NEWS RELEASE
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL USDL-16-2057
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 28, 2016
Technical information: (202) 691-6199 ncsinfo@bls.gov www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 pressoffice@bls.gov
EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX – SEPTEMBER 2016
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.6 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month
period ending in September 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and
salaries (which make up about 70 percent of compensation costs) increased 0.5 percent, and benefits
(which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation) increased 0.7 percent. (See chart 1 and
tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)
Civilian Workers
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 2.3 percent for the 12-month period ending in
September 2016. In September 2015, compensation costs increased 2.0 percent. Wages and salaries
increased 2.4 percent for the current 12-month period, and increased 2.1 percent for the 12-month
period ending in September 2015. Benefit costs increased 2.3 percent for the 12-month period ending
in September 2016. In September 2015, the increase was 1.8 percent. (See chart 2 and tables A, 4,
8, and 12.)
Private Industry Workers
Compensation costs for private industry workers increased 2.3 percent over the year, higher than the
September 2015 increase of 1.9 percent. Wages and salaries increased 2.4 percent for the current 12-
month period. In September 2015, the increase was 2.1 percent. The cost of benefits rose 1.8 percent
for the 12-month period ending in September 2016, and rose 1.4 percent in September 2015. (See
charts 3 and 4 and tables A, 5, 9, and 12.)
Employer costs for health benefits increased 2.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in September
2016. (For further information, see www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.)
Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month
period ending in September 2016 ranged from 1.8 percent for management, professional, and related
occupations to 3.2 percent for service occupations. (See table 5.)
Among industry supersectors, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current
12-month period ranged from 1.7 percent for professional and business services to 3.6 percent for
leisure and hospitality. (See table 5.)
State and Local Government Workers
Compensation costs for state and local government workers increased 2.6 percent for the 12-month
period ending in September 2016. In September 2015, the increase was 2.3 percent. Wages and salaries
increased 2.0 percent for the 12-month period ending in September 2016. In September 2015, the
increase was 1.8 percent. Benefit costs increased 3.7 percent for the 12-month period ending in
September 2016, a higher rate than in the prior year when the increase was 3.0 percent. (See chart 5
and tables A, 7, 11, and 12.)
__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index
(Percent change)
Category 3-month, 12-month,
seasonally adjusted not seasonally adjusted
June Sept. Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept.
2016 2016 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
CIVILIAN WORKERS[1]
Compensation[2] 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.3
Wages and salaries 0.6 0.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.4
Benefits 0.5 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.3
PRIVATE INDUSTRY
Compensation[2] 0.6 0.5 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.3
Wages and salaries 0.6 0.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.4
Benefits 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.8
STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Compensation[2] 0.5 0.9 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6
Wages and salaries 0.4 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.0
Benefits 0.6 1.2 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1] Includes private industry and State and local government.
[2] Includes wages and salaries and benefits.
The Employment Cost Index for December 2016 is scheduled for release on
Tuesday, January 31, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request—
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an email subscription service at
www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
TECHNICAL NOTE
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of
employment shifts among occupations and industries. Detailed information on survey concepts,
coverage, methods, nonresponse adjustment, and imputation can be found in BLS Handbook of Methods,
Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.
Sample size
Data for the September 2016 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately
28,400 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 6,800 private industry establishments
and approximately 8,800 occupational observations selected from a sample of about 1,500 state and local
government establishments that provided data at the initial interview.
Standard Errors
To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of Employment Cost Index (ECI) series, standard errors
of all current quarter estimates except seasonally adjusted series are made available shortly after
publication of the news release. Standard errors provide users a measure of the precision of an estimate
to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For further information
see: www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/ectvar.htm.
Health insurance data
Data from the ECI that provide 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance in private
industry are available at www.bls.gov/web/eci/echealth.pdf.
Historical listings
Historical listings that provide all ECI data are available at www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Included among
these listings is one that provides continuous occupational and industry series. This listing uses the
Standard Industrial Classification Manual and Census of Population series through 2005 and the North
American Industry Classification System and Standard Occupational Classification from 2006 to the
present. It provides the official series from the beginning of the ECI in 1975 through the current
quarter. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series, see the article
published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation data
The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are published in a
separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). These releases are
issued 3 months after the reference period. The ECEC release dates are available at:
www.bls.gov/schedule/2016/home.htm. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents at
www.bls.gov/ect/#tables. Since the ECEC is calculated with current employment weights rather than the
fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost levels usually differ from
those in the ECI. For additional information on the use of fixed employment weights in computing the
ECI, see www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/article/introducing-2012-fixed-employment-weights-for-the-
employment-cost-index.htm.
