For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 31, 2021 USDL-21-0581
Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oewsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2020
Healthcare support occupations had employment of 6.4 million in May 2020, representing
4.6 percent of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. The largest healthcare support occupation was home health and personal care
aides (3.2 million) and the highest paying healthcare support occupation was occupational
therapy assistants ($63,420). The annual mean wage across all healthcare support
occupations was $32,250, compared with the U.S. average wage of $56,310. (See table 1.)
The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program provides employment and
wage estimates for nearly 800 occupations in the nation, states, and approximately 530
areas. National data are available by industry for approximately 415 industry
classifications and by ownership across all industries and for the educational services
and hospitals industries. This news release features healthcare support, educational
instruction and library, and food preparation and serving related occupations, in
addition to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) occupations and
employment and wages by typical entry-level educational requirement. National
employment and wage information for all occupations is shown in table 1.
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| |
| Notes on Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data |
| |
| The BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program has changed its name to |
| Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS). See box notes at the end of this |
| news release for information on the following topics: the OEWS name change, the |
| impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OEWS data, the use of a hybrid 2010 and 2018 |
| Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, and upcoming changes to OEWS |
| methodology. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
Healthcare support occupations
--The largest healthcare support occupations were home health and personal care aides
(3.2 million), nursing assistants (1.4 million), and medical assistants (710,200).
Healthcare support workers assist healthcare practitioners and technical occupations,
such as physicians and nurses. (See table 1.)
--The largest healthcare support occupation, home health and personal care aides, was
also the lowest paying, with an annual mean wage of $28,060. The lowest paying
healthcare support occupations also included physical therapist aides ($30,110) and
veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ($30,980). (See table 1.)
--The highest paying healthcare support occupations were occupational therapy
assistants ($63,420) and physical therapist assistants ($59,440). Both occupations
typically require an associate's degree for entry. (See table 1.)
--Industries with the largest employment of healthcare support occupations were
individual and family services (1.5 million), home health care services (959,870),
general medical and surgical hospitals (702,320), and nursing care facilities
(skilled nursing facilities) (630,550).
--Alaska ($42,080) and Washington ($38,330) were the states with the highest wages
for healthcare support occupations.
National industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
State data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm.
Educational instruction and library occupations
--Educational instruction and library occupations had employment of 8.4 million,
representing 6.1 percent of U.S. employment, and an annual mean wage of $59,810.
(See table 1.)
--Seventy-four percent of educational instruction and library jobs were in the
public sector, compared with 15 percent of overall employment. Almost 88 percent
of elementary school teachers, except special education were employed in local
government.
--The highest paying educational instruction and library occupations included
postsecondary law teachers ($134,760) and postsecondary health specialties teachers
($124,890). The lowest paying occupations in this group included teaching assistants,
except postsecondary ($30,630) and short-term substitute teachers ($36,090). (See
table 1.)
--Elementary school teachers, except special education had an annual mean wage of
$65,420 nationally. California ($85,110) and Massachusetts ($84,810) were among the
highest paying states for this occupation; Mississippi ($43,280) and South Dakota
($44,790) were the lowest paying states.
Public/private sector ownership data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
Food preparation and serving related occupations
--Food preparation and serving related occupations had total employment of 11.3 million,
representing 8.1 percent of U.S. employment. This was the lowest paying occupational
group overall, with an annual mean wage of $27,650. (See table 1.)
--The largest food preparation and serving related occupations were fast food and
counter workers (3.5 million), waiters and waitresses (1.9 million), and restaurant
cooks (1.1 million). (See table 1.)
--Chefs and head cooks ($58,740) was the only food preparation and serving related
occupation with a mean wage above the U.S. average of $56,310. The lowest paying food
preparation and serving related occupations were fast food cooks ($24,300) and fast
food and counter workers ($24,540). (See table 1.)
--Nearly 8.1 million food preparation and serving related jobs were in restaurants and
other eating places, representing 72 percent of employment in this occupational group.
After restaurants and other eating places, the industries with the largest employment
of food preparation and serving related occupations were special food services
(447,500), which includes food service contractors and caterers, and food and beverage
stores (401,770).
--Food preparation and serving related occupations made up 16.7 percent of employment in
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC, compared with 8.1 percent of U.S.
employment. Metropolitan areas with the highest shares of food preparation and serving
related occupations also included Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC, and
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI (both 15.5 percent).
Metropolitan area data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations
--There were over 9.3 million STEM jobs representing 6.7 percent of total U.S.
employment.
--Six of the 10 largest STEM occupations were related to computers and included software
developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers (1.5 million) and
computer user support specialists (634,820). (See table 1.)
--Areas with the highest employment shares of STEM occupations were California-Lexington
Park, MD (26.0 percent), and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (22.2 percent).
--Industries with the highest shares of STEM occupations included computer systems design
and related services (63.9 percent); architectural, engineering, and related services
(63.2 percent); and software publishers (59.1 percent).
--STEM occupations had an annual mean wage of $98,340, compared with $53,220 for non-STEM
occupations. Eighty-eight of the 98 STEM occupations had mean wages significantly above
the all-occupations average of $56,310. (See table 1.)
--The highest paying STEM occupations were the three STEM-related management
occupations--computer and information systems managers ($161,730), architectural and
engineering managers ($158,100), and natural sciences managers ($154,930)--and petroleum
engineers ($154,330). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying STEM occupations were forest and conservation technicians ($42,780)
and agricultural and food science technicians ($45,920). (See table 1.)
Occupations included in the STEM definition used for this news release are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/stem_list_2020.xlsx. Additional STEM charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2020.htm.
Largest occupations
--The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (3.7 million), fast food
and counter workers (3.5 million), cashiers (3.3 million), and home health and
personal care aides (3.2 million). (See table 1.)
--Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages, including retail
salespersons ($30,940) and fast food and counter workers ($24,540). (See table 1.)
--Of the 10 largest occupations, registered nurses ($80,010) and general and operations
managers ($125,740) were the only occupations with above-average wages. (See table 1.)
Public sector occupations
--The public sector made up 15 percent of employment and had a different occupational
mix from the private sector.
--Many of the largest public sector occupations were related to education. These
occupations included elementary school teachers, except special education (public
sector employment of 1.2 million); teaching assistants, except postsecondary (1.0
million); secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education
(856,990); and middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education
(531,970).
--Outside of the educational instruction and library group, the occupations with the
highest public sector employment included police and sheriff's patrol officers
(648,040); registered nurses (508,420); and secretaries and administrative
assistants, except legal, medical, and executive (483,020).
Typical entry-level education
--Occupations typically requiring no formal educational credential for entry made up
23 percent of employment. The largest occupations in this category were retail
salespersons (3.7 million) and fast food and counter workers (3.5 million). These
were also the two largest occupations overall.
--Home health and personal care aides (3.2 million) was the largest occupation
typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent for entry, followed by
customer service representatives and general office clerks (each 2.8 million).
Occupations in this educational category made up about 38 percent of total employment.
--Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry made up 39 percent
of employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations typically requiring a
bachelor's degree for entry, made up nearly 24 percent of employment. This
educational category includes registered nurses; teachers at the kindergarten through
secondary levels; and many management, business and financial operations, computer,
and engineering occupations.
--Average wages were generally higher for occupations requiring more education. Annual
mean wages were $30,590 for occupations typically requiring no formal educational
credential for entry, $45,630 for occupations typically requiring a high school
diploma or the equivalent, $60,430 for occupations typically requiring an associate's
degree, and $91,140 for occupations typically requiring a bachelor's degree.
--The highest paying occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or equivalent
for entry were commercial pilots ($110,830); transportation, storage, and distribution
managers ($105,100); and nuclear power reactor operators ($104,470).
The typical education level required to enter an occupation is based on education and
training categories from the BLS Employment Projections program. More information about the
system of education and training categories is available at
www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/education/tech.htm. Typical entry-level educational
requirements assigned to each occupation in the May 2020 OEWS estimates are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/educ_list_2020.xlsx. Additional charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2020.htm.
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| |
| Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Name Change |
| |
| The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program has changed its name to |
| Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) to better reflect the range of |
| data available from the program. Data released on or after March 31, 2021, will |
| reflect the new program name. Webpages, publications, and other materials associated |
| with previous data releases will retain the Occupational Employment Statistics name. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on May 2020 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics |
| |
| Due to features of the OEWS methodology, the May 2020 OEWS estimates do not fully |
| reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The May 2020 OEWS estimates are based on |
| survey panels collected for May 2020, November 2019, May 2019, November 2018, May |
| 2018, and November 2017. Because 5 of the 6 survey panels used to produce the |
| estimates date from before the COVID-19 pandemic, only the most recent (May 2020) |
| survey panel reflects changes in occupational proportions related to the COVID-19 |
| pandemic. |
| |
| The May 2020 OEWS employment estimates are benchmarked to the average of May 2020 and |
| November 2019 employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). |
| Although the May 2020 QCEW data reflect the early employment effects of the COVID-19 |
| pandemic, the November 2019 QCEW employment data precede the pandemic, and therefore |
| do not reflect its impact. |
| |
| In addition, as a result of the pandemic, response rates for the November 2019 and |
| May 2020 panels were lower in some areas. Lower response rates may negatively affect |
| data availability and data quality. |
| |
| More information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on- |
| occupational-employment-and-wage-statistics.htm. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Implementing the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System |
| |
| With the May 2019 estimates, the OEWS program began implementing the 2018 Standard |
| Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Because the May 2019 and May 2020 estimates |
| are based on a combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey |
| data collected using the 2018 SOC, these estimates use a hybrid of the two |
| classification systems that contains some combinations of occupations that are not |
| found in either the 2010 or 2018 SOC. This is the second and final year that the |
| hybrid occupational structure will be used. The May 2021 estimates, to be published |
| in Spring 2022, will be the first OEWS estimates based entirely on survey data |
| collected using the 2018 SOC. |
| |
| For more information on the occupational classification system used in the May 2019 |
| and May 2020 estimates, please see |
| www.bls.gov/oes/soc_2018.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Upcoming Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Methodology |
| |
| With the May 2021 estimates, to be released in Spring 2022, the OEWS program plans to |
| begin using a new estimation methodology. The new model-based methodology, called |
| MB3, has advantages over the existing methodology, as described in the Monthly Labor |
| Review article at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model-based-estimates-for-the- |
| occupational-employment-statistics-program.htm. OEWS estimates for the years 2015- |
| 2018 were recalculated using the new estimation methodology and are available as |
| research estimates at www.bls.gov/oes/oes-mb3-methods.htm. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey
measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include cross-
industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580 areas,
including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the
NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels;
and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals.
