For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, March 30, 2018 USDL-18-0486
Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2017
Production occupations had employment of 9 million in May 2017, representing 6.3 percent
of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The
largest production occupation was assemblers and fabricators, all other, including team
assemblers (1.3 million) and the highest paying production occupation was nuclear power
reactor operators ($94,350). The annual mean wage across all production occupations was
$38,070, compared with the U.S. average wage of $50,620. (See table 1.)
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program provides employment and wage
estimates for over 800 occupations in the nation, states, and 600 areas. National
data are available by industry for approximately 415 industry classifications and by
ownership across all industries, schools, and hospitals. This news release features
production, healthcare, and construction and extraction occupations, in addition to
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) occupations and employment
and wages by typical entry-level educational requirement. National employment and wage
information for all occupations is shown in table 1.
_____________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Data |
| |
| With the release of the May 2017 estimates, the OES program has |
| introduced several new occupational and industry aggregations. |
| |
| The May 2017 OES estimates are the first to be produced using the |
| 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). |
| |
| See the box notes at the end of this news release for more |
| information on current and upcoming changes to the OES data. |
|_____________________________________________________________________|
Highlights from the May 2017 OES data:
Production occupations
--The largest production occupations also included first-line supervisors of
production and operating workers (611,800) and inspectors, testers, sorters,
samplers, and weighers (537,500).
--Other than nuclear power reactor operators, the highest paying production
occupations were power distributors and dispatchers ($82,310) and power plant
operators ($75,970).
--The lowest paying production occupations were pressers, textile, garment,
and related materials ($23,080) and laundry and dry-cleaning workers
($23,770). (See table 1.)
--The state with the highest share of production occupations employment was
Indiana (12 percent), nearly twice the national employment share.
--Metropolitan areas with the highest shares of production occupation
employment included Elkhart-Goshen, Ind. (36 percent); Dalton, Ga.
(26 percent); and Columbus, Ind. (25 percent).
--Pay for production occupations in manufacturing industries varied widely.
Industries with the highest wages were petroleum and coal products
manufacturing ($63,620) and aerospace product and parts manufacturing
($54,040).
--Manufacturing industries with the lowest wages for production occupations
included seafood product preparation and packaging ($27,710) and several
apparel, textile, and leather products industries.
--Assemblers and fabricators, all other, including team assemblers earned
an annual mean wage of $33,180 across all industries. Motor vehicle
manufacturing ($46,510) was the highest paying manufacturing industry for
this occupation.
OES data by state and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan area are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm,
respectively.
OES national industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
Healthcare occupations
--Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations had employment of 8.5
million, and healthcare support occupations had employment of 4.1 million.
Both healthcare occupational groups combined made up nearly 9 percent of
U.S. employment. (See table 1.)
--Registered nurses, with 2.9 million jobs, was the largest healthcare
occupation. (See table 1.) Most registered nurses worked in the general
medical and surgical hospitals industry (1,685,820).
--Other than registered nurses, the largest healthcare occupations were
nursing assistants (1.5 million), home health aides (820,960), and
licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (702,700).
(See table 1.)
--Many of the highest paying occupations were healthcare occupations,
including several physician and dentist occupations and nurse
anesthetists ($169,450). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying healthcare occupations were home health aides
($24,280), veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
($27,570), and physical therapist aides ($27,910). (See table 1.)
--Annual mean wages for healthcare practitioners and technical occupations,
the larger of the two healthcare occupational groups, varied by state
from $64,620 in Mississippi to $98,020 in Alaska, compared with $80,760
nationally.
--Several areas in California, including San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara
($115,280), were among the highest paying metropolitan areas for
healthcare practitioners and technical occupations.
--The lowest paying areas for this occupational group included Lake
Charles, La. ($57,580), and Morristown, Tenn. ($57,670).
Construction and extraction occupations
--Construction and extraction occupations had total employment of 5.7 million
and an annual mean wage of $49,930 across all industries. (See table 1.)
--The largest construction and extraction occupations were construction
laborers (962,060), carpenters (693,050), and electricians (631,080).
(See table 1.)
--The highest paying construction and extraction occupations were elevator
installers and repairers ($77,130) and first-line supervisors of construction
trades and extraction workers ($69,200). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying construction and extraction occupations included helpers
of roofers ($29,710) and helpers of painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and
stucco masons ($30,570).
--By industry, specialty trade contractors (2.8 million) accounted for almost
half of employment in construction and extraction occupations. An additional
26 percent of employment was in construction of buildings (915,340) and
heavy and civil engineering construction (574,960). Local government
(330,490) was the industry with the highest employment of construction
and extraction occupations outside of the construction sector.
--States with the highest percentage of construction and extraction occupations
were Wyoming (10 percent) and North Dakota (8 percent), compared with 4
percent of national employment.
--Metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of construction and
extraction occupations included Lake Charles, La. (17 percent); Odessa,
Texas (13 percent); and Farmington, N.M., and Greeley, Colo. (11 percent
each).
--Annual mean wages for construction and extraction occupations varied by
state from $37,660 in Arkansas to $67,450 in Hawaii.
--Urban Honolulu, Hawaii ($68,800), and Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Ill.-Ind.-
Wis. ($68,770), were among the highest paying areas for construction and
extraction occupations. The lowest paying areas for this occupational
group included Brownsville-Harlingen, Texas ($31,820), and Sebring, Fla.
($32,520).
Typical entry-level education
--Occupations that typically require postsecondary education for entry made
up 37 percent of employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations
that typically require a bachelor's degree for entry, made up 21.5 percent
of employment. This educational category includes registered nurses, teachers
at the kindergarten through secondary levels, and many management, business
and financial operations, computer, and engineering occupations.
--Occupations that typically require a high school diploma or the equivalent
for entry made up 39 percent of employment, and occupations that require no
formal educational credential for entry made up 24 percent of employment.
These two educational categories include most production and construction
occupations, as well as large occupations such as retail salespersons,
cashiers, and general office clerks.
--The share of employment in occupations typically requiring an associate's
degree for entry ranged from 1.8 percent of employment in Nevada to 2.9
percent in Vermont, compared with 2.3 percent of national employment.
--Average wages were generally higher for occupations that require more
education. Annual mean wages were $26,910 for occupations that typically
require no formal educational credential for entry, $41,920 for occupations
typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent, $56,140 for
occupations typically requiring an associate's degree, and $85,450 for
occupations typically requiring a bachelor's degree.
--The highest paying occupations that typically require less than a bachelor's
degree for entry included air traffic controllers ($120,260), which typically
require an associate's degree for entry; and transportation, storage, and
distribution managers ($100,740) and nuclear power reactor operators
($94,350), both of which typically require a high school diploma or the
equivalent.
--The annual mean wage for occupations that typically require an associate's
degree for entry varied from $45,310 in South Dakota to $73,500 in the
District of Columbia.
--The highest paying metropolitan areas for occupations that typically require
an associate's degree for entry included California-Lexington Park, Md.
($77,450), and San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, Calif. ($72,070). The lowest
paying metropolitan areas for this educational category included Valdosta,
Ga. ($43,100), and Johnstown, Pa. ($43,560).
Data on employment by the typical education level required to enter an occupation
are based on education and training categories from the BLS Employment Projections
program. Education and training levels assigned to each occupation are available
at www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_112.htm. Additional charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2017.htm.
STEM occupations
--There were nearly 8.9 million science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) jobs representing 6.2 percent of total U.S. employment.
--Seven of the 10 largest STEM occupations were related to computers and included
applications software developers (849,230) and computer user support specialists
(613,780). (See table 1.)
--Areas with the highest employment shares of STEM occupations were California-
Lexington Park, Md. (26.2 percent), and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif.
(20.5 percent).
--Areas with the lowest employment shares of STEM occupations included Gadsden,
Ala., and Ocean City, N.J. (approximately 1 percent of employment each).
--STEM occupations had an annual mean wage of $91,310, compared with $47,890 for
non-STEM occupations. Ninety-two of the 99 STEM occupations had mean wages
significantly above the all-occupations average of $50,620. (See table 1.)
--The highest paying STEM occupations were petroleum engineers ($154,780) and
the 3 STEM-related management occupations. (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying STEM occupations were forest and conservation technicians
($39,180) and agricultural and food science technicians ($42,910). (See
table 1.)
A list of occupations included in the STEM definition used for this release is
available at www.bls.gov/oes/stem_list_2017.xlsx. Additional STEM charts are
available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2017.htm.
Largest occupations
--The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (4.4 million),
combined food preparation and serving workers (3.6 million), and cashiers
(3.6 million). The next largest occupations nationally were general office
clerks (3.0 million), registered nurses (2.9 million), and customer service
representatives (2.8 million). (See table 1.)
--Retail salespersons was the largest occupation in 29 of the 50 states.
--Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages. Retail
salespersons ($27,460), combined food preparation and serving workers
($21,230), and cashiers ($22,130) had annual mean wages significantly below
the all-occupations average of $50,620. (See table 1.)
--Registered nurses ($73,550) and general and operations managers ($123,460)
were the largest occupations with above-average wages. (See table 1.)
Public sector occupations
--The public sector made up 15 percent of employment and had a different
occupational mix from the private sector.
--Many of the largest public sector occupations were related to education,
including elementary school teachers, except special education (public
sector employment of 1.3 million); teacher assistants (1.0 million); and
secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education
(908,480).
--Police and sheriff's patrol officers (656,000), general office clerks
(553,830), and registered nurses (475,810) also were among the occupations
with the highest public sector employment.