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by occupational group and industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
June Sep. Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
2016 2016 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 126.7 127.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 124.7 125.2 .6 .5 .6 .7 .4 .7 .5 .6 .4
Manufacturing.......................... 124.4 125.1 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .6
Service-providing industries(4).......... 127.2 128.0 .7 .5 .6 .1 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6
Education and health services.......... 127.2 128.1 .4 .7 .5 .5 .5 .6 .4 .6 .7
Educational services................. 127.3 128.5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .3 .6 .9
Elementary and secondary schools... 127.0 128.5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .8 .5 .5 1.2
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 127.8 128.5 .4 .7 .6 .6 .6 .5 .2 .6 .5
Health care and social assistance(5) 127.1 127.7 .3 .7 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .6 .5
Hospitals.......................... 127.6 128.2 .4 .4 .5 .5 .4 .6 .4 .7 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 123.5 124.1 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .4 .7 .6 .5
Public administration.................. 130.7 131.6 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 126.1 126.7 .7 .5 .7 .0 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 126.3 127.0 .7 .5 .5 .2 .6 .6 .5 .2 .6
Management, business, and financial.... 126.5 127.5 .7 .4 .6 -.1 1.0 .6 .5 -.1 .8
Professional and related............... 126.1 126.6 .5 .6 .5 .2 .4 .5 .5 .3 .4
Sales and office......................... 126.5 126.7 .7 .7 1.2 -.7 .7 .5 .9 1.0 .2
Sales and related...................... 123.0 122.6 .8 1.0 2.2 -2.2 .9 .2 .7 1.6 -.3
Office and administrative support...... 128.8 129.6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 1.0 .5 .6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 126.6 126.9 .5 .6 .3 .2 .4 .5 .6 .6 .2
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 127.1 127.2 .4 .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .8 .9 .1
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 126.0 126.7 .7 .5 .1 .0 .3 .6 .3 .3 .6
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 125.5 126.3 .6 .5 .7 .6 .5 .7 .7 .6 .6
Production............................. 124.2 125.0 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6
Transportation and material moving..... 127.4 128.2 .7 .3 .8 .7 .4 .5 .9 .6 .6
Service occupations...................... 125.5 126.5 .8 .5 .7 .2 .4 .5 .9 1.0 .8
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 124.6 125.1 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .4
Construction........................... 124.8 124.7 .6 .5 .3 .7 .6 .7 .5 .8 -.1
Manufacturing.......................... 124.4 125.1 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5 .6 .6
Aircraft manufacturing............... 113.2 112.2 2.0 .5 .3 .4 -.6 .5 1.7 .6 -.9
Service-providing industries(6).......... 126.6 127.3 .7 .5 .7 -.1 .6 .4 .7 .6 .6
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 127.6 128.1 1.0 .5 .4 .5 1.0 .1 1.2 .7 .4
Retail trade......................... 127.6 128.4 .9 .6 .6 1.0 .8 .6 1.7 .7 .6
Transportation and warehousing....... 128.9 129.7 .7 .5 .4 .8 .6 .4 1.2 .5 .6
Utilities............................ 136.4 137.3 .7 .6 1.1 .7 .9 .7 .5 .5 .7
Information............................ 123.9 124.9 .2 .5 1.0 -3.7 .7 .3 .7 .1 .8
Financial activities................... 125.3 127.0 .5 .5 .8 .5 .2 .7 .2 .7 1.4
Finance and insurance................ 125.5 127.3 .4 .6 .7 .6 .2 .9 .0 .8 1.4
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 124.6 126.5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .6 .4 .6 .4 1.5
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 127.8 129.5 .0 .6 .7 .4 .6 1.1 .3 .7 1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing... 124.8 125.8 .7 .0 1.3 .2 .2 .2 1.0 .7 .8
Professional and business services..... 127.8 128.1 .7 .5 1.3 -1.0 1.0 .6 .6 .3 .2
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 130.2 130.2 .6 .3 2.0 -1.7 .9 .4 .8 .5 .0
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 124.9 125.4 1.1 .6 .3 -.2 1.1 .4 .7 .1 .4
Education and health services.......... 126.6 127.2 .3 .7 .5 .4 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5
Educational services................. 127.2 127.4 .7 .5 .6 .3 .2 .5 .5 .6 .2
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 128.0 128.5 .4 .6 .4 .5 .4 .5 .2 .6 .4
Health care and social assistance(5) 126.5 127.1 .3 .7 .3 .5 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5
Hospitals.......................... 127.3 127.9 .4 .4 .5 .6 .3 .6 .4 .7 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 122.0 122.6 .4 .5 .3 .6 .5 .3 .7 .7 .5
Leisure and hospitality................ 124.3 125.4 .8 .3 .7 .6 .0 .6 1.1 1.0 .9
Accommodation and food services...... 124.9 126.2 .8 .3 .6 .4 .2 .6 1.2 1.1 1.0
Other services, except public
administration........................ 126.5 127.7 .7 -.1 1.0 .6 .6 .4 .0 1.0 .9
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 129.1 130.3 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .8 .5 .5 .9
Industry
Education and health services.......... 127.9 129.2 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .6 1.0
Educational services................. 127.4 128.8 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .8 .3 .6 1.1
Schools............................ 127.4 128.8 .6 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .6 1.1
Elementary and secondary schools 127.2 128.8 .7 .4 .6 .6 .6 .9 .4 .5 1.3
Health care and social assistance(5) 131.5 132.2 .6 .4 .9 .4 .5 .8 .6 .5 .5
Hospitals.......................... 129.2 129.8 .2 .4 .5 .4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .5
Public administration.................. 130.7 131.6 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .7