The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies
(SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while
the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels
of approximately 180,000 to 185,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel
in May and the other in November. Responses are obtained by mail, Internet or other
electronic means, email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2020 estimates are based
on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2020,
November 2019, May 2019, November 2018, May 2018, and November 2017. The unweighted
sampled employment of 83 million across all six semiannual panels represents
approximately 56 percent of total national employment. The overall national response
rate for the six panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 69
percent based on establishments and 66 percent based on weighted sampled employment.
The occupational coding system
The May 2020 OEWS estimates contain nearly 800 occupational categories based on the
Office of Management and Budget's Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system.
Together, these occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major
group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is not included.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The May 2020 OEWS estimates use a hybrid of the 2010 and 2018 SOC systems. For more
information on the hybrid classification system, please see the "Changes and special
procedures in the May 2020 estimates" section of this technical note.
The industry coding system
The May 2020 OEWS estimates use the 2017 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OEWS survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception of
logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and support
activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814) also are
excluded. OEWS federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal
executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local government, are
covered by the survey.
Survey sample
The OEWS survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files. Supplemental
sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report
to the UI program. The OEWS survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
area, industry, and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be
selected than smaller employers. A census is taken of the executive branch of the federal
government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation. The OEWS survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or
other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned
to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station,
regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The survey does not include the
self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid
family workers.
Wages for the OEWS survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate;
cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including
commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded are overtime pay,
severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary
benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
OEWS receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and most
state governments. For the remaining establishments, the OEWS survey data are placed into
12 intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual
rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage
rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishments are instructed
to report the hourly rate for part-time workers, and to report annual rates for occupations
that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as
teachers, pilots, and flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers,
are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these
workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
Estimation methodology
The OEWS survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data collected
over a 3-year period. Each OEWS panel contains approximately 180,000 to 185,000 establishments.
The full six-panel sample of 1.1 million establishments allows the production of estimates
at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining six panels
of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel
need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the
current panel's reference period.
The OEWS program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior
panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage updating procedure
adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according
to the average movement of its broader occupational division.
Imputation. Some establishments do not respond for a given panel. For most employers, a
"nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute missing occupational
employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to impute missing wage distributions.
In some cases, data for nonrespondents are available from earlier panels. In those cases,
the older data may be used and aged to represent the current reference period.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to represent all
establishments for the reference period. Weights are further adjusted by the ratio of
employment totals (the average of November 2019 and May 2020 employment) from the BLS
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) to employment totals from the OEWS survey.
Changes and special procedures in the May 2020 estimates
Due to features of the OEWS methodology, the May 2020 estimates do not fully reflect the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because 5 of the 6 survey panels used to produce
the estimates date from before the COVID-19 pandemic, only the most recent (May 2020)
survey panel will reflect changes in occupational proportions related to the pandemic.
In addition, because the OEWS employment estimates are benchmarked to the average of QCEW
employment for November 2019 and May 2020, the estimates will reflect only part of the
pandemic's impact on employment as of May 2020. Although the May 2020 QCEW data reflect
the early employment effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the November 2019 QCEW employment
data precede the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore do not reflect its impact.
As a result of the pandemic, response rates for the November 2019 and May 2020 panels
were lower in some areas. Lower response rates may negatively affect data availability
and data quality.
For more information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on OEWS, see
www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-occupational-employment-and-wage-statistics.htm.
With the May 2019 estimates, the OEWS program began implementing the 2018 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Because the May 2020 estimates are based on a
combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey data collected using
the 2018 SOC, these estimates use a hybrid of the two classification systems that contains
some combinations of occupations that are not found in either the 2010 or 2018 SOC. These
combinations may include occupations from more than one 2018 SOC minor group or broad
occupation. Therefore, OEWS will not publish data for some 2018 SOC minor groups and broad
occupations in the May 2020 estimates. The May 2021 estimates, to be published in Spring
2022, will be the first OEWS estimates based entirely on survey data collected using the
2018 SOC.
In addition, the OEWS program has replaced some 2018 SOC detailed occupations with SOC
broad occupations or OEWS-specific aggregations. These include home health aides and
personal care aides, for which OEWS will publish only the 2018 SOC broad occupation 31-1120
Home Health and Personal Care Aides.
More information on the occupational classification system used in the May 2020 OEWS
estimates is available at www.bls.gov/oes/soc_2018.htm and in the OEWS frequently asked
questions at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10.
The May 2020 OEWS estimates use the metropolitan area definitions delineated in Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 17-01. For more information, please see
www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2020
Median
Occupation Employment Mean wages hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
All occupations 139,099,570 $27.07 $56,310 $20.17
Management occupations 7,947,300 60.81 126,480 52.77
Top executives..................................................................... 2,601,070 62.46 129,920 51.05
Chief executives.................................................................. 202,360 95.12 197,840 89.40
General and operations managers................................................... 2,347,420 60.45 125,740 49.83
Legislators....................................................................... 51,290 (²) 53,560 (²)
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 763,970 71.51 148,740 64.48
Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 22,490 70.94 147,560 64.16
Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 660,380 72.31 150,400 65.55
Marketing managers............................................................... 270,200 74.27 154,470 68.35
Sales managers................................................................... 390,170 70.95 147,580 63.60
Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 81,110 65.18 135,580 56.94
Operations specialties managers.................................................... 2,012,370 66.63 138,590 60.12
Administrative services and facilities managers................................... 307,620 51.98 108,120 47.54
Computer and information systems managers......................................... 457,290 77.76 161,730 72.67
Financial managers................................................................ 653,080 72.84 151,510 64.51
Industrial production managers.................................................... 179,570 56.82 118,190 52.30
Purchasing managers............................................................... 70,960 63.78 132,660 60.55
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 132,210 50.53 105,100 46.34
Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 16,340 65.94 137,160 60.16
Human resources managers.......................................................... 156,600 64.70 134,580 58.28
Training and development managers................................................. 38,710 60.54 125,920 55.60
Other management occupations....................................................... 2,569,880 51.40 106,910 45.76
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 5,670 36.93 76,810 32.73
Construction managers............................................................. 285,640 51.57 107,260 46.72
Education and childcare administrators............................................ 493,350 48.64 101,160 44.94
Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare.................... 46,410 26.41 54,940 23.63
Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary......................... 262,480 (²) 103,010 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 140,880 55.38 115,200 46.87
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 43,580 45.11 93,830 42.11
Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 195,900 76.01 158,100 71.89
Food service managers............................................................. 197,010 29.33 61,000 27.21
Gambling managers................................................................. 3,240 41.08 85,440 36.28
Lodging managers.................................................................. 31,790 31.38 65,270 27.25
Medical and health services managers.............................................. 402,540 57.12 118,800 50.13
Natural sciences managers......................................................... 75,870 74.49 154,930 66.32
Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 13,880 38.30 79,660 37.53
Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 219,800 35.20 73,210 28.68
Social and community service managers............................................. 155,800 36.13 75,140 33.46
Emergency management directors.................................................... 10,210 40.53 84,310 36.66
Funeral home managers............................................................. 10,010 44.01 91,530 35.67
Personal service managers, all other; entertainment and recreation managers,
except gambling; and managers, all other......................................... 469,160 59.61 123,980 55.94
Business and financial operations occupations 8,387,490 38.79 80,680 34.73
Business operations specialists.................................................... 5,632,020 37.66 78,320 34.35
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 16,240 47.15 98,070 36.26
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 419,920 34.80 72,370 32.06
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 300,380 33.92 70,560 32.76
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 287,150 33.97 70,650 32.82
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 13,220 32.95 68,540 31.52
Compliance officers............................................................... 327,360 36.35 75,620 34.18
Cost estimators................................................................... 199,360 35.08 72,960 32.03
Human resources workers........................................................... 718,120 33.63 69,950 30.81
Human resources specialists...................................................... 647,810 33.38 69,430 30.52
Farm labor contractors........................................................... (4) 24.18 50,300 22.97
Labor relations specialists...................................................... 70,050 36.00 74,870 35.21
Logisticians...................................................................... 184,230 38.38 79,830 36.67
Management analysts............................................................... 734,000 46.91 97,580 42.14
Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 109,800 26.87 55,890 24.79
Fundraisers....................................................................... 82,140 31.03 64,550 28.66
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 87,870 34.91 72,610 32.30
Training and development specialists.............................................. 318,040 32.43 67,440 30.14
Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 690,160 35.56 73,970 31.64
Project management specialists and business operations specialists, all other..... 1,444,420 40.53 84,290 37.22
Financial specialists.............................................................. 2,755,470 41.11 85,510 35.50
Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,274,620 39.26 81,660 35.37
Property appraisers and assessors................................................. 55,990 31.55 65,630 28.20
Budget analysts................................................................... 49,260 39.75 82,690 37.97
Credit analysts................................................................... 72,090 41.43 86,170 36.05
