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Economic News Release
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Employment Cost Index News Release

NEWS RELEASE
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR    

TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL				 USDL-17-0478
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 28, 2017			
									
Technical information:	(202) 691-6199	ncsinfo@bls.gov	 www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902	pressoffice@bls.gov


                               EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – MARCH 2017


Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.8 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month 
period ending in March 2017, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and 
salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.8 percent, and benefits
(which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.7 percent. (See tables A, 1, 2, 
and 3.)

Civilian Workers

Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.4 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
March 2017. In March 2016, compensation costs increased 1.9 percent. Wages and salaries 
increased 2.5 percent for the current 12-month period and increased 2.0 percent for the 12-month 
period ending in March 2016. Benefit costs increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending 
in March 2017. In March 2016, the increase was 1.7 percent. (See tables A, 4, 8, and 12.)

Private Industry Workers

Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.3 percent over the year. In March 2016, 
the increase was 1.8 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.6 percent for the current 12-month 
period. In March 2016, the increase was 2.0 percent. The cost of benefits rose 1.9 percent for the 
12-month period ending in March 2017, higher than the 1.2 percent increase in March 2016. (See 
tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)

Employer costs for health benefits increased 1.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
March 2017. (For further information, see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)

Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month 
period ending in March 2017 ranged from 2.0 percent for management, professional, and related 
occupations to 3.4 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)

Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current 
12-month period ranged from 1.5 percent for professional and business services to 4.3 percent for 
leisure and hospitality. (See table 5.)

State and Local Government Workers

Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.6	percent for the 12-month 
period ending in March 2017. In March 2016, the increase was 2.4 percent. Wages and salaries 
increased 2.2 percent for the 12-month period ending in March 2017, higher than the March 2016 
increase of 1.8 percent. Benefit costs increased 3.1 percent for the 12-month period ending in 
March 2017. The prior year’s increase was 3.5 percent. (See tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
__________________________



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
 
Table A.  Major series of the Employment Cost Index
(Percent change)

Category                     3-month,                               12-month,
                       seasonally adjusted                   not seasonally adjusted
                         Dec.       Mar.           Mar.     June      Sept.     Dec.     Mar.
                         2016       2017           2016     2016      2016      2016     2017
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
   CIVILIAN WORKERS[1]

Compensation[2]          0.5        0.8            1.9      2.3       2.3       2.2      2.4
Wages and salaries       0.5        0.8            2.0      2.5       2.4       2.3      2.5
Benefits                 0.5        0.7            1.7      2.0       2.3       2.1      2.2

   PRIVATE INDUSTRY

Compensation[2]          0.5        0.8            1.8      2.4       2.3       2.2      2.3
Wages and salaries       0.5        0.9            2.0      2.6       2.4       2.3      2.6
Benefits                 0.4        0.6            1.2      1.7       1.8       1.8      1.9

   STATE AND LOCAL
     GOVERNMENT

Compensation[2]          0.6        0.6            2.4      2.3       2.6       2.4      2.6
Wages and salaries       0.5        0.6            1.8      1.7       2.0       2.1      2.2
Benefits                 0.7        0.8            3.5      3.4       3.7       3.1      3.1
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

  [1] Includes private industry and state and local government.
  [2] Includes wages and salaries and benefits.


The Employment Cost Index for June 2017 is scheduled for release on
Friday, July 28, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Voice phone:  (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:  (800) 877-8339.

BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an email subscription service at 
www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.

                                                      TECHNICAL NOTE
  
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of 
employment shifts among occupations and industries. Detailed information on survey concepts, coverage, 
methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation can be found in the BLS Handbook of Methods, 
Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.

Sample size

Data for the March 2017 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 
27,900 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,700 private industry establishments 
and approximately 8,100 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,400 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

Standard errors

To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors 
of all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are made available shortly after 
publication of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate 
to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For further information 
see www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm.

Health insurance data

Data from the ECI that provide 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance in private 
industry are available at www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.

Historical listings

Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included among 
these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses the 
Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Census of Population series through 2005 and the North 
American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the 
present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI in 1975 through the current 
quarter. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article 
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are published in a 
separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). These releases are 
issued 3 months after the reference period. The ECEC release dates are available at 
www.bls.gov/schedule/2017/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at 
www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the 
fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from 
those in the ECI. For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the 
ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-ndex.htm.
 

   
   Table 1.  Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry
   
     (Seasonally adjusted) 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                Indexes (Dec.               Percent changes for 3-months ended–             
                                                 2005 = 100)                                                                
          Occupational group and industry                                                                                   
                                                                                                                            
                                                 Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   June   Sep.   Dec.   Mar.   June   Sep.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                 2016   2017   2015   2015   2015   2015   2016   2016   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                 Civilian workers                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
    All workers(2).............................  128.0  129.0    0.7    0.2    0.6    0.6    0.6    0.6    0.6    0.5    0.8
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
      Goods-producing industries(3)............  125.9  126.6     .6     .7     .4     .7     .5     .6     .3     .6     .6
        Manufacturing..........................  125.7  126.3     .7     .6     .5     .7     .6     .6     .6     .5     .5
                                                                                                                            
      Service-providing industries(4)..........  128.6  129.6     .6     .1     .6     .5     .6     .6     .6     .5     .8
        Education and health services..........  128.7  129.5     .5     .6     .4     .6     .4     .6     .7     .5     .6
          Educational services.................  129.2  130.1     .7     .6     .5     .7     .5     .6     .8     .6     .7
            Elementary and secondary schools...  129.0  129.8     .6     .6     .5     .9     .5     .6     .9     .5     .6
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                                      
             universities, and professional                                                                                 
             schools...........................  129.4  130.4     .6     .6     .6     .4     .3     .6     .5     .7     .8
          Health care and social assistance(5)   128.3  129.0     .5     .4     .4     .5     .4     .6     .5     .5     .5
            Hospitals..........................  129.1  129.8     .5     .5     .4     .6     .5     .6     .5     .7     .5
            Nursing and residential care                                                                                    
             facilities........................  125.0  125.6     .5     .5     .6     .4     .7     .7     .6     .6     .5
        Public administration..................  132.2  133.3     .3     .6     .6     .6     .6     .5     .7     .5     .8
                                                                                                                            
             Private industry workers                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
    All workers................................  127.3  128.3     .7     .0     .6     .5     .6     .6     .5     .5     .8
                                                                                                                            
                Occupational group                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
      Management, professional, and related....  127.6  128.5     .6     .2     .6     .5     .5     .3     .5     .5     .7
        Management, business, and financial....  128.5  129.5     .6     .2     .8     .6     .5     .2     .6     .7     .8
        Professional and related...............  126.9  127.7     .5     .2     .3     .6     .5     .3     .4     .2     .6
                                                                                                                            
      Sales and office.........................  127.1  128.2    1.1    -.7     .8     .6     .8    1.0     .2     .3     .9
        Sales and related......................  122.4  124.0    2.1   -2.3    1.0     .3     .7    1.3    -.2    -.2    1.3
        Office and administrative support......  130.5  131.2     .3     .6     .6     .7     .9     .6     .7     .6     .5
                                                                                                                            
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                  
       maintenance.............................  127.8  128.5     .2     .3     .4     .5     .6     .6     .4     .6     .5
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                                  
         fishing, and forestry.................  128.3  129.4     .3     .5     .6     .4     .7     .7     .3     .8     .9
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..  127.3  127.6     .2     .1     .3     .5     .3     .5     .5     .5     .2
                                                                                                                            
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                              
       moving..................................  127.2  128.2     .7     .6     .5     .7     .7     .6     .6     .7     .8
        Production.............................  125.6  126.4     .8     .5     .6     .7     .7     .6     .6     .5     .6
        Transportation and material moving.....  129.4  130.6     .7     .6     .5     .5     .9     .6     .7     .9     .9
                                                                                                                            