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public
administration; and public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by occupational group and industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
June Sep. Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
2016 2016 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 125.4 126.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 124.8 125.4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .5
Manufacturing.......................... 124.8 125.7 .5 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 .7
Service-providing industries(3).......... 125.5 126.2 .7 .5 .7 .2 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6
Education and health services.......... 124.0 124.7 .4 .6 .5 .5 .3 .5 .4 .6 .6
Educational services................. 122.1 123.0 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .4 .3 .5 .7
Elementary and secondary schools... 120.9 121.9 .6 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .8
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 123.9 124.6 .4 .7 .5 .7 .4 .4 .3 .6 .6
Health care and social assistance(4) 126.1 126.8 .3 .7 .4 .5 .3 .6 .5 .6 .6
Hospitals.......................... 126.5 127.1 .3 .5 .4 .6 .5 .5 .6 .7 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 122.2 123.0 .4 .5 .7 .6 .6 .4 .7 .6 .7
Public administration.................. 123.6 124.3 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 126.0 126.6 .7 .5 .7 .2 .7 .6 .7 .6 .5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 126.8 127.5 .7 .4 .5 .5 .7 .6 .7 .2 .6
Management, business, and financial.... 127.1 128.1 .9 .2 .7 .2 1.1 .8 .8 -.2 .8
Professional and related............... 126.5 127.2 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .3 .5
Sales and office......................... 126.0 126.1 .8 .8 1.7 -1.1 .8 .4 .8 1.1 .1
Sales and related...................... 123.5 122.6 1.0 1.2 3.1 -3.0 1.0 .2 .5 1.7 -.7
Office and administrative support...... 127.9 128.7 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .7 1.1 .6 .6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 125.5 125.8 .5 .6 .3 .7 .2 .5 .6 .9 .2
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 125.5 125.4 .3 .7 .3 .5 .3 .5 1.0 1.1 .0
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 125.5 126.2 .7 .4 .3 .9 .2 .5 .4 .6 .5
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 124.9 125.8 .8 .3 .7 .6 .5 .7 .8 .8 .7
Production............................. 123.9 124.8 .7 .5 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .8 .7
Transportation and material moving..... 126.3 127.0 .8 .2 .8 .7 .3 .6 1.1 .9 .6
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 124.9 125.4 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 .4
Construction........................... 124.1 123.9 .6 .6 .5 .7 .6 .8 .5 .8 -.1
Manufacturing.......................... 124.8 125.7 .5 .6 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .7 .7
Aircraft manufacturing............... 133.9 134.6 .6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .4 .8 .5
Service-providing industries(5).......... 126.4 127.0 .7 .5 .8 .1 .6 .5 .7 .7 .5
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 126.2 126.6 1.3 .3 .4 .4 1.1 .1 1.0 .8 .3
Retail trade......................... 127.3 128.1 1.1 .6 .6 1.1 .8 .6 1.2 .7 .7
Transportation and warehousing....... 127.2 127.8 .7 .4 .5 .7 .4 .6 1.3 .8 .5
Utilities............................ 133.2 134.4 .7 .5 .8 .5 .6 .5 .5 .4 .9
Information............................ 123.3 124.3 .1 .7 .6 .4 .7 .4 1.2 .5 .8
Financial activities................... 125.9 127.6 .6 .5 .8 .5 .2 .8 .3 .9 1.4
Finance and insurance................ 126.6 128.4 .6 .6 .7 .5 .2 1.0 .1 1.0 1.4
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 123.4 124.9 .8 .6 .6 .7 .7 .4 .5 .6 1.2
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 127.4 129.4 -.3 .4 .7 .2 .7 1.4 .7 .9 1.5
Professional and business services..... 128.2 128.3 .8 .4 1.6 -1.2 1.1 .6 .9 .4 .1
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 130.7 130.4 .7 .2 2.7 -2.3 1.2 .5 1.1 .5 -.3
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 125.6 126.2 1.0 .5 .2 .4 1.2 .4 .9 .2 .4
Education and health services.......... 126.1 126.6 .2 .7 .5 .5 .2 .5 .6 .6 .4
Educational services................. 126.0 126.1 .6 .4 .7 .2 .2 .5 .6 .8 .1
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 125.8 126.4 .4 .6 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .6 .4
Health care and social assistance(4) 126.1 126.7 .2 .8 .4 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6 .5
Hospitals.......................... 126.8 127.4 .3 .5 .4 .6 .4 .6 .5 .8 .5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 122.1 122.8 .3 .6 .5 .8 .5 .4 .7 .7 .6
Leisure and hospitality................ 125.7 126.9 .8 .4 .7 .6 .0 .6 1.1 1.1 1.0
Accommodation and food services...... 126.3 127.7 .9 .4 .7 .3 .2 .6 1.2 1.3 1.1
Other services, except public
administration........................ 127.0 128.2 .7 .2 .8 .7 .6 .6 .0 1.1 1.0
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 122.6 123.5 .6 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .4 .4 .7
Industry
Education and health services.......... 121.9 122.8 .5 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .3 .4 .7
Educational services................. 121.4 122.4 .6 .4 .4 .5 .5 .4 .3 .4 .8
Schools............................ 121.4 122.4 .6 .4 .4 .5 .5 .3 .4 .4 .8
Elementary and secondary schools 120.7 121.9 .7 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 1.0
Health care and social assistance(4) 126.3 126.8 .5 .3 .5 .5 .5 .7 .3 .6 .4
Hospitals.......................... 125.2 125.7 .4 .3 .2 .5 .5 .5 .5 .7 .4
Public administration.................. 123.6 124.3 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .3 .5 .5 .6
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except public
administration; and public administration.
