For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Thursday, March 31, 2022 USDL-22-0556
Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oewsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2021
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations had employment of 8.8 million in May 2021,
representing 6.2 percent of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
reported today. The largest healthcare practitioners and technical occupations were registered
nurses (3.0 million) and licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (641,240). The
annual mean wage across all healthcare practitioners and technical occupations was $91,100,
compared with the U.S. average wage of $58,260. (See table 1.)
The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program provides employment and wage
estimates for about 830 occupations in the nation, states, and approximately 530 areas.
National data are available by industry for approximately 415 industry classifications and
by ownership across all industries and for the educational services and hospitals industries.
This news release features healthcare practitioners and technical occupations, transportation
and material moving occupations, and protective service occupations, in addition to employment
and wages by typical entry-level educational requirement and STEM (science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics) occupations. National employment and wage information for all
occupations is shown in table 1.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data |
| |
| With the May 2021 estimates release, the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics |
| (OEWS) program has implemented a new model-based (MB3) estimation method. The May |
| 2021 OEWS estimates are also the first estimates based entirely on survey data |
| collected using the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See the |
| box notes at the end of this news release for more information. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
--The largest healthcare practitioners and technical occupations were registered nurses
(3.0 million), licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (641,240), and pharmacy
technicians (436,630). (See table 1.) Healthcare practitioners and technical is the larger
of the two healthcare occupational groups and includes occupations like physicians,
surgeons, dentists, nurses, therapists, and health technologists and technicians.
--The highest paying healthcare practitioners and technical occupations included cardiologists,
anesthesiologists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons, all with annual mean wages of more than
$300,000. These specialist physician and dentist occupations were also among the highest paying
occupations overall. (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying healthcare practitioners and technical occupations included dietetic
technicians ($34,160) and emergency medical technicians ($36,690). (See table 1.)
--Half of all healthcare practitioners and technical jobs were in general medical and surgical
hospitals (3.2 million) or offices of physicians (1.2 million). Industries with the largest
employment of healthcare practitioners and technical occupations also included outpatient care
centers (408,420) and health and personal care stores (380,930).
--California ($115,220), Hawaii ($113,370), and New Jersey ($112,860) were the states with the
highest wages for healthcare practitioners and technical occupations.
National industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
State data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm.
Transportation and material moving occupations
--Transportation and material moving occupations had employment of 12.6 million, representing
9.0 percent of U.S. employment, and an annual mean wage of $41,340. (See table 1.)
--The largest transportation and material moving occupations were laborers and hand freight,
stock, and material movers (2.7 million) and stockers and order fillers (2.5 million). (See
table 1.)
--The highest paying transportation and material moving occupations were airline pilots, copilots,
and flight engineers ($198,190) and air traffic controllers ($127,920). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying occupations in this group included parking attendants ($29,210) and automotive
and watercraft service attendants ($29,960). (See table 1.)
--Transportation and material moving occupations made up 20.3 percent of employment in Stockton-
Lodi, CA, compared with 9.0 percent nationally. Metropolitan areas with the highest shares of
transportation and material moving occupations also included Memphis, TN-MS-AR (17.4 percent),
and Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA (16.8 percent).
Metropolitan area data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
Protective service occupations
--Protective service occupations had employment of 3.4 million, representing 2.4 percent of U.S.
employment. The annual mean wage for protective service occupations was $53,420. (See table 1.)
--The largest protective service occupations were security guards (1.1 million), police and
sheriff's patrol officers (665,380), and correctional officers and jailers (392,600).
(See table 1.)
--The highest paying protective service occupations were first-line supervisors of police and
detectives ($98,760) and detectives and criminal investigators ($90,370). The lowest paying
protective service occupations were lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective
service workers ($27,320) and school bus monitors ($30,220). (See table 1.)
--The largest protective service occupation, security guards, had an annual mean wage of $35,830
nationally. The District of Columbia ($52,840) and Alaska ($49,040) had among the highest average
wages for this occupation. The lowest paying states for security guards included Mississippi
($27,650) and Alabama ($27,670).
--About 1.4 million protective service jobs were in local government, excluding schools and hospitals,
representing 41 percent of employment in this occupational group. After local government, the
industries with the largest employment of protective service occupations were investigation and
security services (721,420) and state government, excluding schools and hospitals (381,880).
Largest occupations
--The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (3.7 million), home health and personal
care aides (3.4 million), cashiers (3.3 million), and fast food and counter workers (3.1 million).
(See table 1.)
--Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages, including retail salespersons ($31,920)
and home health and personal care aides ($29,260). (See table 1.)
--Of the 10 largest occupations, registered nurses ($82,750) and general and operations managers
($115,250) were the only occupations with above-average wages. (See table 1.)
Public sector occupations
--The public sector made up 15.0 percent of employment and had a different occupational mix from
the private sector.
--Several of the largest public sector occupations were related to education. These occupations
included elementary school teachers, except special education (public sector employment of 1.2
million); teaching assistants, except postsecondary (952,910); secondary school teachers, except
special and career/technical education (877,700); and middle school teachers, except special and
career/technical education (527,110).
--Outside of the educational instruction and library group, the occupations with the highest public
sector employment included police and sheriff's patrol officers (659,050); registered nurses
(522,500); and janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners (469,960).
Public/private sector ownership data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
Typical entry-level education
--Preschool teachers, except special education (391,670) and paralegals and legal assistants
(336,250) were the largest occupations typically requiring an associate's degree for entry.
Occupations in this educational category made up about 2 percent of total employment.
--Occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent for entry made up 39
percent of employment, and occupations typically requiring no formal educational credential for
entry made up 22 percent of employment. These two educational categories include many production
and construction occupations, as well as large occupations like retail salespersons and home
health and personal care aides.
--Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry made up nearly 40 percent of
employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations typically requiring a bachelor's
degree for entry, made up over 24 percent of employment. This educational category includes
registered nurses; teachers at the kindergarten through secondary levels; and many management,
business and financial operations, computer, and engineering occupations.
--Average wages were generally higher for occupations requiring more education. Annual mean wages
were $31,810 for occupations typically requiring no formal educational credential for entry,
$46,760 for occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent, $60,180
for occupations typically requiring an associate's degree, and $93,590 for occupations typically
requiring a bachelor's degree.
--The highest paying occupations typically requiring an associate's degree for entry were air
traffic controllers ($127,920), nuclear technicians ($95,200), and radiation therapists ($94,000).
The typical education level required to enter an occupation is based on education and training categories
from the BLS Employment Projections program. More information about the system of education and training
categories is available at www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/education/tech.htm. Typical entry-level
educational requirements assigned to each occupation in the May 2021 OEWS estimates are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/educ_list_2021.xlsx. Additional charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2021.htm.
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations
--There were nearly 9.3 million STEM jobs representing 6.6 percent of total U.S. employment.
--The six largest STEM occupations were related to computers and included software developers (1.4
million) and computer user support specialists (654,310). (See table 1.) The largest STEM occupations
not related to computers were civil engineers (304,310) and industrial engineers (293,950).
--Areas with the highest employment shares of STEM occupations were California-Lexington Park, MD
(24.4 percent), and San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (22.1 percent).
--Industries with the highest shares of STEM occupations included computer systems design and related
services (62.5 percent); architectural, engineering, and related services (61.1 percent); and
software publishers (57.1 percent).
--STEM occupations had an annual mean wage of $100,900, compared with $55,260 for non-STEM occupations.
Ninety-two of the 105 STEM occupations had mean wages significantly above the all-occupations average
of $58,260. (See table 1.)
--The highest paying STEM occupations were the three STEM-related management occupations--computer and
information systems managers ($162,930), architectural and engineering managers ($158,970), and
natural sciences managers ($156,110)--and physicists ($151,580). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying STEM occupations were forest and conservation technicians ($43,420) and
agricultural technicians ($44,850). (See table 1.)
Occupations included in the STEM definition used for this news release are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/stem_list_2021.xlsx. Additional STEM charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2021.htm.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Methodology |
| |
| With the May 2021 estimates, the OEWS program has implemented a new estimation method. This |
| model-based method, called MB3, has advantages over the previous estimation method, as |
| described in the Monthly Labor Review article at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model- |
| based-estimates-for-the-occupational-employment-statistics-program.htm. For more information, |
| see the May 2021 Survey Methods and Reliability Statement at www.bls.gov/oes/methods_21.pdf. |
| OEWS estimates for the years 2015-19 were recalculated using the new estimation method and |
| are available as research estimates at www.bls.gov/oes/oes-mb3-methods.htm. |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________|
________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Implementing the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System |
| |
| The May 2021 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be based entirely on survey data |
| collected using the 2018 SOC. May 2021 OEWS data are available for most 2018 SOC detailed |
| occupations. To improve data quality, the OEWS program aggregates some occupations to the |
| SOC broad occupation level or as OEWS-specific combinations of 2018 SOC detailed occupations. |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey
measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in
nonfarm establishments in the United States. The OEWS data available from BLS include
cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 580
areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas
(MSAs), nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates
at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry
levels; and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools
and hospitals.
The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies
(SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while
the SWAs collect most of the data. OEWS estimates are constructed from a sample of
about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual panels of approximately
179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the
other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail,
email, telephone, or personal visit. The May 2021 estimates are based on responses
from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2021, November 2020,
May 2020, November 2019, May 2019, and November 2018. The unweighted sampled
employment of 82 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 62
percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six
panels, based on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, is 67.2 percent based on
establishments and 64.5 percent based on weighted sampled employment.
