .4 .2 .2 2.2 1.9 1.7
Schools.............................. 123.4 125.2 125.5 .4 .3 .2 2.2 1.9 1.7
Elementary and secondary schools... 122.6 124.6 124.9 .2 .2 .2 2.0 1.9 1.9
Health care and social assistance...... 128.1 130.6 131.3 .4 .7 .5 1.8 2.4 2.5
Hospitals............................ 127.1 129.7 130.2 .4 .7 .4 2.1 2.4 2.4
Public administration.................... 125.9 127.7 128.3 .8 .6 .5 2.4 2.2 1.9
Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group, industry, and
bargaining status 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 132.2 134.4 135.7 0.8 0.3 1.0 2.2 2.5 2.6
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 128.4 130.2 131.6 .9 .2 1.1 1.9 2.3 2.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 127.4 129.1 130.6 1.1 .2 1.2 1.8 2.5 2.5
Sales and office......................... 129.3 130.8 132.4 .7 .0 1.2 2.0 1.9 2.4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 130.5 132.9 133.5 .5 .4 .5 1.6 2.3 2.3
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 128.8 131.4 132.6 .7 .3 .9 2.0 2.7 3.0
Service occupations...................... 128.3 129.7 131.3 .9 .4 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.3
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 125.4 128.0 129.0 .4 .3 .8 1.5 2.5 2.9
Manufacturing.......................... 125.0 128.0 129.1 .6 .2 .9 1.5 3.0 3.3
Aircraft manufacturing............... 92.9 118.3 122.2 3.7 .1 3.3 1.4 32.0 31.5
Service-providing industries(3).......... 129.6 131.2 132.7 1.0 .2 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.4
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 137.4 140.6 141.7 1.0 .5 .8 1.8 3.3 3.1
Nonunion................................. 126.6 128.2 129.6 .9 .2 1.1 1.9 2.2 2.4
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 146.0 149.7 150.4 .7 .7 .5 3.1 3.2 3.0
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,(1) and wages and salaries,
for private industry workers, by area
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Percent changes for 12-months ended–
Census region and metropolitan area(2) Total compensation Wages and salaries
Mar. Dec. Mar. Mar. Dec. Mar.
2017 2017 2018 2017 2017 2018
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA... 2.6 2.4 2.0 3.0 2.2 1.7
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA
CSA..................................... 2.9 2.4 2.8 3.2 2.4 3.1
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD
CSA..................................... 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.7
South
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL
CSA..................................... 2.8 1.4 1.1 3.0 1.5 1.7
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA................ 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.2 2.2
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA....... 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.3
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
MSA..................................... 3.2 2.2 2.4 3.1 2.3 2.7
Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,
DC-MD-VA-WV CSA......................... 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.8
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI CSA............................ 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.9
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA............. 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.5 3.2 2.8
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA 2.9 1.4 3.5 2.9 1.1 3.9
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA 2.5 3.7 3.2 2.7 3.3 3.1
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA.......... 2.8 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.1 4.0
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA... 3.0 3.4 4.4 3.3 3.6 4.9
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA........... 2.4 6.9 7.2 3.6 3.4 3.6
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and
others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). For more information on
metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and
Micropolitan Statistical Areas page, on the Internet at
www.census.gov/programs-surveys/metro-micro.html.
United States Department of Labor