OES data by ownership are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Notes on the May 2017 Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Data |
| |
| With the release of the May 2017 estimates, the OES program has replaced 21 |
| detailed occupations found in the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification |
| (SOC) with 10 new aggregations of those occupations. In addition, selected |
| 4- and 5-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) |
| industries previously published by OES will no longer be published separately. |
| Some of the 4-digit NAICS industries that are no longer being published |
| separately will instead be published as OES-specific industry aggregations. |
| More information about the new occupational and industry aggregations is |
| available at www.bls.gov/oes/changes_2017.htm. |
| |
| The May 2017 estimates include for the first time some establishments that |
| were previously classified in private households. Beginning in May 2013, the |
| Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), from which the OES sample is |
| drawn, began coding some establishments that were historically found in NAICS |
| 814110 (Private Households) to NAICS 624120 (Services for the Elderly and |
| Persons with Disabilities). The establishments that changed NAICS codes caused |
| a scope increase for OES because NAICS 814110 is out of scope and NAICS 624120 |
| is in scope for OES. These newly in-scope units were removed from the survey |
| data and not used for the May 2015 and May 2016 estimates. Now that OES has |
| six survey panels collected under the new scope, these newly in-scope units |
| are included in the May 2017 estimates, aligning the scope of the OES |
| estimates for NAICS 624120 with that of the QCEW frame. |
| |
| The May 2017 OES estimates are the first to be produced using the 2017 NAICS. |
| Information about the 2017 NAICS is available at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm. |
|_________________________________________________________________________________|
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Upcoming Changes to the May 2018 Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Data |
| |
| OES will no longer publish data for metropolitan divisions and will publish |
| data for fewer nonmetropolitan areas beginning with the May 2018 estimates, |
| to be released in March or April of 2019. For the 11 large metropolitan |
| statistical areas (MSAs) that are broken down into metropolitan divisions, |
| OES will publish data at the MSA level only. In addition, the number of |
| nonmetropolitan areas will be reduced in some states. OES will continue to |
| cover the entire geography of each state, but some areas will no longer be |
| at the same level of detail. |
|_________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual survey measuring
occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments in the United States. The OES data available from BLS include cross-
industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 650 areas,
including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
metropolitan divisions, nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-
specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry
levels; and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and
hospitals.
The OES survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies
(SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while
the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OES estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of
approximately 200,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the
other in November. Responses are obtained by mail, Internet or other electronic means,
email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2017 estimates are based on responses
from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2017, November 2016,
May 2016, November 2015, May 2015, and November 2014. The overall national response
rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 72
percent based on establishments and 68 percent based on weighted sampled employment.
The unweighted sampled employment of 82 million across all six semiannual panels
represents approximately 58 percent of total national employment.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey categorizes workers into 810 detailed occupations based on the Office
of Management and Budget's 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.
Together, these detailed occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational
groups. Major group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is not included.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The May 2017 OES estimates use the 2017 North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception
of logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and
support activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814)
also are excluded. OES federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and
the federal executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local
government, are covered by the survey.
Survey sample
The OES survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files.
Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because
they do not report to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area, industry, and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be
selected than smaller employers. A census is taken of the executive branch of the
federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or
other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned
to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty
station, regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The survey does
not include the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household
workers, or unpaid family workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base
rate; cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay,
including commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded are
overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer
cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
OES receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and
most state governments. For the remaining establishments, the OES survey data are
placed into 12 intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the
corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated
by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The
responding establishments are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time
workers, and to report annual rates for occupations that are typically paid at an
annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as teachers, pilots, and
flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers, are paid
hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these
workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
Estimation methodology
The OES survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data
collected over a 3-year period. Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000
establishments. The full six-panel sample of nearly 1.2 million establishments
allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and
occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining
six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages
for the current panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels
need to be updated to the current panel's reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from
prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage updating
procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier
panel, according to the average movement of its broader occupational division.
Imputation. Some establishments do not respond for a given panel. For most employers,
a "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute missing
occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to impute
missing wage distributions. In some cases, data for current panel nonrespondents
are available from earlier panels. In those cases, the older data may be used and
aged to represent the current reference period.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to represent all
establishments for the reference period. Weights are further adjusted by the ratio of
employment totals (the average of November 2016 and May 2017 employment) from the BLS
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to employment totals from the OES survey.
Changes to the May 2017 estimates
The May 2017 OES estimates are the first to be based on the 2017 North American
Industry Classification System, which replaces the 2012 NAICS used in the May 2012-
May 2016 estimates. All six panels used in the May 2017 estimates were collected
using the 2012 NAICS; these data were mapped to the 2017 NAICS codes.
Beginning with the May 2017 estimates, OES has replaced 21 detailed occupations with
10 aggregations of those occupations. In most cases, occupations were aggregated to
the SOC broad occupation level. The remaining aggregations do not correspond to SOC
broad occupations and use OES-specific codes and titles. The purpose of these
aggregations is to achieve more robust estimates by combining similar occupations
for which the survey does not have the information needed to distinguish between
occupations for accurate coding.
In addition, some 4- and 5-digit NAICS industries that OES previously published are
no longer published separately. Some of these industries are now published at their
standard 3- and 4-digit NAICS levels, respectively. Others are published as OES-
specific industry aggregations. The new industry aggregations will improve sampling
efficiency by combining industries with similar staffing patterns.
For more information about the new aggregations, see www.bls.gov/oes/changes_2017.htm.
The May 2017 estimates include additional establishments in the services for the
elderly and persons with disabilities industry (NAICS 624120). In May 2013, the
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages program, from which the OES sample is
drawn, began coding some establishments that were historically found in private
households (NAICS 814110) to services for the elderly and persons with disabilities
(NAICS 624120). Private households are out of scope for OES, so this shift caused a
scope increase for OES in NAICS 624120. These newly in-scope units were removed from
the survey data and not used for the May 2015 and May 2016 estimates. OES now has
six panels of survey data collected under the new scope, so the May 2017 estimates
include the full set of establishments from the expanded scope of NAICS 624120 for
the first time.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OES data are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed technical information about the OES survey
is available in the Survey Methods and Reliability Statement on the BLS website
at www.bls.gov/oes/current/methods_statement.pdf.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2017
Median
Occupation Employment Mean wages hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
All occupations 142,549,250 $24.34 $50,620 $18.12
Management occupations 7,280,330 57.65 119,910 49.32
Top executives..................................................................... 2,473,740 61.55 128,020 49.58
Chief executives.................................................................. 210,160 94.25 196,050 88.11
General and operations managers................................................... 2,212,200 59.35 123,460 48.27
Legislators....................................................................... 51,380 (²) 46,350 (²)
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 685,780 66.66 138,650 59.19
Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 28,100 59.56 123,880 51.03
Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 590,380 67.60 140,600 60.24
Marketing managers............................................................... 218,970 70.01 145,620 63.57
Sales managers................................................................... 371,410 66.18 137,650 58.20
Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 67,300 61.39 127,690 53.50
Operations specialties managers.................................................... 1,752,130 62.24 129,450 55.62
Administrative services managers.................................................. 270,100 49.70 103,380 45.20
Computer and information systems managers......................................... 365,690 71.99 149,730 66.93
Financial managers................................................................ 569,380 69.01 143,530 60.14
Industrial production managers.................................................... 171,520 53.16 110,580 48.36
Purchasing managers............................................................... 70,430 58.56 121,810 55.65
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 118,680 48.43 100,740 44.45
Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 15,520 62.50 130,010 57.27
Human resources managers.......................................................... 136,310 59.38 123,510 52.94
Training and development managers................................................. 34,500 56.58 117,690 52.05
Other management occupations....................................................... 2,368,680 47.57 98,940 42.65
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 4,610 38.62 80,320 33.47
Construction managers............................................................. 263,480 48.56 101,000 43.93
Education administrators.......................................................... 477,750 45.80 95,270 42.74
Education administrators, preschool and childcare center/program................. 49,130 25.74 53,550 22.54
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school........................ 250,280 (²) 97,440 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 142,160 51.77 107,670 44.41
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 36,190 42.42 88,240 39.25
Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 179,990 70.33 146,290 66.21
Food service managers............................................................. 208,110 27.52 57,250 25.02
Funeral service managers.......................................................... 8,350 44.76 93,090 37.52
Gaming managers................................................................... 4,420 40.12 83,460 35.06
Lodging managers.................................................................. 36,610 28.67 59,620 24.90
Medical and health services managers.............................................. 346,980 53.69 111,680 47.29
Natural sciences managers......................................................... 56,210 64.26 133,670 57.20
Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 13,960 36.38 75,660 35.98
Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 186,720 34.79 72,370 28.21
Social and community service managers............................................. 141,830 33.91 70,530 30.82
Emergency management directors.................................................... 9,560 39.01 81,140 34.98
Managers, all other............................................................... 430,120 54.41 113,180 50.77
Business and financial operations occupations 7,472,750 36.70 76,330 32.55
Business operations specialists.................................................... 4,811,530 35.14 73,080 31.92
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 15,450 43.69 90,870 31.22
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 413,540 32.19 66,960 29.87
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 298,170 31.85 66,250 31.10
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 282,030 31.89 66,340 31.20
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 16,150 31.10 64,680 29.86