The occupational coding system
The May 2021 OEWS estimates contain approximately 830 occupational categories based
on the Office of Management and Budget's 2018 Standard Occupational Classification
(SOC) system. Together, these occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational
groups. Major group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is not included.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The May 2021 OEWS estimates use the 2017 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OEWS survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception of
logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and
support activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814)
also are excluded. OEWS federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and
the federal executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local
government, are covered by the survey.
Survey sample
The OEWS survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files.
Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because
they do not report to the UI program. The OEWS survey sample is stratified by
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area, industry, and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be
selected than smaller employers. A census is taken of the executive branch of the
federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation. The OEWS survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be
classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or
other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned
to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty
station, regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. The survey does not
include the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household
workers, or unpaid family workers.
Wages for the OEWS survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay.
Base rate; cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive
pay, including commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded
are overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer
cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The responding establishments are instructed to report hourly rates for part-time
workers and to report annual rates for occupations that are typically paid at an
annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as teachers, pilots, and
flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers, are paid
hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these
workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
OEWS receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service,
most state governments, and some local government and private sector establishments.
For the remaining establishments, the OEWS survey data were placed into 12 intervals.
The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates,
where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage
rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours.
Estimation methodology
The OEWS survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data
collected over a 3-year period. Each OEWS panel contains approximately 179,000 to
187,000 establishments. The full six-panel sample of 1.1 million establishments
allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and
occupation.
The May 2021 estimates were produced by a model-based estimation method using three
years of OEWS data (MB3). Under MB3, data provided by survey respondents are used to
model occupational staffing patterns and wages for all unobserved establishments in
the population, including establishments that were not sampled, sampled
establishments that did not respond, and respondents that did not meet stability
criteria.
A donor pool typically consisting of 10 nearest neighbor responding establishments
is used to predict data for each unobserved establishment; if 10 donors are not
available, then as few as 5 can be used. Donors are matched to recipients based on
detailed industry, geographic area, ownership, size, and survey panel. Within a
given donor pool, donors that are more similar to the unobserved establishment are
given more weight in determining the modeled data.
Each establishment's population employment is set as the average of its May 2021 and
November 2020 employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, the UI
database from which the OEWS sample is drawn. Using adjustment factors derived from
the OEWS survey data, wages collected in earlier survey panels are adjusted to the
reference date of the estimates and donor wages are adjusted for differences between
donor and recipient characteristics such as geographic area and industry.
Changes and special procedures in the May 2021 estimates
With the May 2021 estimates, the OEWS program has implemented a new estimation
method. This new model-based method, called MB3, has advantages over the previous
estimation method, as described in the Monthly Labor Review article at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model-based-estimates-for-the-occupational-
employment-statistics-program.htm. For more information, see the May 2021 Survey
Methods and Reliability Statement at www.bls.gov/oes/methods_21.pdf.
The May 2021 estimates are the first OEWS estimates based entirely on survey data
collected using the 2018 SOC. The May 2019 and May 2020 estimates were based on a
combination of survey data collected using the 2010 SOC and survey data collected
using the 2018 SOC and used a hybrid of the two classification systems. See
www.bls.gov/soc/2018 and www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#qf10 for more information.
May 2021 OEWS data are available for most 2018 SOC detailed occupations. To improve
data quality, the OEWS program has replaced some 2018 SOC detailed occupations with
SOC broad occupations or OEWS-specific aggregations.
The May 2021 OEWS estimates use the metropolitan area definitions delineated in
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin 17-01. For more information, please
see www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm.
Response rates for the May 2021 estimates were negatively affected by the difficulty
of collecting data from employers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lower response rates
may negatively affect data availability and data quality.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2021
Median
Occupation Employment Mean wages hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
All occupations 140,886,310 $28.01 $58,260 $22.00
Management occupations 8,909,910 59.31 123,370 49.25
Top executives..................................................................... 3,229,990 57.94 120,520 47.46
Chief executives.................................................................. 200,480 102.41 213,020 86.31
General and operations managers................................................... 2,984,920 55.41 115,250 47.10
Legislators....................................................................... 44,590 (²) 57,110 (²)
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 838,050 69.77 145,130 61.62
Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 22,520 68.68 142,860 61.13
Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 732,490 70.48 146,600 62.18
Marketing managers............................................................... 278,690 73.77 153,440 64.92
Sales managers................................................................... 453,800 68.46 142,390 61.30
Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 83,040 63.85 132,800 57.62
Public relations managers........................................................ 59,850 66.35 138,000 60.47
Fundraising managers............................................................. 23,190 57.40 119,400 48.47
Operations specialties managers.................................................... 2,116,020 67.26 139,900 61.13
Administrative services and facilities managers................................... 325,850 52.69 109,590 47.73
Administrative services managers................................................. 224,620 54.34 113,030 48.16
Facilities managers.............................................................. 101,230 49.03 101,970 47.08
Computer and information systems managers......................................... 485,190 78.33 162,930 76.45
Financial managers................................................................ 681,070 73.78 153,460 63.32
Industrial production managers.................................................... 192,270 56.62 117,780 49.59
Purchasing managers............................................................... 69,310 64.71 134,590 61.13
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 144,640 50.76 105,580 47.22
Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 15,330 67.05 139,470 61.31
Human resources managers.......................................................... 166,530 65.67 136,590 60.69
Training and development managers................................................. 35,830 61.92 128,800 57.76
Other management occupations....................................................... 2,725,860 51.55 107,230 46.94
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 5,220 37.71 78,440 35.12
Construction managers............................................................. 284,750 52.02 108,210 47.55
Education and childcare administrators............................................ 537,100 47.73 99,280 45.68
Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare.................... 56,430 25.87 53,800 22.75
Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary......................... 274,710 (²) 102,650 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 155,990 53.49 111,260 46.59
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 49,970 45.54 94,730 43.54
Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 187,100 76.43 158,970 73.25
Food service managers............................................................. 210,680 30.75 63,970 28.58
Entertainment and recreation managers............................................. 21,460 36.75 76,430 30.42
Gambling managers................................................................ 3,660 42.88 89,190 36.98
Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling........................... 17,800 35.48 73,810 29.81
Lodging managers.................................................................. 35,920 32.58 67,770 28.57
Medical and health services managers.............................................. 436,770 57.61 119,840 48.72
Natural sciences managers......................................................... 74,760 75.05 156,110 66.30
Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 12,750 39.34 81,820 38.58
Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 234,680 33.67 70,030 28.47
Social and community service managers............................................. 156,400 36.92 76,790 35.58
Emergency management directors.................................................... 10,320 40.77 84,800 36.89
Personal service managers......................................................... 20,060 35.75 74,360 29.02
Funeral home managers............................................................ 12,710 39.86 82,900 35.58
Personal service managers, all other............................................. 7,350 28.65 59,580 29.02
Managers, all other............................................................... 497,890 62.36 129,710 59.93
Business and financial operations occupations 9,053,790 39.72 82,610 36.81
Business operations specialists.................................................... 6,152,960 38.64 80,380 36.56
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 12,480 55.97 116,410 37.70
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 439,020 34.88 72,540 30.51
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 289,580 34.06 70,850 31.11
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 278,140 34.11 70,960 31.29
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 11,430 32.78 68,180 30.13
Compliance officers............................................................... 334,340 36.45 75,810 34.45
Cost estimators................................................................... 208,950 35.45 73,740 31.33
Human resources workers........................................................... 805,080 34.24 71,210 30.04
Human resources specialists...................................................... 740,830 34.00 70,720 29.95
Farm labor contractors........................................................... 440 26.16 54,400 22.97
Labor relations specialists...................................................... 63,810 37.05 77,070 37.03
Logisticians and project management specialists................................... 933,180 45.45 94,530 39.43
Logisticians..................................................................... 189,320 38.09 79,230 37.03
Project management specialists................................................... 743,860 47.32 98,420 45.43
Management analysts............................................................... 768,450 48.33 100,530 44.71
Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 98,150 27.81 57,850 23.79
Fundraisers....................................................................... 82,080 31.19 64,870 29.17
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 87,750 35.49 73,810 30.83
Training and development specialists.............................................. 336,030 32.51 67,620 29.60
Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 727,540 36.58 76,080 30.73
Business operations specialists, all other........................................ 1,030,330 38.10 79,240 35.90
Financial specialists.............................................................. 2,900,840 41.99 87,350 37.16
Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,318,550 40.37 83,980 37.14
Property appraisers and assessors................................................. 58,340 33.68 70,050 29.49
Budget analysts................................................................... 47,440 40.50 84,240 38.43
Credit analysts................................................................... 68,770 42.32 88,030 37.23
Financial analysts and advisors................................................... 716,930 51.13 106,340 39.29
Financial and investment analysts................................................ 291,880 49.53 103,020 44.03
Personal financial advisors...................................................... 263,030 57.67 119,960 45.27
Insurance underwriters........................................................... 107,690 38.43 79,940 36.73
Financial risk specialists....................................................... 54,320 53.18 110,610 48.08
Financial examiners............................................................... 60,750 46.24 96,180 39.14
Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 371,400 37.52 78,040 29.82
Credit counselors................................................................ 31,230 24.25 50,430 22.87
Loan officers.................................................................... 340,170 38.74 80,570 30.47
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 135,460 26.80 55,750 23.51
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 52,270 30.38 63,200 27.30
Tax preparers.................................................................... 83,190 24.56 51,080 22.26
Financial specialists, all other.................................................. 123,200 38.64 80,370 35.21
Computer and mathematical occupations 4,654,750 48.01 99,860 46.90
Computer occupations............................................................... 4,389,910 47.89 99,620 46.84