4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group and industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended–
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
June Sep. Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
2016 2016 2014 2014 2015 2015 2015 2015 2016 2016 2016
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 129.9 130.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 126.4 127.0 .5 .5 .5 -.2 .5 .4 .5 .4 .5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 125.2 125.8 .6 .6 .6 -.5 .3 .5 .0 .2 .5
Sales and office......................... 127.5 128.3 .3 .5 .1 .2 .6 .5 1.1 .6 .6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 128.9 129.4 .6 .6 .1 -.5 .6 .5 .2 .3 .4
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 126.7 127.4 .6 .6 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .6 .3 .6
Service occupations...................... 126.1 126.7 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .6 .7 .5
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 124.2 124.6 .8 .4 .5 .6 .2 .7 .2 .6 .3
Manufacturing.......................... 123.6 124.1 .9 .5 .8 .5 .2 .8 .4 .4 .4
Service-providing industries(3).......... 127.3 128.1 .5 .5 .6 -.4 .5 .3 .6 .3 .6
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 142.3 144.0 .4 .7 .7 .8 .8 1.2 .6 .6 1.2
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management
of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social
assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 124.6 126.7 127.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.0 2.3 2.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(3) 124.7 126.9 127.7 .6 .6 .6 2.0 2.3 2.4
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 125.2 126.8 127.7 .7 .3 .7 1.9 2.0 2.0
Management, business, and financial.... 125.6 127.0 128.0 1.0 .2 .8 1.9 2.1 1.9
Professional and related............... 125.0 126.7 127.6 .6 .4 .7 1.9 1.9 2.1
Sales and office......................... 124.1 127.0 127.3 .7 1.1 .2 2.1 3.1 2.6
Sales and related...................... 120.2 123.3 122.8 .8 2.0 -.4 1.9 3.4 2.2
Office and administrative support...... 126.4 129.2 130.0 .6 .6 .6 2.2 2.8 2.8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 125.0 127.0 127.5 .5 .7 .4 1.6 2.1 2.0
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 124.8 127.4 127.6 .5 1.0 .2 2.0 2.6 2.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 125.2 126.7 127.5 .4 .4 .6 1.1 1.6 1.8
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 123.5 125.9 126.8 .6 .6 .7 2.3 2.5 2.7
Production............................. 121.8 124.2 125.0 .6 .6 .6 2.4 2.6 2.6
Transportation and material moving..... 125.6 128.0 128.9 .5 .7 .7 2.3 2.4 2.6
Service occupations...................... 124.7 127.2 128.4 .6 .7 .9 2.0 2.7 3.0
Industry
Goods-producing industries(4)............ 122.5 124.7 125.2 .5 .7 .4 2.2 2.3 2.2
Manufacturing.......................... 122.1 124.5 125.1 .3 .6 .5 2.3 2.3 2.5
Service-providing industries(5).......... 125.0 127.1 127.9 .6 .6 .6 1.9 2.3 2.3
Education and health services.......... 125.3 127.0 128.2 .7 .4 .9 2.0 2.1 2.3
Educational services................. 125.5 126.9 128.6 1.1 .3 1.3 2.3 2.3 2.5
Elementary and secondary schools... 125.0 126.5 128.5 1.1 .2 1.6 2.2 2.3 2.8
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 126.4 127.4 128.8 1.1 .3 1.1 2.5 1.9 1.9
Health care and social assistance(6) 125.3 127.1 127.7 .4 .5 .5 2.0 1.8 1.9
Hospitals.......................... 125.5 127.6 128.2 .3 .6 .5 1.8 2.0 2.2
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 121.4 123.4 124.1 .6 .5 .6 2.2 2.2 2.2
Public administration.................. 128.5 130.4 131.7 .9 .3 1.0 2.1 2.4 2.5
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational
group and industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 124.0 126.2 126.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.9 2.4 2.3
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2).. 124.1 126.4 127.0 .5 .6 .5 1.9 2.3 2.3
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 124.9 126.5 127.1 .6 .4 .5 1.8 1.9 1.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 124.3 126.0 126.6 .3 .3 .5 1.6 1.7 1.9
Management, business, and financial...... 125.4 126.8 127.7 1.0 .2 .7 2.0 2.1 1.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 124.7 126.4 127.1 .5 .4 .6 2.0 1.9 1.9
Professional and related................. 124.5 126.2 126.7 .3 .4 .4 1.6 1.7 1.8
Sales and office........................... 123.6 126.6 126.7 .7 1.2 .1 2.1 3.1 2.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 124.8 128.0 128.6 .6 .9 .5 2.1 3.1 3.0
Sales and related........................ 120.1 123.3 122.7 .8 2.1 -.5 1.9 3.4 2.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 122.6 125.9 126.5 .8 1.1 .5 2.3 3.5 3.2
Office and administrative support........ 125.9 129.0 129.6 .4 .7 .5 2.1 2.9 2.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 124.6 126.6 127.1 .4 .7 .4 1.5 2.0 2.0
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 124.6 127.1 127.3 .5 1.0 .2 2.0 2.5 2.2
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 124.6 126.1 126.9 .3 .4 .6 .9 1.5 1.8
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 123.1 125.6 126.4 .5 .7 .6 2.3 2.5 2.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 123.1 125.7 126.6 .5 .6 .7 2.3 2.6 2.8
Production............................... 121.7 124.2 125.0 .6 .6 .6 2.4 2.6 2.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 121.8 124.4 125.2 .5 .6 .6 2.4 2.6 2.8
Transportation and material moving....... 125.1 127.5 128.4 .6 .7 .7 2.3 2.5 2.6
Service occupations........................ 122.6 125.5 126.5 .4 .9 .8 1.7 2.8 3.2
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3).............. 122.5 124.7 125.2 .5 .7 .4 2.2 2.3 2.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 122.7 125.0 125.5 .4 .7 .4 2.2 2.3 2.3
Management, professional, and related.. 121.5 123.5 123.9 .2 .6 .3 1.9 1.9 2.0