      Service occupations......................  127.3  128.5     .7     .2     .4     .6     .8    1.0     .7     .7     .9
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
      Goods-producing industries(3)............  125.8  126.6     .6     .6     .5     .7     .6     .6     .4     .6     .6
        Construction...........................  125.6  126.9     .3     .7     .6     .7     .5     .7     .0     .7    1.0
        Manufacturing..........................  125.7  126.3     .7     .6     .5     .7     .6     .6     .6     .5     .5
          Aircraft manufacturing...............  113.5  115.2     .3     .4    -.5     .4    1.7     .6    -.9    1.2    1.5
                                                                                                                            
      Service-providing industries(6)..........  127.8  128.8     .7    -.1     .6     .5     .6     .6     .6     .4     .8
        Trade, transportation, and utilities...  128.8  130.1     .2     .6    1.0     .2    1.1     .6     .5     .5    1.0
          Retail trade.........................  129.3  130.5     .4    1.0     .9     .7    1.4     .7     .7     .7     .9
          Transportation and warehousing.......  131.1  131.8     .4     .8     .6     .4    1.2     .5     .6    1.1     .5
          Utilities............................  138.5  139.2    1.1     .6     .9     .6     .6     .5     .7     .9     .5
        Information............................  125.5  125.9    1.0   -3.6     .7     .3     .7     .1     .8     .5     .3
        Financial activities...................  127.7  128.0     .8     .6     .1     .8     .2     .8    1.2     .6     .2
          Finance and insurance................  127.9  128.2     .7     .7     .1     .9     .1     .8    1.4     .6     .2
            Credit intermediation and related                                                                               
             activities........................  127.1  127.9     .7     .7     .5     .5     .6     .5    1.4     .6     .6
            Insurance carriers and related                                                                                  
             activities........................  129.7  130.9     .8     .4     .4    1.3     .4     .7    1.2     .2     .9
          Real estate and rental and leasing...  126.7  127.0    1.4     .2     .2     .2    1.0     .7     .8     .7     .2
        Professional and business services.....  128.2  129.3    1.3   -1.0    1.0     .6     .6     .4     .2     .2     .9
          Professional, scientific, and                                                                                     
           technical services..................  130.5  131.6    1.9   -1.8    1.0     .5     .6     .5     .2     .2     .8
          Administrative and support and waste                                                                              
           management and remediation services   124.6  125.5     .2    -.2    1.0     .7     .6     .1     .2    -.5     .7
        Education and health services..........  127.8  128.5     .5     .4     .3     .5     .4     .6     .5     .5     .5
          Educational services.................  128.4  129.2     .6     .2     .3     .5     .5     .6     .2     .8     .6
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                                      
             universities, and professional                                                                                 
             schools...........................  129.4  130.2     .6     .4     .4     .5     .3     .5     .4     .7     .6
          Health care and social assistance(5)   127.6  128.4     .3     .5     .3     .5     .4     .6     .5     .4     .6
            Hospitals..........................  128.8  129.6     .5     .6     .3     .6     .4     .6     .6     .7     .6
            Nursing and residential care                                                                                    
             facilities........................  123.6  124.2     .3     .6     .5     .3     .7     .7     .7     .7     .5
        Leisure and hospitality................  126.0  128.4     .6     .5    -.1     .8    1.0     .9     .8     .6    1.9
          Accommodation and food services......  126.9  129.2     .6     .2     .1     .9    1.1    1.0    1.0     .6    1.8
        Other services, except public                                                                                       
         administration........................  128.5  129.1    1.1     .6     .5     .5     .1     .9     .9     .7     .5
                                                                                                                            
        State and local government workers                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
    All workers................................  131.0  131.8     .6     .6     .6     .7     .5     .5     .8     .6     .6
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
        Education and health services..........  129.8  130.6     .6     .6     .6     .8     .5     .5     .9     .5     .6
          Educational services.................  129.4  130.3     .7     .7     .6     .7     .5     .6     .9     .5     .7
            Schools............................  129.4  130.2     .7     .6     .6     .8     .5     .6     .9     .6     .6
              Elementary and secondary schools   129.3  130.1     .6     .7     .5     .9     .6     .6     .9     .5     .6
          Health care and social assistance(5)   133.0  133.3     .7     .4     .5     .8     .6     .5     .5     .6     .2
            Hospitals..........................  130.6  130.8     .4     .4     .6     .6     .6     .6     .5     .6     .2
        Public administration..................  132.2  133.3     .3     .6     .6     .6     .6     .5     .7     .5     .8

      1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
      2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
    sector, except the federal government.
      3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
    information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
    of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
    assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public
    administration; and public administration.
      5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
      6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
    information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
    of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
    assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
    administration.

    Table 2.  Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry
    
    (Seasonally adjusted)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                Indexes (Dec.               Percent changes for 3-months ended–             
                                                 2005 = 100)                                                                
          Occupational group and industry                                                                                   
                                                                                                                            
                                                 Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   June   Sep.   Dec.   Mar.   June   Sep.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                 2016   2017   2015   2015   2015   2015   2016   2016   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                 Civilian workers                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
    All workers(1).............................  126.6  127.6    0.7    0.2    0.6    0.6    0.6    0.6    0.5    0.5    0.8
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
      Goods-producing industries(2)............  126.2  127.1     .6     .7     .6     .7     .6     .6     .5     .6     .7
        Manufacturing..........................  126.4  127.1     .7     .7     .6     .7     .6     .6     .6     .6     .6
                                                                                                                            
      Service-providing industries(3)..........  126.8  127.8     .7     .2     .6     .5     .6     .6     .6     .5     .8
        Education and health services..........  125.3  126.1     .5     .5     .3     .5     .5     .6     .5     .5     .6
          Educational services.................  123.5  124.2     .5     .5     .3     .4     .5     .5     .6     .5     .6
            Elementary and secondary schools...  122.3  122.9     .4     .5     .3     .4     .4     .6     .5     .5     .5
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                                      
             universities, and professional                                                                                 
             schools...........................  125.4  126.4     .6     .7     .4     .3     .4     .6     .6     .6     .8
          Health care and social assistance(4)   127.3  128.1     .4     .5     .4     .5     .5     .6     .6     .4     .6
            Hospitals..........................  128.0  128.8     .4     .6     .5     .5     .6     .6     .6     .7     .6
            Nursing and residential care                                                                                    
             facilities........................  123.9  124.8     .6     .7     .6     .4     .6     .7     .7     .7     .7
        Public administration..................  124.9  125.8     .4     .5     .5     .3     .5     .6     .6     .5     .7
                                                                                                                            
             Private industry workers                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
    All workers................................  127.2  128.3     .7     .2     .7     .6     .6     .7     .5     .5     .9
                                                                                                                            
                Occupational group                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
      Management, professional, and related....  128.2  129.0     .5     .6     .6     .6     .6     .3     .5     .5     .6
        Management, business, and financial....  129.3  130.0     .5     .6    1.0     .6     .7     .2     .5     .9     .5
        Professional and related...............  127.4  128.2     .5     .5     .4     .6     .6     .4     .5     .2     .7
                                                                                                                            
      Sales and office.........................  126.5  127.9    1.5   -1.1     .9     .5     .7    1.0     .2     .3    1.1
        Sales and related......................  122.4  124.3    3.0   -3.2    1.2     .2     .5    1.5    -.5    -.2    1.5
        Office and administrative support......  129.7  130.6     .4     .6     .6     .8    1.0     .6     .7     .8     .7
                                                                                                                            