Computer and information analysts................................................. 662,370 50.40 104,840 47.92
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 505,150 49.14 102,210 47.73
Information security analysts.................................................... 157,220 54.46 113,270 49.33
Computer and information research scientists...................................... 30,840 68.58 142,650 63.22
Computer support specialists...................................................... 830,510 29.11 60,550 27.84
Computer network support specialists............................................. 176,200 34.30 71,350 30.17
Computer user support specialists................................................ 654,310 27.72 57,650 23.93
Database and network administrators and architects................................ 621,900 49.25 102,440 47.44
Computer network architects...................................................... 168,830 58.01 120,650 57.94
Database administrators.......................................................... 85,870 46.42 96,550 46.50
Database architects.............................................................. 50,440 58.58 121,840 59.34
Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 316,760 43.87 91,250 38.75
Software and web developers, programmers, and testers............................. 1,874,100 54.68 113,720 49.49
Computer programmers............................................................. 152,610 46.46 96,650 44.71
Software developers.............................................................. 1,364,180 58.17 120,990 58.05
Software quality assurance analysts and testers.................................. 190,120 46.97 97,710 47.22
Web developers................................................................... 84,820 39.09 81,320 37.03
Web and digital interface designers.............................................. 82,380 45.90 95,460 38.41
Computer occupations, all other................................................... 370,190 47.20 98,180 45.80
Mathematical science occupations................................................... 264,840 49.90 103,800 47.44
Actuaries......................................................................... 23,040 60.24 125,300 50.91
Mathematicians.................................................................... 1,770 54.05 112,430 51.97
Operations research analysts...................................................... 98,700 46.07 95,830 39.59
Statisticians..................................................................... 31,370 47.81 99,450 45.95
Data scientists................................................................... 105,980 52.24 108,660 48.52
Mathematical science occupations, all other....................................... 3,970 37.48 77,960 30.03
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,436,520 44.10 91,740 38.39
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 176,840 39.85 82,880 37.34
Architects, except naval.......................................................... 117,830 42.98 89,400 38.16
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 100,400 44.19 91,900 38.55
Landscape architects............................................................. 17,430 36.05 74,980 32.67
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 59,000 33.59 69,870 29.78
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 12,610 35.34 73,510 33.12
Surveyors........................................................................ 46,390 33.12 68,880 29.62
Engineers.......................................................................... 1,631,080 50.00 104,000 47.62
Aerospace engineers............................................................... 56,640 59.12 122,970 58.78
Agricultural engineers............................................................ 1,120 41.99 87,350 39.73
Bioengineers and biomedical engineers............................................. 17,190 48.57 101,020 46.83
Chemical engineers................................................................ 24,180 58.58 121,840 50.75
Civil engineers................................................................... 304,310 45.91 95,490 42.33
Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 73,750 65.50 136,230 61.62
Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 293,190 53.21 110,670 48.93
Electrical engineers............................................................. 186,020 51.87 107,890 48.28
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 107,170 55.53 115,490 50.39
Environmental engineers........................................................... 42,660 48.18 100,220 46.55
Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 316,820 45.92 95,520 45.82
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 22,870 47.93 99,700 47.62
Industrial engineers............................................................. 293,950 45.77 95,200 45.82
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 7,380 47.03 97,820 44.89
Materials engineers............................................................... 21,530 49.02 101,950 47.26
Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 278,240 46.64 97,000 45.82
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 7,370 48.29 100,450 46.68
Nuclear engineers................................................................. 12,670 58.54 121,760 57.87
Petroleum engineers............................................................... 22,100 70.06 145,720 62.91
Engineers, all other.............................................................. 151,940 51.83 107,800 48.38
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 628,600 30.01 62,420 28.99
Drafters.......................................................................... 185,200 29.66 61,680 28.99
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 101,310 29.14 60,620 29.01
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 20,830 32.26 67,090 29.57
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 47,760 30.12 62,650 28.94
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 15,300 28.04 58,330 26.08
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters........................ 387,330 31.06 64,600 29.18
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians............... 10,900 35.34 73,510 35.37
Civil engineering technologists and technicians.................................. 64,170 27.89 58,000 28.04
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians.............. 101,450 33.21 69,070 30.60
Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians................ 11,590 30.71 63,880 29.02
Environmental engineering technologists and technicians.......................... 14,910 27.21 56,590 23.27
Industrial engineering technologists and technicians............................. 62,030 29.44 61,230 28.95
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians............................. 40,180 30.47 63,390 29.07
Calibration technologists and technicians........................................ 8,500 30.19 62,800 29.01
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other............ 73,600 32.83 68,290 29.78
Surveying and mapping technicians................................................. 56,070 23.95 49,810 22.55
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,273,640 38.81 80,730 34.97
Life scientists.................................................................... 304,980 44.80 93,190 38.53
Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 31,920 38.45 79,970 35.66
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,790 38.65 80,390 31.29
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 13,510 40.46 84,150 37.66
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 15,610 36.68 76,290 32.09
Biological scientists............................................................. 117,460 45.18 93,970 39.75
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 35,050 54.55 113,460 49.17
Microbiologists.................................................................. 19,430 42.22 87,820 38.11
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 15,930 33.80 70,300 31.08
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 47,050 43.27 90,010 39.68
Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 32,040 32.73 68,080 30.65
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 22,550 32.81 68,230 30.65
Foresters........................................................................ 9,500 32.56 67,710 30.82
Medical scientists................................................................ 116,740 49.44 102,830 43.58
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 8,180 41.70 86,740 37.90
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 108,550 50.02 104,050 45.82
Life scientists, all other........................................................ 6,820 45.40 94,430 39.18
Physical scientists................................................................ 244,340 46.32 96,340 39.47
Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 21,950 72.36 150,510 70.89
Astronomers...................................................................... 1,930 67.02 139,410 61.62
Physicists....................................................................... 20,020 72.88 151,580 73.29
Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 8,520 46.58 96,880 45.47
Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 87,290 43.43 90,330 38.34
Chemists......................................................................... 80,600 42.85 89,130 38.19
Materials scientists............................................................. 6,690 50.38 104,790 48.12
Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 106,910 41.82 86,980 37.66
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 76,890 39.06 81,240 36.79
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 23,620 49.78 103,550 40.23
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,390 45.57 94,780 40.40
Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 19,680 54.43 113,220 50.05
Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 246,680 43.66 90,810 38.89
Economists........................................................................ 15,640 58.09 120,830 50.79
Survey researchers................................................................ 8,850 31.10 64,690 28.72
Psychologists..................................................................... 129,620 44.28 92,100 38.96
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 610 54.48 113,320 50.63
Clinical and counseling psychologists............................................ 58,100 47.90 99,640 39.67
School psychologists............................................................. 57,110 39.80 82,770 37.88
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 13,800 47.12 98,010 49.47
Sociologists...................................................................... 2,640 46.28 96,260 44.67
Urban and regional planners....................................................... 38,940 39.09 81,310 37.74
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 50,990 43.19 89,840 39.61
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 6,650 32.12 66,800 29.76
Geographers...................................................................... 1,440 41.70 86,740 40.97
Historians....................................................................... 2,910 34.68 72,130 30.74
Political scientists............................................................. 5,650 57.90 120,430 58.90
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 34,330 43.70 90,900 40.59
Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 349,540 25.91 53,890 23.25
Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 25,090 22.23 46,240 21.49
Agricultural technicians......................................................... 13,560 21.56 44,850 19.44
Food science technicians......................................................... 11,530 23.01 47,870 22.40
Biological technicians............................................................ 76,150 24.89 51,770 23.15
Chemical technicians.............................................................. 57,690 26.46 55,040 23.56
Environmental science and geoscience technicians.................................. 46,860 25.88 53,830 23.01
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 34,110 24.30 50,550 22.78
Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians............................ 9,210 28.40 59,080 23.23
Hydrologic technicians........................................................... 3,550 34.50 71,760 29.94
Nuclear technicians............................................................... 5,360 45.77 95,200 47.76
Social science research assistants................................................ 28,690 27.13 56,430 23.90
Forest and conservation technicians............................................... 30,440 20.87 43,420 18.89
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 79,250 27.83 57,880 24.21
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 17,020 32.14 66,850 29.78
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 62,230 26.65 55,420 23.57
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians......................... 128,090 36.13 75,150 36.00
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 128,090 36.13 75,150 36.00
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 106,340 37.86 78,740 37.29
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 21,750 27.67 57,560 24.58
Community and social service occupations 2,239,680 25.94 53,960 23.28
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 2,157,410 25.94 53,950 23.27
Counselors........................................................................ 781,830 27.12 56,410 23.73
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors........................ 296,370 30.33 63,090 29.09
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 54,800 28.69 59,660 23.98
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 90,310 21.51 44,740 18.54
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors............... 310,880 25.72 53,490 23.33
Counselors, all other............................................................ 29,480 23.91 49,730 21.71
Social workers.................................................................... 677,440 27.83 57,880 24.23
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 340,050 26.39 54,880 23.63
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 173,860 29.96 62,310 29.25
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 113,810 27.79 57,800 23.62
Social workers, all other........................................................ 49,730 30.29 63,010 29.42
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 698,130 22.78 47,380 20.43
Health education specialists..................................................... 55,830 31.22 64,930 29.13
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 92,140 30.43 63,290 28.97
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 398,380 19.45 40,460 18.08
Community health workers......................................................... 61,010 22.97 47,780 22.40
Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 90,770 24.28 50,510 22.78
Religious workers.................................................................. 82,280 26.13 54,340 23.35
Clergy............................................................................ 50,790 27.51 57,230 23.90
Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 21,000 25.42 52,880 22.59
Religious workers, all other...................................................... 10,490 20.81 43,290 18.03
Legal occupations 1,178,140 54.38 113,100 39.63
Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 744,760 69.46 144,470 61.32
Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 695,810 70.30 146,220 61.39