Compliance officers............................................................... 287,130 34.39 71,540 32.63
Cost estimators................................................................... 210,900 32.90 68,420 30.34
Human resources workers........................................................... 633,250 31.79 66,120 29.12
Human resources specialists...................................................... 553,950 31.84 66,220 29.01
Farm labor contractors........................................................... 780 23.50 48,890 17.15
Labor relations specialists...................................................... 78,510 31.51 65,540 30.38
Logisticians...................................................................... 159,800 37.86 78,740 35.86
Management analysts............................................................... 659,200 44.92 93,440 39.64
Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 102,420 25.30 52,630 23.22
Fundraisers....................................................................... 72,920 28.81 59,930 26.75
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 80,530 32.29 67,160 30.14
Training and development specialists.............................................. 280,340 31.11 64,700 29.02
Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 596,450 34.35 71,450 30.40
Business operations specialists, all other........................................ 1,001,420 36.42 75,740 33.66
Financial specialists.............................................................. 2,661,230 39.51 82,190 33.71
Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,241,000 37.46 77,920 33.34
Appraisers and assessors of real estate........................................... 58,880 29.25 60,830 25.97
Budget analysts................................................................... 54,550 37.83 78,680 36.17
Credit analysts................................................................... 74,850 39.86 82,900 34.27
Financial analysts and advisors................................................... 584,940 50.27 104,570 39.79
Financial analysts............................................................... 294,110 47.80 99,430 40.53
Personal financial advisors...................................................... 200,920 59.68 124,140 43.58
Insurance underwriters........................................................... 89,910 37.34 77,660 33.54
Financial examiners............................................................... 52,580 44.12 91,780 39.28
Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 343,150 36.03 74,940 29.73
Credit counselors................................................................ 35,900 23.78 49,460 21.50
Loan officers.................................................................... 307,240 37.46 77,920 31.09
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 125,380 25.26 52,530 22.52
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 56,660 28.43 59,140 25.54
Tax preparers.................................................................... 68,720 22.64 47,090 18.62
Financial specialists, all other.................................................. 125,900 36.84 76,630 33.42
Computer and mathematical occupations 4,261,460 43.18 89,810 40.66
Computer occupations............................................................... 4,094,930 43.16 89,780 40.67
Computer and information research scientists...................................... 27,920 57.49 119,570 55.06
Computer and information analysts................................................. 687,210 45.10 93,800 42.92
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 581,960 44.59 92,740 42.44
Information security analysts.................................................... 105,250 47.93 99,690 45.92
Software developers and programmers............................................... 1,617,400 49.27 102,470 47.00
Computer programmers............................................................. 247,690 42.08 87,530 39.54
Software developers, applications................................................ 849,230 51.30 106,710 48.94
Software developers, systems software............................................ 394,590 53.74 111,780 51.73
Web developers................................................................... 125,890 35.63 74,110 32.69
Database and systems administrators and network architects........................ 646,570 44.26 92,070 41.87
Database administrators.......................................................... 113,690 42.81 89,050 41.84
Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 375,040 41.51 86,340 38.99
Computer network architects...................................................... 157,830 51.86 107,870 50.31
Computer support specialists...................................................... 800,010 27.53 57,260 25.39
Computer user support specialists................................................ 613,780 26.03 54,150 24.14
Computer network support specialists............................................. 186,230 32.46 67,510 29.97
Computer occupations, all other................................................... 315,830 43.79 91,080 42.56
Mathematical science occupations................................................... 166,530 43.49 90,460 40.41
Actuaries......................................................................... 19,210 55.21 114,850 48.83
Mathematicians.................................................................... 2,730 50.33 104,700 49.52
Operations research analysts...................................................... 106,050 41.59 86,510 39.13
Statisticians..................................................................... 36,540 42.78 88,980 40.41
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations.................................... 2,000 35.42 73,670 27.83
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,516,780 41.44 86,190 38.07
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 177,030 37.97 78,970 34.63
Architects, except naval.......................................................... 122,160 40.82 84,910 36.82
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 103,110 42.07 87,500 37.72
Landscape architects............................................................. 19,040 34.08 70,880 31.62
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 54,870 31.60 65,740 29.70
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 11,440 32.40 67,390 30.76
Surveyors........................................................................ 43,430 31.40 65,300 29.40
Engineers.......................................................................... 1,665,220 47.21 98,190 44.34
Aerospace engineers............................................................... 65,760 55.43 115,300 54.34
Agricultural engineers............................................................ 1,770 37.49 77,970 35.95
Biomedical engineers.............................................................. 20,100 44.70 92,970 42.33
Chemical engineers................................................................ 33,500 54.05 112,430 49.12
Civil engineers................................................................... 298,910 44.13 91,790 40.75
Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 66,770 57.52 119,650 55.35
Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 318,300 49.34 102,620 47.10
Electrical engineers............................................................. 183,370 47.87 99,580 45.70
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 134,930 51.33 106,760 49.13
Environmental engineers........................................................... 52,640 43.83 91,180 41.73
Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 291,660 43.51 90,500 41.39
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 26,130 44.32 92,190 42.55
Industrial engineers............................................................. 265,520 43.43 90,340 41.29
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 10,960 46.59 96,910 43.74
Materials engineers............................................................... 27,200 47.41 98,610 45.48
Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 291,290 43.99 91,500 41.29
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 6,150 49.86 103,710 45.31
Nuclear engineers................................................................. 16,700 52.36 108,910 50.87
Petroleum engineers............................................................... 32,010 74.41 154,780 63.60
Engineers, all other.............................................................. 131,500 47.74 99,310 46.75
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 674,540 28.10 58,450 26.83
Drafters.......................................................................... 195,510 27.44 57,080 26.04
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 95,960 26.50 55,110 25.42
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 26,060 30.64 63,720 28.70
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 58,190 27.96 58,150 26.50
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 15,300 25.96 53,990 24.18
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................................... 427,140 29.11 60,550 27.97
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians................................. 11,710 34.30 71,340 32.33
Civil engineering technicians.................................................... 71,430 25.77 53,600 24.82
Electrical and electronics engineering technicians............................... 128,320 30.91 64,290 30.60
Electro-mechanical technicians................................................... 13,050 28.60 59,490 27.28
Environmental engineering technicians............................................ 17,590 25.77 53,610 24.15
Industrial engineering technicians............................................... 65,020 27.79 57,810 26.10
Mechanical engineering technicians............................................... 43,390 27.97 58,180 26.62
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other.............................. 76,630 31.03 64,550 29.92
Surveying and mapping technicians................................................. 51,890 22.28 46,350 20.84
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,148,300 35.76 74,370 31.01
Life scientists.................................................................... 292,310 40.80 84,860 35.43
Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 31,750 33.88 70,480 30.25
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,550 33.10 68,840 29.21
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 15,020 34.61 71,990 30.60
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 14,180 33.26 69,170 30.01
Biological scientists............................................................. 104,550 40.41 84,060 36.04
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 27,380 50.68 105,410 43.84
Microbiologists.................................................................. 21,870 37.69 78,400 33.64
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 17,710 31.85 66,250 29.95
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 37,590 38.56 80,200 36.87
Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 30,340 30.76 63,990 29.31
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 22,040 31.18 64,850 29.56
Foresters........................................................................ 8,300 29.67 61,710 28.90
Medical scientists................................................................ 118,560 45.64 94,920 38.93
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 6,870 36.65 76,230 33.49
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 111,690 46.19 96,070 39.46
Life scientists, all other........................................................ 7,120 39.55 82,270 35.84
Physical scientists................................................................ 253,660 42.53 88,470 37.88
Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 18,720 58.47 121,620 56.36
Astronomers...................................................................... 2,020 52.67 109,560 48.36
Physicists....................................................................... 16,710 59.17 123,080 57.13
Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 8,940 45.05 93,710 44.27
Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 91,880 40.14 83,500 36.67
Chemists......................................................................... 84,400 39.36 81,870 35.94
Materials scientists............................................................. 7,470 48.99 101,910 47.85
Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 116,790 40.33 83,890 35.51
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 81,920 36.64 76,220 33.37
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 28,520 50.88 105,830 43.20
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,350 40.53 84,290 38.46
Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 17,320 51.53 107,180 49.99
Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 243,150 39.96 83,110 37.01
Economists........................................................................ 19,550 54.16 112,650 49.27
Survey researchers................................................................ 11,270 29.18 60,700 26.09
Psychologists..................................................................... 121,870 39.79 82,770 37.03
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists................................... 108,060 39.10 81,330 36.10
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 920 49.29 102,530 41.87
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 12,880 44.92 93,440 46.99
Sociologists...................................................................... 2,770 41.41 86,130 38.29
Urban and regional planners....................................................... 35,310 35.75 74,350 34.37
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 52,380 40.12 83,450 37.83
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 6,120 31.89 66,330 29.94
Geographers...................................................................... 1,400 36.92 76,790 36.95
Historians....................................................................... 3,060 30.88 64,220 28.42
Political scientists............................................................. 6,320 53.86 112,030 55.34
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 35,490 40.01 83,230 38.16
Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 359,180 24.02 49,970 22.01
Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 21,120 20.63 42,910 19.19
Biological technicians............................................................ 74,980 22.79 47,410 21.06
Chemical technicians.............................................................. 64,550 24.52 51,010 22.73
Geological and petroleum technicians.............................................. 14,820 30.50 63,450 26.05
Nuclear technicians............................................................... 6,850 38.46 80,000 38.64
Social science research assistants................................................ 31,500 23.57 49,030 22.12
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 145,360 23.69 49,270 21.97
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 32,840 23.71 49,310 21.87
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 15,070 29.43 61,220 27.81
Forest and conservation technicians.............................................. 30,570 18.84 39,180 17.37
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 66,890 24.60 51,160 23.12
Community and social service occupations 2,096,740 23.10 48,050 21.08
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 2,017,250 23.11 48,060 21.09
Counselors........................................................................ 687,150 24.36 50,670 22.47
Educational, guidance, school, and vocational counselors......................... 271,350 28.18 58,620 26.64
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 42,880 25.89 53,860 23.45