Personal financial advisors....................................................... 218,050 58.89 122,490 42.95
Insurance underwriters............................................................ 101,790 38.65 80,390 34.51
Financial examiners............................................................... 68,210 44.58 92,730 39.15
Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 339,470 35.81 74,490 29.63
Credit counselors................................................................ 30,770 24.01 49,940 22.20
Loan officers.................................................................... 308,700 36.99 76,930 30.75
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 115,750 27.40 57,000 24.32
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 53,150 29.83 62,040 26.75
Tax preparers.................................................................... 62,600 25.34 52,710 21.30
Financial and investment analysts, financial risk specialists, and financial
specialists, all other........................................................... 460,250 46.46 96,630 40.22
Computer and mathematical occupations 4,587,700 46.53 96,770 43.92
Computer occupations............................................................... 4,368,000 46.46 96,630 43.87
Computer and information analysts................................................. 712,460 48.40 100,680 45.91
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 574,450 47.61 99,020 45.06
Information security analysts.................................................... 138,000 51.72 107,580 49.80
Computer and information research scientists...................................... 30,220 62.93 130,890 60.97
Computer support specialists...................................................... 819,040 28.92 60,160 26.69
Computer network support specialists............................................. 184,220 34.16 71,040 31.47
Computer user support specialists................................................ 634,820 27.40 57,000 25.33
Database and network administrators and architects................................ 632,540 47.80 99,420 45.37
Computer network architects...................................................... 159,350 57.32 119,230 56.14
Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 339,560 43.01 89,460 40.77
Database administrators and architects........................................... 133,630 48.60 101,090 47.53
Software and web developers, programmers, and testers............................. 1,811,160 52.86 109,950 50.63
Computer programmers............................................................. 178,140 45.98 95,640 42.88
Software developers and software quality assurance analysts and testers.......... 1,476,800 54.94 114,270 52.95
Web developers and digital interface designers................................... 156,220 41.10 85,490 37.12
Computer occupations, all other................................................... 362,580 46.51 96,740 44.65
Mathematical science occupations................................................... 219,700 47.93 99,700 44.79
Actuaries......................................................................... 22,480 59.22 123,180 53.38
Mathematicians.................................................................... 2,460 54.10 112,530 53.30
Operations research analysts...................................................... 96,220 44.37 92,280 41.44
Statisticians..................................................................... 38,860 46.72 97,170 44.36
Data scientists and mathematical science occupations, all other................... 59,680 49.97 103,930 47.23
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,515,040 43.41 90,300 39.98
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 180,930 39.44 82,030 36.63
Architects, except naval.......................................................... 124,630 41.89 87,130 38.63
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 103,900 43.01 89,470 39.58
Landscape architects............................................................. 20,730 36.27 75,440 33.96
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 56,310 34.01 70,740 31.85
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 12,600 34.82 72,420 32.88
Surveyors........................................................................ 43,710 33.78 70,260 31.54
Engineers.......................................................................... 1,673,440 49.28 102,500 46.30
Aerospace engineers............................................................... 60,630 58.23 121,110 57.02
Agricultural engineers............................................................ 1,440 48.86 101,620 40.58
Bioengineers and biomedical engineers............................................. 18,660 47.28 98,340 44.53
Chemical engineers................................................................ 25,770 55.20 114,820 52.18
Civil engineers................................................................... 300,850 45.88 95,440 42.58
Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 64,710 60.65 126,140 57.48
Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 307,540 52.17 108,510 49.71
Electrical engineers............................................................. 185,220 50.96 105,990 48.48
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 122,320 54.00 112,320 51.70
Environmental engineers........................................................... 50,260 46.58 96,890 44.29
Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 313,980 45.14 93,890 42.93
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 23,780 46.80 97,330 45.31
Industrial engineers............................................................. 290,190 45.01 93,610 42.76
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 8,700 47.88 99,590 45.89
Materials engineers............................................................... 24,740 48.34 100,550 45.98
Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 293,960 45.94 95,560 43.35
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 6,270 48.15 100,140 45.10
Nuclear engineers................................................................. 15,700 60.16 125,130 55.84
Petroleum engineers............................................................... 27,850 74.20 154,330 66.02
Engineers, all other.............................................................. 152,380 51.47 107,060 49.70
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 660,660 29.64 61,660 28.32
Drafters.......................................................................... 187,670 29.03 60,390 27.87
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 99,180 28.42 59,120 27.64
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 23,020 31.59 65,720 29.85
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 51,620 29.56 61,490 28.01
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 13,850 27.18 56,530 26.20
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters........................ 419,620 30.64 63,740 29.33
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians............... 11,900 33.98 70,680 32.97
Civil engineering technologists and technicians.................................. 67,270 27.21 56,590 26.00
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians.............. 115,270 32.84 68,310 32.48
Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians................ 13,160 30.19 62,800 28.75
Environmental engineering technologists and technicians.......................... 17,070 27.20 56,570 24.82
Industrial engineering technologists and technicians............................. 62,980 28.81 59,920 27.56
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians............................. 39,880 29.27 60,880 28.00
Calibration technologists and technicians and engineering technologists and
technicians, except drafters, all other......................................... 92,100 32.52 67,640 30.86
Surveying and mapping technicians................................................. 53,370 23.93 49,770 22.21
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,296,060 38.15 79,360 33.54
Life scientists.................................................................... 311,840 44.09 91,710 39.01
Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 29,710 36.69 76,320 33.09
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,680 35.84 74,540 30.52
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 13,080 38.55 80,190 35.31
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 13,950 35.12 73,040 31.79
Biological scientists............................................................. 110,600 44.01 91,550 40.01
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 32,010 50.39 104,810 45.32
Microbiologists.................................................................. 19,710 44.15 91,840 40.58
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 17,200 33.90 70,510 31.90
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 41,680 43.22 89,910 41.00
Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 31,380 32.75 68,120 30.78
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 22,020 33.18 69,020 30.78
Foresters........................................................................ 9,360 31.73 66,000 30.76
Medical scientists................................................................ 133,620 48.45 100,780 43.28
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 7,500 40.20 83,620 35.84
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 126,110 48.94 101,800 43.99
Life scientists, all other........................................................ 6,540 44.31 92,170 39.42
Physical scientists................................................................ 255,860 44.98 93,560 40.03
Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 18,080 65.62 136,480 62.00
Astronomers...................................................................... 1,910 60.70 126,250 57.56
Physicists....................................................................... 16,160 66.20 137,700 62.43
Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 10,210 48.34 100,550 47.95
Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 89,860 42.21 87,800 38.79
Chemists......................................................................... 82,940 41.54 86,410 38.13
Materials scientists............................................................. 6,930 50.21 104,450 47.82
Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 118,660 42.37 88,140 37.27
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 84,610 38.50 80,090 35.21
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 27,890 53.90 112,110 44.99
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,170 43.34 90,150 40.41
Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 19,050 52.93 110,100 51.55
Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 247,580 43.34 90,150 39.56
Economists........................................................................ 17,520 58.11 120,880 52.09
Survey researchers................................................................ 10,350 32.19 66,960 28.79
Psychologists..................................................................... 127,070 43.61 90,710 39.51
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists................................... 111,320 42.93 89,290 38.37
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 780 54.18 112,690 46.28
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 14,960 48.14 100,130 50.86
Sociologists...................................................................... 2,470 44.91 93,420 41.40
Urban and regional planners....................................................... 38,190 38.18 79,410 36.52
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 51,980 43.63 90,750 41.29
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 7,180 33.64 69,960 31.79
Geographers...................................................................... 1,450 41.16 85,620 41.07
Historians....................................................................... 2,770 32.88 68,400 30.33
Political scientists............................................................. 6,010 59.66 124,100 60.27
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 34,570 43.88 91,280 41.95
Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 363,880 25.49 53,010 23.29
Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 21,940 22.08 45,920 20.18
Biological technicians............................................................ 80,640 23.79 49,490 22.28
Chemical technicians.............................................................. 63,490 25.82 53,700 23.95
Environmental science and geoscience technicians.................................. 47,440 26.11 54,300 22.95
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 31,860 24.50 50,960 22.53
Geological and hydrologic technicians............................................ 15,580 29.39 61,130 24.34
Nuclear technicians............................................................... 6,160 40.29 83,810 40.48
Social science research assistants................................................ 35,330 25.75 53,560 23.66
Forest and conservation technicians............................................... 30,150 20.57 42,780 18.72
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 78,720 28.14 58,530 25.95
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 16,640 31.20 64,890 29.13
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 62,080 27.32 56,830 25.22
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians......................... 116,910 35.81 74,480 34.87
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 116,910 35.81 74,480 34.87
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 95,960 37.55 78,110 36.70
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 20,950 27.82 57,870 25.65
Community and social service occupations 2,231,070 25.09 52,180 22.85
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 2,150,050 25.06 52,120 22.83
Counselors........................................................................ 774,270 26.34 54,780 24.17
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors........................ 292,230 29.96 62,320 27.94
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 60,850 27.35 56,890 24.69
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 100,260 20.23 42,080 18.05
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors............... 293,620 24.78 51,550 22.91
Counselors, all other............................................................ 27,310 24.42 50,800 22.00
Social workers.................................................................... 681,400 26.90 55,950 24.88
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 328,120 25.18 52,370 23.28
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 176,110 29.07 60,470 27.71
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 116,780 26.22 54,540 23.42
Social workers, all other........................................................ 60,390 31.22 64,940 30.87
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 694,380 21.82 45,390 19.39
