For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, March 31, 2020 USDL-20-0520
Technical information: oesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2019
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations had employment of 5.7 million in
May 2019, representing 3.9 percent of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics reported today. The largest installation, maintenance, and repair
occupation was general maintenance and repair workers (1.4 million) and the highest
paying installation, maintenance, and repair occupation was powerhouse, substation,
and relay electrical and electronics repairers ($81,280). The annual mean wage across
all installation, maintenance, and repair occupations was $50,130, compared with the
U.S. average wage of $53,490. (See table 1.)
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program provides employment and wage
estimates for nearly 800 occupations in the nation, states, and approximately 530
areas. National data are available by industry for approximately 415 industry
classifications and by ownership across all industries, schools, and hospitals.
This news release features installation, maintenance, and repair; sales and related;
and community and social service occupations, in addition to STEM (science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics) occupations and employment and wages by typical entry-
level educational requirement. National employment and wage information for all
occupations is shown in table 1.
________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Data |
| |
| With the May 2019 estimates, the OES program has begun implementing the 2018 |
| Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See the box note at the |
| end of this news release for more information on changes to the OES data. |
|________________________________________________________________________________|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
--The largest installation, maintenance, and repair occupations were general
maintenance and repair workers (1.4 million); automotive service technicians
and mechanics (655,330); and first-line supervisors of mechanics, installers,
and repairers (485,700). (See table 1.)
--The highest paying installation, maintenance, and repair occupations included
powerhouse, substation, and relay electrical and electronics repairers ($81,280),
which typically require a postsecondary nondegree award, such as a certificate,
for entry; and signal and track switch repairers ($72,690) and electrical power-
line installers and repairers ($71,960), which typically require a high school
diploma or equivalent. (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying installation, maintenance, and repair occupations were tire
repairers and changers ($30,350) and bicycle repairers ($31,360). (See table 1.)
--Industries with the largest employment of installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations were automotive repair and maintenance (454,220), building equipment
contractors (437,470), and real estate (352,350).
--States with the highest employment shares of installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations included Wyoming (6.6 percent of state employment), Alaska (5.7 percent),
and North Dakota (5.3 percent).
--Alaska ($61,260), the District of Columbia ($60,630), and Connecticut ($58,110)
were among the states with the highest wages for installation, maintenance, and
repair occupations.
State data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm.
National industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
Sales and related occupations
--Sales and related occupations had employment of 14.4 million, representing 9.8
percent of U.S. employment, and an annual mean wage of $43,060. This was the
second-largest occupational group, after office and administrative support
occupations. (See table 1.)
--The largest sales and related occupations were retail salespersons (4.3 million);
cashiers (3.6 million); and wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives,
except technical and scientific products (1.3 million). (See table 1.)
--Metropolitan areas with the highest employment of wholesale and manufacturing
sales representatives, except technical and scientific products were New York-
Newark-Jersey City, N.Y.-N.J.-PA. (84,870); Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA.
(63,550); and Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL.-IN.-WI. (57,050).
--The highest paying sales and related occupations were sales engineers ($112,780);
securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ($93,090); and
wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives of technical and scientific
products ($92,980). These occupations typically require a bachelor's degree for
entry. (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying sales and related occupations were cashiers ($24,370) and
gambling change persons and booth cashiers ($28,010). (See table 1.)
--Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives, except technical and scientific
products had an annual mean wage of $71,110 nationally. (See table 1.) The highest
paying states for this occupation included New Jersey ($84,170), Massachusetts
($82,220), and Colorado ($81,670).
Metropolitan area data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
Community and social service occupations
--Community and social service occupations had total employment of 2.2 million and
an annual mean wage of $50,480. (See table 1.)
--The largest community and social service occupations were social and human service
assistants (404,450) and child, family, and school social workers (327,710). (See
table 1.)
--The highest paying community and social service occupations included all other social
workers ($61,750); educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors
($61,000); and health education specialists ($60,500). Educational, guidance, and
career counselors and advisors typically require a master's degree for entry;
health education specialists and all other social workers typically require a
bachelor's degree. (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying occupation in this group was social and human service assistants
($37,050). (See table 1.)
--Child, family, and school social workers had an annual mean wage of $51,030 nationally.
(See table 1.) The states with the highest wages for this occupation included New Jersey
($68,830) and the District of Columbia ($71,590). The lowest paying states for this
occupation included Mississippi ($37,190) and Oklahoma ($37,610).
Typical entry-level education
--Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry made up 38 percent
of employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations typically requiring
a bachelor's degree for entry, made up 22 percent of employment. This educational
category includes registered nurses; teachers at the kindergarten through secondary
levels; and many management, business and financial operations, computer, and
engineering occupations.
--Occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent for entry
made up 38 percent of employment, and occupations typically requiring no formal
educational credential for entry made up 24 percent of employment. These two
educational categories include most production and construction occupations, as
well as large occupations such as retail salespersons, fast food and counter workers,
and cashiers.
--Average wages were generally higher for occupations requiring more education. Annual
mean wages were $29,190 for occupations typically requiring no formal educational
credential for entry, $44,190 for occupations typically requiring a high school
diploma or the equivalent, $58,430 for occupations typically requiring an associate's
degree, and $88,260 for occupations typically requiring a bachelor's degree.
--The highest paying occupations typically requiring less than a bachelor's degree
for entry included air traffic controllers ($120,140), which typically require an
associate's degree for entry, and transportation, storage, and distribution managers
($103,320), which typically require a high school diploma or the equivalent.
The typical education level required to enter an occupation is based on education and
training categories from the BLS Employment Projections program. More information about
the system of education and training categories is available at
www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/education/tech.htm. Typical entry-level educational
requirements assigned to each occupation in the May 2019 OES estimates are available
at www.bls.gov/oes/educ_list_2019.xlsx. Additional charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2019.htm.
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations
--There were over 9.3 million STEM jobs representing 6.4 percent of total U.S. employment.
--Six of the 10 largest STEM occupations were related to computers and included software
developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers (1.4 million) and
computer user support specialists (647,330). (See table 1.)
--Areas with the highest employment shares of STEM occupations were California-Lexington
Park, MD. (28.1 percent), and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA. (21.0 percent).
--STEM occupations had an annual mean wage of $95,350, compared with $50,600 for non-STEM
occupations. Ninety-one of the 98 STEM occupations had mean wages significantly above
the all-occupations average of $53,490. (See table 1.)
--The highest paying STEM occupations were petroleum engineers ($156,780) and the three
STEM-related management occupations: computer and information systems managers ($156,390),
architectural and engineering managers ($152,930), and natural sciences managers
($145,450). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying STEM occupations were agricultural and food science technicians ($44,440)
and forest and conservation technicians ($45,860). (See table 1.)
Occupations included in the STEM definition used for this news release are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/stem_list_2019.xlsx. Additional STEM charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2019.htm.
Largest occupations
--The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (4.3 million) and fast food
and counter workers (4.0 million). (See table 1.)
--Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages. Retail salespersons ($29,360)
and fast food and counter workers ($23,250) had annual mean wages significantly below
the all-occupations average of $53,490. (See table 1.)
--Of the 10 largest occupations, registered nurses ($77,460) and general and operations
managers ($123,030) were the only occupations with above-average wages. (See table 1.)
Public sector occupations
--The public sector made up 15 percent of employment and had a different occupational mix
from the private sector.
--Many of the largest public sector occupations were related to education. These occupations
included elementary school teachers, except special education (public sector employment of
1.3 million); teaching assistants, except postsecondary (1.1 million); secondary school
teachers, except special and career/technical education (904,570); and middle school
teachers, except special and career/technical education (553,620).
--Outside of the educational instruction and library group, the occupations with the highest
public sector employment included police and sheriff's patrol officers (658,300); general
office clerks (511,040); and secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal,
medical, and executive (500,330).
____________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Data |
| |
| With the May 2019 estimates, the OES program has begun implementing the 2018 Standard |
| Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Each set of OES estimates is calculated from |
| six panels of survey data collected over three years. Because the May 2019 estimates |
| are based on a combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey data |
| collected using the 2018 SOC, these estimates use a hybrid of the two classification |
| systems that contains some combinations of occupations that are not found in either |
| the 2010 or 2018 SOC. These combinations may include occupations from more than one |
| 2018 SOC minor group or broad occupation. Therefore, OES will not publish data for some |
| 2018 SOC minor groups and broad occupations in the May 2019 estimates. The May 2021 |
| estimates, to be published in Spring 2022, will be the first OES estimates based |
| entirely on survey data collected using the 2018 SOC. |
| |
| In addition, the OES program has replaced some 2018 SOC detailed occupations with SOC |
| broad occupations or OES-specific aggregations. These include home health aides and |
| personal care aides, for which OES will publish only the 2018 SOC broad occupation |
| 31-1120 Home Health and Personal Care Aides. |
| |
| For more information on the occupational classification system used in the May 2019 OES |
| estimates, please see www.bls.gov/oes/soc_2018.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10.|
| |
| The May 2019 OES estimates use the metropolitan area definitions delineated in Office |
| of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 17-01, which add a new Metropolitan Statistical |
| Area (MSA) for Twin Falls, Idaho. For more information on the area definitions used in |
| the May 2019 estimates, please see www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm. |
|____________________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual survey measuring
occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments in the United States. The OES data available from BLS include cross-
industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas,
including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the
NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels;
and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals.