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 103,840 18.73 38,950 16.76
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors............... 241,930 22.38 46,560 20.82
Counselors, all other............................................................ 27,150 22.89 47,600 20.85
Social workers.................................................................... 644,290 24.82 51,630 23.07
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 306,370 23.28 48,430 21.34
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 167,730 27.31 56,810 26.38
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 112,040 22.99 47,830 20.79
Social workers, all other........................................................ 58,150 29.28 60,900 29.80
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 685,810 20.23 42,090 18.11
Health educators................................................................. 58,040 28.37 59,010 25.93
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 87,700 27.23 56,630 24.71
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 384,080 17.05 35,460 15.92
Community health workers......................................................... 54,760 20.36 42,340 18.45
Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 101,230 21.53 44,780 19.99
Religious workers.................................................................. 79,490 23.02 47,880 20.87
Clergy............................................................................ 49,850 24.43 50,800 22.65
Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 21,430 21.86 45,470 18.74
Religious workers, all other...................................................... 8,210 17.49 36,380 14.09
Legal occupations 1,095,770 51.62 107,370 38.50
Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 692,660 66.18 137,660 55.87
Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 643,630 67.26 139,900 56.26
Lawyers.......................................................................... 628,370 68.22 141,890 57.33
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 15,260 27.84 57,920 24.68
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 49,030 52.09 108,340 50.89
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 14,480 47.25 98,280 45.57
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 6,110 35.11 73,020 29.17
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 28,440 58.20 121,050 64.34
Legal support workers.............................................................. 403,110 26.60 55,330 24.34
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 290,410 25.92 53,910 24.24
Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 112,700 28.36 59,000 24.66
Court reporters.................................................................. 15,220 28.88 60,060 26.50
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 53,040 24.61 51,180 22.53
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 44,440 32.67 67,960 26.98
Education, training, and library occupations 8,727,710 26.67 55,470 23.43
Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,525,170 (²) 82,880 (²)
Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 84,340 (²) 100,270 (²)
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary......................................... 83,100 (²) 87,380 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 32,230 (²) 91,590 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 50,870 (²) 84,710 (²)
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 44,780 (²) 106,770 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 7,280 (²) 91,000 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 37,500 (²) 109,830 (²)
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 62,710 (²) 92,790 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 10,800 (²) 91,690 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 49,910 (²) 93,010 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 2,000 (²) 93,200 (²)
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 51,530 (²) 94,740 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 10,730 (²) 98,560 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 21,090 (²) 90,610 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 5,990 (²) 87,660 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 13,710 (²) 101,190 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 115,860 (²) 89,600 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,770 (²) 93,500 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 9,850 (²) 83,330 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 12,770 (²) 114,820 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 3,980 (²) 87,810 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 16,200 (²) 98,620 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 37,090 (²) 85,050 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,630 (²) 83,840 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 16,580 (²) 79,050 (²)
Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 250,190 (²) 112,770 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 194,610 (²) 122,890 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 55,580 (²) 77,360 (²)
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 65,500 (²) 72,510 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 60,500 (²) 72,410 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 5,010 (²) 73,680 (²)
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 43,540 (²) 94,200 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 14,210 (²) 68,980 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 16,900 (²) 129,840 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 12,430 (²) 74,560 (²)
Arts, communications, and humanities teachers, postsecondary...................... 264,290 (²) 78,160 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 95,110 (²) 78,720 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 28,770 (²) 75,640 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 69,140 (²) 77,660 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 27,240 (²) 75,950 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 21,120 (²) 82,900 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 22,920 (²) 78,790 (²)
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 459,310 (²) 59,000 (²)
Graduate teaching assistants..................................................... 136,820 (²) 37,720 (²)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary........................................... 2,580 (²) 77,220 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 16,630 (²) 69,560 (²)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary..................................... 114,020 27.23 56,630 24.81
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 189,270 (²) 74,630 (²)
Preschool, primary, secondary, and special education school teachers............... 4,174,870 (²) 58,780 (²)
Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 550,390 19.04 39,600 16.13
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 409,740 16.15 33,590 13.94
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 140,660 (²) 57,110 (²)
Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 2,043,520 (²) 60,900 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,409,140 (²) 60,830 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 622,340 (²) 61,040 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 12,040 (²) 61,680 (²)
Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,106,060 (²) 62,730 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 1,027,230 (²) 62,860 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 78,840 (²) 61,010 (²)
Special education teachers........................................................ 474,890 (²) 62,640 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 28,540 (²) 58,390 (²)
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 184,920 (²) 61,960 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 87,550 (²) 63,250 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 135,910 (²) 64,590 (²)
Special education teachers, all other............................................ 37,980 (²) 60,750 (²)
Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 1,204,930 18.89 39,290 15.60
Adult basic and secondary education and literacy teachers and instructors......... 60,670 27.31 56,800 25.05
Self-enrichment education teachers................................................ 238,710 21.46 44,630 18.48
Miscellaneous teachers and instructors............................................ 905,550 17.65 36,700 14.57
Substitute teachers.............................................................. 611,310 15.15 31,510 13.59
Teachers and instructors, all other, except substitute teachers.................. 294,240 (²) 47,490 (²)
Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 246,760 24.30 50,540 22.78
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 29,920 25.22 52,450 22.77
Archivists....................................................................... 6,080 26.67 55,470 24.88
Curators......................................................................... 11,550 28.28 58,830 25.85
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 12,290 21.62 44,970 19.55
Librarians........................................................................ 126,800 29.21 60,760 28.14
Library technicians............................................................... 90,030 17.07 35,510 16.20
Other education, training, and library occupations................................. 1,576,000 (²) 33,320 (²)
Audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists............................... 10,430 24.66 51,290 23.36
Farm and home management advisors................................................. 8,450 25.11 52,220 23.80
Instructional coordinators........................................................ 157,490 32.06 66,680 30.65
Teacher assistants................................................................ 1,299,800 (²) 27,950 (²)
Education, training, and library workers, all other............................... 99,830 22.69 47,200 20.74
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,925,140 28.34 58,950 23.19
Art and design workers............................................................. 597,970 25.92 53,910 21.75
Artists and related workers....................................................... 90,940 39.85 82,900 35.62
Art directors.................................................................... 38,110 49.76 103,510 44.47
Craft artists.................................................................... 4,730 19.80 41,180 16.80
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 11,230 27.66 57,520 23.81
Multimedia artists and animators................................................. 29,860 36.81 76,560 33.91
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,010 32.01 66,590 30.55
Designers......................................................................... 507,030 23.42 48,720 19.94
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 31,250 33.91 70,540 31.72
Fashion designers................................................................ 18,940 37.92 78,870 32.41
Floral designers................................................................. 43,470 13.57 28,220 12.67
Graphic designers................................................................ 217,170 25.62 53,280 23.41
Interior designers............................................................... 56,070 27.99 58,210 24.76
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 120,870 14.88 30,940 13.31
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 11,490 28.65 59,590 25.52
Designers, all other............................................................. 7,770 31.92 66,400 26.89
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 508,410 28.78 59,860 20.20
Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 161,000 40.74 84,740 30.17
Actors........................................................................... 43,470 32.89 (²) 17.49
Producers and directors.......................................................... 117,520 43.64 90,770 34.43
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 265,160 (²) 43,940 (²)
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 11,150 (²) 88,300 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 235,400 (²) 42,540 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 18,610 (²) 35,080 (²)
Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 15,240 20.41 42,450 17.15
Dancers.......................................................................... 9,930 17.70 (²) 14.25
Choreographers................................................................... 5,310 25.47 52,970 23.28
Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 55,570 34.11 (²) 25.95
Music directors and composers.................................................... 15,400 29.56 61,490 24.32
Musicians and singers............................................................ 40,170 35.86 (²) 26.96
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other................ 11,440 23.15 (²) 17.09
Media and communication workers.................................................... 581,520 31.07 64,620 27.09
Announcers........................................................................ 36,500 22.29 46,350 15.15
Radio and television announcers.................................................. 28,580 22.90 47,630 15.60
Public address system and other announcers....................................... 7,920 20.07 41,740 13.67
News analysts, reporters and correspondents....................................... 44,480 27.04 56,250 19.67
Broadcast news analysts.......................................................... 5,700 42.43 88,250 30.24
Reporters and correspondents..................................................... 38,790 24.79 51,550 18.93
Public relations specialists...................................................... 233,730 32.69 67,990 28.51
Writers and editors............................................................... 192,160 34.02 70,760 30.15
Editors.......................................................................... 96,890 32.80 68,230 28.25
Technical writers................................................................ 49,960 35.79 74,440 34.10
Writers and authors.............................................................. 45,300 34.67 72,120 29.72
Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 74,650 25.09 52,190 22.77
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 53,150 24.90 51,790 22.69
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 21,510 25.56 53,160 23.03
Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 237,240 26.82 55,780 21.91
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators................... 117,270 23.88 49,660 20.51
Audio and video equipment technicians............................................ 72,740 22.85 47,530 20.28
Broadcast technicians............................................................ 30,390 22.47 46,730 18.78
Radio operators.................................................................. 770 21.39 44,490 21.31
Sound engineering technicians.................................................... 13,370 32.78 68,180 26.83
Photographers..................................................................... 49,320 20.17 41,940 15.62
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors................ 51,630 36.01 74,890 27.99
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture.......................... 20,860 29.58 61,530 25.74
Film and video editors........................................................... 30,770 40.36 83,950 29.41
Media and communication equipment workers, all other.............................. 19,030 37.27 77,520 38.22
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 8,506,740 38.83 80,760 31.14
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners....................................... 5,269,630 48.45 100,780 38.21