Sales and office....................... 124.1 126.4 126.8 .6 1.0 .3 2.9 2.5 2.2
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 124.3 126.6 126.9 .6 .9 .2 2.1 2.4 2.1
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 121.3 123.7 124.6 .5 .6 .7 2.2 2.5 2.7
Construction............................. 122.6 124.6 124.9 .8 .9 .2 2.1 2.5 1.9
Manufacturing............................ 122.1 124.5 125.1 .3 .6 .5 2.3 2.3 2.5
Management, professional, and related 122.2 124.6 125.0 .0 .6 .3 2.2 2.0 2.3
Sales and office..................... 125.2 127.7 128.1 .6 .9 .3 3.0 2.6 2.3
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 123.7 126.1 126.9 .7 .6 .6 2.2 2.6 2.6
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 121.0 123.4 124.2 .5 .6 .6 2.3 2.5 2.6
Aircraft manufacturing................. 110.2 113.7 112.0 -1.1 .4 -1.5 -.2 2.1 1.6
Service-providing industries(4)............ 124.5 126.7 127.3 .6 .6 .5 1.8 2.3 2.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 124.7 126.9 127.6 .5 .6 .6 1.9 2.3 2.3
Management, professional, and related.. 125.5 127.0 127.7 .6 .3 .6 1.8 1.8 1.8
Sales and office....................... 123.5 126.7 126.7 .7 1.3 .0 1.9 3.3 2.6
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 125.1 126.7 127.4 .2 .6 .6 .6 1.5 1.8
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 125.4 127.9 128.7 .6 .7 .6 2.5 2.6 2.6
Service occupations.................... 122.6 125.4 126.5 .4 .8 .9 1.8 2.7 3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 125.2 127.8 128.2 .9 .9 .3 2.4 3.0 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 125.0 128.2 128.8 .6 .8 .5 2.6 3.2 3.0
Wholesale trade........................ 124.6 125.2 125.0 1.5 .6 -.2 1.2 2.0 .3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 125.4 127.3 127.8 .7 .6 .4 2.7 2.2 1.9
Retail trade........................... 124.0 127.9 128.5 .7 1.1 .5 3.1 3.9 3.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 122.6 126.7 127.2 .7 1.0 .4 2.6 4.0 3.8
Transportation and warehousing......... 126.4 129.1 129.9 .6 .6 .6 2.3 2.7 2.8
Utilities.............................. 134.2 136.8 137.3 .7 .7 .4 3.3 2.6 2.3
Information.............................. 122.7 124.3 125.0 .5 .3 .6 -1.1 1.8 1.9
Financial activities..................... 123.2 125.7 127.0 -.1 1.2 1.0 2.1 1.9 3.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 124.4 126.7 127.5 .2 .6 .6 2.4 2.0 2.5
Finance and insurance.................. 123.4 125.9 127.3 -.1 1.3 1.1 2.2 1.9 3.2
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 122.8 125.0 126.5 .2 .8 1.2 2.5 2.0 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 126.3 128.9 130.0 .1 .5 .9 2.2 2.1 2.9
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 125.0 128.2 129.5 .2 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.8 3.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 125.8 127.7 128.3 .4 .7 .5 2.5 1.9 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 122.4 124.9 125.9 .1 .7 .8 1.7 2.1 2.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 125.9 128.4 129.3 .0 .7 .7 2.2 2.0 2.7
Professional and business services....... 125.9 128.0 128.0 .8 .4 .0 1.7 2.5 1.7
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 127.8 130.3 130.0 .7 .4 -.2 1.4 2.7 1.7
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 123.4 125.0 125.4 1.1 .3 .3 1.8 2.4 1.6
Education and health services............ 124.9 126.6 127.2 .5 .6 .5 1.9 1.9 1.8
Educational services................... 125.6 126.8 127.8 .9 .6 .8 1.7 1.8 1.8
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 126.6 127.6 128.8 1.0 .4 .9 1.9 1.8 1.7
Health care and social assistance(5)... 124.7 126.5 127.1 .3 .5 .5 1.9 1.8 1.9
Hospitals............................ 125.2 127.3 127.8 .3 .7 .4 1.9 2.0 2.1
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 119.9 121.9 122.7 .6 .6 .7 2.0 2.3 2.3
Nursing care facilities(2)......... 120.3 122.0 122.7 .7 .5 .6 2.2 2.1 2.0
Leisure and hospitality.................. 121.0 124.2 125.3 .0 .8 .9 1.5 2.6 3.6
Accommodation and food services........ 121.3 124.8 126.2 .2 .9 1.1 1.4 3.1 4.0
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 125.0 126.5 127.9 .7 .8 1.1 2.2 1.9 2.3
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining
status and census region and division
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 128.0 130.0 130.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.7 2.0 1.9
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 124.5 126.8 127.1 .5 .7 .2 2.1 2.3 2.1
Manufacturing........................ 119.3 121.7 121.9 .6 .5 .2 2.1 2.6 2.2
Service-providing industries(3)........ 130.8 132.7 133.2 .3 .0 .4 1.4 1.8 1.8
Nonunion................................. 123.4 125.7 126.3 .6 .8 .5 1.9 2.4 2.4
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 121.8 124.1 124.6 .4 .7 .4 2.2 2.3 2.3
Manufacturing........................ 122.9 125.3 126.0 .3 .7 .6 2.3 2.3 2.5
Service-providing industries(3)........ 123.9 126.1 126.7 .6 .7 .5 1.9 2.4 2.3
Census region and division(4)
Northeast................................ 125.1 127.7 128.2 .6 .3 .4 2.0 2.7 2.5
New England............................ 127.6 131.3 130.2 1.8 .1 -.8 1.9 4.8 2.0
Middle Atlantic........................ 124.2 126.3 127.4 .2 .3 .9 2.0 1.9 2.6
South.................................... 124.3 125.9 126.2 .3 .6 .2 1.6 1.6 1.5
South Atlantic......................... 125.3 127.4 127.4 .6 1.1 .0 2.0 2.2 1.7
East South Central..................... 121.7 124.7 125.1 .3 1.3 .3 2.0 2.8 2.8
West South Central..................... 123.6 123.9 124.6 -.1 -.2 .6 1.0 .2 .8
Midwest.................................. 122.1 124.5 125.3 .6 .9 .6 1.7 2.6 2.6
East North Central..................... 120.8 123.0 123.6 .3 .9 .5 1.7 2.2 2.3
West North Central..................... 125.3 128.4 129.5 1.2 1.2 .9 1.9 3.7 3.4
West..................................... 124.6 127.2 127.9 .6 .8 .6 2.2 2.7 2.6
Mountain............................... 123.4 125.4 125.8 .7 1.0 .3 2.7 2.4 1.9