The OES survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies
(SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while
the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OES estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels
of approximately 180,000 to 200,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel
in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by mail, Internet or other
electronic means, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2019 estimates are based
on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2019,
November 2018, May 2018, November 2017, May 2017, and November 2016. The unweighted
sampled employment of 83 million across all six semiannual panels represents
approximately 57 percent of total national employment. The overall national response
rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 71
percent based on establishments and 68 percent based on weighted sampled employment.
The occupational coding system
The May 2019 OES estimates contain nearly 800 occupational categories based on the
Office of Management and Budget’s Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.
Together, these occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major
group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is not included.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The May 2019 OES estimates are the first set of OES estimates to be based in part on
survey data collected using the 2018 SOC. These estimates use a hybrid of the 2010 and
2018 SOC systems. For more information on the hybrid classification system used in the
May 2019 OES estimates, please see the "Changes to the May 2019 estimates" section of
this technical note.
The industry coding system
The May 2019 OES estimates use the 2017 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception of
logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and support
activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814) also are
excluded. OES federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal
executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local government, are
covered by the survey.
Survey sample
The OES survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files. Supplemental
sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
area, industry, and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be
selected than smaller employers. A census is taken of the executive branch of the federal
government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or
other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned
to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station,
regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The survey does not include the
self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid
family workers.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate;
cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including
commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded are overtime pay,
severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary
benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
OES receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and most
state governments. For the remaining establishments, the OES survey data are placed into
12 intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual
rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage
rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishments are instructed
to report the hourly rate for part-time workers, and to report annual rates for occupations
that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as
teachers, pilots, and flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers,
are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these
workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
Estimation methodology
The OES survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data collected
over a 3-year period. Each OES panel contains approximately 180,000 to 200,000 establishments.
Recent OES survey panels have a reduced sample; see the "Changes to the May 2019 estimates"
section below for more information. The full six-panel sample of 1.1 million establishments
allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining six panels
of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel
need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the
current panel’s reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior
panels before combining them with the current panel’s data. The wage updating procedure
adjusts each detailed occupation’s wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according
to the average movement of its broader occupational division.
Imputation. Some establishments do not respond for a given panel. For most employers, a
"nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute missing occupational
employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to impute missing wage distributions.
In some cases, data for nonrespondents are available from earlier panels. In those cases,
the older data may be used and aged to represent the current reference period.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to represent all
establishments for the reference period. Weights are further adjusted by the ratio of
employment totals (the average of November 2018 and May 2019 employment) from the BLS
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to employment totals from the OES survey.
Changes to the May 2019 estimates
With the May 2019 estimates, the OES program has begun implementing the 2018 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Each set of OES estimates is calculated from
six panels of survey data collected over three years. Because the May 2019 estimates
are based on a combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey data
collected using the 2018 SOC, these estimates use a hybrid of the two classification
systems that contains some combinations of occupations that are not found in either the
2010 or 2018 SOC. These combinations may include occupations from more than one 2018
SOC minor group or broad occupation. Therefore, OES will not publish data for some 2018
SOC minor groups and broad occupations in the May 2019 estimates. The May 2021 estimates,
to be published in Spring 2022, will be the first OES estimates based entirely on survey
data collected using the 2018 SOC.
In addition, the OES program has replaced some 2018 SOC detailed occupations with SOC
broad occupations or OES-specific aggregations. These include home health aides and
personal care aides, for which OES will publish only the 2018 SOC broad occupation 31-1120
Home Health and Personal Care Aides.
More information on the occupational classification system used in the May 2019 OES
estimates is available at www.bls.gov/oes/soc_2018.htm and in the OES frequently asked
questions at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10.
The May 2019 OES estimates use the metropolitan area definitions delineated in Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 17-01, which add a new Metropolitan Statistical
Area (MSA) for Twin Falls, Idaho. For more information on the area definitions used in
the May 2019 estimates, please see www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm.
The OES sample has been reduced in recent survey panels. The May 2019 OES survey panel
had a sample of approximately 183,000 establishments. The November 2017, May 2018, and
November 2018 survey panels each had a sample of approximately 186,000 establishments.
The May 2017 panel sample consisted of approximately 195,000 establishments, and the
November 2016 panel sample consisted of approximately 202,000 establishments.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OES data are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2019
Median
Occupation Employment Mean wages hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
All occupations 146,875,480 $25.72 $53,490 $19.14
Management occupations 8,054,120 58.88 122,480 50.80
Top executives..................................................................... 2,658,440 61.09 127,070 49.63
Chief executives.................................................................. 205,890 93.20 193,850 88.68
General and operations managers................................................... 2,400,280 59.15 123,030 48.45
Legislators....................................................................... 52,280 (²) 49,440 (²)
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 770,540 68.91 143,330 61.96
Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 25,100 68.22 141,890 60.34
Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 666,280 69.55 144,660 62.84
Marketing managers............................................................... 263,680 71.73 149,200 65.79
Sales managers................................................................... 402,600 68.12 141,690 60.89
Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 79,160 63.77 132,630 55.86
Operations specialties managers.................................................... 1,996,160 64.69 134,550 58.15
Administrative services and facilities managers................................... 307,280 51.23 106,550 46.61
Computer and information systems managers......................................... 433,960 75.19 156,390 70.37
Financial managers................................................................ 654,790 70.93 147,530 62.45
Industrial production managers.................................................... 185,790 55.34 115,110 50.71
Purchasing managers............................................................... 72,100 61.73 128,400 58.23
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 132,040 49.67 103,320 45.46
Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 16,900 64.52 134,210 58.78
Human resources managers.......................................................... 154,800 62.29 129,570 56.11
Training and development managers................................................. 38,510 59.36 123,470 54.50
Other management occupations....................................................... 2,628,970 49.31 102,560 43.90
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 5,060 38.63 80,360 34.21
Construction managers............................................................. 293,380 50.48 105,000 45.80
Education and childcare administrators............................................ 512,820 47.25 98,270 43.81
Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare.................... 52,360 25.81 53,690 23.18
Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary......................... 271,020 (²) 100,340 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 144,880 54.04 112,400 45.87
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 44,550 44.30 92,150 41.08
Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 194,250 73.52 152,930 69.63
Food service managers............................................................. 235,470 28.76 59,820 26.60
Gambling managers................................................................. 4,450 40.72 84,700 36.04
Lodging managers.................................................................. 38,340 30.56 63,570 26.17
Medical and health services managers.............................................. 394,910 55.37 115,160 48.55
Natural sciences managers......................................................... 67,720 69.93 145,450 62.07
Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 13,850 37.60 78,220 36.97
Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 220,750 34.48 71,720 28.25
Social and community service managers............................................. 156,460 35.05 72,900 32.28
Emergency management directors.................................................... 10,060 39.68 82,530 35.86
Funeral home managers............................................................. 9,400 45.78 95,220 36.71
Personal service managers, all other; entertainment and recreation managers,
except gambling; and managers, all other......................................... 472,060 57.07 118,710 53.19
Business and financial operations occupations 8,183,750 37.56 78,130 33.57
Business operations specialists.................................................... 5,427,140 36.31 75,530 33.04
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 17,060 46.72 97,170 35.45
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 421,280 33.50 69,680 30.95
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 301,710 33.09 68,820 31.99
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 287,960 33.15 68,940 32.11
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 13,750 31.85 66,240 30.42
Compliance officers............................................................... 317,600 35.03 72,850 33.20
Cost estimators................................................................... 210,000 34.31 71,350 31.37
Human resources workers........................................................... 708,780 32.79 68,200 30.02
Human resources specialists...................................................... 633,040 32.58 67,760 29.77
Farm labor contractors........................................................... 160 29.84 62,060 29.77
Labor relations specialists...................................................... 75,580 34.55 71,870 33.18
Logisticians...................................................................... 182,050 37.83 78,680 35.94
Management analysts............................................................... 709,750 45.94 95,560 40.99
Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 117,610 26.39 54,880 24.33
Fundraisers....................................................................... 81,660 30.21 62,830 27.87
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 89,300 33.58 69,840 31.04
Training and development specialists.............................................. 312,450 31.56 65,640 29.43
Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 678,500 34.41 71,570 30.67
Project management specialists and business operations specialists, all other..... 1,279,390 38.57 80,220 35.37
Financial specialists.............................................................. 2,756,610 40.03 83,260 34.59
Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,280,700 38.23 79,520 34.40
Property appraisers and assessors................................................. 56,320 30.58 63,610 27.41
Budget analysts................................................................... 51,460 38.61 80,300 36.80
Credit analysts................................................................... 73,930 40.83 84,930 35.41
Personal financial advisors....................................................... 210,190 57.35 119,290 42.24
Insurance underwriters............................................................ 100,050 37.33 77,640 33.67
Financial examiners............................................................... 64,550 44.39 92,330 38.99
Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 340,480 35.46 73,750 29.37