Chiropractors..................................................................... 33,630 40.07 83,350 33.00
Dentists.......................................................................... 125,300 86.54 180,010 76.02
Dentists, general................................................................ 110,400 83.71 174,110 72.81
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 4,800 116.70 242,740 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,080 110.28 229,380 (³)
Prosthodontists.................................................................. 430 94.69 196,960 89.02
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 4,590 96.15 199,980 91.75
Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 62,980 28.92 60,150 28.56
Optometrists...................................................................... 37,240 57.26 119,100 53.03
Pharmacists....................................................................... 309,330 58.52 121,710 59.70
Physicians and surgeons........................................................... 666,490 103.22 214,700 (³)
Anesthesiologists................................................................ 30,590 127.88 265,990 (³)
Family and general practitioners................................................. 126,440 100.27 208,560 95.55
Internists, general.............................................................. 42,280 95.37 198,370 92.75
Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................. 18,880 113.10 235,240 (³)
Pediatricians, general........................................................... 28,990 90.16 187,540 83.00
Psychiatrists.................................................................... 25,250 103.89 216,090 (³)
Surgeons......................................................................... 38,600 121.10 251,890 (³)
Physicians and surgeons, all other............................................... 355,460 101.63 211,390 (³)
Physician assistants.............................................................. 109,220 50.37 104,760 50.41
Podiatrists....................................................................... 9,670 71.38 148,470 61.41
Therapists........................................................................ 676,140 37.86 78,740 36.79
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 126,050 40.69 84,640 40.00
Physical therapists.............................................................. 225,420 42.34 88,080 41.76
Radiation therapists............................................................. 17,250 40.96 85,190 38.73
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 18,490 23.88 49,670 22.92
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 128,250 29.72 61,810 28.71
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 142,360 38.35 79,770 36.83
Exercise physiologists........................................................... 6,300 26.31 54,730 23.60
Therapists, all other............................................................ 12,020 28.02 58,290 25.89
Veterinarians..................................................................... 69,370 48.81 101,530 43.47
Registered nurses................................................................. 2,906,840 35.36 73,550 33.65
Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 42,620 81.47 169,450 79.38
Nurse midwives.................................................................... 6,530 49.83 103,640 48.36
Nurse practitioners............................................................... 166,280 51.68 107,480 49.94
Audiologists...................................................................... 12,020 38.48 80,040 36.50
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other........................... 35,970 40.49 84,210 35.49
Health technologists and technicians............................................... 3,075,910 22.74 47,310 20.95
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 322,380 25.59 53,230 24.89
Dental hygienists................................................................. 211,600 35.91 74,680 35.61
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians.................................. 382,500 30.79 64,040 29.98
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians..................................... 56,130 27.52 57,250 26.57
Diagnostic medical sonographers.................................................. 68,750 35.19 73,200 34.33
Nuclear medicine technologists................................................... 18,930 37.33 77,660 36.38
Radiologic technologists......................................................... 201,200 29.00 60,320 28.10
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists......................................... 37,490 33.89 70,490 33.62
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 251,860 17.64 36,700 16.05
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 785,590 17.27 35,910 16.28
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 33,370 14.24 29,610 12.74
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 417,720 15.90 33,060 15.26
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 66,930 17.34 36,070 15.23
Respiratory therapy technicians.................................................. 9,600 24.47 50,900 24.21
Surgical technologists........................................................... 106,470 23.11 48,060 22.26
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 103,430 16.69 34,710 16.06
Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 48,060 18.03 37,500 17.27
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 702,700 21.98 45,710 21.65
Medical records and health information technicians................................ 204,220 20.59 42,820 18.83
Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 75,450 18.79 39,070 17.43
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians................................ 139,620 23.36 48,600 20.88
Orthotists and prosthetists...................................................... 7,840 34.12 70,970 31.85
Hearing aid specialists.......................................................... 7,380 27.42 57,030 26.38
Health technologists and technicians, all other.................................. 124,390 22.45 46,690 20.10
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 161,190 31.19 64,870 29.19
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 98,830 33.71 70,120 32.56
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 81,330 35.38 73,600 34.51
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 17,490 25.93 53,930 24.02
Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers.......................... 62,360 27.19 56,550 23.72
Athletic trainers................................................................ 25,010 (²) 48,630 (²)
Genetic counselors............................................................... 2,660 37.56 78,130 37.25
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 34,700 29.13 60,600 24.77
Healthcare support occupations 4,113,410 15.05 31,310 13.80
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides........................................ 2,393,040 13.03 27,110 12.31
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................................... 2,393,040 13.03 27,110 12.31
Home health aides................................................................ 820,960 11.67 24,280 11.16
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 65,770 14.10 29,330 13.04
Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,453,670 13.72 28,540 13.23
Orderlies........................................................................ 52,630 13.94 28,990 13.07
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 188,850 23.70 49,300 24.28
Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 49,390 26.66 55,450 27.25
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 41,650 28.59 59,470 28.51
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 7,740 16.24 33,780 14.04
Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 139,460 22.65 47,120 22.56
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 90,170 27.70 57,620 27.61
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 49,290 13.42 27,910 12.37
Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,531,520 17.14 35,650 16.31
Massage therapists................................................................ 103,300 21.61 44,950 19.23
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,428,220 16.82 34,980 16.18
Dental assistants................................................................ 337,160 18.60 38,690 18.09
Medical assistants............................................................... 646,320 16.15 33,580 15.61
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 53,920 17.82 37,060 17.00
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 55,880 17.50 36,400 16.95
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 35,960 13.96 29,030 12.56
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 84,400 13.26 27,570 12.57
Phlebotomists.................................................................... 122,550 16.69 34,710 16.19
Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 92,030 18.56 38,600 17.89
Protective service occupations 3,408,680 22.69 47,190 19.01
Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 280,260 35.97 74,810 33.38
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 147,140 40.62 84,490 38.52
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 42,280 32.15 66,880 30.05
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 104,860 44.03 91,590 42.26
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers.................... 58,690 38.19 79,430 36.62
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other................... 74,430 25.02 52,040 23.77
Fire fighting and prevention workers............................................... 333,760 25.13 52,260 23.76
Firefighters...................................................................... 319,860 24.97 51,930 23.60
Fire inspectors................................................................... 13,900 28.83 59,960 27.25
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 11,940 29.93 62,260 28.49
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 1,960 22.11 45,990 17.97
Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,235,290 28.75 59,790 26.21
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 447,350 22.86 47,540 20.92
Bailiffs......................................................................... 18,480 22.21 46,190 20.65
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 428,870 22.88 47,600 20.93
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 105,350 40.06 83,320 38.45
Fish and game wardens............................................................. 6,020 28.16 58,570 27.12
Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 8,660 19.63 40,840 18.76
Police officers................................................................... 667,910 31.03 64,540 29.41
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 662,390 31.00 64,490 29.35
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 5,520 34.27 71,280 33.79
Other protective service workers................................................... 1,559,360 14.98 31,170 13.05
Animal control workers............................................................ 12,700 18.07 37,580 17.08
Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 30,980 26.48 55,080 24.38
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................................. 1,115,730 14.80 30,780 12.96
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators............................ 10,290 17.39 36,160 15.99
Security guards.................................................................. 1,105,440 14.78 30,730 12.93
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 399,960 14.51 30,180 12.58
Crossing guards.................................................................. 76,440 14.50 30,170 13.28
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 145,660 11.33 23,570 10.24
Transportation security screeners................................................ 42,470 19.69 40,960 19.51
Protective service workers, all other............................................ 135,390 16.31 33,930 14.54
Food preparation and serving related occupations 13,193,090 11.88 24,710 10.53
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 1,058,870 17.89 37,220 16.06
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 1,058,870 17.89 37,220 16.06
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 131,430 23.87 49,650 22.09
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 927,440 17.05 35,460 15.37
Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 3,207,700 12.04 25,040 11.36
Cooks............................................................................. 2,375,000 12.23 25,440 11.52
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 503,780 10.39 21,610 10.12
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 404,120 13.20 27,450 12.43
Cooks, private household......................................................... 500 20.67 42,990 18.40
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,276,510 12.71 26,440 12.10
Cooks, short order............................................................... 174,230 11.57 24,060 10.93
Cooks, all other................................................................. 15,870 14.38 29,900 13.46
Food preparation workers.......................................................... 832,690 11.49 23,900 10.93
Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 7,515,370 11.16 23,220 9.86
Bartenders........................................................................ 613,350 12.63 26,260 10.43
Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 4,053,160 10.28 21,380 9.73
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food............... 3,576,220 10.21 21,230 9.70
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop.................. 476,940 10.83 22,530 10.23
Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 2,584,220 12.15 25,280 10.01
Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 264,630 11.61 24,150 10.73
Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,411,160 10.86 22,580 10.33
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 436,730 11.08 23,050 10.18
Dishwashers....................................................................... 503,540 10.68 22,210 10.34
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 414,540 10.72 22,290 10.06
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 56,350 11.72 24,380 10.88
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,424,440 13.91 28,930 12.32
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 255,410 21.82 45,380 20.28
First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 255,410 21.82 45,380 20.28
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 155,090 20.37 42,380 18.86
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 100,320 24.05 50,020 22.61
Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 3,176,790 13.06 27,170 11.71
Building cleaning workers......................................................... 3,101,660 12.95 26,940 11.65
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,164,040 13.41 27,900 12.02
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 922,660 11.84 24,630 10.99
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 14,970 15.23 31,690 13.97
Pest control workers.............................................................. 75,130 17.60 36,610 16.52
Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 992,240 14.58 30,330 13.51
Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 992,240 14.58 30,330 13.51
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 912,360 14.28 29,700 13.31
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 25,900 17.97 37,370 16.74
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 41,140 18.55 38,580 17.53
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 12,840 16.75 34,850 14.45