Pacific................................ 125.2 128.0 128.8 .6 .7 .6 2.0 2.9 2.9
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
4 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota;
Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 127.0 128.7 130.3 1.0 0.2 1.2 2.3 2.3 2.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 126.0 127.6 129.3 1.0 .2 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.6
Professional and related............... 125.8 127.4 129.1 1.0 .2 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.6
Sales and office......................... 128.7 130.6 132.3 .9 .3 1.3 2.2 2.4 2.8
Office and administrative support...... 128.8 130.7 132.4 .9 .4 1.3 2.3 2.4 2.8
Service occupations...................... 129.6 131.4 132.9 1.1 .4 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.5
Industry
Education and health services............ 125.9 127.4 129.3 1.1 .2 1.5 2.4 2.3 2.7
Educational services................... 125.5 126.9 128.9 1.1 .2 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.7
Schools(2)........................... 125.4 126.9 128.8 1.1 .2 1.5 2.4 2.3 2.7
Elementary and secondary schools... 125.1 126.7 128.8 1.1 .2 1.7 2.3 2.4 3.0
Health care and social assistance(3)... 129.1 131.3 132.2 .6 .3 .7 2.1 2.3 2.4
Hospitals............................ 126.9 129.0 129.8 .7 .5 .6 1.8 2.4 2.3
Public administration.................... 128.5 130.4 131.7 .9 .3 1.0 2.1 2.4 2.5
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
schools.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 123.2 125.4 126.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 2.1 2.5 2.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2) 123.1 125.3 126.1 .6 .6 .6 2.1 2.4 2.4
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 123.9 125.5 126.4 .7 .4 .7 2.1 2.0 2.0
Management, business, and financial.... 125.2 126.8 127.9 1.2 .2 .9 2.3 2.5 2.2
Professional and related............... 123.1 124.8 125.6 .4 .5 .6 1.8 1.8 2.0
Sales and office......................... 123.0 125.9 125.9 .7 1.4 .0 2.2 3.1 2.4
Sales and related...................... 120.7 123.7 122.7 .9 2.3 -.8 2.2 3.4 1.7
Office and administrative support...... 124.4 127.3 128.1 .5 .7 .6 2.3 2.8 3.0
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 123.1 125.4 125.9 .4 .9 .4 1.9 2.3 2.3
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 122.4 125.3 125.4 .5 1.2 .1 1.9 2.9 2.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 123.9 125.5 126.4 .3 .6 .7 1.9 1.6 2.0
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 122.2 124.9 125.8 .5 .8 .7 2.1 2.7 2.9
Production............................. 121.3 123.9 124.8 .6 .7 .7 2.2 2.7 2.9
Transportation and material moving..... 123.4 126.1 127.1 .6 .9 .8 2.1 2.8 3.0
Service occupations...................... 122.5 125.1 126.3 .6 .8 1.0 1.8 2.7 3.1
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 122.5 124.9 125.5 .6 .8 .5 2.4 2.5 2.4
Manufacturing.......................... 122.3 124.9 125.7 .4 .7 .6 2.4 2.5 2.8
Service-providing industries(4).......... 123.4 125.5 126.2 .7 .7 .6 2.0 2.4 2.3
Education and health services.......... 122.4 123.9 124.9 .7 .5 .8 1.9 1.9 2.0
Educational services................. 120.8 121.8 123.2 .8 .3 1.1 1.8 1.7 2.0
Elementary and secondary schools... 119.7 120.7 122.1 .8 .3 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.0
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 122.6 123.6 124.9 1.0 .4 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.9
Health care and social assistance(5) 124.2 126.1 126.8 .4 .6 .6 2.1 1.9 2.1
Hospitals.......................... 124.3 126.5 127.1 .5 .7 .5 2.0 2.3 2.3
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 120.2 122.2 123.0 .7 .6 .7 2.4 2.3 2.3
Public administration.................. 122.0 123.4 124.4 .7 .3 .8 2.0 1.9 2.0
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and
industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 123.7 126.1 126.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 2.1 2.6 2.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1).. 123.6 126.0 126.7 .6 .6 .6 2.1 2.5 2.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 125.1 126.9 127.7 .7 .4 .6 2.1 2.2 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 124.2 126.1 126.8 .5 .4 .6 2.0 2.0 2.1
Management, business, and financial...... 125.7 127.3 128.4 1.2 .2 .9 2.4 2.5 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 124.4 126.4 127.2 .6 .4 .6 2.3 2.3 2.3
Professional and related................. 124.7 126.6 127.2 .4 .5 .5 2.0 1.9 2.0
Sales and office........................... 123.1 126.2 126.1 .7 1.4 -.1 2.2 3.2 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 124.1 127.2 127.8 .6 1.0 .5 2.5 3.2 3.0
Sales and related........................ 120.8 123.8 122.8 .9 2.3 -.8 2.2 3.4 1.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 122.9 125.7 126.4 .9 1.2 .6 2.8 3.2 2.8
Office and administrative support........ 124.8 128.0 128.7 .5 .7 .5 2.3 3.1 3.1
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 123.2 125.5 126.0 .4 1.0 .4 1.9 2.3 2.3
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 122.6 125.5 125.6 .5 1.2 .1 1.9 2.9 2.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 123.9 125.5 126.4 .4 .6 .7 1.9 1.7 2.0
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 122.2 124.9 125.9 .6 .8 .8 2.2 2.8 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 122.3 125.2 126.1 .6 .7 .7 2.2 3.0 3.1
Production............................... 121.2 123.9 124.8 .6 .7 .7 2.2 2.8 3.0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 121.4 124.1 125.0 .6 .7 .7 2.3 2.8 3.0
Transportation and material moving....... 123.4 126.3 127.2 .5 1.0 .7 2.0 2.9 3.1
Service occupations........................ 122.2 125.2 126.4 .5 1.0 1.0 1.7 3.0 3.4
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(2).............. 122.5 124.9 125.5 .6 .8 .5 2.4 2.5 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 122.8 125.3 125.8 .6 .8 .4 2.3 2.6 2.4