Credit counselors................................................................ 32,110 24.15 50,230 22.09
Loan officers.................................................................... 308,370 36.64 76,200 30.42
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 120,430 26.27 54,640 23.84
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 53,760 29.31 60,960 26.39
Tax preparers.................................................................... 66,670 23.82 49,550 20.71
Financial and investment analysts, financial risk specialists, and financial
specialists, all other........................................................... 458,510 45.27 94,160 39.22
Computer and mathematical occupations 4,552,880 45.08 93,760 42.47
Computer occupations............................................................... 4,358,410 45.01 93,620 42.43
Computer and information analysts................................................. 714,640 46.91 97,570 44.40
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 589,060 46.23 96,160 43.71
Information security analysts.................................................... 125,570 50.10 104,210 47.95
Computer and information research scientists...................................... 30,780 61.28 127,460 59.06
Computer support specialists...................................................... 832,750 28.51 59,290 26.33
Computer network support specialists............................................. 185,430 33.10 68,860 30.51
Computer user support specialists................................................ 647,330 27.19 56,550 25.13
Database and network administrators and architects................................ 632,330 46.33 96,380 43.94
Computer network architects...................................................... 152,420 55.34 115,110 54.18
Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 354,450 42.51 88,410 40.15
Database administrators and architects........................................... 125,460 46.21 96,110 45.07
Software and web developers, programmers, and testers............................. 1,754,750 51.44 106,980 49.20
Computer programmers............................................................. 199,540 44.53 92,610 41.61
Software developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers.......... 1,406,870 53.66 111,620 51.69
Web developers and digital interface designers................................... 148,340 39.60 82,370 35.46
Computer occupations, all other................................................... 393,160 44.43 92,410 42.57
Mathematical science occupations................................................... 194,460 46.59 96,900 43.47
Actuaries......................................................................... 22,260 58.16 120,970 52.09
Mathematicians.................................................................... 2,630 51.57 107,280 50.50
Operations research analysts...................................................... 99,680 43.56 90,600 40.78
Statisticians..................................................................... 39,090 46.00 95,680 43.83
Data scientists and mathematical science occupations, all other................... 30,810 48.35 100,560 45.33
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,592,680 42.69 88,800 39.15
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 182,650 39.06 81,250 35.83
Architects, except naval.......................................................... 126,130 41.85 87,060 37.93
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 105,850 43.06 89,560 38.82
Landscape architects............................................................. 20,280 35.56 73,970 33.35
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 56,520 32.84 68,300 30.71
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 11,300 33.55 69,790 31.47
Surveyors........................................................................ 45,220 32.66 67,920 30.49
Engineers.......................................................................... 1,730,720 48.45 100,770 45.43
Aerospace engineers............................................................... 63,200 57.32 119,220 56.01
Agricultural engineers............................................................ 1,550 47.26 98,290 38.81
Bioengineers and biomedical engineers............................................. 19,780 46.68 97,090 43.95
Chemical engineers................................................................ 30,120 56.29 117,090 52.30
Civil engineers................................................................... 310,850 45.36 94,360 41.86
Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 67,880 59.15 123,030 56.36
Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 314,360 51.08 106,240 48.68
Electrical engineers............................................................. 185,570 49.75 103,480 47.37
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 128,800 52.99 110,210 50.76
Environmental engineers........................................................... 53,150 45.30 94,220 42.72
Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 317,560 44.63 92,830 42.42
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 25,860 45.58 94,810 43.95
Industrial engineers............................................................. 291,710 44.55 92,660 42.32
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 11,360 47.47 98,730 44.42
Materials engineers............................................................... 26,820 47.06 97,890 44.88
Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 306,990 44.97 93,540 42.51
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 6,280 46.63 96,990 43.83
Nuclear engineers................................................................. 15,850 58.03 120,700 54.55
Petroleum engineers............................................................... 32,620 75.37 156,780 66.21
Engineers, all other.............................................................. 152,340 49.26 102,460 47.62
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 679,310 29.00 60,320 27.73
Drafters.......................................................................... 192,760 28.60 59,480 27.32
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 98,800 27.92 58,080 27.09
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 24,140 31.60 65,720 29.58
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 55,210 29.09 60,500 27.43
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 14,600 26.37 54,840 25.40
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters........................ 433,520 29.87 62,130 28.66
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians............... 11,540 32.86 68,340 31.74
Civil engineering technologists and technicians.................................. 68,870 26.67 55,480 25.68
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians.............. 122,550 31.84 66,240 31.38
Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians................ 14,290 29.53 61,420 28.05
Environmental engineering technologists and technicians.......................... 18,010 26.32 54,740 24.34
Industrial engineering technologists and technicians............................. 67,110 28.56 59,400 27.19
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians............................. 42,820 28.44 59,160 27.40
Calibration technologists and technicians and engineering technologists and
technicians, except drafters, all other......................................... 88,330 31.70 65,940 30.28
Surveying and mapping technicians................................................. 53,030 23.32 48,500 21.64
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,288,920 37.28 77,540 32.77
Life scientists.................................................................... 311,910 42.68 88,770 37.54
Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 30,300 34.88 72,550 31.33
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,690 32.96 68,570 28.99
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 13,460 36.63 76,190 33.16
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 14,150 33.58 69,860 30.39
Biological scientists............................................................. 108,980 42.84 89,100 38.26
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 31,360 52.01 108,180 45.43
Microbiologists.................................................................. 18,270 39.79 82,760 36.37
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 19,250 32.31 67,200 30.42
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 40,100 42.11 87,590 39.53
Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 31,580 31.68 65,900 30.01
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 22,070 32.23 67,040 30.12
Foresters........................................................................ 9,510 30.42 63,270 29.71
Medical scientists................................................................ 134,600 46.95 97,650 41.97
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 7,410 37.64 78,290 34.13
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 127,180 47.49 98,770 42.69
Life scientists, all other........................................................ 6,450 41.29 85,890 36.49
Physical scientists................................................................ 255,790 43.80 91,110 39.07
Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 18,800 62.56 130,110 58.76
Astronomers...................................................................... 2,070 58.79 122,270 55.09
Physicists....................................................................... 16,730 63.02 131,080 59.06
Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 9,290 46.71 97,160 45.86
Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 90,240 41.04 85,360 37.88
Chemists......................................................................... 83,530 40.46 84,150 37.32
Materials scientists............................................................. 6,710 48.28 100,430 46.54
Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 119,920 41.25 85,790 36.46
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 84,290 37.47 77,940 34.31
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 29,200 52.09 108,350 44.25
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,440 41.50 86,330 39.07
Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 17,550 53.88 112,070 52.84
Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 249,120 42.32 88,030 38.57
Economists........................................................................ 19,000 56.07 116,630 50.49
Survey researchers................................................................ 9,930 31.61 65,760 28.45
Psychologists..................................................................... 128,130 42.68 88,770 38.64
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists................................... 113,270 42.04 87,450 37.59
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 630 53.44 111,150 44.66
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 14,220 47.23 98,230 48.94
Sociologists...................................................................... 2,630 43.55 90,590 40.10
Urban and regional planners....................................................... 38,560 37.38 77,750 35.75
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 50,870 42.06 87,480 39.37
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 6,720 32.12 66,810 30.61
Geographers...................................................................... 1,400 39.41 81,970 39.20
Historians....................................................................... 3,040 33.02 68,690 30.62
Political scientists............................................................. 6,010 57.82 120,260 58.76
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 33,690 42.16 87,690 40.06
Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 358,740 25.17 52,340 23.19
Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 21,870 21.37 44,440 19.82
Biological technicians............................................................ 79,530 23.61 49,110 22.05
Chemical technicians.............................................................. 65,760 25.44 52,910 23.68
Environmental science and geoscience technicians.................................. 49,730 26.07 54,220 22.96
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 32,620 24.41 50,760 22.38
Geological and hydrologic technicians............................................ 17,110 29.23 60,800 24.58
Nuclear technicians............................................................... 6,420 39.77 82,710 39.46
Social science research assistants................................................ 35,580 24.68 51,340 22.84
Forest and conservation technicians............................................... 19,060 22.05 45,860 21.87
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 80,780 26.74 55,610 25.04
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 16,520 30.37 63,170 28.44
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 64,260 25.80 53,670 24.30
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians......................... 113,360 34.95 72,690 33.88
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 113,360 34.95 72,690 33.88
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 92,780 36.68 76,290 35.63
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 20,580 27.15 56,470 24.79
Community and social service occupations 2,244,310 24.27 50,480 22.16
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 2,159,870 24.23 50,410 22.15
Counselors........................................................................ 773,500 25.54 53,120 23.45
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors........................ 296,460 29.33 61,000 27.42
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 59,050 26.25 54,590 23.85
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 109,040 19.31 40,160 17.28
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors............... 283,540 24.01 49,950 22.23
Counselors, all other............................................................ 25,420 23.46 48,800 20.64
Social workers.................................................................... 678,780 26.05 54,190 24.26
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 327,710 24.53 51,030 22.78
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 174,890 28.51 59,300 27.29
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 117,770 24.84 51,670 22.43
Social workers, all other........................................................ 58,410 29.69 61,750 29.44
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 707,590 21.06 43,810 18.80
Health education specialists..................................................... 58,590 29.09 60,500 26.55
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 88,120 28.80 59,910 26.10
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 404,450 17.81 37,050 16.85
Community health workers......................................................... 58,950 21.34 44,390 19.41
Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 97,480 22.55 46,900 21.05
Religious workers.................................................................. 84,440 25.12 52,260 22.54
Clergy............................................................................ 53,180 26.53 55,190 24.23
Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 21,820 24.28 50,490 21.09
Religious workers, all other...................................................... 9,450 19.15 39,830 15.21
Legal occupations 1,150,780 52.71 109,630 39.34
Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 722,940 67.87 141,180 57.68
Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 673,800 68.84 143,200 58.02
Lawyers.......................................................................... 657,170 69.86 145,300 59.11
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 16,630 28.79 59,890 25.97
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 49,140 54.55 113,470 53.40
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 14,380 48.19 100,230 47.05
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 6,090 35.44 73,720 30.74
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 28,670 61.80 128,550 65.82
Legal support workers.............................................................. 427,840 27.08 56,320 24.96
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 329,870 26.45 55,020 24.87
Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 97,970 29.18 60,690 25.21
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 52,890 25.02 52,050 23.17
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 45,080 34.06 70,840 28.08
Educational instruction and library occupations 8,886,600 27.75 57,710 24.42
Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,407,110 (²) 90,830 (²)
Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 83,920 (²) 105,440 (²)
Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary................................. 82,940 (²) 90,970 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 31,800 (²) 98,430 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 51,150 (²) 86,330 (²)
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 42,860 (²) 110,040 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 6,780 (²) 98,980 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 36,080 (²) 112,110 (²)
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 64,330 (²) 97,110 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 9,470 (²) 89,320 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 53,090 (²) 98,700 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 1,770 (²) 90,940 (²)
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 52,240 (²) 97,090 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 11,020 (²) 102,690 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 21,380 (²) 92,650 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 6,060 (²) 93,450 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 13,780 (²) 101,110 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 117,590 (²) 92,920 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,850 (²) 95,140 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 10,600 (²) 88,410 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,270 (²) 119,160 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 3,970 (²) 86,540 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 15,750 (²) 102,290 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 37,480 (²) 87,530 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,850 (²) 85,240 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 16,830 (²) 85,390 (²)
Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 261,590 (²) 112,850 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 201,920 (²) 121,620 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 59,680 (²) 83,160 (²)
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 65,690 (²) 74,740 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 61,300 (²) 74,560 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,390 (²) 77,170 (²)
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 43,890 (²) 95,510 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 14,070 (²) 72,980 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 16,180 (²) 129,950 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 13,640 (²) 77,910 (²)
Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary............. 260,500 (²) 82,360 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 94,060 (²) 83,220 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 29,120 (²) 79,830 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 67,930 (²) 80,180 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 24,860 (²) 80,170 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 21,030 (²) 84,210 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 23,490 (²) 88,970 (²)
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 331,560 (²) 73,540 (²)
Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary............................. 2,150 (²) 85,270 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 15,880 (²) 73,720 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary............................... 112,210 29.05 60,420 26.26
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 201,320 (²) 80,720 (²)
Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers........... 4,211,470 (²) 61,420 (²)
Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 555,650 19.41 40,370 16.65
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 431,350 16.66 34,650 14.67
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 124,290 (²) 60,210 (²)
Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 2,064,680 (²) 63,820 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,430,480 (²) 63,930 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 622,330 (²) 63,550 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 11,860 (²) 64,900 (²)
Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,110,370 (²) 65,850 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 1,035,850 (²) 65,930 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 74,520 (²) 64,800 (²)
Special education teachers........................................................ 480,780 (²) 65,230 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 22,340 (²) 67,060 (²)
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 193,830 (²) 64,420 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 85,840 (²) 65,740 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 143,170 (²) 65,710 (²)
Special education teachers, all other............................................ 35,600 (²) 65,350 (²)
Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 1,212,090 19.58 40,730 15.93
Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and English as a second
language instructors............................................................. 51,950 28.36 58,980 26.13
Self-enrichment teachers.......................................................... 252,780 22.17 46,120 18.84
Substitute teachers, short-term................................................... 587,120 15.61 32,460 13.84
Tutors and teachers and instructors, all other.................................... 320,250 (²) 48,700 (²)
Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 257,060 25.16 52,330 23.57
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 32,640 26.11 54,320 23.97
Archivists....................................................................... 6,560 27.65 57,500 25.94
Curators......................................................................... 12,890 28.43 59,130 26.24
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 13,190 23.09 48,030 21.36
Librarians and media collections specialists...................................... 135,690 29.77 61,920 28.61
Library technicians............................................................... 88,720 17.76 36,950 16.78
Other educational instruction and library occupations.............................. 1,798,860 (²) 35,330 (²)
Farm and home management educators................................................ 8,720 25.34 52,720 23.90
Instructional coordinators........................................................ 176,690 33.26 69,180 31.87
Teaching assistants............................................................... 1,484,410 (²) 30,280 (²)
Teaching assistants, postsecondary............................................... 137,500 (²) 36,460 (²)
Teaching assistants, except postsecondary........................................ 1,346,910 (²) 29,640 (²)
Educational instruction and library workers, all other............................ 129,040 22.10 45,970 19.38
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 2,017,810 29.79 61,960 24.59
Art and design workers............................................................. 633,420 27.54 57,290 23.14
Artists and related workers....................................................... 96,760 43.01 89,470 37.14
Art directors.................................................................... 42,890 52.69 109,600 45.30
Craft artists.................................................................... 4,640 18.63 38,740 16.69
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 12,350 30.30 63,030 24.30
Special effects artists and animators............................................ 29,340 40.76 84,780 36.19
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,550 32.57 67,750 31.01
Designers......................................................................... 536,660 24.75 51,490 21.35
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 32,770 35.49 73,820 33.12
Fashion designers................................................................ 22,030 41.40 86,110 35.48
Floral designers................................................................. 41,770 14.31 29,760 13.48
Graphic designers................................................................ 215,930 27.17 56,510 25.05
Interior designers............................................................... 60,650 29.32 60,990 26.94
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 140,850 15.84 32,940 14.16
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 12,040 30.04 62,480 26.25
Designers, all other............................................................. 10,610 35.34 73,510 31.07
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 536,540 30.10 62,600 21.76
Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 181,830 40.52 84,290 30.34
Actors........................................................................... 52,620 29.14 (²) 20.43
Producers and directors.......................................................... 129,210 45.16 93,940 35.78
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 272,840 (²) 46,460 (²)
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 11,330 (²) 93,140 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 241,390 (²) 44,910 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 20,120 (²) 38,810 (²)
Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 14,320 23.83 49,570 18.68
Dancers.......................................................................... 9,690 22.91 (²) 17.49
Choreographers................................................................... 4,630 25.77 53,590 22.27
Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 51,710 38.15 (²) 28.88
Music directors and composers.................................................... 10,580 31.09 64,670 24.84
Musicians and singers............................................................ 41,130 39.96 (²) 30.39
Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............. 15,840 23.40 (²) 15.86
Media and communication workers.................................................... 609,210 32.61 67,830 28.48
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys....................................... 29,230 25.76 53,580 16.65
News analysts, reporters, and journalists......................................... 44,100 30.00 62,400 22.25
Public relations specialists...................................................... 244,730 33.75 70,190 29.40
Writers and editors............................................................... 192,580 35.42 73,680 31.31
Editors.......................................................................... 95,970 34.57 71,910 29.50
Technical writers................................................................ 50,760 36.95 76,860 35.03
Writers and authors.............................................................. 45,860 35.51 73,860 30.39
Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 98,560 27.49 57,170 25.15
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 58,870 27.40 57,000 24.92
Court reporters and simultaneous captioners...................................... 14,530 31.25 64,990 28.91
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 25,160 25.51 53,060 22.88
Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 238,630 27.86 57,950 23.21
Audio and video technicians....................................................... 73,960 24.65 51,260 22.07
Broadcast technicians............................................................. 28,650 22.50 46,800 19.51
Sound engineering technicians..................................................... 12,890 32.25 67,090 26.32
Photographers..................................................................... 50,620 21.85 45,440 17.44
Television, video, and film camera operators and editors.......................... 49,070 37.27 77,510 28.76
Camera operators, television, video, and film.................................... 21,500 31.23 64,960 26.52
Film and video editors........................................................... 27,570 41.97 87,300 30.66
Lighting technicians and media and communication equipment workers, all other..... 23,440 35.43 73,700 35.32
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 8,673,140 40.21 83,640 32.78
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners.................................... 5,685,500 49.26 102,470 39.61
Chiropractors..................................................................... 35,010 40.87 85,010 33.82
Dentists.......................................................................... 127,200 88.01 183,060 76.54
Dentists, general................................................................ 110,730 85.70 178,260 74.81
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 4,650 114.21 237,570 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,990 110.98 230,830 (³)
Prosthodontists.................................................................. 490 106.17 220,840 (³)
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 5,330 85.59 178,040 70.78
Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 67,670 29.97 62,330 29.46
Optometrists...................................................................... 39,420 59.12 122,980 55.41
Pharmacists....................................................................... 311,200 60.34 125,510 61.58
Physician assistants.............................................................. 120,090 54.04 112,410 53.97