Personal care and service occupations 5,159,100 13.11 27,270 11.35
Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 244,300 20.04 41,690 18.51
First-line supervisors of gaming workers.......................................... 30,670 23.85 49,600 23.49
First-line supervisors of personal service workers................................ 213,620 19.50 40,550 18.01
Animal care and service workers.................................................... 204,850 12.42 25,840 11.13
Animal trainers................................................................... 14,340 16.71 34,760 13.88
Nonfarm animal caretakers......................................................... 190,520 12.10 25,170 11.03
Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 586,270 11.25 23,390 10.09
Gaming services workers........................................................... 115,130 11.51 23,950 9.73
Gaming dealers................................................................... 94,260 11.02 22,910 9.53
Gaming and sports book writers and runners....................................... 11,210 13.25 27,550 11.55
Gaming service workers, all other................................................ 9,660 14.38 29,910 13.00
Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 5,700 11.92 24,790 10.60
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 124,710 10.85 22,580 10.01
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 340,740 11.29 23,480 10.27
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 310,970 10.94 22,760 10.13
Costume attendants............................................................... 6,430 22.93 47,700 20.49
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 17,950 12.34 25,670 10.98
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 5,390 13.95 29,010 11.63
Funeral service workers............................................................ 64,630 19.12 39,780 15.53
Embalmers......................................................................... 4,200 21.65 45,040 20.57
Funeral attendants................................................................ 34,970 13.04 27,120 12.04
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors.................................... 25,460 27.07 56,300 24.93
Personal appearance workers........................................................ 536,550 14.35 29,840 11.73
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 370,710 14.66 30,480 11.97
Barbers.......................................................................... 18,810 14.65 30,480 12.33
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 351,910 14.66 30,490 11.95
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 165,830 13.66 28,410 11.44
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 3,540 33.32 69,310 28.51
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 104,020 12.01 24,980 11.17
Shampooers....................................................................... 13,330 10.41 21,650 9.77
Skincare specialists............................................................. 44,940 16.89 35,130 14.46
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 78,370 14.00 29,110 12.36
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 78,370 14.00 29,110 12.36
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 42,620 12.55 26,100 11.17
Concierges....................................................................... 35,750 15.72 32,700 14.49
Tour and travel guides............................................................. 46,140 14.03 29,180 12.39
Tour and travel guides............................................................ 46,140 14.03 29,180 12.39
Other personal care and service workers............................................ 3,397,990 12.63 26,280 11.29
Childcare workers................................................................. 562,420 11.42 23,760 10.72
Personal care aides............................................................... 2,035,610 11.59 24,100 11.11
Recreation and fitness workers.................................................... 632,430 16.79 34,930 13.72
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors........................................ 280,080 21.02 43,720 18.85
Recreation workers............................................................... 352,350 13.44 27,950 11.80
Residential advisors.............................................................. 110,720 13.87 28,850 12.90
Personal care and service workers, all other...................................... 56,820 13.35 27,760 12.45
Sales and related occupations 14,522,580 19.56 40,680 12.99
Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,452,010 24.27 50,480 20.12
First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,452,010 24.27 50,480 20.12
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,200,180 20.95 43,580 18.54
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 251,830 40.08 83,370 34.45
Retail sales workers............................................................... 8,729,350 12.29 25,560 10.77
Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,588,960 10.65 22,160 10.12
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,564,920 10.64 22,130 10.11
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers......................................... 24,050 12.48 25,950 11.50
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 698,300 14.85 30,890 13.04
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 445,530 14.30 29,740 12.41
Parts salespersons............................................................... 252,770 15.83 32,920 14.13
Retail salespersons............................................................... 4,442,090 13.20 27,460 11.16
Sales representatives, services.................................................... 1,983,790 33.50 69,680 25.22
Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 136,520 29.34 61,020 23.89
Insurance sales agents............................................................ 386,320 32.21 66,990 23.90
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 389,610 46.85 97,440 30.66
Travel agents..................................................................... 67,330 19.64 40,840 17.78
Sales representatives, services, all other........................................ 1,004,020 30.31 63,050 25.24
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,718,580 34.88 72,540 29.01
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,718,580 34.88 72,540 29.01
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products........................................................................ 327,190 44.24 92,010 37.90
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and
scientific products............................................................. 1,391,400 32.67 67,960 27.39
Other sales and related workers.................................................... 638,860 23.72 49,340 16.17
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 88,500 15.30 31,830 12.97
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 84,780 15.30 31,830 13.01
Models........................................................................... 3,710 15.32 31,870 11.01
Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 188,490 30.35 63,130 23.02
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 40,530 36.50 75,910 27.28
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 147,960 28.67 59,630 22.11
Sales engineers................................................................... 70,820 51.42 106,950 47.46
Telemarketers..................................................................... 189,670 13.30 27,670 11.76
Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 101,380 18.89 39,300 15.79
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 7,520 13.59 28,260 11.45
Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 93,860 19.32 40,180 16.30
Office and administrative support occupations 21,965,480 18.24 37,950 16.70
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,458,380 28.14 58,540 26.47
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,458,380 28.14 58,540 26.47
Communications equipment operators................................................. 88,680 15.09 31,390 14.02
Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 80,380 14.69 30,550 13.80
Telephone operators............................................................... 6,310 18.47 38,410 17.46
Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 1,980 20.63 42,910 19.94
Financial clerks................................................................... 3,044,000 18.55 38,580 17.56
Bill and account collectors....................................................... 271,700 18.10 37,650 16.99
Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 476,010 18.49 38,460 17.72
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,532,340 19.76 41,110 18.87
Gaming cage workers............................................................... 17,030 13.57 28,210 12.65
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 152,990 21.61 44,950 21.10
Procurement clerks................................................................ 70,510 20.35 42,320 20.15
Tellers........................................................................... 491,150 13.89 28,880 13.52
Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 32,260 20.49 42,630 19.22
Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,694,680 16.79 34,930 15.51
Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 58,930 25.41 52,850 23.94
Correspondence clerks............................................................. 6,370 18.32 38,100 17.61
Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 133,330 19.11 39,760 17.93
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 34,350 19.07 39,670 17.93
Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,767,790 17.14 35,650 15.81
Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 140,590 21.45 44,620 21.35
File clerks....................................................................... 118,840 15.48 32,200 14.48
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 253,540 11.66 24,250 10.99
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 189,600 16.62 34,570 15.92
Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 94,140 13.54 28,170 12.41
Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 227,430 19.52 40,610 18.78
New accounts clerks............................................................... 41,680 17.58 36,560 16.95
Order clerks...................................................................... 169,120 16.99 35,330 16.11
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 134,570 19.57 40,700 18.98
Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 1,014,900 14.25 29,640 13.65
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 148,220 19.16 39,850 17.44
Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 161,250 19.56 40,690 19.16
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 4,152,650 16.73 34,790 14.95
Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 89,920 21.62 44,980 20.11
Couriers and messengers........................................................... 76,710 14.42 30,000 13.58
Dispatchers....................................................................... 293,970 20.24 42,110 18.79
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers.......................................... 95,450 20.20 42,020 19.06
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 198,520 20.26 42,150 18.65
Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 33,860 20.87 43,410 18.86
Postal service workers............................................................ 531,750 24.04 50,010 27.53
Postal service clerks............................................................ 82,890 23.91 49,730 28.15
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 336,900 24.05 50,020 27.40
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 111,960 24.12 50,160 27.53
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 336,000 23.57 49,020 22.44
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................................... 671,780 16.25 33,790 15.29
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................................... 2,046,040 13.20 27,450 11.77
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 72,630 15.54 32,330 14.51
Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,613,300 19.74 41,060 18.21
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,613,300 19.74 41,060 18.21
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 596,080 28.56 59,400 27.60
Legal secretaries................................................................ 185,870 23.37 48,600 21.51
Medical secretaries.............................................................. 576,520 17.25 35,870 16.64
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 2,254,820 17.75 36,920 17.11
Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,913,800 16.73 34,800 15.66
Computer operators................................................................ 40,400 21.79 45,320 21.28
Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 245,300 16.73 34,800 15.85
Data entry keyers................................................................ 180,100 15.64 32,530 14.87
Word processors and typists...................................................... 65,200 19.74 41,070 19.11
Desktop publishers................................................................ 12,000 21.72 45,170 20.36
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 277,130 19.76 41,090 18.65
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 85,800 15.00 31,200 14.24
Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,967,620 16.30 33,910 15.14
Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 54,950 15.96 33,190 15.08
Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 11,420 19.43 40,410 18.05
Statistical assistants............................................................ 10,110 23.60 49,090 22.79
Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 209,070 17.96 37,360 17.11
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 470,920 13.87 28,840 11.73
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 20,750 24.11 50,160 22.39
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 20,750 24.11 50,160 22.39
Agricultural workers............................................................... 404,610 12.78 26,580 11.46
Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 13,960 21.60 44,930 20.86
Animal breeders................................................................... 1,800 20.89 43,450 18.06
Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 39,810 11.84 24,620 11.22
Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 349,040 12.49 25,990 11.40
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 26,070 15.12 31,440 14.48
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 282,300 12.05 25,070 11.24
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 35,460 13.38 27,840 12.24
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 5,210 17.27 35,910 14.71
Fishing and hunting workers........................................................ 750 15.06 31,330 13.72
Fishers and related fishing workers............................................... 520 15.00 31,190 13.61
Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 44,800 18.91 39,330 18.01
Forest and conservation workers................................................... 7,080 15.06 31,320 13.30
Logging workers................................................................... 37,730 19.63 40,830 18.67
Fallers.......................................................................... 5,420 22.56 46,930 19.56
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 26,010 19.15 39,820 18.46
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 3,010 18.61 38,710 18.21
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 3,290 19.58 40,730 19.11
Construction and extraction occupations 5,728,460 24.01 49,930 21.51