Management, professional, and related.. 123.4 125.7 126.3 .5 .6 .5 2.6 2.4 2.4
Sales and office....................... 124.4 126.5 126.8 .8 1.1 .2 3.1 2.5 1.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 122.8 125.4 125.6 .6 1.0 .2 2.1 2.7 2.3
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 120.9 123.5 124.4 .6 .7 .7 2.2 2.7 2.9
Construction............................. 121.8 123.9 124.2 1.0 .9 .2 2.4 2.7 2.0
Manufacturing............................ 122.3 124.9 125.7 .4 .7 .6 2.4 2.5 2.8
Management, professional, and related 123.8 126.4 127.0 .3 .8 .5 2.8 2.4 2.6
Sales and office..................... 124.6 127.3 127.6 .6 1.0 .2 3.0 2.7 2.4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 123.8 126.1 127.1 .7 .8 .8 2.2 2.6 2.7
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 120.6 123.2 124.1 .6 .7 .7 2.2 2.8 2.9
Aircraft manufacturing................. 131.4 134.2 134.5 .4 .4 .2 2.8 2.5 2.4
Service-providing industries(3)............ 124.1 126.5 127.1 .6 .8 .5 2.1 2.6 2.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 123.9 126.3 127.0 .6 .6 .6 2.1 2.5 2.5
Management, professional, and related.. 125.4 127.1 127.9 .7 .3 .6 2.0 2.1 2.0
Sales and office....................... 123.0 126.2 126.1 .7 1.5 -.1 2.2 3.3 2.5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 123.7 125.7 126.5 .2 .9 .6 1.6 1.8 2.3
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 123.7 126.6 127.5 .6 1.0 .7 2.1 2.9 3.1
Service occupations.................... 122.2 125.2 126.4 .5 1.0 1.0 1.8 3.0 3.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 124.0 126.3 126.7 1.1 1.0 .3 2.2 2.9 2.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 123.2 126.3 126.9 .7 1.0 .5 2.4 3.2 3.0
Wholesale trade........................ 122.3 122.8 122.3 1.8 .7 -.4 .9 2.2 .0
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 121.4 123.8 124.3 .6 .7 .4 2.3 2.6 2.4
Retail trade........................... 124.3 127.5 128.3 .8 1.2 .6 3.2 3.4 3.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 122.6 125.9 126.5 .7 1.2 .5 2.7 3.5 3.2
Transportation and warehousing......... 124.3 127.3 128.2 .6 1.0 .7 2.1 3.1 3.1
Utilities.............................. 131.4 133.5 134.5 .5 .5 .7 2.4 2.1 2.4
Information.............................. 120.9 123.6 124.4 .5 .8 .6 2.5 2.7 2.9
Financial activities..................... 123.4 126.3 127.6 -.2 1.4 1.0 2.0 2.2 3.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 124.5 127.1 127.7 .2 .7 .5 2.4 2.3 2.6
Finance and insurance.................. 124.2 127.0 128.4 -.1 1.4 1.1 2.1 2.2 3.4
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 121.5 123.8 124.8 .2 .9 .8 2.5 2.1 2.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 125.0 127.8 128.3 .2 .6 .4 2.1 2.4 2.6
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 123.8 127.8 129.4 .4 1.3 1.3 1.9 3.6 4.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 124.2 126.5 127.2 .5 .9 .6 2.2 2.3 2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 120.5 123.4 124.4 .0 .9 .8 1.9 2.4 3.2
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 124.3 127.2 128.1 -.1 .9 .7 2.4 2.3 3.1
Professional and business services....... 125.9 128.3 128.3 1.0 .5 .0 2.0 3.0 1.9
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 127.8 130.8 130.2 .9 .5 -.5 1.8 3.3 1.9
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 123.8 125.7 126.2 1.1 .5 .4 2.4 2.7 1.9
Education and health services............ 124.1 126.0 126.7 .4 .6 .6 2.0 1.9 2.1
Educational services................... 124.1 125.5 126.5 .9 .6 .8 1.6 2.0 1.9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 124.5 125.4 126.7 1.0 .4 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.8
Health care and social assistance(4)... 124.1 126.1 126.8 .3 .6 .6 2.1 1.9 2.2
Hospitals............................ 124.5 126.8 127.4 .4 .8 .5 2.0 2.3 2.3
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 120.0 122.0 122.9 .7 .7 .7 2.4 2.3 2.4
Nursing care facilities(1)......... 120.3 122.1 123.1 .8 .6 .8 2.6 2.3 2.3
Leisure and hospitality.................. 122.2 125.6 126.9 .1 1.0 1.0 1.7 2.9 3.8
Accommodation and food services........ 122.5 126.2 127.7 .3 1.0 1.2 1.7 3.4 4.2
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 125.1 127.0 128.4 .7 1.0 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.6
1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status
and census region and division
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 124.8 126.8 127.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.2 1.8 1.9
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 121.2 123.3 123.7 .4 .8 .3 1.8 2.2 2.1
Manufacturing........................ 118.8 120.8 121.4 .3 .5 .5 1.8 1.9 2.2
Service-providing industries(2)........ 127.3 129.2 129.8 .1 .1 .5 2.3 1.6 2.0
Nonunion................................. 123.6 126.0 126.6 .7 .8 .5 2.1 2.7 2.4
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 122.8 125.3 125.9 .6 .8 .5 2.5 2.6 2.5
Manufacturing........................ 123.2 125.9 126.6 .6 .9 .6 2.7 2.8 2.8
Service-providing industries(2)........ 123.8 126.2 126.8 .7 .9 .5 2.1 2.7 2.4
Census region and division(3)
Northeast................................ 124.2 127.2 127.7 .8 .2 .4 2.1 3.2 2.8
New England............................ 128.5 132.8 131.1 2.4 -.1 -1.3 2.0 5.8 2.0
Middle Atlantic........................ 122.6 125.2 126.3 .2 .5 .9 2.1 2.4 3.0
South.................................... 124.7 126.5 126.8 .4 .9 .2 1.9 1.9 1.7
South Atlantic......................... 125.6 128.0 127.9 .7 1.3 -.1 2.2 2.6 1.8
East South Central..................... 121.7 124.7 125.2 .4 1.4 .4 2.4 2.9 2.9
West South Central..................... 124.4 124.5 125.5 -.1 -.2 .8 1.2 .0 .9
Midwest.................................. 121.4 123.9 124.8 .7 1.1 .7 2.1 2.7 2.8
East North Central..................... 119.8 122.1 122.8 .3 1.1 .6 2.2 2.3 2.5