Podiatrists....................................................................... 9,770 68.60 142,680 60.69
Therapists........................................................................ 709,730 38.87 80,850 37.88
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 133,570 41.45 86,210 40.84
Physical therapists.............................................................. 233,350 43.35 90,170 43.00
Radiation therapists............................................................. 17,860 44.05 91,620 41.14
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 19,070 24.58 51,130 23.18
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 132,090 30.75 63,950 29.48
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 154,360 39.43 82,000 38.04
Exercise physiologists........................................................... 7,280 26.32 54,750 23.64
Therapists, all other............................................................ 12,170 28.17 58,600 25.31
Veterinarians..................................................................... 74,540 50.39 104,820 45.90
Registered nurses................................................................. 2,982,280 37.24 77,460 35.24
Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 43,570 87.04 181,040 84.03
Nurse midwives.................................................................... 6,930 52.31 108,810 50.50
Nurse practitioners............................................................... 200,600 53.77 111,840 52.80
Audiologists...................................................................... 13,590 40.34 83,900 37.31
Anesthesiologists................................................................. 31,010 125.83 261,730 (³)
Family medicine physicians........................................................ 109,370 102.53 213,270 98.84
General internal medicine physicians.............................................. 44,610 96.85 201,440 96.92
Obstetricians and gynecologists................................................... 18,620 112.31 233,610 (³)
Pediatricians, general............................................................ 29,740 88.66 184,410 84.28
Psychiatrists..................................................................... 25,530 105.98 220,430 (³)
Physicians, all other; and ophthalmologists, except pediatric..................... 390,680 97.81 203,450 99.28
Surgeons, except ophthalmologists................................................. 36,270 121.17 252,040 (³)
Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners..................... 258,060 37.93 78,900 36.63
Dental hygienists................................................................ 221,560 37.13 77,230 36.65
Acupuncturists and healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other.... 36,500 42.82 89,060 36.37
Health technologists and technicians............................................... 2,902,300 22.86 47,540 21.34
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 326,020 26.34 54,780 25.54
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians...................................... 56,110 28.66 59,600 27.75
Diagnostic medical sonographers................................................... 72,790 36.44 75,780 35.73
Nuclear medicine technologists.................................................... 18,110 38.58 80,240 37.48
Radiologic technologists and technicians.......................................... 207,360 30.34 63,120 29.09
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists.......................................... 37,900 35.70 74,270 35.30
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 260,600 18.67 38,830 17.02
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 803,740 18.17 37,800 17.12
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 29,230 14.99 31,180 13.66
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 417,780 16.95 35,250 16.32
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 78,470 18.05 37,550 16.24
Surgical technologists........................................................... 109,000 24.09 50,110 23.22
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 110,650 17.63 36,670 16.98
Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 58,600 18.64 38,760 17.76
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 697,510 23.32 48,500 22.83
Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 72,330 19.58 40,730 18.19
Orthotists and prosthetists....................................................... 9,830 35.01 72,810 32.89
Hearing aid specialists........................................................... 8,210 26.62 55,360 25.68
Medical dosimetrists, medical records specialists, and health technologists and
technicians, all other........................................................... 331,790 22.40 46,590 20.50
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 85,340 27.22 56,620 23.93
Athletic trainers................................................................. 28,600 (²) 50,540 (²)
Genetic counselors................................................................ 2,390 40.54 84,310 39.36
Health information technologists, medical registrars, surgical assistants, and
healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 54,350 28.17 58,600 23.97
Healthcare support occupations 6,521,790 14.91 31,010 13.69
Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and
psychiatric aides................................................................. 4,683,430 13.39 27,860 12.68
Home health and personal care aides............................................... 3,161,500 12.71 26,440 12.15
Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides.............................. 1,521,930 14.80 30,790 14.27
Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,419,920 14.77 30,720 14.26
Orderlies........................................................................ 46,990 14.76 30,710 13.93
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 55,020 15.67 32,590 14.96
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 198,660 24.56 51,080 25.44
Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 52,550 27.84 57,910 28.46
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 44,990 29.75 61,880 29.57
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 7,560 16.50 34,310 14.05
Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 146,110 23.38 48,630 23.55
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 96,840 28.14 58,520 28.26
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 49,270 14.03 29,180 12.98
Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,639,700 18.07 37,580 17.24
Massage therapists................................................................ 107,240 22.68 47,180 20.59
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,532,460 17.74 36,910 17.13
Dental assistants................................................................ 351,470 19.79 41,170 19.27
Medical assistants............................................................... 712,430 17.17 35,720 16.73
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 56,900 19.01 39,530 18.00
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 55,780 16.93 35,210 16.05
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 37,280 14.66 30,490 13.39
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 97,030 14.28 29,690 13.75
Phlebotomists.................................................................... 128,290 17.54 36,480 17.07
Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 93,270 19.24 40,010 18.49
Protective service occupations 3,498,800 23.98 49,880 19.99
Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 319,960 37.31 77,600 34.35
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 167,780 42.20 87,770 39.90
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 46,430 33.18 69,000 30.64
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 121,340 45.65 94,950 43.79
First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers..................... 69,590 39.43 82,010 37.40
Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers.................. 82,590 25.58 53,210 24.27
Firefighting and prevention workers................................................ 340,490 26.46 55,040 24.68
Firefighters...................................................................... 324,620 26.27 54,650 24.45
Fire inspectors................................................................... 15,870 30.38 63,180 28.96
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 13,710 31.12 64,730 29.65
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 2,160 25.65 53,350 21.77
Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,232,740 30.17 62,740 27.42
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 442,700 24.14 50,210 21.78
Bailiffs......................................................................... 19,650 24.92 51,840 22.99
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 423,050 24.10 50,130 21.72
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 105,620 41.36 86,030 39.99
Fish and game wardens............................................................. 6,800 27.73 57,690 27.64
Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 7,650 20.88 43,420 19.67
Police officers................................................................... 669,970 32.51 67,620 30.41
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 665,280 32.50 67,600 30.36
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 4,690 34.19 71,120 34.53
Other protective service workers................................................... 1,605,610 16.05 33,380 14.31
Animal control workers............................................................ 11,980 19.09 39,710 18.07
Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 35,000 27.40 57,000 24.28
Security guards and gambling surveillance officers................................ 1,136,650 15.90 33,080 14.29
Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators........................ 10,280 18.28 38,030 16.44
Security guards.................................................................. 1,126,370 15.88 33,030 14.27
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 421,980 15.42 32,070 13.78
Crossing guards and flaggers..................................................... 84,920 15.83 32,920 14.31
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 143,940 12.20 25,380 11.26
Transportation security screeners................................................ 46,730 20.34 42,310 20.08
School bus monitors and protective service workers, all other.................... 146,390 16.77 34,880 14.90
Food preparation and serving related occupations 13,494,590 12.82 26,670 11.65
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 1,139,290 18.82 39,140 16.74
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 1,139,290 18.82 39,140 16.74
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 128,190 27.07 56,310 24.78
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 1,011,100 17.77 36,960 16.06
Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 3,367,740 13.03 27,100 12.45
Cooks............................................................................. 2,504,000 13.24 27,550 12.67
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 527,220 11.31 23,530 11.30
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 402,480 13.96 29,030 13.34
Cooks, private household......................................................... 390 21.92 45,600 18.21
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,401,890 13.80 28,700 13.36
Cooks, short order............................................................... 152,670 12.62 26,240 12.09
Cooks, all other................................................................. 19,340 15.50 32,240 14.79
Food preparation workers.......................................................... 863,740 12.41 25,820 11.92
Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 7,500,280 12.01 24,990 11.02
Bartenders........................................................................ 646,850 13.46 28,000 11.39
Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 3,996,820 11.18 23,250 10.93
Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 2,579,020 12.88 26,800 11.00
Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 277,580 12.54 26,080 11.74
Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,487,290 11.82 24,590 11.37
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 477,270 12.03 25,020 11.28
Dishwashers....................................................................... 514,330 11.74 24,410 11.53
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 423,380 11.54 24,010 11.10
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 72,300 12.74 26,510 12.01
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,429,100 15.03 31,250 13.62
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 259,140 22.80 47,430 21.39
First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 259,140 22.80 47,430 21.39
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 155,550 21.23 44,160 19.61
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 103,580 25.16 52,340 23.73
Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 3,170,010 14.11 29,350 12.78
Building cleaning workers......................................................... 3,090,570 13.98 29,080 12.68
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,145,450 14.43 30,010 13.19
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 926,960 12.89 26,810 11.95
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 18,150 16.96 35,270 15.01
Pest control workers.............................................................. 79,450 19.19 39,910 17.95
Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 999,960 15.91 33,100 14.85
Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 999,960 15.91 33,100 14.85
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 912,660 15.56 32,360 14.63
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 25,780 18.86 39,230 17.23
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 47,210 20.44 42,510 19.22
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 14,310 18.21 37,870 15.43
Personal care and service occupations 3,303,200 15.03 31,260 12.61
Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 247,100 21.35 44,400 19.68
First-line supervisors of gambling services workers............................... 29,420 24.93 51,850 24.38
First-line supervisors of personal service and entertainment and recreation
workers, except gambling services................................................ 217,680 20.86 43,400 19.14
Animal care and service workers.................................................... 228,980 13.33 27,720 12.02
Animal trainers................................................................... 16,530 17.43 36,240 14.63
Animal caretakers................................................................. 212,450 13.01 27,060 11.91
Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 628,090 12.05 25,060 11.18
Gambling services workers......................................................... 119,330 12.02 25,010 10.45