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                  
       maintenance.............................  126.8  127.7     .3     .7     .4     .4     .7     .7     .3     .8     .7
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                                  
         fishing, and forestry.................  126.9  128.1     .2     .4     .6     .4     .9     .9     .2    1.0    1.0
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..  126.8  127.2     .3     .9     .2     .5     .4     .6     .6     .5     .3
                                                                                                                            
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                              
       moving..................................  126.8  128.0     .6     .7     .5     .7     .7     .8     .7     .8     .9
        Production.............................  125.5  126.4     .5     .6     .6     .7     .7     .8     .7     .6     .7
        Transportation and material moving.....  128.3  129.7     .7     .7     .4     .6     .9     .9     .6    1.0    1.1
                                                                                                                            
      Service occupations(5)...................  127.2  128.6     .7     .0     .4     .6    1.0    1.0     .9     .7    1.1
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
      Goods-producing industries(2)............  126.2  127.2     .6     .7     .6     .7     .6     .6     .5     .6     .8
        Construction...........................  125.1  126.4     .5     .6     .7     .7     .5     .7     .0     .9    1.1
        Manufacturing..........................  126.4  127.1     .7     .7     .6     .7     .6     .6     .6     .6     .6
          Aircraft manufacturing...............  135.7  136.6     .9     .6     .7     .6     .5     .8     .5     .8     .7
                                                                                                                            
      Service-providing industries(6)..........  127.6  128.6     .7     .1     .6     .5     .7     .6     .6     .5     .8
        Trade, transportation, and utilities...  127.2  129.1     .3     .4    1.1     .2     .9     .8     .3     .5    1.5
          Retail trade.........................  129.0  130.8     .5    1.1     .8     .7    1.0     .8     .6     .7    1.4
          Transportation and warehousing.......  129.5  130.6     .4     .7     .5     .5    1.2     .9     .6    1.3     .9
          Utilities............................  135.5  136.6     .8     .5     .6     .5     .6     .5     .8     .9     .8
        Information............................  125.1  125.1     .5     .5     .7     .4    1.1     .6     .9     .6     .0
        Financial activities...................  128.5  128.3     .8     .5     .1     .9     .3    1.0    1.2     .8    -.2
          Finance and insurance................  129.2  129.0     .7     .5     .1    1.0     .1    1.0    1.3     .7    -.2
            Credit intermediation and related                                                                               
             activities........................  125.5  126.2     .7     .6     .6     .5     .6     .5    1.1     .6     .5
            Insurance carriers and related                                                                                  
             activities........................  129.7  130.3     .7     .2     .6    1.5     .6    1.0    1.4     .3     .5
        Professional and business services.....  128.5  129.4    1.5   -1.2    1.3     .6     .7     .4     .2     .2     .7
          Professional, scientific, and                                                                                     
           technical services..................  130.8  131.7    2.5   -2.3    1.3     .5     .9     .5     .0     .2     .7
          Administrative and support and waste                                                                              
           management and remediation services   125.3  126.3     .1     .4    1.1     .7     .7     .2     .2    -.5     .8
        Education and health services..........  127.3  128.1     .5     .4     .4     .4     .6     .6     .4     .6     .6
          Educational services.................  127.2  127.9     .6     .2     .3     .4     .6     .7     .2     .9     .6
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                                      
             universities, and professional                                                                                 
             schools...........................  127.4  128.2     .5     .3     .4     .3     .4     .6     .5     .8     .6
          Health care and social assistance(4)   127.3  128.1     .4     .5     .3     .5     .5     .6     .6     .4     .6
            Hospitals..........................  128.3  129.1     .4     .6     .5     .6     .5     .7     .6     .7     .7
            Nursing and residential care                                                                                    
             facilities........................  123.8  124.8     .5     .7     .7     .3     .7     .7     .7     .7     .8
        Leisure and hospitality................  127.6  130.0     .7     .5    -.2     .9    1.0    1.0     .9     .7    1.9
          Accommodation and food services......  128.5  130.8     .7     .2     .1     .9    1.1    1.2    1.0     .8    1.8
        Other services, except public                                                                                       
         administration........................  129.1  129.4    1.0     .6     .6     .5     .2    1.0     .9     .8     .3
                                                                                                                            
        State and local government workers                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
    All workers................................  124.0  124.8     .5     .5     .3     .4     .5     .5     .6     .5     .6
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
        Education and health services..........  123.3  124.0     .5     .6     .3     .4     .4     .5     .6     .5     .6
          Educational services.................  122.8  123.5     .5     .5     .3     .4     .4     .5     .7     .4     .6
            Schools............................  122.8  123.5     .5     .6     .3     .4     .4     .5     .6     .5     .6
              Elementary and secondary schools   122.1  122.7     .4     .5     .3     .4     .4     .5     .7     .3     .5
          Health care and social assistance(4)   127.5  128.0     .6     .4     .5     .7     .4     .5     .4     .6     .4
            Hospitals..........................  126.5  127.0     .2     .5     .5     .5     .5     .6     .4     .6     .4
        Public administration..................  124.9  125.8     .4     .5     .5     .3     .5     .6     .6     .5     .7

      1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
    sector, except the federal government.
      2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
    information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
    of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
    assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public
    administration; and public administration.
      4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
      5 The service occupations wages and salaries series is seasonal as of the 2017 revision. The seasonally adjusted
    series was first published with the 2011 revision and the series continued to be seasonally adjusted until the 2015
    revision when it was discontinued for 2015, as no identifiable seasonality was found for this series.  Historical data
    for this series is published beginning with March 2006.
      6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
    information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
    of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
    assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
    administration.

    Table 3.  Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry
                                                                                                                            
    (Seasonally adjusted)
    
                                                Indexes (Dec.               Percent changes for 3-months ended–             
                                                 2005 = 100)                                                                
          Occupational group and industry                                                                                   
                                                                                                                            
                                                 Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   June   Sep.   Dec.   Mar.   June   Sep.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                 2016   2017   2015   2015   2015   2015   2016   2016   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                 Civilian workers                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
    All workers(1).............................  131.3  132.2    0.6    0.1    0.5    0.6    0.5    0.5    0.6    0.5    0.7
                                                                                                                            
             Private industry workers                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
    All workers................................  127.5  128.3     .6    -.2     .5     .4     .5     .4     .5     .4     .6
                                                                                                                            
                Occupational group                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
      Management, professional, and related....  126.3  127.2     .6    -.6     .3     .4     .1     .3     .4     .4     .7
                                                                                                                            
      Sales and office.........................  128.6  129.1     .1     .2     .6     .5    1.1     .6     .6     .2     .4
                                                                                                                            
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                                  
       maintenance.............................  130.1  130.4     .2    -.5     .6     .5     .2     .3     .4     .5     .2
                                                                                                                            
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                              
       moving..................................  128.1  128.8    1.0     .6     .6     .5     .6     .3     .6     .5     .5
                                                                                                                            
      Service occupations......................  127.3  128.1     .4     .3     .5     .5     .6     .6     .6     .5     .6
                                                                                                                            
                     Industry                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
      Goods-producing industries(2)............  124.9  125.4     .5     .5     .2     .7     .3     .4     .3     .3     .4
        Manufacturing..........................  124.4  125.0     .8     .6     .1     .8     .4     .4     .4     .2     .5
                                                                                                                            
      Service-providing industries(3)..........  128.5  129.5     .6    -.4     .5     .3     .6     .3     .6     .3     .8
                                                                                                                            
        State and local government workers                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
    All workers................................  144.9  146.0     .7     .8     .8    1.2     .6     .6    1.1     .7     .8

      1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
    sector, except the federal government.
      2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
    information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
    of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
    assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
    administration.