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 556,300 33.27 69,200 30.80
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 556,300 33.27 69,200 30.80
Construction trades workers........................................................ 4,348,180 23.37 48,620 20.91
Boilermakers...................................................................... 15,020 30.30 63,010 29.93
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 76,770 24.84 51,670 23.17
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 64,790 25.67 53,390 23.93
Stonemasons...................................................................... 11,990 20.37 42,370 18.72
Carpenters........................................................................ 693,050 23.86 49,630 21.71
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 81,130 21.65 45,030 19.35
Carpet installers................................................................ 26,120 21.25 44,200 18.67
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 11,860 21.41 44,530 19.25
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 4,320 18.87 39,260 17.77
Tile and marble setters.......................................................... 38,820 22.30 46,370 20.04
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 181,270 21.87 45,490 19.54
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 178,640 21.87 45,490 19.54
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 2,630 21.89 45,520 19.51
Construction laborers............................................................. 962,060 18.70 38,890 16.60
Construction equipment operators.................................................. 418,760 24.54 51,050 22.15
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 49,760 21.10 43,890 18.81
Pile-driver operators............................................................ 3,710 30.66 63,770 27.72
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 365,300 24.95 51,890 22.61
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 114,630 24.15 50,240 21.14
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 96,550 23.68 49,250 20.60
Tapers........................................................................... 18,080 26.70 55,540 24.82
Electricians...................................................................... 631,080 27.84 57,910 26.01
Glaziers.......................................................................... 47,330 22.83 47,480 20.47
Insulation workers................................................................ 55,930 21.68 45,090 19.20
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 31,100 19.52 40,600 17.81
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 24,840 24.38 50,710 21.90
Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 224,050 20.11 41,830 18.24
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 221,340 20.12 41,840 18.25
Paperhangers..................................................................... 2,710 19.68 40,930 17.80
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 466,950 26.89 55,920 24.72
Pipelayers....................................................................... 38,690 20.77 43,210 18.46
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 428,260 27.44 57,070 25.28
Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 24,180 21.83 45,410 19.59
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 18,480 26.09 54,270 22.52
Roofers........................................................................... 121,170 20.57 42,780 18.74
Sheet metal workers............................................................... 132,920 25.05 52,100 23.07
Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 74,420 27.37 56,940 25.30
Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 9,000 20.68 43,010 18.98
Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 229,470 15.38 31,980 14.48
Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 229,470 15.38 31,980 14.48
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 24,660 16.84 35,020 15.25
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 33,740 14.95 31,100 14.35
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 72,580 15.40 32,040 14.68
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 11,000 14.70 30,570 13.83
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 54,790 15.31 31,830 14.37
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 9,550 14.28 29,710 13.70
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 23,140 15.30 31,830 14.26
Other construction and related workers............................................. 410,610 23.52 48,920 21.20
Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 98,810 29.82 62,020 28.41
Elevator installers and repairers................................................. 24,490 37.08 77,130 38.21
Fence erectors.................................................................... 21,430 17.43 36,260 16.02
Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 43,260 22.27 46,330 19.91
Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 146,580 19.38 40,300 18.61
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 15,070 27.10 56,360 26.95
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 26,250 19.52 40,590 18.25
Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 34,720 20.30 42,220 18.29
Extraction workers................................................................. 183,900 22.83 47,480 21.19
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining........... 64,240 25.56 53,170 23.56
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 9,590 22.84 47,510 22.18
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 15,370 27.01 56,180 25.95
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining..................................... 39,270 25.66 53,370 23.21
Earth drillers, except oil and gas................................................ 17,470 22.83 47,480 21.08
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters....................... 5,850 25.38 52,790 23.87
Mining machine operators.......................................................... 20,240 25.82 53,710 25.58
Continuous mining machine operators.............................................. 12,000 26.46 55,040 26.26
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators.................................... 5,400 25.17 52,360 25.13
Mining machine operators, all other.............................................. 2,840 24.36 50,670 23.49
Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 4,310 17.33 36,050 16.51
Roof bolters, mining.............................................................. 3,410 28.52 59,310 28.10
Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 48,140 19.16 39,850 17.77
Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 15,280 17.73 36,870 17.17
Extraction workers, all other..................................................... 4,970 24.37 50,690 23.67
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,528,390 23.02 47,870 21.40
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 460,370 32.75 68,120 31.15
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 460,370 32.75 68,120 31.15
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 593,710 25.00 52,010 23.81
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 100,580 19.30 40,140 18.13
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 249,000 26.52 55,160 25.76
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 15,310 27.43 57,050 26.92
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 233,690 26.46 55,030 25.67
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................................ 244,120 25.81 53,680 24.82
Avionics technicians............................................................. 18,620 30.60 63,650 30.12
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 17,220 22.23 46,230 20.47
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 12,310 29.82 62,030 29.25
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 64,380 28.00 58,250 27.49
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 24,430 37.39 77,770 37.70
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 11,520 17.33 36,050 16.60
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers................. 25,810 18.74 38,980 17.88
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 69,830 22.64 47,100 21.96
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,596,660 21.62 44,970 20.25
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 131,500 30.07 62,540 29.34
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 804,200 20.68 43,020 19.12
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 144,320 21.94 45,630 20.18
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 20,190 17.23 35,830 16.43
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 639,700 20.51 42,660 19.02
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 260,380 23.08 48,000 22.29
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 190,100 24.42 50,800 23.77
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 34,410 19.65 40,880 18.91
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 131,590 25.18 52,370 24.45
Rail car repairers............................................................... 24,090 27.11 56,380 27.62
Small engine mechanics............................................................ 68,300 18.36 38,190 17.30
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 21,160 19.88 41,350 18.73
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 15,850 18.40 38,270 17.15
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 31,300 17.32 36,020 16.53
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 142,190 14.28 29,700 13.31
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 12,720 14.12 29,370 13.65
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 14,780 18.83 39,160 17.89
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 114,690 13.71 28,510 12.84
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 2,877,650 21.82 45,390 20.20
Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 68,700 25.34 52,710 23.57
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 21,010 19.93 41,460 19.00
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 47,700 27.72 57,660 26.85
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 307,060 23.81 49,530 22.64
Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 32,250 19.61 40,790 18.35
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 467,450 25.12 52,250 24.25
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 341,260 25.54 53,110 24.69
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 83,520 22.71 47,240 21.89
Millwrights...................................................................... 41,360 26.58 55,290 25.95
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 1,310 24.08 50,080 23.35
Line installers and repairers..................................................... 223,740 30.19 62,790 30.86
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 116,650 33.04 68,710 33.36
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 107,090 27.09 56,340 26.47
Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 69,700 24.41 50,760 23.04
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 3,650 20.44 42,510 19.60
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 43,670 25.13 52,260 23.47
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 8,240 18.77 39,040 17.56
Watch repairers.................................................................. 2,130 19.01 39,530 17.20
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 12,010 27.81 57,850 27.37
Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,351,210 19.37 40,280 18.11
Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 4,390 27.25 56,680 25.91
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 353,160 18.76 39,020 16.93
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 34,010 16.97 35,290 16.20
Commercial divers................................................................ 3,280 26.57 55,270 22.70
Fabric menders, except garment................................................... 390 14.20 29,530 13.77
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 17,500 20.54 42,730 19.56
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 2,750 15.29 31,810 14.88
Riggers.......................................................................... 21,000 24.17 50,270 23.36
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 8,300 31.61 65,750 32.88
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 112,080 14.63 30,430 13.70
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 153,850 20.43 42,500 18.65
Production occupations 9,024,560 18.30 38,070 16.34
Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 611,800 30.13 62,660 28.31
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 611,800 30.13 62,660 28.31
Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,759,720 16.62 34,560 15.31
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 41,130 26.64 55,400 25.73
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 276,340 16.78 34,910 15.66
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 13,300 16.86 35,080 16.01
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders,
tapers, and finishers........................................................... 263,040 16.78 34,900 15.64
Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 37,770 21.40 44,520 20.86
Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 77,600 19.47 40,490 18.49
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,326,870 15.97 33,210 14.77
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................ 20,040 16.81 34,960 15.52
Timing device assemblers and adjusters........................................... 680 17.94 37,310 16.73
Assemblers and fabricators, all other, including team assemblers................. 1,306,150 15.95 33,180 14.75
Food processing workers............................................................ 795,240 13.98 29,070 13.00
Bakers............................................................................ 182,890 13.42 27,920 12.35
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 362,380 13.92 28,960 13.14
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 131,530 15.66 32,570 14.85
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 153,280 12.71 26,430 12.14
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 77,570 13.38 27,830 13.23
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 249,970 14.46 30,080 13.29
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 21,130 15.23 31,680 14.14
Food batchmakers................................................................. 151,950 14.85 30,880 13.70
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 33,340 14.54 30,240 13.66
Food processing workers, all other............................................... 43,540 12.69 26,390 11.76
Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,895,150 19.54 40,650 18.37
Computer control programmers and operators........................................ 168,450 20.72 43,100 19.56
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic.................... 144,660 19.72 41,010 18.86
Computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers, metal and plastic...... 23,790 26.81 55,770 25.26
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 117,450 18.05 37,540 17.26
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 73,530 17.33 36,050 16.63
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 18,300 19.39 40,340 18.58
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 25,610 19.15 39,840 18.20
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 321,590 17.37 36,140 16.46
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 188,520 16.72 34,770 15.90
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 11,030 19.65 40,870 17.92
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic...................................................... 74,600 17.08 35,520 16.10