Gambling dealers................................................................. 98,890 11.53 23,980 10.22
Gambling and sports book writers and runners..................................... 9,970 13.38 27,830 11.90
Gambling service workers, all other.............................................. 10,470 15.38 32,000 13.61
Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 4,540 14.37 29,890 12.09
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 138,160 11.96 24,870 11.30
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 366,050 12.06 25,090 11.32
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 338,110 11.70 24,330 11.23
Costume attendants............................................................... 7,460 23.55 48,970 19.91
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 15,990 13.57 28,230 12.07
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 4,500 15.28 31,790 12.72
Embalmers.......................................................................... 3,890 24.09 50,100 22.96
Funeral attendants................................................................. 34,370 14.34 29,830 13.43
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers..................................... 25,440 28.06 58,360 26.04
Personal appearance workers........................................................ 589,960 15.24 31,700 12.71
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 405,990 15.25 31,710 12.63
Barbers.......................................................................... 20,030 16.92 35,190 14.50
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 385,960 15.16 31,530 12.54
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 183,970 15.22 31,660 12.83
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 3,400 39.23 81,600 36.41
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 111,780 13.17 27,390 12.39
Shampooers....................................................................... 12,120 11.02 22,910 10.84
Skincare specialists............................................................. 56,660 18.74 38,970 16.39
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 81,460 15.06 31,330 13.73
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 81,460 15.06 31,330 13.73
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 39,790 13.57 28,230 12.30
Concierges....................................................................... 41,670 16.48 34,290 15.09
Tour and travel guides............................................................. 48,710 14.74 30,670 13.27
Tour and travel guides............................................................ 48,710 14.74 30,670 13.27
Childcare workers.................................................................. 561,520 12.27 25,510 11.65
Recreation and fitness workers..................................................... 684,240 17.71 36,830 14.66
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors................................... 325,500 21.69 45,110 19.42
Recreation workers................................................................ 358,750 14.10 29,330 12.67
Residential advisors............................................................... 107,930 15.20 31,610 14.16
Crematory operators and personal care and service workers, all other............... 61,510 14.03 29,190 13.04
Sales and related occupations 14,371,410 20.70 43,060 14.24
Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,420,990 25.43 52,900 21.27
First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,420,990 25.43 52,900 21.27
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,171,900 22.03 45,830 19.40
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 249,090 41.43 86,180 35.94
Retail sales workers............................................................... 8,603,590 13.27 27,600 11.84
Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,617,910 11.73 24,400 11.38
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,596,630 11.72 24,370 11.37
Gambling change persons and booth cashiers....................................... 21,290 13.46 28,010 12.35
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 667,730 16.16 33,610 14.35
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 411,560 15.67 32,600 13.86
Parts salespersons............................................................... 256,170 16.93 35,220 15.24
Retail salespersons............................................................... 4,317,950 14.12 29,360 12.14
Sales representatives, services.................................................... 2,084,000 34.45 71,660 26.62
Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 129,740 31.09 64,660 25.63
Insurance sales agents............................................................ 410,050 32.59 67,780 24.49
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 437,880 44.75 93,090 29.94
Travel agents..................................................................... 66,670 21.49 44,690 19.55
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial
services, and travel............................................................. 1,039,670 32.10 66,760 26.99
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,651,500 36.14 75,180 30.29
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,651,500 36.14 75,180 30.29
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products........................................................................ 306,980 44.70 92,980 38.95
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and
scientific products............................................................. 1,344,530 34.19 71,110 28.81
Other sales and related workers.................................................... 611,330 25.72 53,500 17.89
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 80,080 17.00 35,360 14.85
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 77,760 16.98 35,320 14.87
Models........................................................................... 2,320 17.52 36,430 13.63
Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 205,060 31.78 66,100 24.39
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 42,730 39.16 81,450 28.71
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 162,330 29.83 62,060 23.53
Sales engineers................................................................... 63,550 54.22 112,780 49.95
Telemarketers..................................................................... 134,800 14.31 29,770 12.64
Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 127,850 19.35 40,240 15.14
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 8,930 16.90 35,150 13.19
Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 118,910 19.53 40,620 15.30
Office and administrative support occupations 19,528,250 19.73 41,040 18.07
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,487,870 28.91 60,130 27.22
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,487,870 28.91 60,130 27.22
Communications equipment operators................................................. 76,030 16.29 33,890 14.94
Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 68,050 15.88 33,030 14.72
Telephone operators............................................................... 4,740 18.24 37,940 17.19
Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 3,240 22.14 46,050 20.57
Financial clerks................................................................... 2,910,660 19.60 40,770 18.52
Bill and account collectors....................................................... 235,870 18.90 39,300 17.79
Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 466,450 19.53 40,620 18.63
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,512,660 20.65 42,960 19.82
Gambling cage workers............................................................. 14,330 14.23 29,600 13.48
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 142,700 22.79 47,390 22.20
Procurement clerks................................................................ 66,030 21.14 43,980 20.82
Tellers........................................................................... 442,120 15.22 31,660 15.02
Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 30,500 21.51 44,740 20.40
Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,780,040 17.59 36,580 16.37
Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 47,990 26.53 55,190 25.36
Correspondence clerks............................................................. 6,250 19.03 39,570 18.34
Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 154,020 20.21 42,030 18.93
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 26,700 20.13 41,880 19.28
Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,919,230 17.94 37,320 16.69
Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 139,780 22.65 47,110 22.40
File clerks....................................................................... 102,300 16.64 34,610 15.73
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 267,940 12.47 25,950 11.76
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 188,570 17.49 36,390 16.81
Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 85,910 14.34 29,820 13.22
Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 208,530 20.17 41,960 19.54
New accounts clerks............................................................... 43,420 18.50 38,490 17.57
Order clerks...................................................................... 137,180 17.60 36,600 16.46
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 117,340 20.49 42,620 19.92
Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 1,057,370 15.02 31,250 14.45
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 123,660 21.34 44,390 18.45
Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 153,850 20.39 42,410 19.89
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 2,155,080 21.13 43,950 19.39
Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 95,810 22.48 46,770 21.03
Couriers and messengers........................................................... 74,720 15.21 31,640 14.28
Dispatchers....................................................................... 294,680 21.24 44,170 19.61
Public safety telecommunicators.................................................. 95,320 21.31 44,310 20.15
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 199,360 21.20 44,100 19.32
Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 30,450 22.23 46,250 20.33
Postal service workers............................................................ 523,220 24.88 51,740 25.03
Postal service clerks............................................................ 81,170 24.33 50,610 23.23
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 339,650 25.09 52,180 24.67
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 102,390 24.61 51,190 28.91
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 370,380 24.35 50,640 23.20
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks......................................... 704,910 17.32 36,030 16.44
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 60,920 17.62 36,650 16.85
Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,353,950 20.87 43,410 19.16
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,353,950 20.87 43,410 19.16
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 542,690 30.25 62,920 29.27
Legal secretaries and administrative assistants.................................. 168,140 24.47 50,900 22.74
Medical secretaries and administrative assistants................................ 604,780 18.31 38,090 17.59
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 2,038,340 18.84 39,180 18.12
Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,764,620 17.75 36,920 16.67
Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 207,390 17.52 36,440 16.79
Data entry keyers................................................................ 159,930 16.74 34,820 16.10
Word processors and typists...................................................... 47,460 20.13 41,880 19.39
Desktop publishers................................................................ 8,740 23.43 48,740 21.82
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 257,000 20.81 43,280 19.59
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 83,580 15.68 32,620 14.89
Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,956,060 17.48 36,360 16.37
Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 45,960 16.90 35,150 16.08
Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 7,730 20.77 43,200 19.54
Statistical assistants............................................................ 9,810 24.83 51,640 23.97
Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 188,360 18.41 38,290 17.05
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 484,750 15.07 31,340 13.07
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 22,560 25.25 52,520 23.21
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 22,560 25.25 52,520 23.21
Agricultural workers............................................................... 415,390 14.00 29,120 12.52
Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 13,760 22.67 47,160 21.87
Animal breeders................................................................... 1,610 22.32 46,420 20.64
Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 34,340 13.25 27,570 12.34
Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 365,680 13.71 28,510 12.41
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 26,990 16.01 33,300 15.36
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 295,520 13.36 27,780 12.23
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 36,630 14.37 29,880 13.38
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 6,540 16.31 33,930 14.23
Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 44,720 19.78 41,130 18.79
Forest and conservation workers................................................... 6,760 15.76 32,790 15.27
Logging workers................................................................... 37,960 20.49 42,620 19.82
Fallers.......................................................................... 4,890 23.88 49,670 21.46
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 26,030 20.22 42,060 19.92
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 3,300 18.80 39,110 17.92
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 3,750 19.42 40,390 19.12
Construction and extraction occupations 6,194,140 25.28 52,580 22.80
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 626,180 34.35 71,440 31.83
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 626,180 34.35 71,440 31.83
Construction trades workers........................................................ 4,617,440 24.68 51,330 22.28
Boilermakers...................................................................... 15,820 31.27 65,040 30.34
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 73,040 26.46 55,040 24.79
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 60,650 27.15 56,470 25.53
Stonemasons...................................................................... 12,390 23.11 48,070 20.81
Carpenters........................................................................ 734,170 25.41 52,850 23.24