    Table 4.  Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and
    industry
                                                                                                                 
    (Not seasonally adjusted)
    
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
          Occupational group and industry                                  3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
                 Civilian workers                                                                                
                                                                                                                 
    All workers(2).............................  126.0   127.9   129.0     0.7    0.3    0.9    1.9    2.2    2.4
        Excluding incentive paid occupations(3)  126.2   128.2   129.3      .7     .4     .9    2.1    2.3    2.5
                                                                                                                 
                Occupational group                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Management, professional, and related....  126.4   128.1   129.1      .6     .3     .8    2.0    1.9    2.1
        Management, business, and financial....  126.7   128.7   129.7      .6     .5     .8    2.1    2.1    2.4
        Professional and related...............  126.2   127.8   128.7      .5     .2     .7    1.9    1.8    2.0
                                                                                                                 
      Sales and office.........................  125.6   127.4   128.6     1.0     .1     .9    1.5    2.4    2.4
        Sales and related......................  120.9   122.3   123.7      .6    -.4    1.1    -.4    1.7    2.3
        Office and administrative support......  128.4   130.5   131.6     1.1     .4     .8    2.7    2.8    2.5
                                                                                                                 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                       
       maintenance.............................  126.1   128.1   128.9      .6     .5     .6    1.8    2.2    2.2
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                       
         fishing, and forestry.................  126.1   128.6   129.4      .6     .8     .6    2.3    2.6    2.6
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..  126.2   127.7   128.3      .6     .2     .5    1.4    1.8    1.7
                                                                                                                 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                   
       moving..................................  125.1   127.5   128.6      .8     .6     .9    2.5    2.7    2.8
        Production.............................  123.5   125.7   126.7      .7     .6     .8    2.5    2.5    2.6
        Transportation and material moving.....  127.1   129.6   131.1     1.0     .5    1.2    2.5    2.9    3.1
                                                                                                                 
      Service occupations......................  126.3   129.1   130.3      .9     .5     .9    2.1    3.1    3.2
                                                                                                                 
                     Industry                                                                                    
                                                                                                                 
      Goods-producing industries(4)............  123.8   125.8   126.5      .5     .5     .6    2.2    2.1    2.2
        Manufacturing..........................  123.7   125.5   126.4      .7     .3     .7    2.4    2.2    2.2
                                                                                                                 
      Service-providing industries(5)..........  126.3   128.3   129.4      .7     .3     .9    1.8    2.3    2.5
        Education and health services..........  126.5   128.7   129.4      .4     .4     .5    2.0    2.1    2.3
          Educational services.................  126.5   129.2   129.8      .2     .5     .5    2.3    2.4    2.6
            Elementary and secondary schools...  126.2   129.0   129.5      .3     .4     .4    2.5    2.5    2.6
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                           
             universities, and professional                                                                      
             schools...........................  127.0   129.5   130.4      .2     .5     .7    2.0    2.2    2.7
          Health care and social assistance(6)   126.5   128.3   129.1      .6     .5     .6    1.8    2.0    2.1
            Hospitals..........................  126.8   129.1   129.8      .6     .7     .5    1.9    2.4    2.4
            Nursing and residential care                                                                         
             facilities........................  122.8   124.9   125.7      .8     .6     .6    2.2    2.5    2.4
        Public administration..................  130.0   132.0   133.2      .7     .2     .9    2.4    2.2    2.5

      1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
      2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
    public sector, except the federal government.
      3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
      4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
    services, except public administration; and public administration.
      6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

    Table 5.    Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational
    group and industry
                                                                                                                   
     (Not seasonally adjusted)
     
                                                    Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                            100)                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
           Occupational group and industry                                   3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                   Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                    2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                           Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                           2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
              Private industry workers                                                                             
                                                                                                                   
    All workers..................................  125.4   127.2   128.3     0.7    0.3    0.9    1.8    2.2    2.3
        Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)..  125.7   127.5   128.7      .9     .4     .9    2.1    2.3    2.4
                                                                                                                   
                 Occupational group                                                                                
                                                                                                                   
      Management, professional, and related......  126.0   127.4   128.5      .6     .2     .9    1.8    1.7    2.0
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  125.6   126.9   128.0      .7     .2     .9    1.7    1.8    1.9
        Management, business, and financial......  126.5   128.4   129.5      .6     .5     .9    2.1    2.1    2.4
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  125.9   127.8   129.0      .7     .6     .9    1.6    2.2    2.5
        Professional and related.................  125.7   126.7   127.8      .6     .0     .9    1.6    1.4    1.7
                                                                                                                   
      Sales and office...........................  125.1   126.8   128.1     1.0     .1    1.0    1.4    2.3    2.4
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  126.9   129.2   130.4     1.2     .5     .9    2.9    3.0    2.8
        Sales and related........................  120.8   122.2   123.6      .6    -.4    1.1    -.4    1.7    2.3
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  124.5   127.0   128.4     1.2     .4    1.1    3.1    3.3    3.1
        Office and administrative support........  128.1   130.2   131.4     1.2     .5     .9    2.8    2.8    2.6
                                                                                                                   
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                         
       maintenance...............................  125.7   127.7   128.5      .6     .5     .6    1.7    2.2    2.2
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                         
         fishing, and forestry...................  125.8   128.4   129.2      .6     .9     .6    2.2    2.6    2.7
        Installation, maintenance, and repair....  125.6   127.1   127.7      .6     .2     .5    1.2    1.8    1.7
                                                                                                                   
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                     
       moving....................................  124.7   127.0   128.3      .8     .5    1.0    2.5    2.7    2.9
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  125.0   127.2   128.5      .9     .5    1.0    2.7    2.7    2.8
        Production...............................  123.4   125.5   126.5      .7     .4     .8    2.5    2.4    2.5
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  123.6   125.8   126.7      .7     .5     .7    2.5    2.5    2.5
        Transportation and material moving.......  126.6   129.1   130.6     1.0     .5    1.2    2.5    3.0    3.2
                                                                                                                   
      Service occupations........................  124.4   127.2   128.6     1.0     .6    1.1    2.0    3.2    3.4
                                                                                                                   
           Industry and occupational group                                                                         
                                                                                                                   
      Goods-producing industries(3)..............  123.8   125.8   126.5      .5     .5     .6    2.3    2.1    2.2
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  124.1   126.1   126.9      .6     .5     .6    2.2    2.3    2.3
          Management, professional, and related..  122.8   124.2   125.1      .6     .2     .7    2.1    1.7    1.9
          Sales and office.......................  125.1   127.3   127.2     -.2     .4    -.1    3.0    1.5    1.7
          Natural resources, construction, and                                                                     
           maintenance...........................  125.5   127.7   128.6      .6     .6     .7    2.3    2.3    2.5
          Production, transportation, and                                                                          
           material moving.......................  123.0   125.1   126.0      .7     .4     .7    2.3    2.4    2.4
                                                                                                                   
        Construction.............................  123.5   125.8   126.6      .1     .7     .6    2.3    1.9    2.5
                                                                                                                   
        Manufacturing............................  123.7   125.5   126.4      .7     .3     .7    2.4    2.2    2.2
            Management, professional, and related  123.8   125.3   126.4     1.0     .2     .9    2.2    2.2    2.1
            Sales and office.....................  126.5   128.5   129.0      .2     .3     .4    3.1    1.7    2.0
            Natural resources, construction, and                                                                   
             maintenance.........................  125.3   127.2   127.3      .6     .2     .1    2.5    2.2    1.6
            Production, transportation, and                                                                        
             material moving.....................  122.7   124.8   125.6      .7     .5     .6    2.3    2.4    2.4
                                                                                                                   
          Aircraft manufacturing.................  113.3   112.9   115.9     2.9     .8    2.7    1.8    2.5    2.3
                                                                                                                   