Lawyers.......................................................................... 681,010 71.17 148,030 61.54
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 14,800 30.16 62,730 24.40
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 48,950 57.54 119,690 53.15
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 13,840 50.08 104,160 49.30
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 7,320 29.98 62,350 23.76
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 27,790 68.52 142,520 71.17
Legal support workers.............................................................. 433,380 28.46 59,190 26.38
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 336,250 28.04 58,330 27.03
Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 97,130 29.89 62,170 24.78
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 51,040 25.19 52,390 22.74
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 46,090 35.10 73,000 28.75
Educational instruction and library occupations 8,191,930 29.88 62,140 27.51
Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,340,560 (²) 95,200 (²)
Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 79,640 (²) 105,720 (²)
Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary................................. 81,740 (²) 88,730 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 37,600 (²) 89,610 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 44,140 (²) 87,980 (²)
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 41,380 (²) 113,150 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 5,950 (²) 98,600 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 35,440 (²) 115,590 (²)
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 57,440 (²) 98,430 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 8,570 (²) 97,520 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 47,690 (²) 98,710 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 1,180 (²) 93,510 (²)
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 48,420 (²) 97,110 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 10,250 (²) 102,840 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 20,260 (²) 94,060 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 5,440 (²) 92,210 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 12,460 (²) 99,480 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 108,100 (²) 94,340 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,010 (²) 102,110 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 9,040 (²) 91,680 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 11,790 (²) 124,090 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 3,440 (²) 88,150 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 14,060 (²) 98,980 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 36,060 (²) 88,390 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 12,550 (²) 87,850 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 16,140 (²) 87,320 (²)
Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 259,890 (²) 119,880 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 191,830 (²) 133,310 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 68,060 (²) 82,040 (²)
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 63,100 (²) 77,260 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 58,780 (²) 76,990 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,330 (²) 80,850 (²)
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 40,170 (²) 97,720 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 13,790 (²) 81,730 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 14,110 (²) 130,820 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 12,280 (²) 77,650 (²)
Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary............. 239,610 (²) 85,110 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 94,720 (²) 86,240 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 27,330 (²) 84,580 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 58,480 (²) 82,680 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 19,640 (²) 82,990 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 18,590 (²) 86,460 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 20,850 (²) 88,260 (²)
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 321,050 (²) 82,100 (²)
Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary............................. 2,730 (²) 93,230 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 13,860 (²) 79,080 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary............................... 105,440 30.35 63,130 28.77
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 199,020 (²) 92,200 (²)
Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers........... 4,021,070 (²) 64,870 (²)
Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 512,400 20.70 43,060 17.65
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 391,670 17.53 36,460 14.52
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 120,730 (²) 64,490 (²)
Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 1,933,120 (²) 67,030 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,329,280 (²) 67,080 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 592,000 (²) 66,880 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 11,840 (²) 69,410 (²)
Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,104,600 (²) 69,490 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 1,020,240 (²) 69,530 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 84,360 (²) 68,960 (²)
Special education teachers........................................................ 470,960 (²) 68,880 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 21,130 (²) 71,970 (²)
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 187,070 (²) 67,090 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 79,070 (²) 68,860 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 145,690 (²) 70,100 (²)
Special education teachers, all other............................................ 38,000 (²) 71,330 (²)
Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 941,530 22.35 46,490 17.94
Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and English as a second
language instructors............................................................. 38,260 29.16 60,650 28.71
Self-enrichment teachers.......................................................... 216,910 23.67 49,230 20.95
Substitute teachers, short-term................................................... 374,620 18.47 38,410 14.47
Tutors............................................................................ 147,100 20.09 41,780 17.53
Teachers and instructors, all other............................................... 164,650 (²) 62,200 (²)
Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 228,900 26.69 55,520 23.59
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 28,110 28.28 58,830 24.09
Archivists....................................................................... 6,120 29.75 61,880 28.87
Curators......................................................................... 11,030 30.71 63,880 28.90
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 10,960 25.02 52,030 22.90
Librarians and media collections specialists...................................... 127,790 30.86 64,180 29.42
Library technicians............................................................... 73,000 18.79 39,070 17.78
Other educational instruction and library occupations.............................. 1,659,870 (²) 38,620 (²)
Farm and home management educators................................................ 10,620 27.90 58,040 24.03
Instructional coordinators........................................................ 184,740 33.92 70,560 30.64
Teaching assistants............................................................... 1,308,560 (²) 32,640 (²)
Teaching assistants, postsecondary............................................... 121,290 (²) 41,170 (²)
Teaching assistants, except postsecondary........................................ 1,187,270 (²) 31,760 (²)
Educational instruction and library workers, all other............................ 155,950 23.87 49,650 22.26
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,815,290 31.78 66,100 24.61
Art and design workers............................................................. 609,150 28.32 58,910 23.18
Artists and related workers....................................................... 83,070 45.83 95,330 38.94
Art directors.................................................................... 42,080 55.50 115,430 48.51
Craft artists.................................................................... 3,740 19.58 40,730 17.27
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 9,430 33.18 69,010 29.24
Special effects artists and animators............................................ 20,430 41.45 86,220 37.88
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,390 32.33 67,240 29.61
Designers......................................................................... 526,080 25.56 53,160 22.29
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 27,940 38.31 79,680 37.03
Fashion designers................................................................ 19,310 40.22 83,650 37.24
Floral designers................................................................. 36,000 15.43 32,100 14.36
Graphic designers................................................................ 204,040 28.83 59,970 24.38
Interior designers............................................................... 61,970 30.08 62,570 29.01
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 159,790 17.08 35,520 15.41
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 6,850 30.27 62,960 26.37
Designers, all other............................................................. 10,190 35.33 73,480 29.96
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 438,600 34.55 71,870 23.78
Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 168,350 45.85 95,360 37.06
Actors........................................................................... 30,100 31.31 (²) 23.48
Producers and directors.......................................................... 138,250 49.01 101,950 37.98
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 215,690 (²) 54,390 (²)
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 12,320 (²) 116,930 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 193,740 (²) 50,550 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 9,620 (²) 51,710 (²)
Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 7,850 24.17 50,280 19.47
Dancers.......................................................................... 3,850 24.49 (²) 18.78
Choreographers................................................................... 3,990 23.86 49,630 20.53
Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 33,640 38.57 (²) 29.35
Music directors and composers.................................................... 9,560 31.29 65,080 23.62
Musicians and singers............................................................ 24,080 41.46 (²) 30.49
Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............. 13,070 23.60 (²) 17.59
Disc jockeys, except radio....................................................... 4,770 21.82 (²) 15.70
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other............... 8,300 24.62 (²) 17.96
Media and communication workers.................................................... 573,200 34.50 71,760 29.97
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys....................................... 24,580 26.97 56,110 18.09
News analysts, reporters, and journalists......................................... 39,080 30.40 63,230 23.26
Public relations specialists...................................................... 242,710 35.22 73,250 30.19
Writers and editors............................................................... 185,810 37.96 78,950 34.44
Editors.......................................................................... 88,780 36.73 76,400 30.46
Technical writers................................................................ 47,620 39.17 81,470 37.53
Writers and authors.............................................................. 49,410 39.00 81,120 33.42
Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 81,010 28.68 59,650 24.03
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 52,170 28.08 58,400 23.61
Court reporters and simultaneous captioners...................................... 12,300 31.36 65,240 29.03
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 16,540 28.56 59,400 23.99
Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 194,350 28.35 58,970 23.52
Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians........................................ 90,940 26.80 55,750 23.46
Audio and video technicians...................................................... 50,590 26.59 55,310 23.47
Broadcast technicians............................................................ 25,270 24.66 51,280 21.51
Sound engineering technicians.................................................... 10,800 32.38 67,360 29.09
Lighting technicians............................................................. 4,280 27.89 58,020 24.75
Photographers..................................................................... 38,420 23.18 48,210 18.73
Television, video, and film camera operators and editors.......................... 48,320 33.66 70,020 29.02
Camera operators, television, video, and film.................................... 20,280 29.69 61,740 23.67
Film and video editors........................................................... 28,030 36.54 76,000 30.13
Media and communication equipment workers, all other.............................. 16,670 33.31 69,290 30.41
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 8,787,730 43.80 91,100 36.08
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners.................................... 5,772,460 53.92 112,160 39.07
Chiropractors..................................................................... 35,810 39.06 81,240 36.06
Dentists.......................................................................... 124,680 85.47 177,770 78.47
Dentists, general................................................................ 108,680 80.37 167,160 77.10
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 5,330 149.74 311,460 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,140 128.50 267,280 (³)
Prosthodontists.................................................................. 790 69.10 143,730 48.54
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 4,750 86.25 179,400 84.21
Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 66,690 31.55 65,620 29.64
Optometrists...................................................................... 38,720 60.31 125,440 59.76
Pharmacists....................................................................... 312,550 60.43 125,690 61.81
Physician assistants.............................................................. 132,940 57.43 119,460 58.43
Podiatrists....................................................................... 8,840 76.15 158,380 70.11
Therapists........................................................................ 687,440 40.42 84,080 37.82
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 127,830 43.02 89,470 41.14
Physical therapists.............................................................. 225,350 44.67 92,920 45.97
Radiation therapists............................................................. 16,050 45.19 94,000 39.80
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 16,980 25.91 53,900 23.05
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 133,410 32.78 68,190 29.73
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 147,470 41.26 85,820 38.01
Exercise physiologists........................................................... 6,860 25.98 54,030 23.05
Therapists, all other............................................................ 13,490 31.26 65,030 28.61