Health education specialists..................................................... 57,920 29.86 62,120 27.16
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 90,070 29.76 61,900 26.77
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 399,920 18.38 38,230 17.29
Community health workers......................................................... 58,670 22.12 46,000 20.19
Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 87,800 23.85 49,600 22.48
Religious workers.................................................................. 81,020 25.86 53,790 23.28
Clergy............................................................................ 52,260 27.19 56,560 24.97
Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 19,860 25.32 52,660 21.69
Religious workers, all other...................................................... 8,900 19.26 40,070 16.12
Legal occupations 1,154,740 54.00 112,320 40.82
Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 721,750 69.70 144,970 59.79
Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 672,820 70.70 147,050 60.12
Lawyers.......................................................................... 658,120 71.59 148,910 61.03
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 14,690 30.70 63,860 27.65
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 48,930 55.96 116,390 55.36
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 14,570 49.06 102,050 46.89
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 5,810 36.75 76,440 31.79
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 28,550 63.39 131,850 67.83
Legal support workers.............................................................. 432,990 27.83 57,890 25.46
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 332,720 27.22 56,610 25.44
Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 100,270 29.88 62,150 25.53
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 54,960 25.45 52,950 23.47
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 45,310 35.25 73,320 28.62
Educational instruction and library occupations 8,446,910 28.75 59,810 25.18
Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,369,930 (²) 93,330 (²)
Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 79,810 (²) 107,270 (²)
Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary................................. 81,780 (²) 91,450 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 32,230 (²) 98,680 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 49,550 (²) 86,760 (²)
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 45,430 (²) 112,110 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 6,910 (²) 100,820 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 38,520 (²) 114,130 (²)
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 61,480 (²) 100,400 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 8,520 (²) 96,200 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 51,500 (²) 101,320 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 1,460 (²) 92,420 (²)
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 52,810 (²) 98,580 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 11,750 (²) 104,710 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 21,530 (²) 94,630 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 5,860 (²) 94,520 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 13,670 (²) 101,290 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 115,040 (²) 94,270 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,590 (²) 98,740 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 9,960 (²) 88,790 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,080 (²) 123,720 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 3,720 (²) 87,160 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 15,130 (²) 100,970 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 36,520 (²) 89,960 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,420 (²) 85,180 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 17,620 (²) 85,670 (²)
Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 261,130 (²) 115,330 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 200,040 (²) 124,890 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 61,100 (²) 84,060 (²)
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 61,790 (²) 75,180 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 57,560 (²) 75,010 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,230 (²) 77,560 (²)
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 42,540 (²) 96,870 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 14,030 (²) 74,740 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 14,930 (²) 134,760 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 13,580 (²) 78,110 (²)
Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary............. 250,550 (²) 83,620 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 91,170 (²) 84,780 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 28,430 (²) 80,940 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 64,800 (²) 81,340 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 22,790 (²) 80,410 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 20,450 (²) 85,630 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 22,900 (²) 90,160 (²)
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 317,580 (²) 77,650 (²)
Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary............................. 2,270 (²) 81,580 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 14,730 (²) 75,430 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary............................... 105,830 29.67 61,710 26.74
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 194,740 (²) 86,430 (²)
Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers........... 3,998,620 (²) 63,100 (²)
Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 491,020 20.47 42,570 17.70
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 370,940 17.57 36,550 15.35
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 120,080 (²) 61,170 (²)
Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 1,976,050 (²) 65,300 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,364,870 (²) 65,420 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 599,520 (²) 64,990 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 11,670 (²) 66,950 (²)
Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,064,540 (²) 67,240 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 991,000 (²) 67,340 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 73,530 (²) 65,870 (²)
Special education teachers........................................................ 467,020 (²) 65,920 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 20,300 (²) 68,110 (²)
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 191,170 (²) 64,790 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 80,110 (²) 66,300 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 142,500 (²) 66,490 (²)
Special education teachers, all other............................................ 32,950 (²) 67,670 (²)
Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 1,086,850 20.92 43,520 16.33
Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and English as a second
language instructors............................................................. 42,910 28.75 59,810 26.61
Self-enrichment teachers.......................................................... 222,700 23.05 47,930 19.21
Substitute teachers, short-term................................................... 512,030 17.35 36,090 14.12
Tutors and teachers and instructors, all other.................................... 309,220 (²) 50,390 (²)
Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 254,360 26.15 54,400 24.45
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 30,230 27.38 56,960 25.07
Archivists....................................................................... 6,550 29.43 61,210 27.29
Curators......................................................................... 11,750 29.64 61,650 27.40
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 11,930 24.04 49,990 21.98
Librarians and media collections specialists...................................... 135,070 30.56 63,560 29.24
Library technicians............................................................... 89,070 19.05 39,630 17.79
Other educational instruction and library occupations.............................. 1,737,130 (²) 36,790 (²)
Farm and home management educators................................................ 8,090 26.38 54,870 24.78
Instructional coordinators........................................................ 174,900 33.73 70,160 32.20
Teaching assistants............................................................... 1,411,590 (²) 31,500 (²)
Teaching assistants, postsecondary............................................... 138,740 (²) 39,460 (²)
Teaching assistants, except postsecondary........................................ 1,272,840 (²) 30,630 (²)
Educational instruction and library workers, all other............................ 142,550 22.70 47,210 19.98
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,857,500 30.96 64,400 25.55
Art and design workers............................................................. 594,670 28.44 59,150 23.85
Artists and related workers....................................................... 89,800 44.97 93,530 38.64
Art directors.................................................................... 40,950 55.04 114,490 46.77
Craft artists.................................................................... 4,090 18.39 38,260 16.92
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 11,070 31.26 65,020 25.16
Special effects artists and animators............................................ 26,460 42.35 88,080 37.36
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,220 33.48 69,650 31.63
Designers......................................................................... 504,880 25.50 53,030 22.11
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 30,100 36.68 76,290 34.44
Fashion designers................................................................ 21,050 41.93 87,210 36.45
Floral designers................................................................. 36,810 14.74 30,670 14.01
Graphic designers................................................................ 201,440 28.06 58,370 25.66
Interior designers............................................................... 59,170 29.52 61,400 27.43
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 134,660 16.61 34,550 14.81
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 10,980 31.06 64,610 27.97
Designers, all other............................................................. 10,680 34.30 71,340 30.65
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 465,780 31.59 65,700 22.63
Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 163,950 42.40 88,190 31.62
Actors........................................................................... 44,460 31.42 (²) 21.88
Producers and directors.......................................................... 119,490 46.49 96,690 36.73
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 233,160 (²) 48,310 (²)
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 8,380 (²) 94,740 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 208,180 (²) 47,100 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 16,590 (²) 40,140 (²)
Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 10,950 25.05 52,110 19.11
Dancers.......................................................................... 7,370 25.08 (²) 18.58
Choreographers................................................................... 3,580 25.00 52,000 21.00
Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 43,970 39.61 (²) 29.56
Music directors and composers.................................................... 9,200 31.60 65,720 25.12
Musicians and singers............................................................ 34,770 41.72 (²) 31.40
Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............. 13,760 23.99 (²) 15.70
Media and communication workers.................................................... 591,650 33.74 70,180 29.48
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys....................................... 27,290 27.55 57,300 17.68
News analysts, reporters, and journalists......................................... 41,580 31.73 66,000 23.70
Public relations specialists...................................................... 244,550 34.58 71,940 30.20
Writers and editors............................................................... 186,490 36.67 76,270 32.56
Editors.......................................................................... 93,370 35.53 73,910 30.48
Technical writers................................................................ 48,880 37.78 78,590 35.89
Writers and authors.............................................................. 44,240 37.82 78,680 32.27
Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 91,740 28.29 58,840 25.64
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 56,920 27.95 58,140 25.16
Court reporters and simultaneous captioners...................................... 13,880 32.07 66,710 29.64
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 20,940 26.70 55,540 23.91
Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 205,400 28.84 59,990 24.46
Audio and video technicians....................................................... 62,360 25.67 53,390 23.04
Broadcast technicians............................................................. 25,960 23.68 49,250 20.95
Sound engineering technicians..................................................... 10,870 32.31 67,210 25.73
Photographers..................................................................... 41,600 24.18 50,290 19.85
Television, video, and film camera operators and editors.......................... 42,750 36.60 76,130 29.76
Camera operators, television, video, and film.................................... 20,340 32.50 67,590 27.50
Film and video editors........................................................... 22,410 40.33 83,880 32.33
Lighting technicians and media and communication equipment workers, all other..... 21,860 36.00 74,880 34.12
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 8,579,180 41.30 85,900 33.59
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners.................................... 5,611,620 50.58 105,220 40.59
Chiropractors..................................................................... 34,760 40.30 83,830 34.00
Dentists.......................................................................... 111,210 89.57 186,300 78.85
Dentists, general................................................................ 95,920 86.94 180,830 76.41
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 4,120 112.98 234,990 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,040 114.42 237,990 (³)
Prosthodontists.................................................................. 530 103.30 214,870 (³)
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 5,610 93.72 194,930 88.12
Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 66,330 30.84 64,150 30.33