      Service-providing industries(4)............  125.9   127.7   128.9      .8     .3     .9    1.7    2.2    2.4
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(2)......................  126.2   128.0   129.3      .9     .3    1.0    2.0    2.3    2.5
          Management, professional, and related..  126.6   128.0   129.1      .6     .2     .9    1.7    1.7    2.0
          Sales and office.......................  125.1   126.8   128.2     1.1     .1    1.1    1.2    2.4    2.5
          Natural resources, construction, and                                                                     
           maintenance...........................  125.9   127.8   128.3      .5     .3     .4     .9    2.0    1.9
          Production, transportation, and                                                                          
           material moving.......................  127.0   129.5   131.0     1.1     .6    1.2    2.8    3.1    3.1
          Service occupations....................  124.4   127.2   128.6     1.0     .6    1.1    2.0    3.2    3.4
                                                                                                                   
        Trade, transportation, and utilities.....  126.7   128.5   130.1     1.4     .2    1.2    2.8    2.8    2.7
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  127.2   129.4   130.8     1.4     .5    1.1    3.2    3.2    2.8
          Wholesale trade........................  124.4   124.8   126.8      .8    -.2    1.6    1.0    1.1    1.9
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  126.5   128.1   129.2      .9     .2     .9    2.4    2.2    2.1
          Retail trade...........................  126.5   129.1   130.4     1.6     .5    1.0    4.1    3.7    3.1
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  125.4   128.1   129.6     1.8     .7    1.2    3.9    4.0    3.3
          Transportation and warehousing.........  128.3   130.7   132.0     1.6     .6    1.0    3.0    3.5    2.9
          Utilities..............................  135.8   137.8   139.3     1.1     .4    1.1    2.8    2.6    2.6
                                                                                                                   
        Information..............................  123.9   125.4   126.1     1.0     .3     .6   -1.7    2.2    1.8
                                                                                                                   
        Financial activities.....................  124.2   127.4   127.8      .3     .3     .3    1.6    2.9    2.9
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  125.9   127.8   129.0     1.0     .2     .9    2.2    2.5    2.5
          Finance and insurance..................  124.3   127.6   128.0      .2     .2     .3    1.7    2.8    3.0
            Credit intermediation and related                                                                      
             activities..........................  124.0   126.8   127.8      .7     .2     .8    2.2    3.0    3.1
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  128.2   130.2   132.0     1.2     .2    1.4    2.2    2.8    3.0
            Insurance carriers and related                                                                         
             activities..........................  126.9   129.5   130.8      .6     .0    1.0    2.6    2.7    3.1
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  126.8   128.4   129.8      .7     .1    1.1    2.2    2.0    2.4
          Real estate and rental and leasing.....  124.0   126.7   127.1     1.1     .6     .3    1.6    3.3    2.5
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(2)....................  127.5   129.8   130.2     1.0     .4     .3    1.8    2.9    2.1
                                                                                                                   
        Professional and business services.......  127.5   128.0   129.4      .8     .0    1.1    1.1    1.2    1.5
          Professional, scientific, and technical                                                                  
           services..............................  129.8   130.2   131.9     1.2     .2    1.3     .4    1.5    1.6
          Administrative and support and waste                                                                     
           management and remediation services...  124.6   124.6   125.3      .5    -.6     .6    2.0     .5     .6
                                                                                                                   
        Education and health services............  125.9   127.8   128.5      .4     .5     .5    1.7    1.9    2.1
          Educational services...................  126.1   128.6   129.0      .1     .6     .3    1.4    2.1    2.3
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                             
             universities, and professional                                                                        
             schools.............................  127.1   129.6   130.0      .1     .6     .3    1.6    2.0    2.3
          Health care and social assistance(5)...  125.9   127.6   128.5      .5     .4     .7    1.7    1.8    2.1
            Hospitals............................  126.4   128.7   129.6      .5     .7     .7    1.9    2.3    2.5
            Nursing and residential care                                                                           
             facilities..........................  121.2   123.5   124.3      .8     .7     .6    2.2    2.7    2.6
              Nursing care facilities(2).........  121.4   123.6   124.0      .5     .7     .3    2.3    2.3    2.1
                                                                                                                   
        Leisure and hospitality..................  123.2   125.8   128.5     1.1     .4    2.1    2.2    3.3    4.3
          Accommodation and food services........  123.7   126.6   129.3     1.3     .3    2.1    2.4    3.7    4.5
                                                                                                                   
        Other services, except public                                                                              
         administration..........................  125.5   128.2   129.2      .4     .2     .8    1.7    2.6    2.9

      1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
      2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
      3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
    other services, except public administration.
      5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

    Table 6.    Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining
    status and census region and division
                                                                                                                 
    (Not seasonally adjusted)
    
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
      Bargaining status and census region and                                                                    
                     division                                              3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
                 Bargaining status                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Union....................................  129.6   130.6   131.9     0.7    0.2    1.0    1.7    1.5    1.8
        Goods-producing industries(2)..........  125.9   128.0   128.4      .4     .7     .3    2.4    2.1    2.0
          Manufacturing........................  121.1   122.8   122.9      .6     .7     .1    2.5    2.0    1.5
        Service-providing industries(3)........  132.7   133.1   134.8     1.0    -.1    1.3    1.5    1.3    1.6
                                                                                                                 
      Nonunion.................................  124.7   126.6   127.8      .7     .2     .9    1.8    2.3    2.5
        Goods-producing industries(2)..........  123.2   125.1   125.9      .6     .4     .6    2.3    2.1    2.2
          Manufacturing........................  124.4   126.3   127.3      .7     .2     .8    2.3    2.3    2.3
        Service-providing industries(3)........  125.2   127.1   128.2      .8     .3     .9    1.7    2.3    2.4
                                                                                                                 
           Census region and division(4)                                                                         
                                                                                                                 
      Northeast................................  127.3   128.7   130.2     1.4     .4    1.2    1.6    2.5    2.3
        New England............................  131.2   131.1   132.7     2.7     .7    1.2     .5    2.7    1.1
        Middle Atlantic........................  125.9   127.8   129.3      .9     .3    1.2    2.0    2.4    2.7
                                                                                                                 
      South....................................  125.1   126.2   127.1      .4     .0     .7    1.5    1.3    1.6
        South Atlantic.........................  126.0   127.8   128.7      .3     .3     .7    1.4    1.8    2.1
        East South Central.....................  123.1   125.5   126.5      .6     .3     .8    2.0    2.5    2.8
        West South Central.....................  124.1   123.8   124.4      .4    -.6     .5    1.2     .2     .2
                                                                                                                 
      Midwest..................................  123.4   125.7   126.8      .7     .3     .9    1.8    2.6    2.8
        East North Central.....................  121.9   124.1   125.2      .7     .4     .9    1.4    2.5    2.7
        West North Central.....................  126.9   129.8   130.8      .9     .2     .8    2.6    3.2    3.1
                                                                                                                 
      West.....................................  126.2   128.6   129.9      .7     .5    1.0    2.5    2.6    2.9
        Mountain...............................  124.1   126.4   127.5      .1     .5     .9    1.8    1.9    2.7
        Pacific................................  127.1   129.6   130.9     1.0     .6    1.0    2.7    2.9    3.0

      1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
      2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
    other services, except public administration.
      4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
    Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
    Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
    West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
    Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
    Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota;
    Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
    California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

    Table 7.    Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for State and local government workers, by
    occupational group and industry
                                                                                                                 
     (Not seasonally adjusted)
     
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
          Occupational group and industry                                  3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
        State and local government workers                                                                       
                                                                                                                 
    All workers................................  128.4   130.9   131.7     0.5    0.5    0.6    2.4    2.4    2.6
                                                                                                                 
                Occupational group                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Management, professional, and related....  127.3   129.8   130.6      .4     .4     .6    2.4    2.4    2.6
        Professional and related...............  127.1   129.7   130.4      .3     .5     .5    2.3    2.4    2.6
                                                                                                                 