Veterinarians..................................................................... 77,260 52.84 109,920 48.26
Registered nurses................................................................. 3,047,530 39.78 82,750 37.31
Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 43,950 97.34 202,470 94.04
Nurse midwives.................................................................... 7,750 54.91 114,210 54.24
Nurse practitioners............................................................... 234,690 56.75 118,040 58.02
Audiologists...................................................................... 13,240 41.37 86,050 37.96
Physicians........................................................................ 641,380 121.38 252,480 (³)
Anesthesiologists................................................................ 31,130 159.22 331,190 (³)
Cardiologists.................................................................... 18,610 170.18 353,970 (³)
Dermatologists................................................................... 9,230 145.55 302,740 (³)
Emergency medicine physicians.................................................... 36,180 149.35 310,640 (³)
Family medicine physicians....................................................... 102,930 113.43 235,930 (³)
General internal medicine physicians............................................. 58,260 116.44 242,190 (³)
Neurologists..................................................................... 7,120 128.68 267,660 (³)
Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................. 21,570 142.41 296,210 (³)
Pediatricians, general........................................................... 33,620 95.40 198,420 81.96
Physicians, pathologists......................................................... 11,010 128.45 267,180 (³)
Psychiatrists.................................................................... 25,520 120.08 249,760 (³)
Radiologists..................................................................... 29,530 145.06 301,720 (³)
Physicians, all other............................................................ 256,670 111.30 231,500 (³)
Surgeons.......................................................................... 58,280 141.60 294,520 (³)
Ophthalmologists, except pediatric............................................... 11,610 129.85 270,090 (³)
Orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric............................................ 16,260 147.22 306,220 (³)
Pediatric surgeons............................................................... 820 139.57 290,310 (³)
Surgeons, all other.............................................................. 29,590 143.17 297,800 (³)
Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners..................... 240,690 40.65 84,550 37.45
Acupuncturists................................................................... 7,250 34.51 71,770 29.12
Dental hygienists................................................................ 207,190 39.12 81,360 37.41
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other....................... 26,250 54.44 113,230 48.22
Health technologists and technicians............................................... 2,887,210 24.18 50,300 22.55
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 318,780 27.36 56,910 27.79
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians.................................. 408,390 34.03 70,780 32.26
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians..................................... 55,760 29.82 62,020 29.12
Diagnostic medical sonographers.................................................. 78,640 38.79 80,680 37.38
Nuclear medicine technologists................................................... 17,140 40.79 84,850 37.86
Radiologic technologists and technicians......................................... 216,380 31.97 66,490 29.50
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists......................................... 38,070 37.41 77,820 37.19
Medical dosimetrists............................................................. 2,400 59.98 124,750 61.19
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 257,910 19.94 41,480 17.76
Emergency medical technicians.................................................... 161,400 17.64 36,690 17.05
Paramedics....................................................................... 96,510 23.80 49,500 22.48
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 845,080 19.31 40,170 17.78
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 21,610 16.42 34,160 14.19
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 436,630 18.25 37,970 17.66
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 93,410 18.27 38,000 17.58
Surgical technologists........................................................... 109,060 25.77 53,590 23.33
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 118,670 18.39 38,250 17.72
Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 65,700 19.77 41,120 17.87
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 641,240 24.93 51,850 23.11
Medical records specialists....................................................... 180,570 23.23 48,310 22.43
Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 73,270 20.70 43,060 18.06
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians................................ 161,980 24.96 51,910 22.42
Orthotists and prosthetists...................................................... 10,410 38.38 79,820 36.27
Hearing aid specialists.......................................................... 10,790 28.83 59,960 28.61
Health technologists and technicians, all other.................................. 140,770 23.67 49,230 21.98
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 128,060 29.55 61,470 26.19
Health information technologists and medical registrars........................... 37,900 29.53 61,410 26.71
Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers.......................... 90,160 29.56 61,490 25.97
Athletic trainers................................................................ 26,070 (²) 54,650 (²)
Genetic counselors............................................................... 2,740 41.65 86,640 38.54
Surgical assistants.............................................................. 17,250 28.45 59,170 23.23
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 44,100 31.19 64,880 28.25
Healthcare support occupations 6,603,680 16.02 33,330 14.37
Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and
psychiatric aides................................................................. 4,765,620 14.64 30,440 14.24
Home health and personal care aides............................................... 3,366,480 14.07 29,260 14.15
Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides.............................. 1,399,130 16.01 33,290 14.56
Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,314,830 15.99 33,250 14.57
Orderlies........................................................................ 45,160 16.08 33,440 14.42
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 39,140 16.65 34,640 14.55
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 181,410 25.91 53,900 27.87
Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 45,350 29.69 61,760 29.58
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 41,980 30.56 63,560 29.68
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 3,370 18.86 39,230 16.14
Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 136,050 24.65 51,280 23.64
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 93,660 29.20 60,740 29.42
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 42,390 14.60 30,370 14.04
Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,656,660 18.93 39,360 17.97
Massage therapists................................................................ 81,030 23.68 49,260 22.55
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,575,620 18.68 38,860 17.94
Dental assistants................................................................ 347,170 20.44 42,510 18.59
Medical assistants............................................................... 727,760 18.36 38,190 17.88
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 61,170 20.40 42,420 18.37
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 55,830 16.45 34,220 14.47
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 43,560 16.61 34,560 14.39
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 98,970 15.28 31,780 14.32
Phlebotomists.................................................................... 132,750 18.49 38,450 17.97
Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 108,410 19.56 40,690 18.14
Protective service occupations 3,385,030 25.68 53,420 22.40
Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 342,810 38.95 81,010 37.16
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 182,700 43.32 90,110 39.15
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 54,470 33.53 69,750 29.91
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 128,230 47.48 98,760 47.76
First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers..................... 80,890 40.03 83,270 37.61
Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers.................. 79,230 27.75 57,730 25.23
First-line supervisors of security workers....................................... 55,450 26.48 55,080 24.15
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other.................. 23,780 30.73 63,910 29.33
Firefighting and prevention workers................................................ 334,670 26.88 55,910 24.49
Firefighters...................................................................... 317,310 26.58 55,290 24.38
Fire inspectors................................................................... 17,370 32.32 67,230 30.33
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 14,600 33.50 69,680 31.06
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 2,770 26.12 54,340 20.48
Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,200,060 31.91 66,370 29.42
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 409,020 25.66 53,380 23.04
Bailiffs......................................................................... 16,420 25.16 52,340 23.23
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 392,600 25.69 53,420 23.04
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 107,890 43.45 90,370 40.21
Fish and game wardens............................................................. 6,730 27.98 58,190 29.20
Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 7,450 22.14 46,050 22.40
Police officers................................................................... 668,970 34.01 70,740 31.06
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 665,380 34.02 70,750 31.06
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 3,590 33.45 69,570 31.21
Other protective service workers................................................... 1,507,480 17.44 36,280 15.17
Animal control workers............................................................ 11,600 20.49 42,620 18.83
Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 28,860 29.31 60,970 28.55
Security guards and gambling surveillance officers................................ 1,066,280 17.24 35,860 15.13
Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators........................ 9,190 18.31 38,080 17.04
Security guards.................................................................. 1,057,100 17.23 35,830 15.13
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 400,740 17.04 35,450 15.11
Crossing guards and flaggers..................................................... 82,690 17.15 35,670 15.12
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 114,320 13.14 27,320 12.32
Transportation security screeners................................................ 48,320 22.30 46,380 21.86
School bus monitors.............................................................. 55,310 14.53 30,220 13.99
Protective service workers, all other............................................ 100,110 20.27 42,160 18.37
Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,201,480 14.16 29,450 13.65
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 1,170,410 19.77 41,130 17.85
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 1,170,410 19.77 41,130 17.85
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 129,810 27.37 56,920 24.11
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 1,040,600 18.82 39,150 17.58
Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 3,281,610 14.13 29,380 13.99
Cooks............................................................................. 2,498,260 14.21 29,560 14.00
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 768,130 12.25 25,490 11.63
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 392,860 15.15 31,520 14.38
Cooks, private household......................................................... 440 20.80 43,260 20.63
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,193,860 15.21 31,630 14.43
Cooks, short order............................................................... 124,800 13.51 28,110 13.73
Cooks, all other................................................................. 18,170 16.05 33,390 14.77
Food preparation workers.......................................................... 783,350 13.85 28,810 13.84
Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 5,627,500 13.23 27,520 12.50
Bartenders........................................................................ 485,330 14.59 30,340 12.67
Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 3,095,120 12.53 26,060 12.07
Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 1,804,030 13.95 29,010 12.50
Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 243,030 14.19 29,500 13.81
Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,121,960 13.06 27,170 13.17
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 336,970 13.31 27,690 13.06
Dishwashers....................................................................... 377,040 13.15 27,350 13.52
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 324,690 12.50 26,000 11.83
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 83,240 13.83 28,760 14.00
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,108,810 16.23 33,750 14.54
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 270,020 23.38 48,620 22.42
First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 270,020 23.38 48,620 22.42
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 153,640 21.68 45,100 19.05
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 116,380 25.61 53,270 23.46
Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 2,862,840 15.19 31,590 14.25
Building cleaning workers......................................................... 2,777,470 15.05 31,310 14.20
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,036,680 15.32 31,860 14.31
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 723,430 14.22 29,580 13.84
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 17,350 18.52 38,530 16.51
Pest control workers.............................................................. 85,370 19.54 40,640 18.05
Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 975,950 17.29 35,960 17.05
Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 975,950 17.29 35,960 17.05
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 892,450 16.94 35,240 16.55
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 25,820 19.47 40,500 18.40
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 41,920 22.81 47,450 22.58
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 15,770 18.81 39,120 17.57
Personal care and service occupations 2,566,440 16.17 33,620 14.16
Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 187,400 22.57 46,950 21.67