West North Central..................... 125.3 128.2 129.4 1.5 1.3 .9 2.0 3.8 3.3
West..................................... 124.4 127.0 127.9 .8 1.0 .7 2.4 2.9 2.8
Mountain............................... 124.1 125.9 126.4 .9 1.2 .4 2.7 2.4 1.9
Pacific................................ 124.6 127.5 128.6 .7 .8 .9 2.3 3.1 3.2
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
3 The census divisions are defined as follows: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota;
Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 121.2 122.4 123.6 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.8 1.7 2.0
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 120.6 121.8 123.0 .7 .3 1.0 1.8 1.7 2.0
Professional and related............... 120.5 121.7 122.9 .6 .4 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.0
Sales and office......................... 121.1 122.2 123.6 .8 .2 1.1 2.0 1.7 2.1
Office and administrative support...... 121.5 122.6 124.0 .8 .2 1.1 2.0 1.7 2.1
Service occupations...................... 123.1 124.6 125.8 .8 .2 1.0 1.9 2.0 2.2
Industry
Education and health services............ 120.6 121.7 123.1 .8 .3 1.2 1.9 1.7 2.1
Educational services................... 120.2 121.2 122.6 .8 .3 1.2 1.9 1.7 2.0
Schools(1)........................... 120.2 121.1 122.6 .8 .2 1.2 1.9 1.6 2.0
Elementary and secondary schools... 119.6 120.5 122.1 .8 .2 1.3 1.6 1.5 2.1
Health care and social assistance(2)... 124.3 126.2 126.8 .6 .3 .5 1.8 2.1 2.0
Hospitals............................ 123.2 125.1 125.7 .6 .5 .5 1.6 2.1 2.0
Public administration.................... 122.0 123.4 124.4 .7 .3 .8 2.0 1.9 2.0
1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
schools.
2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by occupational group, industry, and bargaining status
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for–
100)
Occupational group, industry, and
bargaining status 3-months ended– 12-months ended–
Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 127.9 129.8 130.8 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.8 2.0 2.3
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 124.8 126.5 127.0 .3 .4 .4 1.4 1.7 1.8
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 124.3 125.4 125.8 .2 .2 .3 1.0 1.0 1.2
Sales and office......................... 124.7 127.7 128.3 .5 .7 .5 1.4 2.9 2.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 127.6 129.1 129.4 .4 .5 .2 .6 1.6 1.4
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 124.9 126.8 127.4 .5 .4 .5 2.7 2.0 2.0
Service occupations...................... 123.8 126.0 126.6 .4 .5 .5 1.8 2.2 2.3
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 122.4 124.3 124.6 .2 .6 .2 1.7 1.8 1.8
Manufacturing.......................... 121.6 123.7 124.1 .1 .5 .3 1.9 1.8 2.1
Aircraft manufacturing............... 87.5 91.8 88.0 -3.4 .2 -4.1 -4.6 1.3 .6
Service-providing industries(3).......... 125.7 127.5 128.0 .3 .4 .4 1.2 1.8 1.8
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 133.2 135.3 135.6 .7 .2 .2 1.0 2.3 1.8
Nonunion................................. 123.0 124.7 125.3 .2 .4 .5 1.3 1.6 1.9
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 139.2 141.9 144.3 1.4 .2 1.7 3.0 3.4 3.7
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; and
other services, except public administration.
Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,(1) and wages and salaries,
for private industry workers, by area
(Not seasonally adjusted)
Percent changes for 12-months ended–
Census region and metropolitan area(2) Total compensation Wages and salaries
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2015 2016 2016 2015 2016 2016
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA... 3.0 2.2 1.9 3.6 2.9 2.5
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA
CSA..................................... 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.7 2.1 3.2
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD
CSA..................................... 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.3
South
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL
CSA..................................... 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.7
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA................ 2.0 1.7 1.9 3.3 1.8 2.3
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA....... 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.5 2.1 1.7
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
MSA..................................... 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.6 2.9 2.1
Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,
DC-MD-VA-WV CSA......................... 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.1
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI CSA............................ 1.1 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.6
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA............. 1.9 3.4 2.5 2.4 3.6 2.6
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA 2.4 1.3 2.9 2.4 1.0 2.8
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA 2.2 3.7 3.3 2.6 4.0 3.8
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA.......... 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.6
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA... 1.5 2.1 2.6 1.8 2.3 3.0
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA........... 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.9 2.9 3.6
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Note that some of these areas are Consolidated Statistical Areas (CSAs) and
others are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). For more information on
metropolitan area definitions, visit the U.S. Census Bureau's Metropolitan and
Micropolitan Statistical Areas page on the Internet at
www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/metrodef.html.
United States Department of Labor