      Sales and office.........................  130.2   132.4   133.2      .8     .1     .6    2.4    2.5    2.3
        Office and administrative support......  130.2   132.4   133.3      .7     .0     .7    2.4    2.4    2.4
                                                                                                                 
      Service occupations......................  130.9   133.5   134.4      .7     .5     .7    2.4    2.7    2.7
                                                                                                                 
                     Industry                                                                                    
                                                                                                                 
      Education and health services............  127.1   129.8   130.4      .3     .4     .5    2.4    2.4    2.6
        Educational services...................  126.6   129.4   130.1      .2     .4     .5    2.4    2.5    2.8
          Schools(2)...........................  126.6   129.4   130.0      .3     .5     .5    2.4    2.5    2.7
            Elementary and secondary schools...  126.4   129.3   129.8      .2     .4     .4    2.5    2.5    2.7
        Health care and social assistance(3)...  130.9   132.8   133.3      .8     .5     .4    2.3    2.2    1.8
          Hospitals............................  128.3   130.5   130.9      .7     .5     .3    2.1    2.4    2.0
      Public administration....................  130.0   132.0   133.2      .7     .2     .9    2.4    2.2    2.5

      1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
      2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
    schools.
      3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

    Table 8.  Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
    industry
                                                                                                                 
    (Not seasonally adjusted)   
    
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
          Occupational group and industry                                  3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
                 Civilian workers                                                                                
                                                                                                                 
    All workers(1).............................  124.5   126.6   127.6     0.6    0.4    0.8    2.0    2.3    2.5
        Excluding incentive paid occupations(2)  124.5   126.7   127.7      .7     .5     .8    2.3    2.5    2.6
                                                                                                                 
                Occupational group                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Management, professional, and related....  125.0   126.8   127.6      .6     .3     .6    2.2    2.0    2.1
        Management, business, and financial....  126.5   128.7   129.3      .6     .6     .5    2.8    2.4    2.2
        Professional and related...............  124.2   125.7   126.6      .5     .1     .7    1.9    1.7    1.9
                                                                                                                 
      Sales and office.........................  124.2   126.0   127.4      .6     .1    1.1    1.1    2.1    2.6
        Sales and related......................  120.9   122.1   123.7      .2    -.5    1.3   -1.4    1.2    2.3
        Office and administrative support......  126.4   128.8   130.0     1.0     .5     .9    2.8    3.0    2.8
                                                                                                                 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                       
       maintenance.............................  124.3   126.6   127.4      .6     .6     .6    2.2    2.5    2.5
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                       
         fishing, and forestry.................  123.8   126.6   127.7      .7    1.0     .9    2.3    3.0    3.2
        Installation, maintenance, and repair..  124.8   126.7   127.3      .5     .2     .5    2.0    2.0    2.0
                                                                                                                 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                   
       moving..................................  123.9   126.7   128.0      .9     .7    1.0    2.6    3.2    3.3
        Production.............................  123.0   125.7   126.8      .7     .7     .9    2.5    2.9    3.1
        Transportation and material moving.....  125.0   127.9   129.5     1.1     .6    1.3    2.6    3.4    3.6
                                                                                                                 
      Service occupations......................  124.1   127.0   128.3      .9     .6    1.0    2.0    3.3    3.4
                                                                                                                 
                     Industry                                                                                    
                                                                                                                 
      Goods-producing industries(3)............  123.9   126.1   127.0      .6     .5     .7    2.6    2.4    2.5
        Manufacturing..........................  124.0   126.2   127.1      .8     .4     .7    2.6    2.6    2.5
                                                                                                                 
      Service-providing industries(4)..........  124.6   126.6   127.7      .6     .3     .9    1.9    2.3    2.5
        Education and health services..........  123.3   125.4   126.0      .3     .4     .5    1.8    2.0    2.2
          Educational services.................  121.4   123.7   124.1      .2     .4     .3    1.7    2.1    2.2
            Elementary and secondary schools...  120.3   122.4   122.7      .2     .2     .2    1.6    1.9    2.0
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                           
             universities, and professional                                                                      
             schools...........................  123.1   125.5   126.3      .2     .5     .6    1.8    2.1    2.6
          Health care and social assistance(5)   125.4   127.4   128.2      .5     .5     .6    1.9    2.1    2.2
            Hospitals..........................  125.6   128.0   128.8      .6     .7     .6    2.1    2.5    2.5
            Nursing and residential care                                                                         
             facilities........................  121.5   123.9   124.8      .7     .7     .7    2.3    2.7    2.7
        Public administration..................  123.0   124.9   125.9      .6     .4     .8    1.8    2.1    2.4

      1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
    public sector, except the federal government.
      2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
      3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
    services, except public administration; and public administration.
      5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

    Table 9.  Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and
    industry
                                                                                                                   
    (Not seasonally adjusted)
    
                                                    Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                            100)                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
           Occupational group and industry                                   3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                   Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                    2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                           Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                           2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
              Private industry workers                                                                             
                                                                                                                   
    All workers..................................  125.1   127.1   128.3     0.7    0.3    0.9    2.0    2.3    2.6
        Excluding incentive paid occupations(1)..  125.2   127.3   128.5      .8     .5     .9    2.5    2.5    2.6
                                                                                                                   
                 Occupational group                                                                                
                                                                                                                   
      Management, professional, and related......  126.4   128.1   129.0      .6     .3     .7    2.4    2.0    2.1
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  125.6   127.2   128.2      .7     .3     .8    2.2    2.0    2.1
        Management, business, and financial......  127.1   129.2   129.9      .7     .6     .5    3.0    2.4    2.2
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  125.9   128.0   128.9      .9     .6     .7    2.4    2.6    2.4
        Professional and related.................  126.0   127.2   128.2      .6     .0     .8    2.1    1.6    1.7
                                                                                                                   
      Sales and office...........................  124.4   126.2   127.7      .7     .1    1.2    1.0    2.2    2.7
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  126.0   128.5   129.9     1.0     .5    1.1    2.9    3.0    3.1
        Sales and related........................  121.0   122.2   123.8      .2    -.5    1.3   -1.4    1.2    2.3
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  124.2   127.0   128.5      .7     .5    1.2    2.7    3.0    3.5
        Office and administrative support........  127.1   129.5   130.7     1.2     .6     .9    3.1    3.1    2.8
                                                                                                                   
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                         
       maintenance...............................  124.3   126.7   127.5      .6     .6     .6    2.1    2.6    2.6
        Construction, extraction, farming,                                                                         
         fishing, and forestry...................  124.0   126.9   127.9      .7    1.0     .8    2.3    3.1    3.1
        Installation, maintenance, and repair....  124.8   126.6   127.2      .6     .2     .5    2.0    2.0    1.9
                                                                                                                   
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                     
       moving....................................  123.9   126.6   128.0      .9     .6    1.1    2.6    3.1    3.3
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  124.3   126.9   128.3     1.0     .6    1.1    2.8    3.1    3.2
        Production...............................  123.0   125.4   126.5      .8     .5     .9    2.6    2.8    2.8
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  123.2   125.6   126.8      .8     .5    1.0    2.7    2.8    2.9
        Transportation and material moving.......  125.1   128.1   129.7     1.1     .7    1.2    2.6    3.5    3.7
                                                                                                                   
      Service occupations........................  124.0   127.1   128.6     1.0     .6    1.2    2.0    3.5    3.7
                                                                                                                   
           Industry and occupational group                                                                         
                                                                                                                   
      Goods-producing industries(2)..............  123.9   126.2   127.1      .6     .6     .7    2.6    2.4    2.6
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  124.3   126.6   127.6      .7     .6     .8    2.5    2.6    2.7
          Management, professional, and related..  124.9   126.7   127.7      .6     .3     .8    2.6    2.1    2.2
          Sales and office.......................  125.1   127.5   127.3     -.3     .6    -.2    3.2    1.6    1.8
          Natural resources, construction, and                                                                     
           maintenance...........................  124.2   126.6   127.8      .7     .8     .9    2.4    2.7    2.9
          Production, transportation, and                                                                          
           material moving.......................  122.6   125.1   126.1      .7     .6     .8    2.4    2.8    2.9
                                                                                                                   