First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers.................... 86,370 23.25 48,370 22.62
First-line supervisors of gambling services workers.............................. 19,510 25.28 52,590 23.63
First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except
gambling services............................................................... 66,860 22.66 47,130 21.57
First-line supervisors of personal service workers................................ 101,030 21.99 45,730 19.42
Animal care and service workers.................................................... 241,520 14.47 30,100 13.81
Animal trainers................................................................... 15,840 18.38 38,230 15.04
Animal caretakers................................................................. 225,680 14.19 29,520 13.75
Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 418,960 13.06 27,170 12.00
Gambling services workers......................................................... 82,860 14.11 29,340 12.32
Gambling dealers................................................................. 64,700 13.92 28,960 12.00
Gambling and sports book writers and runners..................................... 7,340 14.00 29,110 13.24
Gambling service workers, all other.............................................. 10,820 15.28 31,790 13.94
Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 1,620 15.85 32,970 14.11
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 54,970 12.69 26,390 11.75
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 279,510 12.81 26,650 11.93
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 262,170 12.55 26,110 11.78
Costume attendants............................................................... 3,380 26.25 54,590 23.00
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 9,670 14.53 30,220 13.74
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 4,290 14.27 29,680 11.62
Funeral service workers............................................................ 63,300 20.58 42,800 17.54
Embalmers and crematory operators................................................. 6,110 22.77 47,350 21.62
Embalmers........................................................................ 4,070 24.62 51,210 22.97
Crematory operators.............................................................. 2,040 19.07 39,660 18.03
Funeral attendants................................................................ 32,490 15.21 31,630 14.05
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers.................................... 24,700 27.10 56,360 23.53
Personal appearance workers........................................................ 481,530 16.99 35,350 14.22
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 298,880 17.30 35,980 14.27
Barbers.......................................................................... 12,910 17.16 35,700 14.41
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 285,980 17.30 35,990 14.26
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 182,640 16.50 34,310 14.16
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 1,960 59.80 124,380 64.78
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 120,540 14.65 30,480 14.05
Shampooers....................................................................... 9,560 12.09 25,160 11.75
Skincare specialists............................................................. 50,580 20.05 41,700 17.93
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 54,100 16.68 34,680 14.77
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 54,100 16.68 34,680 14.77
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 20,530 14.44 30,040 14.00
Concierges....................................................................... 33,560 18.04 37,520 16.93
Tour and travel guides............................................................. 30,980 15.96 33,200 14.32
Tour and travel guides............................................................ 30,980 15.96 33,200 14.32
Other personal care and service workers............................................ 1,088,670 15.99 33,260 14.20
Childcare workers................................................................. 438,520 13.31 27,680 13.22
Recreation and fitness workers.................................................... 485,620 18.43 38,340 14.87
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors.................................. 221,600 22.05 45,870 19.57
Recreation workers............................................................... 264,020 15.39 32,020 14.27
Residential advisors.............................................................. 92,500 16.81 34,950 15.01
Personal care and service workers, all other...................................... 72,030 14.80 30,790 14.24
Sales and related occupations 13,256,290 22.15 46,080 14.71
Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,387,190 26.38 54,880 22.52
First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,387,190 26.38 54,880 22.52
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,143,260 22.54 46,890 18.86
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 243,920 44.38 92,320 38.31
Retail sales workers............................................................... 7,665,410 14.45 30,060 13.79
Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,335,170 12.88 26,780 13.12
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,318,020 12.87 26,770 13.11
Gambling change persons and booth cashiers....................................... 17,150 14.00 29,130 13.75
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 636,750 17.54 36,480 15.28
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 371,620 17.39 36,170 15.06
Parts salespersons............................................................... 265,130 17.75 36,920 16.47
Retail salespersons............................................................... 3,693,490 15.35 31,920 14.00
Sales representatives, services.................................................... 2,009,700 35.95 74,770 29.11
Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 96,660 31.99 66,540 25.16
Insurance sales agents............................................................ 422,600 33.34 69,340 23.96
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 426,870 44.84 93,260 30.25
Travel agents..................................................................... 37,190 22.39 46,580 21.06
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial
services and travel.............................................................. 1,026,390 34.19 71,110 29.11
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,508,660 37.38 77,750 30.24
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,508,660 37.38 77,750 30.24
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products........................................................................ 266,160 49.40 102,750 45.60
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and
scientific products............................................................. 1,242,490 34.81 72,390 29.61
Other sales and related workers.................................................... 685,330 25.76 53,580 17.59
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 42,670 19.01 39,550 15.73
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 40,680 17.78 36,990 15.55
Models........................................................................... 2,000 (4) (4) (4)
Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 224,380 32.16 66,880 23.45
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 48,460 41.58 86,490 29.81
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 175,920 29.56 61,480 23.24
Sales engineers................................................................... 59,550 57.03 118,630 49.86
Telemarketers..................................................................... 115,130 14.74 30,670 13.90
Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 243,600 18.61 38,720 14.22
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 7,860 16.81 34,970 14.13
Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 235,740 18.67 38,840 14.22
Office and administrative support occupations 18,299,380 20.88 43,430 18.29
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,443,630 30.47 63,380 29.13
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,443,630 30.47 63,380 29.13
Communications equipment operators................................................. 53,400 16.98 35,310 14.77
Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 48,190 16.63 34,590 14.50
Telephone operators............................................................... 3,870 18.93 39,370 18.09
Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 1,340 23.79 49,470 22.60
Financial clerks................................................................... 2,768,230 20.84 43,340 18.67
Bill and account collectors....................................................... 212,900 19.85 41,280 18.13
Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 429,080 20.55 42,750 18.43
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,509,370 21.70 45,140 21.90
Gambling cage workers............................................................. 11,140 14.79 30,770 14.12
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 149,290 23.83 49,560 22.89
Procurement clerks................................................................ 61,930 21.60 44,930 21.71
Tellers........................................................................... 364,210 16.79 34,930 17.46
Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 30,310 23.00 47,830 22.55
Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,461,400 18.59 38,670 17.68
Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 39,980 27.75 57,710 25.96
Correspondence clerks............................................................. 7,060 20.06 41,710 18.23
Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 150,170 21.57 44,870 21.45
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 16,820 21.42 44,540 21.49
Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,787,070 18.79 39,070 17.75
Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 151,340 23.35 48,570 22.80
File clerks....................................................................... 85,460 17.70 36,820 17.48
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 220,380 13.48 28,040 13.50
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 169,840 18.67 38,840 17.89
Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 78,470 15.62 32,490 14.16
Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 238,610 21.59 44,910 22.09
New accounts clerks............................................................... 40,500 19.83 41,250 18.19
Order clerks...................................................................... 133,850 20.11 41,820 18.23
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 102,770 21.56 44,840 21.94
Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 983,150 15.82 32,910 14.40
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 100,860 21.94 45,630 19.18
Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 155,080 21.13 43,950 20.75
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 2,213,750 21.97 45,710 20.21
Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 85,750 23.28 48,420 22.55
Couriers and messengers........................................................... 68,310 16.48 34,270 15.89
Dispatchers....................................................................... 291,380 22.49 46,780 21.88
Public safety telecommunicators.................................................. 97,050 22.61 47,030 22.44
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 194,330 22.43 46,650 21.18
Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 24,000 22.81 47,430 21.98
Postal service workers............................................................ 527,000 25.71 53,480 24.87
Postal service clerks............................................................ 79,320 25.58 53,210 25.14
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 335,540 26.14 54,370 25.21
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 112,130 24.52 51,010 23.34
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 367,200 25.11 52,220 23.10
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks......................................... 795,360 18.37 38,210 17.74
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 54,760 19.01 39,540 18.08
Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,104,790 21.76 45,250 19.08
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,104,790 21.76 45,250 19.08
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 466,910 32.15 66,870 29.84
Legal secretaries and administrative assistants.................................. 155,250 25.26 52,540 22.94
Medical secretaries and administrative assistants................................ 656,640 19.11 39,740 18.01
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 1,825,980 19.75 41,080 18.21
Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,254,180 18.98 39,480 17.88
Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 189,100 18.07 37,590 17.72
Data entry keyers................................................................ 147,170 17.28 35,940 17.13
Word processors and typists...................................................... 41,930 20.85 43,370 21.17
Desktop publishers................................................................ 7,600 24.49 50,930 22.55
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 218,300 22.02 45,790 21.89
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 69,400 16.54 34,390 15.65
Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,578,180 18.75 38,990 17.81
Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 32,920 17.84 37,110 17.61
Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 5,340 22.12 46,010 21.12
Statistical assistants............................................................ 6,190 25.68 53,420 23.16
Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 147,140 20.47 42,580 18.22
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 452,490 16.70 34,730 14.36
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 25,770 26.18 54,450 23.38
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 25,770 26.18 54,450 23.38
Agricultural workers............................................................... 383,760 15.60 32,450 14.27
Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 13,630 22.80 47,430 21.70
Animal breeders................................................................... 950 20.81 43,270 19.28
Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 25,560 14.62 30,400 14.25
Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 343,630 15.37 31,980 14.27
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 26,180 17.44 36,280 17.48
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 277,200 15.11 31,440 14.25
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 34,140 15.46 32,150 14.25
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 6,100 17.88 37,190 15.65
Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 42,330 20.83 43,320 18.77
Forest and conservation workers................................................... 6,300 16.20 33,690 14.69
Logging workers................................................................... 36,030 21.63 45,000 22.27
Fallers.......................................................................... 4,170 25.85 53,760 22.94
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 25,510 21.14 43,960 22.31
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 3,260 19.96 41,520 18.18
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 3,080 21.84 45,430 22.16
Construction and extraction occupations 5,848,950 26.87 55,900 23.18
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 665,870 36.09 75,060 34.62
