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For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, April 1, 2014 USDL-14-0528 Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2013 Retail salespersons and cashiers were the occupations with the largest employment in May 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These two occupations combined made up nearly 6 percent of total U.S. employment, with employment levels of 4.5 million and 3.3 million, respectively. National employment and wage information for all occupations is shown in table 1. The data in this release are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program, which provides employment and wage estimates by area and by industry for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups, 94 minor occupational groups, 458 broad occupations, and 821 detailed occupations. Occupations --The 10 largest occupations accounted for 21 percent of total employment in May 2013. In addition to retail salespersons and cashiers, the largest occupations included combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food; general office clerks; registered nurses; waiters and waitresses; and customer service representatives. --Most of the largest occupations were relatively low paying. Of the 10 largest occupations, only registered nurses, with an annual mean wage of $68,910, had an average wage above the U.S. all-occupations mean of $22.33 per hour or $46,440 annually. Annual mean wages for the rest of the 10 largest occupations ranged from $18,880 for combined food preparation and serving workers to $34,000 for secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive. --Office and administrative support was the largest occupational group, making up about 16 percent of total U.S. employment. The next largest groups were sales and related occupations and food preparation and serving related occupations, which made up nearly 11 percent and 9 percent of U.S. employment, respectively. Seven of the 10 largest occupations were in one of these three groups. Legal occupations and life, physical, and social science occupations were among the smallest occupational groups, each making up less than 1 percent of total employment. --The highest paying occupational groups were management, legal, computer and mathematical, and architecture and engineering occupations. Most detailed occupations in these groups were also high paying. For example, all 19 computer and mathematical occupations had average wages above the U.S. all-occupations mean, ranging from $50,450 for computer user support specialists to $109,260 for computer and information research scientists. (See table 1.) --The lowest paying occupational groups were food preparation and serving related; farming, fishing, and forestry; personal care and service; building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; and healthcare support occupations. Annual mean wages for these groups ranged from $21,580 for food preparation and serving related occupations to $28,300 for healthcare support occupations. With few exceptions, the detailed occupations in these groups had below-average wages. For example, occupational therapy assistants and physical therapy assistants were the only healthcare support occupations with mean wages above the U.S. all-occupations mean. (See table 1.) Occupational profiles for all occupations are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_stru.htm. Private and government employers --The private sector accounted for over 90 percent of employment in more than half of the 821 detailed occupations, including 6 of the 10 largest occupations in the U.S. Almost all of the 4.5 million retail sales workers, 3.3 million cashiers, and 2.4 million waiters and waitresses were employed in the private sector. Among the 10 largest occupations in the private sector, general and operations managers and registered nurses had the highest wages, with annual mean wages of $117,210 and $69,060, respectively. --Five of the 6 largest occupations in the public sector were teaching occupations: elementary school teachers, except special education; middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education; secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education; teacher assistants; and substitute teachers. Over 75 percent of employment in each of these occupations was in the public sector, and for each, over 95 percent of their public sector employment was in local govern- ment. Other occupations with a large share of employment in local government included firefighters, police and sheriff's patrol officers, and water and wastewater treat- ment plant and system operators. --Correctional officers and jailers; general office clerks; registered nurses; and secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive were the largest occupations in state government. Combined, these four occupations accounted for 15 percent of all state government employment. Other large occupations in state government included graduate teaching assistants and postsecondary health specialties teachers. --Three of the 5 largest occupations in the federal government were specific to the U.S. Postal Service--postal service mail carriers; postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators; and postal service clerks--which combined accounted for 19 percent of federal employment. Also among the largest federal government occupations were registered nurses, management analysts, compliance officers, and transportation security screeners. OES data by ownership are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/ oessrci.htm. Industries --Health care and social assistance was the industry sector with the largest employment in May 2013. Four major occupational groups made up about 77 percent of employment within this industry sector: healthcare practitioners and technical, healthcare support, office and administrative support, and personal care and service. Registered nurses, nursing assistants, and personal care aides were the largest detailed occupations in the health care and social assistance sector, with about 2.3 million, 1.3 million, and 1.0 million jobs, respectively. Nearly 71 percent of registered nurses in the health care and social assistance sector were employed in hospitals, about 62 percent of nursing assistants in the sector were employed by nursing and residential care facilities, and about 47 percent of personal care aides in the sector were employed in the social assistance subsector. --Other large industry sectors in May 2013 included retail trade, educational services, accommodation and food services, and manufacturing. More than half of retail trade employment was in just three occupations: retail salespersons, cashiers, and stock clerks and order fillers. Education, training, and library occupations and office and administrative support occupations made up about 69 percent of employment in the educational services sector, including 7 of the 10 largest occupations within the sector. Food preparation and serving related occupations made up nearly 81 percent of employment in the accommodation and food services sector and production occupations made up over half of employment in manufacturing. --In industries with the highest mean wages, the largest occupations tended to have wages well above average. For example, the two largest occupations in securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage--securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents, and personal financial advisors--had annual mean wages of $130,800 and $104,900, respectively. These two occupations combined