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 29,620 19.38 40,310 18.55
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 17,820 20.83 43,330 20.51
Machinists........................................................................ 378,320 21.23 44,160 20.48
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 25,210 19.81 41,210 19.35
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 17,610 20.08 41,770 19.85
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 7,600 19.20 39,930 18.37
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 9,010 24.83 51,650 24.22
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 5,820 26.35 54,820 25.80
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 3,200 22.06 45,880 21.65
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 168,820 16.25 33,810 15.10
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 13,960 17.52 36,440 16.90
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic..................................................................... 154,860 16.14 33,570 14.95
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 121,160 17.62 36,650 16.73
Tool and die makers............................................................... 73,510 25.60 53,260 25.23
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 416,000 20.67 42,980 19.19
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 377,250 20.87 43,410 19.35
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 38,750 18.69 38,880 17.88
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 95,620 18.02 37,490 17.01
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 19,340 18.62 38,720 17.93
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 8,550 22.54 46,890 22.26
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 37,200 16.55 34,430 15.35
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 8,060 18.65 38,800 17.50
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 22,470 18.00 37,440 17.22
Printing workers................................................................... 251,310 18.08 37,610 17.09
Printing workers.................................................................. 251,310 18.08 37,610 17.09
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 31,500 20.08 41,770 19.19
Printing press operators......................................................... 171,130 18.20 37,860 17.19
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 48,680 16.36 34,040 15.40
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 572,630 12.89 26,810 11.72
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 209,350 11.43 23,770 10.75
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 42,830 11.09 23,080 10.79
Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 136,530 12.62 26,250 11.69
Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 10,680 13.24 27,540 12.62
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 7,180 13.25 27,550 12.31
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 3,500 13.23 27,530 13.18
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 26,620 14.94 31,080 13.42
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 6,190 13.24 27,540 12.61
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 20,440 15.46 32,150 13.75
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 75,810 13.90 28,900 13.47
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 9,800 14.02 29,150 13.60
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 14,150 13.65 28,400 12.93
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 20,920 13.99 29,100 13.44
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and
tenders......................................................................... 30,940 13.91 28,920 13.59
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 70,810 16.91 35,180 15.71
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and
glass fibers.................................................................... 18,880 16.69 34,720 16.09
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 4,810 23.89 49,690 19.45
Upholsterers..................................................................... 32,500 16.85 35,060 16.18
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 14,610 15.04 31,280 12.82
Woodworkers........................................................................ 255,070 15.82 32,900 14.86
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 97,820 17.18 35,740 16.31
Furniture finishers............................................................... 17,530 15.95 33,170 15.05
Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 1,630 24.94 51,880 24.75
Model makers, wood............................................................... 850 25.00 52,000 24.11
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 770 24.88 51,760 25.18
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 131,600 14.66 30,490 13.99
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 51,950 14.74 30,670 13.98
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 79,650 14.60 30,370 14.00
Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 6,490 16.18 33,650 14.75
Plant and system operators......................................................... 298,770 29.18 60,700 28.05
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 52,290 38.25 79,560 38.67
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 6,010 45.36 94,350 44.89
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 12,110 39.57 82,310 39.67
Power plant operators............................................................ 34,170 36.53 75,970 37.10
Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 32,790 30.15 62,710 28.79
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 117,450 23.22 48,290 22.19
Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 96,240 31.21 64,920 31.04
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 30,290 29.63 61,620 29.89
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 14,890 33.46 69,600 33.19
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 38,700 32.78 68,190 32.58
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 12,360 27.48 57,150 27.08
Other production occupations....................................................... 2,584,880 17.28 35,940 15.63
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 126,320 22.87 47,560 21.21
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 77,870 24.37 50,690 22.98
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders.......................................................... 48,450 20.45 42,540 18.77
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 191,200 17.90 37,230 16.87
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 31,390 17.90 37,220 17.01
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 30,320 14.83 30,840 13.86
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 129,490 18.62 38,730 17.59
Cutting workers................................................................... 72,690 16.30 33,910 15.70
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 12,230 14.60 30,360 13.56
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 60,460 16.65 34,630 16.16
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and
tenders.......................................................................... 76,120 17.03 35,430 16.19
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 18,030 18.89 39,280 18.07
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 537,500 19.73 41,040 17.95
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 25,710 20.28 42,180 18.25
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians............................ 79,370 18.61 38,710 16.95
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 35,630 20.19 41,990 18.59
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 13,640 19.45 40,460 17.88
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 30,100 16.36 34,030 14.88
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 392,910 15.38 31,990 14.11
Painting workers.................................................................. 152,510 18.82 39,150 17.31
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 86,270 17.15 35,670 16.26
Painters, transportation equipment............................................... 52,880 22.30 46,380 20.12
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 13,360 15.91 33,090 14.82
Semiconductor processors.......................................................... 23,540 18.68 38,860 17.59
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 22,450 15.80 32,870 13.21
Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 866,540 15.25 31,720 13.80
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 15,860 16.65 34,630 15.72
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 17,410 15.51 32,270 14.40
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 8,630 16.15 33,590 14.84
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 8,620 16.28 33,860 14.85
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 41,320 16.25 33,810 15.36
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 94,620 19.12 39,770 18.22
Tire builders.................................................................... 21,910 20.18 41,980 19.34
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 402,140 13.50 28,070 12.54
Production workers, all other.................................................... 256,050 15.82 32,910 13.89
Transportation and material moving occupations 9,978,390 17.82 37,070 15.19
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 403,620 27.08 56,330 25.82
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................... 8,270 25.47 52,970 23.15
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except
aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................. 395,350 27.11 56,400 25.87
Air transportation workers......................................................... 273,950 (²) 96,890 (²)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 122,570 (²) 138,690 (²)
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 84,070 (²) 161,280 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 38,490 (²) 89,350 (²)
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 32,380 48.68 101,240 46.62
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 22,790 57.82 120,260 59.87
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 9,590 26.95 56,060 25.17
Flight attendants................................................................. 119,000 (²) 52,660 (²)
Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 4,006,890 18.37 38,210 17.27
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 15,310 12.85 26,740 11.66
Bus drivers....................................................................... 683,480 16.83 35,000 15.87
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 176,140 20.81 43,290 19.61
Bus drivers, school or special client............................................ 507,340 15.45 32,130 14.93
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 3,052,680 19.13 39,790 18.08
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 426,870 13.99 29,090 11.56
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,748,140 21.39 44,500 20.42
Light truck or delivery services drivers......................................... 877,670 17.12 35,610 15.12
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs....................................................... 198,470 13.21 27,480 11.96
Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 56,950 15.72 32,690 12.81
Rail transportation workers........................................................ 117,940 30.24 62,900 29.03
Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 42,500 30.72 63,890 28.75
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 35,680 31.72 65,980 29.32
Locomotive firers................................................................ 670 29.91 62,220 29.02
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 6,140 24.97 51,930 24.11
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators...................................... 14,190 28.13 58,500 27.53
Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 44,490 30.47 63,370 28.99
Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 12,070 30.75 63,950 31.93
Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 4,690 28.82 59,950 28.21
Water transportation workers....................................................... 77,120 31.59 65,720 26.73
Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 30,940 22.38 46,560 19.58
Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 38,290 37.82 78,670 33.14
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 35,780 38.93 80,970 34.10
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 2,510 22.05 45,870 21.44
Ship engineers.................................................................... 7,890 37.48 77,970 35.15
Other transportation workers....................................................... 367,320 15.11 31,440 11.77
Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 3,240 22.73 47,280 24.15
Parking lot attendants............................................................ 145,400 11.70 24,330 10.97
Automotive and watercraft service attendants...................................... 118,850 12.07 25,100 11.24
Traffic technicians............................................................... 6,980 23.70 49,290 21.96
Transportation inspectors......................................................... 30,030 35.44 73,720 34.68
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants............................... 24,360 15.29 31,800 13.38
Transportation workers, all other................................................. 38,460 19.25 40,050 17.67
Material moving workers............................................................ 4,731,550 14.58 30,320 13.13
Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 26,570 16.58 34,480 15.53
Crane and tower operators......................................................... 43,660 26.78 55,690 25.10
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................................. 49,190 22.60 47,010 20.65
Dredge operators................................................................. 1,410 22.28 46,340 20.78
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators............................ 45,450 22.49 46,780 20.43
Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................... 2,340 24.89 51,780 25.20
Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 3,080 26.40 54,910 20.77
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 570,300 17.00 35,370 16.17
Laborers and material movers, hand................................................ 3,859,520 13.73 28,550 12.35
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 373,290 12.39 25,770 11.23
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,711,320 14.28 29,690 13.00
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 74,350 14.76 30,710 13.70
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 700,560 12.22 25,410 11.27
Pumping station operators......................................................... 26,260 24.84 51,660 24.16
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 3,560 29.79 61,960 30.20
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 11,500 22.62 47,040 20.91
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 11,200 25.54 53,120 25.13
Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 115,130 18.71 38,920 17.39
Mine shuttle car operators........................................................ 1,550 27.17 56,510 27.35
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 10,300 19.37 40,290 17.72
Material moving workers, all other................................................ 25,990 17.13 35,620 14.23
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080
hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from
the reported survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual
salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour.
United States Department of Labor