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 665,870 36.09 75,060 34.62
Construction trades workers........................................................ 4,362,080 26.03 54,140 23.01
Boilermakers...................................................................... 12,920 33.21 69,070 30.91
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 64,950 28.78 59,870 27.38
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 55,950 29.53 61,430 28.53
Stonemasons...................................................................... 9,000 24.12 50,170 22.89
Carpenters........................................................................ 668,060 26.53 55,190 23.20
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 83,600 24.95 51,890 22.74
Carpet installers................................................................ 19,790 23.42 48,710 22.42
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 18,300 25.90 53,880 23.11
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 4,340 21.34 44,380 18.82
Tile and stone setters........................................................... 41,160 25.64 53,330 22.99
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 189,240 24.52 51,000 22.77
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 186,600 24.47 50,900 22.76
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 2,640 28.07 58,380 23.40
Construction laborers............................................................. 968,760 21.22 44,130 18.16
Construction equipment operators.................................................. 452,780 26.87 55,890 23.22
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 44,200 24.32 50,590 22.58
Pile driver operators............................................................ 3,760 36.51 75,950 36.66
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 404,820 27.06 56,280 23.25
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 111,650 27.00 56,160 23.24
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 97,070 26.35 54,810 23.09
Tapers........................................................................... 14,580 31.32 65,140 29.37
Electricians...................................................................... 650,580 30.44 63,310 28.87
Glaziers.......................................................................... 52,700 24.98 51,950 22.68
Insulation workers................................................................ 58,370 24.18 50,300 22.48
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 30,360 21.54 44,810 19.17
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 28,010 27.05 56,260 23.20
Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 216,560 22.69 47,180 21.94
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 214,220 22.66 47,140 21.92
Paperhangers..................................................................... 2,340 24.79 51,560 22.89
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 450,940 29.93 62,250 28.51
Pipelayers....................................................................... 33,330 23.32 48,510 22.11
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 417,620 30.46 63,350 28.79
Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 26,980 26.35 54,810 23.24
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 16,420 28.35 58,960 23.48
Roofers........................................................................... 129,890 23.51 48,890 22.65
Sheet metal workers............................................................... 122,630 28.25 58,760 25.69
Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 68,620 29.46 61,270 28.15
Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 16,420 24.38 50,710 22.92
Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 206,900 17.95 37,340 17.55
Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 206,900 17.95 37,340 17.55
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 18,210 20.85 43,370 18.21
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 27,540 17.95 37,340 17.64
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 72,150 17.66 36,720 17.48
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 8,940 16.96 35,270 16.04
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 45,930 17.47 36,350 17.18
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 6,830 17.31 36,000 17.48
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 27,300 18.08 37,610 17.64
Other construction and related workers............................................. 430,760 26.28 54,670 23.04
Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 117,830 32.93 68,480 29.63
Elevator and escalator installers and repairers................................... 22,510 43.91 91,320 47.05
Fence erectors.................................................................... 24,470 19.78 41,140 18.12
Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 44,240 23.69 49,280 22.26
Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 141,150 21.32 44,340 22.06
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 21,030 29.22 60,770 29.66
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 28,620 21.82 45,390 21.54
Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 30,920 21.81 45,370 19.16
Extraction workers................................................................. 183,340 24.95 51,900 22.89
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas.................... 51,910 27.14 56,460 23.43
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 7,880 25.07 52,140 22.71
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 11,170 29.73 61,840 27.10
Service unit operators, oil and gas.............................................. 32,870 26.76 55,660 23.28
Surface mining machine operators and earth drillers............................... 51,520 24.52 51,000 22.78
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining............ 35,720 23.97 49,850 22.47
Earth drillers, except oil and gas............................................... 15,800 25.77 53,600 23.20
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters....................... 5,370 27.44 57,070 25.50
Underground mining machine operators.............................................. 24,200 27.85 57,920 28.77
Continuous mining machine operators.............................................. 14,740 27.61 57,430 28.99
Roof bolters, mining............................................................. 1,850 28.45 59,170 28.74
Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining......................... 4,450 27.56 57,330 27.84
Underground mining machine operators, all other.................................. 3,150 28.99 60,290 29.45
Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 4,450 20.02 41,630 18.12
Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 34,520 21.51 44,730 18.71
Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 5,980 19.65 40,860 18.15
Extraction workers, all other..................................................... 5,380 24.50 50,960 23.15
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,574,410 25.66 53,380 23.05
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 526,240 35.38 73,590 34.26
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 526,240 35.38 73,590 34.26
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 499,670 27.53 57,260 26.84
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 86,420 21.24 44,170 19.70
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 186,530 29.09 60,510 29.02
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 13,700 30.05 62,500 29.02
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 172,830 29.02 60,350 29.02
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................................ 226,720 28.65 59,590 28.26
Avionics technicians............................................................. 18,910 33.59 69,860 33.31
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 15,880 23.43 48,740 22.55
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 10,710 33.97 70,650 37.14
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 50,780 30.88 64,230 29.68
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 22,490 42.13 87,640 44.91
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 9,000 21.01 43,690 19.55
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers................................... 21,540 22.18 46,120 21.54
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 77,420 25.08 52,170 23.23
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,570,020 24.23 50,400 22.79
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 125,440 33.40 69,470 31.43
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 783,310 23.22 48,310 22.55
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 137,300 24.36 50,660 22.73
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 16,230 19.56 40,690 18.23
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 629,780 23.07 47,990 22.54
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 261,420 25.49 53,020 23.41
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 203,060 26.87 55,900 25.85
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 35,030 22.71 47,250 22.55
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 145,230 27.54 57,280 27.90
Rail car repairers............................................................... 22,800 29.04 60,400 28.97
Small engine mechanics............................................................ 72,800 20.53 42,690 18.78
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 23,080 22.43 46,660 22.46
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 15,020 20.18 41,970 18.35
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 34,700 19.41 40,360 18.05
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 123,980 16.51 34,340 14.60
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 14,760 16.52 34,360 16.68
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 16,030 21.60 44,930 20.94
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 93,180 15.63 32,520 14.22
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 2,978,490 24.39 50,730 22.71
Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 68,170 28.78 59,860 25.95
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 23,300 21.88 45,520 21.66
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 44,870 32.36 67,310 30.18
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 356,960 26.29 54,690 23.38
Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 28,120 21.80 45,340 21.31
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 470,650 28.05 58,350 28.55
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 373,090 28.26 58,780 28.77
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 57,660 25.75 53,570 23.51
Millwrights...................................................................... 39,240 29.45 61,260 29.00
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 660 26.33 54,760 26.08
Line installers and repairers..................................................... 225,460 34.37 71,500 35.83
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 123,940 38.01 79,060 37.65
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 101,530 29.93 62,250 28.94
Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 74,530 26.38 54,870 23.38
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 2,340 21.28 44,260 18.36
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 53,400 27.13 56,420 24.00
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 5,710 19.11 39,740 17.87
Watch and clock repairers........................................................ 1,970 21.86 45,460 21.27
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 11,110 28.40 59,070 27.73
Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,416,740 21.60 44,920 20.76
Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 10,100 28.16 58,580 27.05
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 327,750 21.01 43,710 18.28
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 27,540 20.20 42,010 18.77
Commercial divers................................................................ 2,670 39.43 82,010 29.02
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 15,380 22.98 47,810 22.55
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 3,530 17.23 35,830 17.48
Riggers.......................................................................... 17,980 25.05 52,100 23.14
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 8,090 35.68 74,220 38.73
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 88,480 16.87 35,090 15.91
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 164,070 21.82 45,380 20.46
Production occupations 8,408,030 20.71 43,070 18.13
Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 629,420 32.37 67,330 29.71
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 629,420 32.37 67,330 29.71
Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,769,890 18.75 39,000 17.87
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 33,320 26.63 55,380 23.79
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 283,010 19.11 39,740 18.01
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 11,090 20.41 42,460 18.44
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders,
tapers, and finishers........................................................... 271,920 19.05 39,630 18.01
Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 45,990 23.13 48,110 22.81
Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 61,070 21.99 45,730 21.87
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................. 17,380 19.40 40,360 18.10
Timing device assemblers and adjusters............................................ 560 21.48 44,670 18.16
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,328,550 18.17 37,780 17.59
Food processing workers............................................................ 795,640 16.27 33,830 14.66
Bakers............................................................................ 181,800 15.53 32,300 14.31
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 364,480 16.04 33,360 14.56
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 145,930 17.15 35,670 17.33
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 132,100 15.23 31,680 14.29
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 86,450 15.39 32,010 14.38
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 249,360 17.13 35,630 17.03
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 21,050 17.44 36,280 17.06
Food batchmakers................................................................. 155,240 17.40 36,190 17.20
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 26,710 17.03 35,430 17.26
Food processing workers, all other............................................... 46,360 16.16 33,600 15.33
Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,633,980 21.56 44,840 20.65
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 102,640 20.53 42,710 18.55
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 59,490 19.48 40,520 18.15
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 11,500 21.35 44,410 21.40
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 31,650 22.22 46,210 22.22
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 288,810 19.59 40,740 18.13
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 179,630 19.23 40,000 18.09
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 6,810 20.79 43,240 18.55
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................. 67,750 19.25 40,030 18.05
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 19,690 21.28 44,270 21.27
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 14,920 22.64 47,100 22.53
Machinists........................................................................ 333,220 23.57 49,020 22.95
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 22,110 22.11 45,990 22.42