made up about 41 percent of total industry employment. Similarly, the largest occupa- tions in computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing included systems software developers, applications software developers, and computer hardware engineers, which had annual mean wages ranging from $108,140 to $112,080. --Restaurants and other eating places had the lowest mean wage of any industry in May 2013 at $21,720. Eleven of the 12 largest detailed occupations in this industry had wages that averaged less than $23,000. Several of the lowest-paying industries were in the retail trade sector, including gasoline stations, clothing stores, and department stores. Cashiers, with an annual mean wage of $18,930, made up 66 percent of employment in gasoline stations. Retail salespersons was the largest occupation in both clothing stores and department stores, with mean wages of $21,890 and $21,950, respectively. OES data by industry are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current /oessrci.htm. States and areas --States with high total employment tended to have the highest employment of many detailed occupations. For example, Florida, New York, and California had the highest employment of baggage porters and bellhops. However, smaller states often had higher-than-average shares of employment for particular occupations. For example, Nevada had nearly 8 times the concentration of baggage porters and bellhops and Hawaii had nearly 7 times the concentration when compared to the U.S. --Similarly, the largest metropolitan areas tended to have the highest numbers of jobs in many detailed occupations, but smaller metropolitan areas often had higher concentrations of specific occupations. For example, New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa., had the highest employment of rehabilitation counselors, although the concentration of this occupation in the metropolitan area was about average. On the other hand, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, had a concen- tration of rehabilitation counselors roughly 8 times that of the U.S. and Mount Vernon-Anacortes, Wash., had nearly 7 times the concentration. --Wages for occupations also varied considerably across states and metropolitan areas. For example, annual mean wages for advertising sales agents ranged from $32,220 in Wyoming and $35,800 in Louisiana, to $70,080 in Connecticut and $76,470 in New York. Wages for this occupation varied even more by area than by state: among metropolitan areas with at least 100 advertising sales agents, annual mean wages ranged from $26,880 in Joplin, Mo., and $27,410 in Lake Charles, La., to $80,840 in New York-White Plains-Wayne, N.Y.-N.J., and $96,760 in Danbury, Conn. OES data, including location quotients, by state and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan area are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm, respectively.
Technical Note Scope of the survey The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. OES data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation; over 500 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), metropolitan divisions, nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels; and national estimates by ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals. The OES survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of the data. OES estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Each year, forms are mailed to two semiannual panels of approximately 200,000 sampled establishments, one panel in May and the other in November. May 2013 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2013, November 2012, May 2012, November 2011, May 2011, and November 2010. The overall national response rate for the six panels is 75.3 percent based on establishments and 71.6 percent based on employment. The unweighted employment of sampled establish- ments across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57.5 percent of total national employment. (Response rates are slightly lower for these estimates due to the Federal shutdown in October 2013.) The occupational coding system The OES survey categorizes workers into 821 detailed occupations based on the 2010 Office of Management and Budget’s Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Together, these detailed occupations make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is not included. For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/. The industry coding system The May 2013 OES estimates are based on the 2012 North American Industry Classifi- cation System (NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm. The OES survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception of logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and support activities for animal production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814) also are excluded. OES federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local government, are covered by the survey. The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family workers. Survey sample The OES survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files. Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report to the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metro- politan and nonmetropolitan area, industry, and size. To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be selected than smaller employers. An annual census is taken of the executive branch of the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and state government. Concepts Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an occupation. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station, regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck. Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate; cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including commissions and production bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded are overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements. OES receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and some state governments. For the remaining establishments, the OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. For each occupation, respondents are asked to report the number of employees paid within specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishments are instructed to report the hourly rate for part- time workers, and to report annual rates for occu- pations that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as teachers, pilots, and flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage is reported. Estimation methodology The OES survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data collected over a 3-year period. Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The full six-panel sample of nearly 1.2 million establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation. Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's reference period. The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average movement of its broader occupational division. Imputation. About 20 to 25 percent of establishments do not respond for a given panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to impute missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation is used to impute missing wage distributions. Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to represent all establishments for the reference period. Weights are further adjusted by the ratio of employment totals (the average of November 2012 and May 2013 employment) from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to employment totals from the OES survey. For more information Answers to frequently asked questions about the OES data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed technical information about the OES survey is available in our Survey Methods and Reliability Statement on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/methods_statement.pdf.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2013 Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly Hourly Annual¹ All occupations 132,588,810 $22.33 $46,440 $16.87 Management occupations 6,542,950 53.15 110,550 45.96 Top executives..................................................................... 2,278,260 58.18 121,010 48.22 Chief executives.................................................................. 248,760 85.77 178,400 82.50 General and operations managers................................................... 1,973,700 55.81 116,090 46.36 Legislators....................................................................... 55,800 (²) 39,320 (²) Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 608,470 59.92 124,640 53.55 Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 28,530 54.27 112,870 45.13 Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 526,220 60.88 126,640 54.61 Marketing managers............................................................... 174,010 64.28 133,700 59.24 Sales managers................................................................... 352,220 59.21 123,150 52.18 Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 53,730 53.49 111,260 47.45 Operations specialties managers.................................................... 1,582,020 54.88 114,160 49.60 Administrative services managers.................................................. 269,500 43.36 90,190 39.57 Computer and information systems managers......................................... 319,080 63.74 132,570 59.59 Financial managers................................................................ 499,320 60.89 126,660 54.18 Industrial production managers.................................................... 165,340 47.78 99,370 43.65 Purchasing managers............................................................... 69,620 52.71 109,640 49.89 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 102,610 43.86 91,220 40.33 Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 17,570 53.87 112,040 48.79 Human resources managers.......................................................... 110,650 53.45 111,180 48.46 Training and development managers................................................. 28,340 51.81 107,770 47.50 Other management occupations....................................................... 2,074,200 44.32 92,180 40.21 Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 3,770 35.20 73,210 33.71 Construction managers............................................................. 213,720 44.57 92,700 40.58 Education administrators.......................................................... 431,540 42.68 88,780 40.31 Education administrators, preschool and childcare center/program................. 47,560 25.00 52,010 21.58 Education administrators, elementary and secondary school........................ 226,760 (²) 90,670 (²) Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 126,340 48.37 100,600 42.02 Education administrators, all other.............................................. 30,880 39.99 83,170 37.20 Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 183,430 65.65 136,540 61.62 Food service managers............................................................. 191,030 25.54 53,130 23.12 Funeral service managers.......................................................... 8,810 38.58 80,250 32.89 Gaming managers................................................................... 4,460 35.46 73,760 31.83 Lodging managers.................................................................. 30,950 26.83 55,810 22.51 Medical and health services managers.............................................. 300,180 48.72 101,340 43.72 Natural sciences managers......................................................... 51,900 63.87 132,850 56.17 Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 17,930 31.89 66,340 31.32 Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 165,960 30.90 64,270 25.58 Social and community service managers............................................. 115,330 31.61 65,750 29.40 Emergency management directors.................................................... 9,800 32.28 67,150 30.18 Managers, all other............................................................... 345,390 52.11 108,380 49.78 Business and financial operations occupations 6,658,090 34.14 71,020 30.67 Business operations specialists.................................................... 4,137,510 33.19 69,030 30.36 Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 11,680 46.35 96,410 31.01 Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 408,060 29.76 61,900 27.71 Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products...................................... 11,290 29.07 60,470 26.66 Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products................................ 112,290 27.99 58,210 25.18 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products................... 284,480 30.49 63,420 28.74 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 288,680 29.99 62,370 29.43 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 275,500 29.97 62,340 29.42 Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 13,180 30.34 63,100 29.65 Compliance officers............................................................... 236,090 32.10 66,770 30.93 Cost estimators................................................................... 202,600 30.61 63,660 28.59 Human resources workers........................................................... 503,940 29.21 60,760 27.09 Human resources specialists...................................................... 426,570 29.60 61,560 27.23 Farm labor contractors........................................................... 1,210 20.63 42,920 17.03 Labor relations specialists...................................................... 76,160 27.20 56,590 26.27 Logisticians...................................................................... 120,340 36.70 76,330 35.29 Management analysts............................................................... 567,840 43.26 89,990 38.40 Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 73,290 24.13 50,190 22.24 Fundraisers....................................................................... 50,530 27.05 56,270 24.80 Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 81,520 30.44 63,310 28.76 Training and development specialists.............................................. 224,110 29.22 60,780 27.33 Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 430,350 32.59 67,780 29.23 Business operations specialists, all other........................................ 938,480 34.42 71,590 31.78 Financial specialists.............................................................. 2,520,580 35.71 74,270 31.20 Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,168,330 34.86 72,500 31.29 Appraisers and assessors of real estate........................................... 60,210 27.42 57,040 24.53 Budget analysts................................................................... 58,740 34.89 72,560 33.71 Credit analysts................................................................... 66,490 34.90 72,590 30.78 Financial analysts and advisors................................................... 