        Construction.............................  122.8   125.3   126.1      .1     .9     .6    2.6    2.1    2.7
                                                                                                                   
        Manufacturing............................  124.0   126.2   127.1      .8     .4     .7    2.6    2.6    2.5
            Management, professional, and related  125.4   127.3   128.3     1.0     .2     .8    2.6    2.6    2.3
            Sales and office.....................  126.0   128.1   128.7      .3     .4     .5    3.4    2.0    2.1
            Natural resources, construction, and                                                                   
             maintenance.........................  125.1   127.5   128.0      .5     .3     .4    2.5    2.4    2.3
            Production, transportation, and                                                                        
             material moving.....................  122.4   124.8   125.8      .8     .6     .8    2.5    2.8    2.8
                                                                                                                   
          Aircraft manufacturing.................  133.6   134.7   137.4     1.8     .1    2.0    2.4    2.6    2.8
                                                                                                                   
      Service-providing industries(3)............  125.5   127.4   128.6      .8     .2     .9    1.9    2.3    2.5
            Excluding incentive paid                                                                               
             occupations(1)......................  125.5   127.6   128.8      .9     .5     .9    2.4    2.6    2.6
          Management, professional, and related..  126.7   128.3   129.2      .6     .3     .7    2.4    1.9    2.0
          Sales and office.......................  124.3   126.1   127.7      .8     .0    1.3     .7    2.3    2.7
          Natural resources, construction, and                                                                     
           maintenance...........................  124.6   126.8   127.2      .6     .2     .3    2.0    2.3    2.1
          Production, transportation, and                                                                          
           material moving.......................  125.4   128.3   130.0     1.0     .6    1.3    2.7    3.4    3.7
          Service occupations....................  124.0   127.1   128.6     1.0     .6    1.2    2.0    3.5    3.7
                                                                                                                   
        Trade, transportation, and utilities.....  125.1   127.1   128.9     1.0     .3    1.4    2.5    2.6    3.0
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  125.1   127.7   129.3     1.1     .6    1.3    3.0    3.2    3.4
          Wholesale trade........................  121.9   121.9   124.3      .7    -.3    2.0     .7     .7    2.0
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  122.9   124.6   125.8      .7     .2    1.0    2.6    2.1    2.4
          Retail trade...........................  126.0   128.9   130.5      .9     .5    1.2    3.7    3.2    3.6
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  124.4   127.5   129.3      .9     .8    1.4    3.2    3.4    3.9
          Transportation and warehousing.........  126.1   129.1   130.6     1.5     .7    1.2    2.9    3.9    3.6
          Utilities..............................  132.8   135.0   136.7     1.1     .4    1.3    2.2    2.7    2.9
                                                                                                                   
        Information..............................  122.6   124.9   125.0     1.3     .4     .1    2.7    3.2    2.0
                                                                                                                   
        Financial activities.....................  124.6   128.2   128.2      .4     .5     .0    1.8    3.3    2.9
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  126.2   128.2   129.1     1.2     .4     .7    2.4    2.8    2.3
          Finance and insurance..................  125.2   128.8   128.8      .2     .3     .0    1.8    3.1    2.9
            Credit intermediation and related                                                                      
             activities..........................  122.7   125.2   126.1      .7     .3     .7    2.3    2.8    2.8
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  127.0   128.7   130.4     1.4     .3    1.3    2.3    2.7    2.7
            Insurance carriers and related                                                                         
             activities..........................  126.2   129.4   130.2      .8     .0     .6    2.9    3.4    3.2
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  125.4   127.4   128.4      .9     .2     .8    2.4    2.5    2.4
          Real estate and rental and leasing.....  122.3   125.4   125.6     1.2     .8     .2    1.8    3.8    2.7
              Excluding incentive paid                                                                             
               occupations(1)....................  126.1   128.6   128.9     1.2     .4     .2    2.0    3.2    2.2
                                                                                                                   
        Professional and business services.......  127.7   128.3   129.5      .9     .0     .9    1.3    1.3    1.4
          Professional, scientific, and technical                                                                  
           services..............................  130.2   130.4   132.1     1.4     .2    1.3     .4    1.6    1.5
          Administrative and support and waste                                                                     
           management and remediation services...  125.1   125.3   126.0      .5    -.7     .6    3.0     .6     .7
                                                                                                                   
        Education and health services............  125.2   127.3   128.1      .4     .5     .6    1.8    2.1    2.3
          Educational services...................  124.7   127.4   127.7      .2     .7     .2    1.5    2.3    2.4
            Junior colleges, colleges,                                                                             
             universities, and professional                                                                        
             schools.............................  124.9   127.7   128.0      .0     .8     .2    1.5    2.2    2.5
          Health care and social assistance(4)...  125.3   127.3   128.1      .5     .4     .6    1.8    2.1    2.2
            Hospitals............................  125.8   128.3   129.1      .5     .7     .6    2.1    2.5    2.6
            Nursing and residential care                                                                           
             facilities..........................  121.2   123.8   124.8      .7     .7     .8    2.4    2.8    3.0
              Nursing care facilities(1).........  121.4   123.9   124.5      .4     .6     .5    2.4    2.5    2.6
                                                                                                                   
        Leisure and hospitality..................  124.4   127.4   130.1     1.2     .4    2.1    2.2    3.7    4.6
          Accommodation and food services........  124.9   128.2   130.9     1.4     .4    2.1    2.4    4.1    4.8
                                                                                                                   
        Other services, except public                                                                              
         administration..........................  125.8   128.7   129.5      .5     .2     .6    1.9    2.8    2.9

      1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
      2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
    other services, except public administration.
      4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

    Table 10.  Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status
    and census region and division
    
    (Not seasonally adjusted)                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                 
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
      Bargaining status and census region and                                                                    
                     division                                              3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
                 Bargaining status                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Union....................................  126.4   127.3   128.6     0.7    0.1    1.0    2.2    1.4    1.7
        Goods-producing industries(1)..........  122.3   124.7   125.2      .3     .8     .4    2.0    2.3    2.4
          Manufacturing........................  120.2   122.3   122.7      .5     .7     .3    2.0    2.3    2.1
        Service-providing industries(2)........  129.1   129.4   131.0      .9    -.3    1.2    2.2    1.1    1.5
                                                                                                                 
      Nonunion.................................  125.0   127.1   128.2      .8     .4     .9    2.1    2.5    2.6
        Goods-producing industries(1)..........  124.3   126.6   127.5      .6     .6     .7    2.6    2.5    2.6
          Manufacturing........................  124.8   127.1   128.1      .8     .4     .8    2.7    2.7    2.6
        Service-providing industries(2)........  125.1   127.3   128.4      .7     .4     .9    1.9    2.5    2.6
                                                                                                                 
           Census region and division(3)                                                                         
                                                                                                                 
      Northeast................................  126.9   128.3   129.7     1.8     .5    1.1    1.8    2.9    2.2
        New England............................  132.9   132.1   134.1     3.5     .8    1.5    -.2    2.9     .9
        Middle Atlantic........................  124.6   126.9   128.0     1.1     .5     .9    2.5    2.9    2.7
                                                                                                                 
      South....................................  125.4   126.7   127.7      .3    -.1     .8    1.7    1.4    1.8
        South Atlantic.........................  126.4   128.3   129.2      .3     .3     .7    1.9    1.8    2.2
        East South Central.....................  123.0   125.5   126.7      .4     .2    1.0    2.3    2.4    3.0
        West South Central.....................  124.8   124.5   125.4      .4    -.8     .7    1.3     .2     .5
                                                                                                                 