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 15,540 22.33 46,440 22.45
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 6,570 21.59 44,910 22.04
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 5,780 26.80 55,740 23.79
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 3,690 28.40 59,080 26.75
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 2,090 23.96 49,840 23.12
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 176,820 18.13 37,720 17.59
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 13,610 19.22 39,980 18.13
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic..................................................................... 163,210 18.04 37,530 17.48
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 134,880 19.63 40,830 18.09
Tool and die makers............................................................... 63,630 26.99 56,150 27.41
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 427,580 23.04 47,910 22.55
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 397,600 23.21 48,290 22.60
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 29,980 20.65 42,950 18.55
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 78,530 19.68 40,940 18.09
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 14,540 19.98 41,560 18.49
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 6,840 25.16 52,340 24.85
Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 32,310 18.55 38,580 17.89
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 6,100 20.99 43,660 18.48
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 18,740 18.98 39,480 17.78
Printing workers................................................................... 211,930 19.55 40,660 18.13
Printing workers.................................................................. 211,930 19.55 40,660 18.13
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 25,840 21.06 43,800 20.49
Printing press operators......................................................... 145,290 19.77 41,120 18.16
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 40,810 17.82 37,060 17.59
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 445,950 15.00 31,210 14.14
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 157,400 13.38 27,830 13.63
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 26,910 13.52 28,110 13.79
Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 116,220 14.85 30,880 14.27
Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 9,240 15.84 32,950 14.31
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 5,620 16.77 34,890 15.12
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 3,610 14.38 29,920 13.73
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 21,450 16.65 34,630 14.99
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 4,170 15.07 31,350 14.39
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 17,270 17.03 35,430 15.11
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 56,700 15.92 33,110 14.45
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 6,240 15.36 31,940 14.39
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 11,970 15.91 33,100 14.41
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 16,330 16.17 33,640 16.34
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and
tenders......................................................................... 22,160 15.89 33,050 14.44
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 58,030 18.77 39,050 17.80
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and
glass fibers.................................................................... 14,040 19.52 40,600 18.05
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 3,220 30.81 64,070 28.20
Upholsterers..................................................................... 28,020 18.38 38,220 17.99
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 12,750 15.79 32,840 14.31
Woodworkers........................................................................ 230,400 18.04 37,520 17.64
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 93,070 19.27 40,070 18.05
Furniture finishers............................................................... 16,300 17.94 37,310 17.59
Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 550 27.19 56,560 27.60
Model makers, wood............................................................... 340 28.87 60,040 29.22
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 210 24.53 51,020 22.56
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 112,560 17.04 35,450 17.23
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 45,350 16.96 35,280 16.99
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 67,210 17.10 35,560 17.35
Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 7,910 17.35 36,080 17.12
Plant and system operators......................................................... 280,900 31.83 66,210 29.49
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 43,440 42.99 89,410 45.57
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 4,820 53.47 111,220 50.13
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 9,660 45.92 95,520 47.37
Power plant operators............................................................ 28,960 40.26 83,740 38.87
Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 29,820 33.90 70,510 30.53
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 121,150 25.15 52,320 23.02
Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 86,500 34.88 72,540 36.86
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 21,740 33.18 69,020 33.75
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 15,110 37.01 76,970 37.43
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 34,230 38.70 80,500 38.24
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 15,420 26.67 55,480 24.16
Other production occupations....................................................... 2,409,900 20.11 41,820 18.13
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 154,790 24.40 50,760 22.88
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 106,170 25.22 52,450 23.12
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders.......................................................... 48,620 22.62 47,060 22.13
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 155,920 20.14 41,900 18.35
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 31,800 20.57 42,790 18.63
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 15,680 17.30 35,990 17.15
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 108,440 20.43 42,490 18.47
Cutting workers................................................................... 63,850 18.90 39,300 18.10
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 7,920 16.51 34,330 14.54
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 55,930 19.23 40,010 18.18
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and
tenders.......................................................................... 56,570 19.25 40,050 18.10
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 14,180 21.11 43,910 21.01
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 551,380 21.54 44,810 18.55
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 24,350 22.64 47,090 22.42
Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians.... 68,380 21.52 44,770 18.79
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 34,150 22.75 47,320 22.00
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 15,300 22.27 46,320 21.77
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 18,930 18.71 38,910 17.92
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 358,640 17.67 36,750 17.29
Painting workers.................................................................. 157,250 20.90 43,480 18.59
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 11,850 18.39 38,250 17.95
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 145,410 21.11 43,900 18.81
Semiconductor processing technicians.............................................. 24,020 22.07 45,910 19.17
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 5,740 19.37 40,300 17.59
Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers.................... 183,630 23.32 48,500 22.78
Computer numerically controlled tool operators................................... 157,840 22.23 46,240 22.42
Computer numerically controlled tool programmers................................. 25,800 29.98 62,360 29.22
Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 591,200 17.75 36,920 17.23
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 12,510 18.55 38,580 18.09
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 13,580 17.22 35,820 16.87
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 7,500 20.63 42,910 19.42
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 7,110 17.77 36,970 17.59
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 38,420 18.76 39,020 18.03
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 87,480 21.24 44,180 21.55
Tire builders.................................................................... 17,240 23.00 47,840 23.05
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 202,860 15.82 32,910 14.42
Production workers, all other.................................................... 204,500 17.42 36,230 15.83
Transportation and material moving occupations 12,639,920 19.88 41,340 17.72
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 557,850 28.19 58,630 26.36
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.............. 557,850 28.19 58,630 26.36
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................. 8,590 29.84 62,080 25.74
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except
aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................. 549,260 28.16 58,580 26.37
Air transportation workers......................................................... 254,820 (²) 119,590 (²)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 124,080 (²) 169,540 (²)
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 81,310 (²) 198,190 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 42,770 (²) 115,080 (²)
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 33,830 48.32 100,510 43.56
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 21,230 61.50 127,920 62.38
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 12,610 26.13 54,360 23.02
Flight attendants................................................................. 96,900 (²) 62,280 (²)
Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 4,147,650 21.31 44,330 20.52
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 11,710 14.93 31,060 14.00
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 3,390,490 21.85 45,460 21.91
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 477,020 15.37 31,970 14.08
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,903,420 24.20 50,340 23.23
Light truck drivers.............................................................. 1,010,040 20.50 42,630 18.40
Passenger vehicle drivers......................................................... 696,760 19.06 39,640 18.05
Bus drivers, school.............................................................. 361,420 18.63 38,750 18.23
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 145,720 24.67 51,310 23.37
Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs................................................... 175,660 15.66 32,570 14.42
Taxi drivers..................................................................... 13,950 14.45 30,050 14.09
Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 48,690 17.51 36,410 14.71
Rail transportation workers........................................................ 119,120 32.85 68,330 30.85
Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 43,440 34.33 71,410 37.83
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 38,980 35.07 72,940 38.34
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 4,460 27.92 58,070 29.37
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers................ 16,200 30.31 63,050 30.69
Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 48,030 32.21 66,990 30.75
Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 10,310 34.38 71,520 39.03
Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 1,140 26.03 54,140 22.88
Water transportation workers....................................................... 70,480 38.84 80,780 30.17
Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 26,610 27.79 57,800 22.46
Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 36,220 45.31 94,250 38.47
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 33,490 47.27 98,330 39.25
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 2,740 21.35 44,410 18.59
Ship engineers.................................................................... 7,650 46.59 96,910 39.62
Other transportation workers....................................................... 286,680 17.26 35,900 14.39
Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 4,040 21.52 44,760 21.82
Parking attendants................................................................ 91,160 14.04 29,210 14.06
Transportation service attendants................................................. 123,660 14.81 30,810 14.22
Automotive and watercraft service attendants..................................... 111,480 14.40 29,960 14.10
Aircraft service attendants...................................................... 12,170 18.58 38,640 17.50
Traffic technicians............................................................... 7,770 25.58 53,210 23.37
Transportation inspectors......................................................... 25,070 37.32 77,620 38.35
Passenger attendants.............................................................. 21,240 16.53 34,380 14.65
Transportation workers, all other................................................. 13,750 19.23 39,990 17.73
Material moving workers............................................................ 7,203,320 16.78 34,900 14.91
Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 28,650 17.80 37,010 17.51
Crane and tower operators......................................................... 43,400 31.38 65,270 29.92
Dredge operators.................................................................. 1,650 24.29 50,530 22.22
Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 2,610 28.10 58,450 25.14
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 758,290 19.69 40,950 18.45
Laborers and material movers...................................................... 6,178,560 16.14 33,570 14.58
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 351,960 14.69 30,550 14.08
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,729,010 16.80 34,950 15.02
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 60,880 17.63 36,660 17.79
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 585,270 14.88 30,950 14.39
Stockers and order fillers....................................................... 2,451,430 15.87 33,020 14.48
Pumping station operators......................................................... 29,550 30.09 62,590 29.85
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 2,910 32.27 67,130 34.00
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 10,600 26.15 54,400 23.84
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 16,040 32.29 67,170 30.64
Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 126,050 20.57 42,780 18.51
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 12,090 26.60 55,330 23.75
Material moving workers, all other................................................ 22,470 19.32 40,190 17.38
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080
hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly
calculated from the reported survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or
annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage equal to or greater than $100.00 per hour.
4 Estimate not released.
United States Department of Labor