Optometrists...................................................................... 36,690 60.31 125,440 56.76
Pharmacists....................................................................... 315,470 60.32 125,460 61.88
Physician assistants.............................................................. 125,280 55.81 116,080 55.48
Podiatrists....................................................................... 9,710 72.65 151,110 64.57
Therapists........................................................................ 684,330 39.44 82,030 38.45
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 126,610 42.06 87,480 41.48
Physical therapists.............................................................. 220,870 44.08 91,680 43.75
Radiation therapists............................................................. 17,390 45.34 94,300 41.76
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 20,080 24.64 51,260 22.94
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 131,890 31.56 65,640 30.20
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 148,450 40.02 83,240 38.69
Exercise physiologists........................................................... 7,330 25.97 54,020 24.17
Therapists, all other............................................................ 11,710 29.85 62,090 27.55
Veterinarians..................................................................... 73,710 52.09 108,350 47.72
Registered nurses................................................................. 2,986,500 38.47 80,010 36.22
Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 41,960 90.96 189,190 88.26
Nurse midwives.................................................................... 7,120 55.55 115,540 53.43
Nurse practitioners............................................................... 211,280 55.05 114,510 53.69
Audiologists...................................................................... 13,300 42.90 89,230 38.95
Anesthesiologists................................................................. 28,590 130.50 271,440 (³)
Family medicine physicians........................................................ 98,590 103.06 214,370 99.70
General internal medicine physicians.............................................. 50,600 101.42 210,960 (³)
Obstetricians and gynecologists................................................... 18,900 114.96 239,120 (³)
Pediatricians, general............................................................ 27,550 88.74 184,570 85.16
Psychiatrists..................................................................... 25,540 104.38 217,100 (³)
Physicians, all other; and ophthalmologists, except pediatric..................... 375,390 105.22 218,850 (³)
Surgeons, except ophthalmologists................................................. 37,900 120.99 251,650 (³)
Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners..................... 230,900 38.97 81,060 37.25
Dental hygienists................................................................ 194,830 37.53 78,050 37.06
Acupuncturists and healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other.... 36,070 46.77 97,270 39.63
Health technologists and technicians............................................... 2,861,180 23.55 48,990 21.93
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 326,220 26.92 55,990 26.05
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians...................................... 55,980 29.30 60,940 28.41
Diagnostic medical sonographers................................................... 73,920 37.40 77,790 36.50
Nuclear medicine technologists.................................................... 17,510 39.46 82,080 38.27
Radiologic technologists and technicians.......................................... 206,720 31.17 64,840 29.76
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists.......................................... 39,270 36.52 75,960 35.91
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 257,700 19.41 40,370 17.62
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 803,920 18.74 38,970 17.63
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 26,430 15.83 32,920 14.48
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 415,310 17.52 36,450 16.87
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 85,330 18.31 38,080 16.84
Surgical technologists........................................................... 107,400 24.77 51,510 23.90
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 109,490 18.20 37,860 17.43
Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 59,960 19.24 40,010 18.24
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 676,440 24.08 50,090 23.47
Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 68,180 19.89 41,380 18.53
Orthotists and prosthetists....................................................... 9,550 35.63 74,120 33.75
Hearing aid specialists........................................................... 7,770 26.26 54,630 25.30
Medical dosimetrists, medical records specialists, and health technologists and
technicians, all other........................................................... 318,010 23.21 48,270 21.20
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 106,380 28.50 59,280 24.79
Athletic trainers................................................................. 27,430 (²) 52,230 (²)
Genetic counselors................................................................ 2,280 43.13 89,710 41.20
Health information technologists, medical registrars, surgical assistants, and
healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 76,670 29.28 60,900 24.92
Healthcare support occupations 6,440,880 15.50 32,250 14.40
Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and
psychiatric aides................................................................. 4,677,760 14.10 29,320 13.59
Home health and personal care aides............................................... 3,211,590 13.49 28,060 13.02
Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides.............................. 1,466,170 15.43 32,090 14.83
Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,371,050 15.41 32,050 14.83
Orderlies........................................................................ 43,570 15.28 31,780 14.44
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 51,550 16.01 33,300 15.18
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 186,900 25.19 52,400 26.08
Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 48,380 28.85 60,010 29.30
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 42,750 30.49 63,420 30.26
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 5,630 16.42 34,160 14.51
Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 138,520 23.92 49,750 24.02
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 92,740 28.58 59,440 28.74
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 45,790 14.47 30,110 13.68
Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,576,220 18.53 38,540 17.68
Massage therapists................................................................ 85,040 22.77 47,350 20.97
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,491,180 18.29 38,030 17.60
Dental assistants................................................................ 312,140 20.34 42,310 19.80
Medical assistants............................................................... 710,200 17.75 36,930 17.23
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 56,870 19.75 41,070 18.65
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 49,530 17.94 37,310 16.96
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 38,900 15.50 32,250 14.08
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 98,810 14.89 30,980 14.39
Phlebotomists.................................................................... 128,020 17.92 37,280 17.46
Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 96,720 19.92 41,430 19.00
Protective service occupations 3,351,180 25.11 52,220 21.02
Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 323,580 38.02 79,080 34.79
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 175,730 42.40 88,190 39.85
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 53,420 32.50 67,600 29.28
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 122,310 46.72 97,180 44.70
First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers..................... 69,000 39.99 83,170 37.92
Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers.................. 78,860 26.54 55,210 25.31
Firefighting and prevention workers................................................ 328,260 27.31 56,800 25.51
Firefighters...................................................................... 311,350 27.09 56,360 25.24
Fire inspectors................................................................... 16,920 31.26 65,010 29.87
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 14,010 32.54 67,680 31.06
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 2,900 25.06 52,130 20.26
Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,203,450 31.37 65,240 28.53
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 423,980 25.15 52,310 22.81
Bailiffs......................................................................... 18,120 24.87 51,730 23.08
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 405,870 25.16 52,340 22.79
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 105,980 42.93 89,300 41.80
Fish and game wardens............................................................. 7,230 27.79 57,810 27.90
Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 7,560 21.57 44,870 20.23
Police officers................................................................... 658,700 33.66 70,010 31.54
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 654,900 33.66 70,000 31.51
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 3,800 34.13 71,000 34.89
Other protective service workers................................................... 1,495,880 16.80 34,940 15.02
Animal control workers............................................................ 11,580 19.56 40,680 18.48
Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 32,200 28.89 60,100 25.64
Security guards and gambling surveillance officers................................ 1,062,740 16.54 34,410 14.94
Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators........................ 8,340 19.19 39,910 16.97
Security guards.................................................................. 1,054,400 16.52 34,360 14.93
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 389,350 16.41 34,140 14.78
Crossing guards and flaggers..................................................... 85,050 16.45 34,220 14.80
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 113,150 13.00 27,050 12.03
Transportation security screeners................................................ 46,850 21.60 44,920 21.30
School bus monitors and protective service workers, all other.................... 144,310 17.38 36,140 15.37
Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,262,850 13.30 27,650 12.26
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 993,030 19.24 40,010 17.26
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 993,030 19.24 40,010 17.26
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 101,490 28.24 58,740 25.66
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 891,540 18.21 37,880 16.62
Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 2,977,730 13.38 27,820 13.02
Cooks............................................................................. 2,184,130 13.55 28,180 13.10
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 544,420 11.68 24,300 11.72
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 387,300 14.40 29,940 13.78
Cooks, private household......................................................... 320 22.51 46,810 15.69
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,109,650 14.20 29,530 13.84
Cooks, short order............................................................... 123,350 12.99 27,030 12.77
Cooks, all other................................................................. 19,080 15.55 32,350 14.65
Food preparation workers.......................................................... 793,590 12.90 26,820 12.53
Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 6,135,730 12.47 25,930 11.57
Bartenders........................................................................ 486,720 13.90 28,910 12.00
Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 3,450,120 11.80 24,540 11.47
Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 1,944,240 13.20 27,470 11.42
Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 254,650 13.20 27,460 12.46
Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,156,370 12.38 25,740 12.03
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 374,940 12.64 26,300 12.03
Dishwashers....................................................................... 395,660 12.31 25,600 12.15
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 316,700 11.92 24,800 11.48
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 69,070 13.41 27,880 13.02
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,090,370 15.75 32,760 14.39
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 244,990 23.61 49,110 22.25
First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 244,990 23.61 49,110 22.25
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 141,260 21.87 45,500 20.21
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 103,730 25.98 54,040 24.52
Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 2,882,710 14.79 30,760 13.64
Building cleaning workers......................................................... 2,803,150 14.66 30,490 13.54
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 1,990,510 15.10 31,410 13.98
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 795,590 13.47 28,010 12.61
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 17,050 18.68 38,860 16.59
Pest control workers.............................................................. 79,560 19.40 40,350 18.18
Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 962,670 16.63 34,590 15.49
Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 962,670 16.63 34,590 15.49
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 872,370 16.25 33,800 15.26
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 23,950 18.81 39,130 17.61
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 52,040 21.18 44,040 19.88
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 14,310 19.36 40,270 16.45
Personal care and service occupations 2,696,340 15.68 32,610 13.52
Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 193,950 22.28 46,350 20.60
First-line supervisors of gambling services workers............................... 19,100 24.60 51,160 24.25
First-line supervisors of personal service and entertainment and recreation
workers, except gambling services................................................ 174,860 22.03 45,820 20.19
Animal care and service workers.................................................... 208,540 13.97 29,060 12.68
Animal trainers................................................................... 14,880 18.25 37,950 15.16
Animal caretakers................................................................. 193,660 13.65 28,380 12.54
Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 450,630 12.77 26,560 12.01
Gambling services workers......................................................... 83,400 12.95 26,940 11.92
Gambling dealers................................................................. 67,330 12.55 26,110 11.41
Gambling and sports book writers and runners..................................... 7,500 13.05 27,130 12.13
Gambling service workers, all other.............................................. 8,570 16.03 33,340 14.12
Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 2,270 16.53 34,380 13.22
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 95,600 12.69 26,390 12.07
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 269,370 12.71 26,430 12.02
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 248,190 12.31 25,610 11.90
Costume attendants............................................................... 5,750 24.89 51,780 20.63
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 11,530 14.10 29,320 12.84
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 3,900 15.66 32,580 13.09
Embalmers.......................................................................... 3,860 24.14 50,220 22.90
Funeral attendants................................................................. 32,300 14.97 31,130 14.01
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers..................................... 24,560 28.36 59,000 26.01
Personal appearance workers........................................................ 448,020 16.08 33,460 13.61
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 317,290 15.86 32,990 13.28
Barbers.......................................................................... 14,880 18.29 38,050 15.61
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 302,410 15.74 32,740 13.16
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 130,730 16.63 34,580 14.21
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 2,780 48.07 99,990 51.40
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 73,010 13.95 29,010 13.40
Shampooers....................................................................... 8,310 11.69 24,320 11.63
Skincare specialists............................................................. 46,640 19.82 41,230 17.55
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 65,240 15.67 32,580 14.48
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 65,240 15.67 32,580 14.48
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 28,440 13.97 29,060 13.00
Concierges....................................................................... 36,800 16.97 35,310 15.57
Tour and travel guides............................................................. 38,030 15.48 32,200 14.16
Tour and travel guides............................................................ 38,030 15.48 32,200 14.16
Childcare workers.................................................................. 494,360 12.88 26,790 12.24
Recreation and fitness workers..................................................... 573,720 17.94 37,310 15.03
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors................................... 248,070 21.95 45,650 19.48
Recreation workers................................................................ 325,640 14.88 30,960 13.67
Residential advisors............................................................... 102,450 16.07 33,430 14.99
Crematory operators and personal care and service workers, all other............... 60,650 14.58 30,330 13.66
Sales and related occupations 13,120,320 22.00 45,750 15.15
Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,303,400 26.54 55,200 22.15
First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,303,400 26.54 55,200 22.15
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,063,110 22.74 47,300 19.99
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 240,290 43.33 90,120 37.77
Retail sales workers............................................................... 7,628,920 13.95 29,010 12.63
Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,347,090 12.37 25,730 12.03
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,333,100 12.36 25,710 12.03
Gambling change persons and booth cashiers....................................... 14,000 13.99 29,110 13.02
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 622,160 17.01 35,380 15.13
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 368,300 16.68 34,700 14.84
Parts salespersons............................................................... 253,870 17.48 36,350 15.61
Retail salespersons............................................................... 3,659,670 14.87 30,940 13.02
Sales representatives, services.................................................... 1,992,540 36.14 75,170 27.77
Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 110,040 32.71 68,040 26.41
Insurance sales agents............................................................ 409,950 33.22 69,100 25.08
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 440,300 46.41 96,540 31.14
Travel agents..................................................................... 55,180 22.43 46,650 20.36
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial
services and travel.............................................................. 977,070 33.89 70,490 28.25
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,566,820 37.65 78,310 31.45
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,566,820 37.65 78,310 31.45
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products........................................................................ 288,150 47.92 99,680 41.66
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and
scientific products............................................................. 1,278,670 35.34 73,500 29.84
Other sales and related workers.................................................... 628,640 26.39 54,890 18.06
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 72,340 18.09 37,630 15.62
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 69,990 17.83 37,080 15.62
Models........................................................................... 2,350 25.99 54,050 15.34
Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 213,350 32.16 66,890 24.63
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 44,610 39.25 81,630 29.02
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 168,740 30.28 62,990 23.58
Sales engineers................................................................... 63,780 56.38 117,270 52.32
Telemarketers..................................................................... 117,610 14.87 30,930 13.42
Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 161,550 19.04 39,590 14.67
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 8,360 17.66 36,740 14.29
Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 153,180 19.11 39,750 14.69
Office and administrative support occupations 18,548,360 20.38 42,390 18.62
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,427,260 29.81 62,010 28.10
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,427,260 29.81 62,010 28.10
Communications equipment operators................................................. 66,960 16.85 35,050 15.41
Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 59,270 16.34 33,980 15.11
Telephone operators............................................................... 4,630 18.91 39,340 18.13
Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 3,070 23.68 49,260 22.44
Financial clerks................................................................... 2,770,580 20.15 41,920 19.02
Bill and account collectors....................................................... 222,030 19.53 40,630 18.32
Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 445,160 20.01 41,610 19.03
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,443,940 21.20 44,100 20.39
Gambling cage workers............................................................. 10,560 14.28 29,700 13.77
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 133,870 23.21 48,290 22.61
Procurement clerks................................................................ 61,000 21.83 45,400 21.51
Tellers........................................................................... 423,570 15.85 32,960 15.68
Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 30,470 22.27 46,310 21.23
Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,480,860 18.22 37,900 16.97
Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 44,720 28.11 58,460 26.57
Correspondence clerks............................................................. 6,150 19.26 40,070 18.46
Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 156,100 20.91 43,490 19.68
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 24,600 20.95 43,580 20.06
Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,833,250 18.51 38,510 17.23
Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 138,820 23.07 47,990 22.65
File clerks....................................................................... 91,560 17.38 36,140 16.39
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 222,550 12.93 26,900 12.26
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 173,800 18.10 37,640 17.39
Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 84,560 14.78 30,740 13.81
Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 204,100 20.57 42,780 19.89
New accounts clerks............................................................... 45,250 19.17 39,870 18.15
Order clerks...................................................................... 119,640 18.10 37,660 17.11
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 108,470 21.24 44,170 20.79
Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 968,420 15.58 32,410 14.96
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 110,020 21.98 45,710 18.96
Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 148,870 21.10 43,880 20.59
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 2,149,050 21.60 44,930 19.79
Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 96,510 22.68 47,170 21.04
Couriers and messengers........................................................... 70,700 15.87 33,010 14.89
Dispatchers....................................................................... 281,740 21.72 45,170 20.07
Public safety telecommunicators.................................................. 93,290 22.02 45,800 20.82
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 188,450 21.57 44,860 19.70
Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 26,490 22.19 46,160 20.16
Postal service workers............................................................ 525,920 25.24 52,500 24.59
Postal service clerks............................................................ 86,950 24.62 51,200 24.11
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 333,570 25.57 53,180 24.56
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 105,400 24.73 51,440 25.55
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 362,090 25.00 52,000 23.86
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks......................................... 727,640 17.89 37,210 16.95
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 57,960 18.31 38,080 17.62
Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,111,790 21.54 44,800 19.71
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,111,790 21.54 44,800 19.71
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 503,390 31.36 65,230 30.34
Legal secretaries and administrative assistants.................................. 160,950 25.36 52,750 23.55
Medical secretaries and administrative assistants................................ 597,100 18.75 39,000 17.96
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 1,850,360 19.43 40,420 18.68
Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,541,850 18.41 38,290 17.25
Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 194,440 17.96 37,350 17.22
Data entry keyers................................................................ 151,520 17.24 35,850 16.56
Word processors and typists...................................................... 42,920 20.50 42,630 19.73
Desktop publishers................................................................ 7,090 24.33 50,600 22.86
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 240,740 21.67 45,070 20.22
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 79,310 16.20 33,700 15.35
Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,788,090 18.16 37,770 16.98
Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 40,640 17.59 36,580 16.70
Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 6,610 21.48 44,670 19.78
Statistical assistants............................................................ 9,320 25.06 52,120 24.21
Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 175,600 18.91 39,340 17.25
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 478,770 16.02 33,310 14.27
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 22,640 26.16 54,420 24.08
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 22,640 26.16 54,420 24.08
Agricultural workers............................................................... 409,420 14.99 31,180 13.95
Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 13,450 23.38 48,620 22.45
Animal breeders................................................................... 920 21.12 43,930 19.60
Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 28,640 14.24 29,620 13.57
Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 366,410 14.72 30,620 13.89
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 29,220 16.38 34,070 15.75
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 293,910 14.49 30,140 13.78
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 36,820 14.93 31,060 14.01
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 6,460 16.51 34,330 14.49
Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 44,120 20.30 42,230 19.33
Forest and conservation workers................................................... 6,490 16.11 33,520 14.73
Logging workers................................................................... 37,630 21.03 43,740 20.36
Fallers.......................................................................... 4,820 23.81 49,520 20.76
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 25,560 20.95 43,570 20.78
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 3,390 18.72 38,940 17.74
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 3,850 20.11 41,830 19.91
Construction and extraction occupations 5,937,830 25.93 53,940 23.37
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 614,080 35.09 72,990 32.61
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 614,080 35.09 72,990 32.61
Construction trades workers........................................................ 4,430,270 25.28 52,580 22.83
Boilermakers...................................................................... 14,020 32.42 67,430 31.42
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 71,770 27.29 56,750 25.52
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 59,940 28.09 58,420 26.48
Stonemasons...................................................................... 11,830 23.22 48,290 20.99