      Midwest..................................  122.5   125.3   126.4      .6     .4     .9    2.3    2.9    3.2
        East North Central.....................  120.8   123.4   124.5      .6     .5     .9    2.0    2.7    3.1
        West North Central.....................  126.5   129.8   131.0      .6     .3     .9    2.8    3.2    3.6
                                                                                                                 
      West.....................................  125.8   128.7   129.8      .5     .6     .9    2.6    2.8    3.2
        Mountain...............................  124.4   127.0   128.0     -.4     .5     .8    1.6    1.7    2.9
        Pacific................................  126.5   129.5   130.7      .9     .7     .9    3.1    3.3    3.3

      1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
    other services, except public administration.
      3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
    Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
    Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
    West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
    Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
    Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota;
    Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
    California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

    Table 11.  Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by
    occupational group and industry
                                                                                                                 
     (Not seasonally adjusted)                                                                                                            
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
          Occupational group and industry                                  3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
        State and local government workers                                                                       
                                                                                                                 
    All workers................................  122.0   124.1   124.7     0.3    0.4    0.5    1.8    2.1    2.2
                                                                                                                 
                Occupational group                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Management, professional, and related....  121.4   123.4   124.0      .2     .3     .5    1.7    1.9    2.1
        Professional and related...............  121.2   123.3   123.8      .2     .3     .4    1.6    1.9    2.1
                                                                                                                 
      Sales and office.........................  122.0   123.8   124.6      .4     .2     .6    1.8    1.9    2.1
        Office and administrative support......  122.4   124.2   125.0      .4     .2     .6    1.8    1.9    2.1
                                                                                                                 
      Service occupations......................  124.3   126.5   127.2      .6     .6     .6    2.0    2.3    2.3
                                                                                                                 
                     Industry                                                                                    
                                                                                                                 
      Education and health services............  121.3   123.4   123.9      .2     .2     .4    1.8    2.0    2.1
        Educational services...................  120.8   122.9   123.4      .2     .2     .4    1.7    1.9    2.2
          Schools(1)...........................  120.8   122.9   123.4      .2     .2     .4    1.8    2.0    2.2
            Elementary and secondary schools...  120.2   122.3   122.6      .2     .2     .2    1.6    1.9    2.0
        Health care and social assistance(2)...  125.8   127.6   128.1      .5     .6     .4    2.0    1.9    1.8
          Hospitals............................  124.5   126.6   127.1      .5     .7     .4    2.0    2.2    2.1
      Public administration....................  123.0   124.9   125.9      .6     .4     .8    1.8    2.1    2.4

      1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
    schools.
      2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.

    Table 12.  Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status
    
    (Not seasonally adjusted) 
                                                                                                                 
                                                  Indexes (Dec. 2005 =             Percent changes for–          
                                                          100)                                                   
                                                                                                                 
         Occupational group, industry, and                                                                       
                 bargaining status                                         3-months ended–     12-months ended–  
                                                 Mar.    Dec.     Mar.                                           
                                                  2016    2016    2017                                           
                                                                         Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                                         2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
                 Civilian workers                                                                                
                                                                                                                 
    All workers(1).............................  129.4   131.1   132.2     0.8    0.2    0.8    1.7    2.1    2.2
                                                                                                                 
             Private industry workers                                                                            
                                                                                                                 
    All workers................................  126.0   127.3   128.4      .7     .2     .9    1.2    1.8    1.9
                                                                                                                 
                Occupational group                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Management, professional, and related....  125.1   126.0   127.4      .5     .2    1.1     .3    1.2    1.8
                                                                                                                 
      Sales and office.........................  126.8   128.4   129.3     1.4     .1     .7    2.4    2.7    2.0
                                                                                                                 
      Natural resources, construction, and                                                                       
       maintenance.............................  128.5   129.9   130.5      .5     .4     .5     .7    1.6    1.6
                                                                                                                 
      Production, transportation, and material                                                                   
       moving..................................  126.3   127.9   128.8      .7     .4     .7    2.3    2.0    2.0
                                                                                                                 
      Service occupations......................  125.4   127.1   128.3      .9     .4     .9    1.9    2.3    2.3
                                                                                                                 
                     Industry                                                                                    
                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                 
      Goods-producing industries(2)............  123.6   124.9   125.4      .4     .2     .4    1.8    1.5    1.5
        Manufacturing..........................  123.1   124.3   125.0      .5     .2     .6    1.8    1.5    1.5
          Aircraft manufacturing...............   91.6    89.6    92.9     4.8    1.8    3.7     .9    2.5    1.4
                                                                                                                 
      Service-providing industries(3)..........  127.0   128.3   129.6      .9     .2    1.0    1.0    1.9    2.0
                                                                                                                 
                 Bargaining status                                                                               
                                                                                                                 
      Union....................................  135.0   136.1   137.4      .8     .4    1.0    1.2    1.6    1.8
      Nonunion.................................  124.2   125.5   126.6      .7     .2     .9    1.2    1.8    1.9
                                                                                                                 
        State and local government workers                                                                       
                                                                                                                 
    All workers................................  141.6   145.0   146.0      .7     .5     .7    3.5    3.1    3.1

      1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
    public sector, except the federal government.
      2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
      3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
    utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
    services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
    health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
    other services, except public administration.

    Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,(1) and wages and salaries,
    for private industry workers, by area
                                                                                         
    (Not seasonally adjusted)               
                                                                      
                                                   Percent changes for 12-months ended–  
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
      Census region and metropolitan area(2)     Total compensation   Wages and salaries 
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
                                                 Mar.   Dec.   Mar.   Mar.   Dec.   Mar. 
                                                 2016   2016   2017   2016   2016   2017 
                                                                                         
                                                                                         
    Northeast                                                                            
                                                                                         
      Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA...    2.2    2.3    2.6    2.9    2.9    3.0
                                                                                         
      New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA                                            
       CSA.....................................    1.6    2.3    2.9    2.1    3.3    3.2
                                                                                         
      Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD                                          
       CSA.....................................    1.0    2.2    3.0    1.0    2.4    3.0
                                                                                         
    South                                                                                
                                                                                         
      Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL                                           
       CSA.....................................    1.7    3.5    2.8    3.2    4.2    3.0
                                                                                         
      Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA................    1.6    1.4    2.2    2.5    1.5    2.8
                                                                                         
      Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA.......    2.3    1.7    1.6    2.1    2.3    2.2
                                                                                         
      Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL                                            
       MSA.....................................    2.8    3.4    3.2    3.5    3.6    3.1
                                                                                         
      Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,                                            
       DC-MD-VA-WV CSA.........................    2.3    2.4    2.3    2.5    2.8    2.8
                                                                                         
    Midwest                                                                              
                                                                                         
      Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,                                                  
       IL-IN-WI CSA............................    1.3    2.9    2.5    2.0    3.0    2.7
                                                                                         
      Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA.............    3.3    1.8    2.9    3.5    2.3    3.5
                                                                                         
      Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA    1.9     .7    2.9    1.7    -.2    2.9
                                                                                         
    West                                                                                 
                                                                                         
      Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA     3.3    2.6    2.5    3.7    3.1    2.7
                                                                                         
      Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA..........    2.2    3.0    2.8    1.9    2.8    3.1
                                                                                         
      San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA...    1.6    2.6    3.0    2.1    2.9    3.3
                                                                                         
      Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA...........    2.9    2.8    2.4    3.5    3.7    3.6

      1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
      2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and
    others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). For more information on
    metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and
    Micropolitan Statistical Areas page on the Internet at
    http://www.census.gov/population/metro/.

Last Modified Date: April 28, 2017