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 87,700 22.44 46,680 20.22
Carpet installers................................................................ 26,010 21.79 45,320 19.27
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 16,290 23.37 48,610 21.27
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 4,940 20.34 42,300 19.04
Tile and stone setters........................................................... 40,470 22.74 47,300 20.70
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 199,090 23.30 48,450 21.57
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 196,120 23.24 48,330 21.54
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 2,970 27.09 56,340 25.09
Construction laborers............................................................. 1,020,350 20.06 41,730 17.72
Construction equipment operators.................................................. 455,050 25.66 53,370 23.16
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 45,770 21.46 44,630 19.29
Pile driver operators............................................................ 3,540 33.76 70,230 30.10
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 405,750 26.06 54,210 23.55
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 120,820 25.09 52,190 22.77
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 102,850 24.31 50,560 21.97
Tapers........................................................................... 17,970 29.59 61,550 28.40
Electricians...................................................................... 688,620 29.02 60,370 27.01
Glaziers.......................................................................... 52,400 23.95 49,810 21.46
Insulation workers................................................................ 60,220 23.60 49,090 21.24
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 33,550 21.68 45,100 19.41
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 26,670 26.02 54,120 23.41
Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 236,140 21.46 44,630 19.37
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 232,760 21.46 44,640 19.37
Paperhangers..................................................................... 3,380 21.38 44,470 19.48
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 479,140 28.16 58,570 25.92
Pipelayers....................................................................... 36,270 20.96 43,600 18.66
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 442,870 28.75 59,800 26.52
Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 27,360 23.90 49,710 21.85
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 18,870 26.27 54,650 23.60
Roofers........................................................................... 129,690 22.03 45,820 20.24
Sheet metal workers............................................................... 131,300 26.19 54,480 24.23
Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 76,570 28.45 59,170 26.46
Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 11,080 22.52 46,850 21.58
Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 242,400 16.49 34,300 15.73
Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 242,400 16.49 34,300 15.73
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 23,480 18.48 38,440 17.02
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 32,920 16.26 33,830 15.89
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 79,260 16.49 34,300 15.78
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 10,850 15.83 32,930 15.07
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 58,400 16.23 33,750 15.43
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 8,960 16.04 33,350 15.44
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 28,530 16.06 33,400 15.34
Other construction and related workers............................................. 437,730 24.81 51,600 22.36
Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 110,420 30.96 64,390 29.19
Elevator and escalator installers and repairers................................... 28,350 40.02 83,250 40.86
Fence erectors.................................................................... 25,900 18.56 38,600 17.21
Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 44,240 22.95 47,740 21.11
Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 150,860 20.39 42,410 19.58
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 16,180 27.48 57,160 26.97
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 29,750 20.56 42,760 19.17
Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 32,040 21.17 44,030 19.10
Extraction workers................................................................. 270,390 23.16 48,180 21.61
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas.................... 84,880 25.15 52,320 23.24
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 12,110 23.09 48,030 22.59
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 21,010 27.44 57,070 26.43
Service unit operators, oil and gas.............................................. 51,760 24.71 51,390 22.47
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining............. 44,090 23.36 48,580 21.54
Continuous mining machine operators............................................... 14,630 27.18 56,530 26.58
Roof bolters, mining.............................................................. 3,140 28.63 59,560 28.41
Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining.......................... 4,200 25.83 53,730 26.06
Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 5,080 17.97 37,390 17.34
Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 58,930 19.85 41,280 18.71
Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 16,700 18.46 38,390 17.85
Earth drillers, except oil and gas; and explosives workers, ordnance handling
experts, and blasters............................................................ 24,940 23.50 48,890 22.24
Underground mining machine operators and extraction workers, all other............ 13,790 25.13 52,280 24.11
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,713,450 24.10 50,130 22.42
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 485,700 33.92 70,550 32.44
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 485,700 33.92 70,550 32.44
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 557,620 26.27 54,630 25.28
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 98,260 20.23 42,070 19.01
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 222,850 28.13 58,510 27.75
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 14,370 27.80 57,820 26.62
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 208,480 28.15 58,560 27.84
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................................ 236,500 27.02 56,200 26.14
Avionics technicians............................................................. 21,750 32.20 66,970 31.59
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 15,890 22.41 46,620 21.19
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 9,790 30.61 63,670 30.06
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 58,930 29.02 60,360 28.51
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 22,650 39.08 81,280 39.80
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 10,310 18.71 38,910 17.97
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers................................... 25,590 20.25 42,130 18.99
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 71,600 24.14 50,210 23.54
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,638,920 22.81 47,440 21.44
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 133,310 32.27 67,110 30.81
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 818,920 21.71 45,150 20.26
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 144,180 22.79 47,390 20.95
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 19,410 18.00 37,440 17.20
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 655,330 21.58 44,890 20.24
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 266,330 24.21 50,360 23.32
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 210,020 25.55 53,140 24.80
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 36,290 20.97 43,630 20.29
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 147,800 26.36 54,840 25.66
Rail car repairers............................................................... 25,930 27.31 56,810 27.11
Small engine mechanics............................................................ 70,690 19.26 40,050 18.19
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 22,940 20.89 43,440 19.87
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 15,590 19.22 39,970 18.08
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 32,160 18.11 37,670 17.36
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 139,640 15.24 31,710 14.19
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 13,190 15.07 31,360 14.58
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 15,580 20.03 41,660 18.54
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 110,880 14.59 30,350 13.77
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 3,031,220 22.83 47,480 21.20
Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 75,320 26.43 54,970 24.34
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 23,050 21.03 43,740 19.99
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 52,270 28.81 59,920 27.93
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 342,040 24.72 51,420 23.43
Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 31,100 20.38 42,400 19.36
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 508,660 26.27 54,640 25.41
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 387,630 26.60 55,320 25.77
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 72,890 23.77 49,450 22.85
Millwrights...................................................................... 47,320 27.43 57,050 26.71
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 820 26.80 55,750 25.95
Line installers and repairers..................................................... 232,560 31.52 65,570 31.59
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 111,660 34.60 71,960 34.86
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 120,900 28.69 59,670 27.29
Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 71,360 24.85 51,700 23.29
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 3,620 19.58 40,720 18.69
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 46,370 25.54 53,130 23.69
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 8,020 19.11 39,750 17.62
Watch and clock repairers........................................................ 2,780 21.77 45,280 20.44
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 10,570 28.82 59,940 28.23
Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,418,990 20.17 41,960 18.79
Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 5,960 27.26 56,700 25.44
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 345,230 19.86 41,310 17.91
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 31,370 17.97 37,380 17.03
Commercial divers................................................................ 3,420 32.26 67,100 24.03
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 17,010 21.38 44,460 20.16
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 2,810 16.49 34,300 16.29
Riggers.......................................................................... 23,000 25.20 52,420 24.45
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 6,860 34.95 72,690 35.52
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 99,460 15.66 32,570 14.68
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 161,290 21.06 43,800 19.15
Production occupations 9,158,980 19.30 40,140 17.31
Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 631,100 31.35 65,220 29.48
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 631,100 31.35 65,220 29.48
Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,856,870 17.46 36,310 16.21
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 42,940 27.15 56,460 26.06
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 297,880 17.79 37,010 16.77
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 12,690 18.63 38,760 17.56
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders,
tapers, and finishers........................................................... 285,190 17.75 36,930 16.74
Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 45,980 22.39 46,570 21.95
Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 76,890 20.67 43,000 19.42
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................. 20,010 17.78 36,970 17.06
Timing device assemblers and adjusters............................................ 1,260 18.32 38,110 16.87
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,371,920 16.73 34,800 15.55
Food processing workers............................................................ 802,290 14.94 31,080 14.09
Bakers............................................................................ 184,990 14.25 29,630 13.32
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 364,150 14.87 30,920 14.19
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 136,770 16.35 34,010 15.62
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 153,990 13.85 28,810 13.51
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 73,390 14.23 29,600 14.05
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 253,140 15.56 32,360 14.52
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 20,830 16.29 33,880 15.19
Food batchmakers................................................................. 159,390 15.92 33,120 14.80
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 30,030 15.54 32,320 14.96
Food processing workers, all other............................................... 42,890 13.85 28,820 13.24
Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,825,170 20.22 42,050 18.96
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 125,730 18.89 39,290 18.12
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 76,940 18.16 37,770 17.46
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 16,320 19.81 41,200 19.07
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 32,470 20.15 41,920 19.47
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 329,530 18.48 38,440 17.54
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 195,040 17.94 37,310 17.12
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 10,870 20.49 42,630 18.71
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................. 76,810 18.20 37,860 17.36
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 28,070 20.19 41,990 19.28
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 18,730 21.55 44,820 20.77
Machinists........................................................................ 383,470 22.17 46,120 21.36
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 25,160 20.43 42,500 19.66
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 17,150 20.81 43,280 20.31
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 8,010 19.64 40,850 18.57
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 7,310 25.75 53,560 25.09
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 4,300 27.61 57,420 27.41