Carpenters........................................................................ 699,300 26.06 54,200 23.81
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 82,980 22.91 47,650 20.77
Carpet installers................................................................ 23,020 22.19 46,150 19.94
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 16,720 23.91 49,740 21.89
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 5,100 19.90 41,400 18.68
Tile and stone setters........................................................... 38,150 23.31 48,490 21.26
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 198,550 23.80 49,490 22.14
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 195,580 23.74 49,390 22.12
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 2,970 27.13 56,440 24.73
Construction laborers............................................................. 971,330 20.67 43,000 18.22
Construction equipment operators.................................................. 451,250 26.22 54,540 23.61
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 44,560 22.31 46,400 19.97
Pile driver operators............................................................ 3,820 34.56 71,880 30.47
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 402,870 26.58 55,280 23.93
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 116,010 25.66 53,360 23.47
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 99,700 24.97 51,930 22.82
Tapers........................................................................... 16,320 29.87 62,140 28.58
Electricians...................................................................... 656,510 29.59 61,550 27.36
Glaziers.......................................................................... 52,190 24.50 50,970 22.15
Insulation workers................................................................ 60,480 24.42 50,800 22.03
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 32,780 22.53 46,860 20.04
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 27,700 26.67 55,470 24.05
Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 220,700 22.36 46,500 20.27
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 217,880 22.33 46,460 20.25
Paperhangers..................................................................... 2,820 23.95 49,820 20.94
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 451,390 28.79 59,890 26.43
Pipelayers....................................................................... 33,950 21.66 45,060 19.46
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 417,440 29.37 61,100 27.08
Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 25,210 25.05 52,100 22.61
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 18,680 26.30 54,700 23.75
Roofers........................................................................... 128,680 22.60 47,010 20.95
Sheet metal workers............................................................... 128,220 26.60 55,320 24.70
Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 71,490 28.20 58,650 26.36
Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 11,490 23.08 48,020 22.34
Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 227,710 17.13 35,640 16.35
Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 227,710 17.13 35,640 16.35
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 21,410 19.32 40,190 17.78
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 30,900 17.00 35,360 16.48
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 73,920 17.04 35,440 16.27
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 9,500 16.12 33,520 15.21
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 55,740 16.82 34,990 16.15
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 8,390 16.86 35,080 15.99
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 27,850 16.89 35,140 16.04
Other construction and related workers............................................. 438,940 25.36 52,750 22.87
Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 113,770 31.96 66,470 30.22
Elevator and escalator installers and repairers................................... 24,730 41.44 86,200 42.57
Fence erectors.................................................................... 27,010 19.29 40,120 18.05
Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 44,010 23.64 49,170 21.77
Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 149,890 20.77 43,200 20.03
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 17,590 27.61 57,430 27.10
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 29,880 21.12 43,930 19.77
Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 32,050 21.24 44,180 19.07
Extraction workers................................................................. 226,840 23.81 49,520 22.12
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas.................... 68,840 25.80 53,670 23.47
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 9,350 24.17 50,280 23.04
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 15,650 28.34 58,940 25.88
Service unit operators, oil and gas.............................................. 43,840 25.25 52,510 22.78
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining............. 40,240 23.32 48,500 21.70
Continuous mining machine operators............................................... 14,990 28.05 58,340 27.37
Roof bolters, mining.............................................................. 2,080 29.76 61,900 29.42
Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining.......................... 3,520 26.97 56,100 27.23
Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 4,640 18.48 38,430 17.85
Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 44,710 20.27 42,160 18.95
Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 12,740 18.82 39,150 18.20
Earth drillers, except oil and gas; and explosives workers, ordnance handling
experts, and blasters............................................................ 22,540 24.54 51,040 23.32
Underground mining machine operators and extraction workers, all other............ 12,540 25.83 53,730 25.19
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,486,930 25.17 52,360 23.44
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 475,000 35.14 73,100 33.77
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 475,000 35.14 73,100 33.77
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 526,000 27.60 57,400 26.59
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 91,930 21.05 43,790 19.76
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 203,730 29.76 61,900 29.45
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 13,210 29.23 60,790 27.75
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 190,510 29.80 61,980 29.55
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................................ 230,350 28.29 58,850 27.29
Avionics technicians............................................................. 21,390 33.26 69,180 32.61
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 15,380 23.68 49,250 22.40
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 10,390 33.87 70,440 33.75
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 55,200 30.46 63,350 29.81
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 23,070 39.98 83,150 41.03
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 10,230 19.83 41,250 19.02
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers................................... 25,760 21.57 44,850 19.93
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 68,920 25.07 52,150 24.49
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,553,160 23.76 49,420 22.37
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 128,300 33.19 69,040 31.94
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 775,710 22.63 47,060 21.19
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 137,120 23.77 49,430 21.80
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 18,490 19.07 39,660 18.13
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 620,110 22.48 46,760 21.18
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 253,010 25.04 52,090 24.13
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 205,720 26.50 55,110 25.66
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 35,720 21.81 45,350 21.09
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 147,680 27.40 57,000 26.61
Rail car repairers............................................................... 22,310 28.01 58,250 27.74
Small engine mechanics............................................................ 65,430 19.88 41,360 18.76
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 20,440 21.87 45,490 20.83
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 13,490 19.42 40,390 18.28
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 31,500 18.79 39,090 18.04
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 124,990 16.06 33,400 14.91
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 11,290 16.12 33,530 15.69
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 15,150 21.05 43,790 19.48
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 98,560 15.28 31,790 14.45
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 2,932,770 23.87 49,650 22.26
Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 73,340 27.46 57,120 25.27
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 22,680 21.80 45,350 20.78
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 50,660 30.00 62,400 29.13
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 344,020 25.68 53,410 24.32
Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 27,640 21.06 43,810 20.00
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 496,380 27.30 56,790 26.40
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 385,980 27.57 57,350 26.68
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 65,240 24.98 51,960 24.08
Millwrights...................................................................... 44,400 28.40 59,080 27.53
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 760 26.48 55,080 26.26
Line installers and repairers..................................................... 237,420 32.66 67,940 32.71
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 114,930 35.78 74,410 36.07
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 122,480 29.74 61,860 28.30
Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 71,430 25.88 53,830 24.40
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 3,320 20.55 42,740 19.39
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 48,510 26.49 55,090 24.81
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 7,070 19.12 39,770 17.70
Watch and clock repairers........................................................ 2,430 23.35 48,560 21.77
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 10,100 30.05 62,500 29.53
Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,357,630 21.05 43,790 19.64
Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 5,860 28.53 59,340 27.03
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 319,050 20.91 43,490 18.80
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 25,080 19.09 39,710 18.07
Commercial divers................................................................ 3,460 34.54 71,850 26.35
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 16,180 22.23 46,240 21.00
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 2,900 17.48 36,360 16.89
Riggers.......................................................................... 21,700 25.49 53,020 24.45
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 7,250 36.53 75,970 36.64
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 91,430 16.33 33,960 15.27
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 151,050 22.19 46,160 20.42
Production occupations 8,519,410 20.08 41,760 18.00
Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 599,900 32.12 66,800 30.22
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 599,900 32.12 66,800 30.22
Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,724,470 18.05 37,550 16.81
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 38,460 26.69 55,510 25.56
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 296,380 18.66 38,810 17.53
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 12,580 19.37 40,280 18.26
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders,
tapers, and finishers........................................................... 283,800 18.63 38,750 17.49
Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 41,510 22.69 47,190 22.00
Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 69,550 21.51 44,750 20.09
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................. 18,800 18.41 38,280 17.76
Timing device assemblers and adjusters............................................ 1,000 18.96 39,430 17.39
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,258,780 17.30 35,980 16.13
Food processing workers............................................................ 777,500 15.69 32,640 14.88
Bakers............................................................................ 168,890 14.93 31,060 14.13
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 367,970 15.56 32,370 14.94
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 142,220 16.65 34,630 15.82
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 147,760 14.81 30,800 14.51
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 77,980 15.00 31,210 14.76
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 240,640 16.43 34,170 15.36
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 19,010 17.01 35,370 15.62
Food batchmakers................................................................. 153,270 16.81 34,970 15.72
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 26,530 16.43 34,180 15.87
Food processing workers, all other............................................... 41,840 14.75 30,680 14.24
Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,691,060 20.93 43,540 19.60
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 117,530 19.86 41,310 18.96
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 69,300 18.75 38,990 18.05
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 13,730 20.90 43,480 19.92
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 34,500 21.69 45,110 20.96
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 297,430 18.99 39,500 18.07
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 179,300 18.58 38,650 17.78
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 9,090 20.58 42,800 19.13
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................. 69,570 18.65 38,800 17.73
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 23,710 20.72 43,100 19.90
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 15,760 21.60 44,920 20.74
Machinists........................................................................ 360,340 22.98 47,800 22.04
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 22,490 21.57 44,860 20.67
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 15,290 22.12 46,000 21.45
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 7,200 20.41 42,440 19.31
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 5,800 26.26 54,630 24.83