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 3,010 23.10 48,050 22.55
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 190,110 16.77 34,870 15.61
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 17,590 17.75 36,920 17.11
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic..................................................................... 172,520 16.67 34,670 15.45
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 146,950 18.47 38,410 17.47
Tool and die makers............................................................... 70,770 26.43 54,980 25.92
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 445,850 21.54 44,800 20.24
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 410,750 21.73 45,190 20.43
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 35,110 19.35 40,240 18.42
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 100,300 18.49 38,470 17.33
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 19,560 19.16 39,840 18.39
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 8,150 23.51 48,900 24.01
Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 41,810 17.14 35,640 16.10
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 6,440 20.18 41,970 18.91
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 24,340 18.17 37,790 16.75
Printing workers................................................................... 249,300 18.65 38,790 17.60
Printing workers.................................................................. 249,300 18.65 38,790 17.60
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 30,270 20.45 42,540 19.48
Printing press operators......................................................... 173,430 18.80 39,100 17.74
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 45,600 16.89 35,130 15.89
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 569,260 13.78 28,660 12.68
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 209,330 12.22 25,420 11.64
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 38,070 11.93 24,820 11.63
Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 133,410 13.46 28,000 12.70
Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 13,780 14.70 30,570 14.34
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 8,760 14.70 30,580 14.21
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 5,020 14.68 30,540 14.70
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 28,880 16.32 33,950 15.02
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 4,770 14.92 31,020 14.40
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 24,110 16.60 34,530 15.15
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 74,220 14.77 30,720 14.25
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 8,690 14.81 30,810 14.16
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 13,210 14.26 29,660 13.81
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 21,130 15.05 31,300 14.41
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and
tenders......................................................................... 31,190 14.78 30,740 14.32
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 71,570 17.67 36,750 16.26
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and
glass fibers.................................................................... 18,230 18.16 37,760 17.36
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 5,870 25.35 52,740 21.67
Upholsterers..................................................................... 29,420 17.62 36,640 16.89
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 18,060 14.76 30,710 13.45
Woodworkers........................................................................ 253,080 16.66 34,660 15.75
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 99,400 18.09 37,620 17.21
Furniture finishers............................................................... 16,220 16.51 34,350 15.62
Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 1,190 28.49 59,270 29.39
Model makers, wood............................................................... 810 27.56 57,320 28.49
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 370 30.53 63,490 31.19
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 129,580 15.47 32,170 14.79
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 50,730 15.46 32,150 14.62
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 78,850 15.47 32,180 14.90
Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 6,700 16.96 35,270 15.92
Plant and system operators......................................................... 302,270 30.40 63,230 29.01
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 49,440 40.22 83,660 41.32
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 5,050 48.55 100,990 48.33
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 10,770 42.74 88,910 43.61
Power plant operators............................................................ 33,620 38.16 79,370 39.42
Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 32,520 31.71 65,970 29.88
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 123,730 24.28 50,490 22.96
Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 96,580 32.77 68,170 32.64
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 28,840 30.15 62,710 30.07
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 14,410 34.16 71,050 34.00
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 40,370 35.49 73,830 35.66
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 12,950 28.61 59,500 28.07
Other production occupations....................................................... 2,669,650 18.64 38,770 17.11
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 138,290 23.68 49,250 22.22
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 87,120 24.78 51,540 23.62
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders.......................................................... 51,160 21.81 45,370 19.87
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 187,870 18.63 38,740 17.62
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 33,360 18.88 39,270 18.06
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 29,170 15.90 33,060 14.71
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 125,340 19.19 39,920 18.17
Cutting workers................................................................... 67,620 17.37 36,120 16.74
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 9,670 15.55 32,340 14.52
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 57,960 17.67 36,750 17.11
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and
tenders.......................................................................... 71,850 17.90 37,240 17.06
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 18,970 19.88 41,350 19.27
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 576,950 20.67 43,000 18.82
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 23,590 22.09 45,950 19.65
Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians.... 77,730 19.58 40,730 17.96
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 34,460 21.31 44,330 19.87
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 14,130 21.25 44,200 19.56
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 29,150 16.73 34,800 15.68
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 390,540 16.15 33,590 14.90
Painting workers.................................................................. 158,780 19.63 40,820 18.16
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 12,430 17.11 35,600 15.84
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 146,350 19.84 41,260 18.34
Semiconductor processing technicians.............................................. 27,680 20.17 41,950 18.30
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 11,940 17.74 36,890 15.52
Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers.................... 177,270 21.90 45,560 20.68
Computer numerically controlled tool operators................................... 151,700 20.75 43,170 19.81
Computer numerically controlled tool programmers................................. 25,570 28.72 59,730 27.14
Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 740,570 16.34 33,980 14.94
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 13,890 17.31 36,010 16.51
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 16,410 16.46 34,230 15.31
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 8,740 17.80 37,010 16.97
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 10,310 16.24 33,770 14.72
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 44,890 17.31 36,000 16.36
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 100,290 19.70 40,980 18.85
Tire builders.................................................................... 20,790 21.64 45,010 22.12
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 303,030 14.68 30,540 13.99
Production workers, all other.................................................... 222,230 16.26 33,830 14.33
Transportation and material moving occupations 12,532,030 18.23 37,920 15.60
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 464,890 27.81 57,850 26.46
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.............. 464,890 27.81 57,850 26.46
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................. 9,500 27.87 57,960 25.89
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except
aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................. 455,390 27.81 57,840 26.47
Air transportation workers......................................................... 275,960 (²) 104,130 (²)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 122,350 (²) 152,610 (²)
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 84,520 (²) 174,870 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 37,830 (²) 102,870 (²)
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 32,780 47.96 99,760 44.80
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 22,090 57.76 120,140 59.13
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 10,680 27.70 57,620 25.31
Flight attendants................................................................. 120,840 (²) 56,230 (²)
Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 4,174,700 19.57 40,710 18.53
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 14,740 14.23 29,600 12.45
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 3,223,840 20.27 42,170 19.38
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 444,660 14.53 30,230 12.43
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,856,130 22.52 46,850 21.76
Light truck drivers.............................................................. 923,050 18.52 38,520 16.70
Passenger vehicle drivers......................................................... 879,540 17.21 35,790 16.01
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 179,510 22.03 45,830 20.69
Passenger vehicle drivers, except bus drivers, transit and intercity............. 700,030 15.97 33,210 15.07
Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 56,590 17.93 37,300 15.82
Rail transportation workers........................................................ 111,090 32.33 67,240 31.20
Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 40,920 33.21 69,080 31.27
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 35,520 34.41 71,570 32.26
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 5,400 25.33 52,690 23.72
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers................ 11,080 29.99 62,380 28.97
Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 45,710 32.86 68,350 31.73
Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 10,730 30.66 63,770 32.63
Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 2,650 26.04 54,170 24.81
Water transportation workers....................................................... 75,180 34.25 71,240 27.56
Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 31,290 25.60 53,250 20.90
Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 35,480 40.93 85,130 33.60
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 33,370 42.03 87,420 34.78
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 2,120 23.57 49,030 23.20
Ship engineers.................................................................... 8,410 38.24 79,540 35.87
Other transportation workers....................................................... 368,840 15.98 33,240 12.87
Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 3,150 23.02 47,880 24.09
Parking attendants................................................................ 147,390 12.72 26,450 12.09
Automotive and watercraft service attendants...................................... 117,670 12.91 26,860 12.11
Traffic technicians............................................................... 7,470 25.28 52,590 22.83
Transportation inspectors......................................................... 30,020 37.27 77,530 36.45
Passenger attendants.............................................................. 28,200 14.15 29,420 12.78
Aircraft service attendants and transportation workers, all other................. 34,940 20.65 42,940 17.79
Material moving workers............................................................ 7,061,370 15.28 31,790 13.97
Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 24,050 17.38 36,150 16.66
Crane and tower operators......................................................... 45,480 29.10 60,530 27.26
Dredge operators.................................................................. 1,550 24.68 51,340 22.62
Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 4,800 30.14 62,690 28.71
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 629,270 18.24 37,930 17.40
Laborers and material movers...................................................... 6,168,600 14.70 30,570 13.53
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 382,670 13.43 27,940 12.40
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,953,170 15.45 32,130 14.19
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 63,280 15.87 33,010 14.99
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 633,640 13.31 27,680 12.46
Stockers and order fillers....................................................... 2,135,850 14.26 29,660 13.16
Pumping station operators......................................................... 26,420 25.87 53,820 25.11
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 3,440 30.15 62,710 31.81
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 10,000 23.61 49,120 21.65
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 12,970 26.48 55,080 26.46
Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 121,330 19.90 41,400 18.19
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 11,620 22.88 47,580 20.36
Material moving workers, all other................................................ 28,240 17.56 36,530 15.28
(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080
hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from
the reported survey data.
(2) Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual
salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
(3) Represents a wage equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour.
United States Department of Labor