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 3,400 27.97 58,180 26.33
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 2,400 23.83 49,570 23.16
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 171,110 17.40 36,190 16.14
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 16,090 18.45 38,370 17.86
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic..................................................................... 155,020 17.29 35,960 15.91
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 134,660 19.13 39,800 18.03
Tool and die makers............................................................... 61,190 26.69 55,520 26.33
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 430,700 22.25 46,280 21.05
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 397,550 22.45 46,690 21.25
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 33,150 19.86 41,320 18.95
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 89,810 19.26 40,060 17.89
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 16,550 20.04 41,680 19.00
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 7,570 24.51 50,980 25.14
Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 38,470 17.76 36,950 16.75
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 6,080 21.00 43,670 19.74
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 21,140 18.98 39,490 17.08
Printing workers................................................................... 230,720 19.18 39,890 18.08
Printing workers.................................................................. 230,720 19.18 39,890 18.08
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 28,010 20.85 43,370 19.91
Printing press operators......................................................... 160,270 19.32 40,200 18.21
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 42,450 17.51 36,430 16.47
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 491,520 14.38 29,920 13.47
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 179,890 12.79 26,600 12.24
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 31,980 12.53 26,050 12.30
Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 116,520 14.14 29,420 13.57
Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 11,450 15.12 31,460 14.70
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 7,380 15.13 31,480 14.69
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 4,080 15.11 31,430 14.72
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 24,260 16.97 35,300 15.44
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 3,410 14.80 30,790 14.42
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 20,860 17.33 36,040 15.69
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 64,220 15.33 31,900 14.75
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 7,260 15.19 31,600 14.55
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 12,650 14.85 30,890 14.38
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 18,830 15.56 32,370 14.95
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and
tenders......................................................................... 25,480 15.45 32,130 14.85
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 63,200 18.22 37,890 16.69
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and
glass fibers.................................................................... 15,840 18.83 39,170 17.87
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 4,670 27.83 57,880 23.88
Upholsterers..................................................................... 26,180 18.21 37,870 17.43
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 16,510 14.94 31,070 13.77
Woodworkers........................................................................ 240,750 17.24 35,850 16.25
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 93,300 18.70 38,900 17.65
Furniture finishers............................................................... 15,590 16.84 35,040 15.85
Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 990 29.93 62,250 30.88
Model makers, wood............................................................... 800 30.10 62,600 30.79
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 190 29.21 60,750 31.31
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 123,560 16.08 33,440 15.35
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 48,400 16.01 33,290 15.17
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 75,160 16.13 33,540 15.46
Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 7,300 17.17 35,710 16.17
Plant and system operators......................................................... 297,000 31.48 65,490 30.07
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 48,210 41.69 86,720 42.83
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 5,310 50.23 104,470 50.02
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 9,940 44.84 93,260 45.72
Power plant operators............................................................ 32,960 39.37 81,890 40.70
Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 29,550 32.77 68,170 31.09
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 119,380 24.95 51,890 23.60
Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 99,870 33.99 70,700 34.04
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 29,710 31.47 65,460 31.71
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 14,990 35.24 73,290 35.08
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 40,480 37.31 77,610 37.90
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 14,680 28.65 59,600 28.35
Other production occupations....................................................... 2,466,480 19.48 40,510 17.89
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 141,000 24.58 51,120 23.02
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 93,060 25.64 53,330 24.29
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders.......................................................... 47,930 22.52 46,850 20.72
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 172,710 19.28 40,110 18.20
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 32,460 19.85 41,290 18.93
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 24,050 16.53 34,380 15.26
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 116,190 19.69 40,960 18.60
Cutting workers................................................................... 60,740 18.12 37,690 17.46
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 7,980 16.44 34,190 15.21
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 52,760 18.37 38,220 17.78
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and
tenders.......................................................................... 63,730 18.48 38,440 17.58
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 16,880 20.15 41,910 19.56
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 549,200 21.43 44,580 19.45
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 18,650 23.10 48,050 20.14
Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians.... 70,650 20.25 42,130 18.57
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 30,800 21.75 45,230 20.24
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 13,710 21.94 45,630 20.07
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 26,140 17.62 36,640 16.56
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 370,910 16.94 35,220 15.69
Painting workers.................................................................. 149,370 20.08 41,770 18.63
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 11,860 18.05 37,540 16.72
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 137,510 20.26 42,140 18.78
Semiconductor processing technicians.............................................. 31,080 21.74 45,210 19.47
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 8,880 18.94 39,390 16.69
Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers.................... 174,650 22.47 46,740 21.26
Computer numerically controlled tool operators................................... 149,120 21.30 44,300 20.32
Computer numerically controlled tool programmers................................. 25,530 29.33 61,010 27.76
Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 638,030 17.15 35,660 15.67
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 12,400 18.10 37,640 17.44
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 14,060 16.64 34,600 15.49
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 8,020 19.05 39,610 18.10
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 9,490 16.94 35,230 15.28
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 41,660 17.97 37,370 17.04
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 99,890 19.94 41,480 19.15
Tire builders.................................................................... 18,820 22.11 45,980 22.25
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 239,340 15.39 32,000 14.66
Production workers, all other.................................................... 194,360 17.13 35,620 15.10
Transportation and material moving occupations 12,163,360 19.08 39,680 16.38
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 487,450 28.04 58,330 26.37
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.............. 487,450 28.04 58,330 26.37
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................. 10,020 28.66 59,620 25.77
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except
aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................. 477,430 28.03 58,300 26.38
Air transportation workers......................................................... 269,710 (²) 111,420 (²)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 120,670 (²) 163,480 (²)
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 83,550 (²) 186,870 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 37,120 (²) 110,830 (²)
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 32,780 50.54 105,120 47.91
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 22,190 61.27 127,440 62.70
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 10,590 28.06 58,360 24.68
Flight attendants................................................................. 116,260 (²) 59,150 (²)
Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 3,976,410 20.56 42,770 19.52
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 14,120 14.76 30,700 13.43
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 3,148,070 21.25 44,200 20.40
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 420,890 15.32 31,870 13.44
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,797,710 23.42 48,710 22.66
Light truck drivers.............................................................. 929,470 19.74 41,050 17.81
Passenger vehicle drivers......................................................... 762,820 17.93 37,300 16.67
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 162,850 23.13 48,110 22.07
Passenger vehicle drivers, except bus drivers, transit and intercity............. 599,980 16.52 34,360 15.54
Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 51,390 19.33 40,200 17.87
Rail transportation workers........................................................ 114,040 31.42 65,360 30.97
Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 41,690 33.15 68,960 33.58
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 37,110 33.97 70,660 34.55
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 4,580 26.54 55,200 24.86
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers................ 14,630 26.87 55,890 27.82
Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 44,920 31.46 65,440 30.78
Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 11,250 31.48 65,480 33.38
Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 1,540 26.28 54,670 23.06
Water transportation workers....................................................... 63,020 35.35 73,530 28.48
Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 25,570 26.77 55,680 21.60
Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 29,980 41.76 86,860 35.39
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 27,590 43.14 89,740 37.08
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 2,380 25.72 53,500 26.88
Ship engineers.................................................................... 7,480 38.99 81,110 36.53
Other transportation workers....................................................... 330,830 16.81 34,970 13.83
Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 3,080 23.85 49,610 25.16
Parking attendants................................................................ 123,790 13.42 27,910 13.02
Automotive and watercraft service attendants...................................... 112,750 13.53 28,150 12.76
Traffic technicians............................................................... 7,430 25.55 53,140 22.98
Transportation inspectors......................................................... 27,360 39.10 81,320 37.69
Passenger attendants.............................................................. 22,990 14.62 30,410 13.83
Aircraft service attendants and transportation workers, all other................. 33,430 21.12 43,920 18.17
Material moving workers............................................................ 6,921,900 16.00 33,290 14.77
Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 23,160 18.05 37,540 17.20
Crane and tower operators......................................................... 44,060 30.77 64,010 28.71
Dredge operators.................................................................. 1,750 25.86 53,790 23.66
Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 4,460 30.16 62,730 30.10
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 640,950 18.85 39,210 18.06
Laborers and material movers...................................................... 6,021,330 15.40 32,040 14.38
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 341,660 14.14 29,400 13.29
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,805,200 16.21 33,710 14.96
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 64,240 16.57 34,470 15.87
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 599,270 14.07 29,270 13.49
Stockers and order fillers....................................................... 2,210,960 14.91 31,010 14.03
Pumping station operators......................................................... 26,430 27.65 57,500 27.21
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 3,800 30.66 63,770 32.62
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 10,580 24.92 51,830 23.12
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 12,050 29.09 60,500 29.19
Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 120,850 20.49 42,620 18.80
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 12,610 24.36 50,670 21.93
Material moving workers, all other................................................ 26,300 18.16 37,770 15.80
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080
hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly
calculated from the reported survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or
annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour.
4 Estimate not released.
United States Department of Labor