526,630 43.62 90,730 35.86 Financial analysts............................................................... 250,670 44.05 91,620 37.68 Personal financial advisors...................................................... 183,420 48.04 99,920 36.21 Insurance underwriters........................................................... 92,540 33.71 70,110 30.66 Financial examiners............................................................... 30,680 41.82 86,980 36.97 Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 329,570 33.43 69,540 28.41 Credit counselors................................................................ 27,710 21.62 44,960 19.37 Loan officers.................................................................... 301,860 34.52 71,800 29.53 Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 132,600 23.84 49,590 21.25 Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 64,790 26.98 56,120 24.33 Tax preparers.................................................................... 67,810 20.84 43,350 16.98 Financial specialists, all other.................................................. 147,330 32.76 68,130 30.05 Computer and mathematical occupations 3,696,180 39.43 82,010 37.43 Computer occupations............................................................... 3,573,120 39.36 81,860 37.42 Computer and information research scientists...................................... 24,380 52.53 109,260 51.10 Computer and information analysts................................................. 585,120 41.40 86,100 39.46 Computer systems analysts........................................................ 507,100 41.02 85,320 39.03 Information security analysts.................................................... 78,020 43.85 91,210 42.59 Software developers and programmers............................................... 1,442,500 44.63 92,820 42.88 Computer programmers............................................................. 312,340 38.91 80,930 36.60 Software developers, applications................................................ 643,830 46.28 96,260 44.55 Software developers, systems software............................................ 373,510 50.23 104,480 48.75 Web developers................................................................... 112,820 32.47 67,540 30.37 Database and systems administrators and network architects........................ 618,480 39.88 82,960 37.93 Database administrators.......................................................... 114,910 38.82 80,740 37.75 Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 362,310 37.46 77,910 35.58 Computer network architects...................................................... 141,270 46.97 97,700 45.85 Computer support specialists...................................................... 706,360 25.80 53,660 23.64 Computer user support specialists................................................ 541,250 24.26 50,450 22.41 Computer network support specialists............................................. 165,100 30.85 64,160 28.93 Computer occupations, all other................................................... 196,280 40.02 83,240 39.59 Mathematical science occupations................................................... 123,070 41.57 86,470 37.72 Actuaries......................................................................... 20,080 51.80 107,740 45.35 Mathematicians.................................................................... 3,030 49.67 103,310 49.25 Operations research analysts...................................................... 72,680 39.26 81,660 35.88 Statisticians..................................................................... 24,950 40.05 83,310 38.12 Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations.................................... 2,330 31.22 64,930 27.70 Mathematical technicians......................................................... 1,080 28.97 60,260 26.07 Mathematical science occupations, all other...................................... 1,240 33.18 69,000 29.24 Architecture and engineering occupations 2,380,840 38.51 80,100 35.83 Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 153,200 34.51 71,790 32.46 Architects, except naval.......................................................... 100,550 37.43 77,850 34.92 Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 84,210 38.29 79,650 35.63 Landscape architects............................................................. 16,330 32.97 68,570 31.15 Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 52,650 28.95 60,210 27.47 Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 11,290 30.07 62,540 28.29 Surveyors........................................................................ 41,360 28.64 59,570 27.21 Engineers.......................................................................... 1,547,580 44.31 92,170 41.96 Aerospace engineers............................................................... 71,500 50.70 105,450 49.94 Agricultural engineers............................................................ 2,590 37.92 78,880 35.79 Biomedical engineers.............................................................. 19,890 45.18 93,960 42.63 Chemical engineers................................................................ 33,300 50.16 104,340 46.02 Civil engineers................................................................... 262,170 41.17 85,640 38.83 Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 77,670 51.41 106,930 50.12 Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 303,450 45.86 95,380 43.92 Electrical engineers............................................................. 168,100 44.89 93,380 42.88 Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 135,350 47.05 97,870 45.31 Environmental engineers........................................................... 53,020 41.12 85,520 39.53 Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 254,430 40.00 83,190 38.55 Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 23,850 39.10 81,320 37.89 Industrial engineers............................................................. 230,580 40.09 83,390 38.61 Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 6,640 45.21 94,040 43.05 Materials engineers............................................................... 24,190 43.23 89,930 41.98 Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 258,630 41.31 85,930 39.47 Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 7,990 46.61 96,950 41.76 Nuclear engineers................................................................. 16,400 51.38 106,860 48.85 Petroleum engineers............................................................... 34,910 71.72 149,180 63.62 Engineers, all other.............................................................. 120,810 45.34 94,310 44.56 Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 680,070 26.20 54,490 25.21 Drafters.......................................................................... 196,460 25.79 53,640 24.43 Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 88,860 24.64 51,250 23.46 Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 29,600 29.01 60,350 27.53 Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 63,180 26.21 54,510 24.77 Drafters, all other.............................................................. 14,820 24.49 50,930 22.92 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................................... 435,650 26.96 56,080 26.22 Aerospace engineering and operations technicians................................. 10,540 30.07 62,540 30.14 Civil engineering technicians.................................................... 69,830 23.74 49,380 22.97 Electrical and electronics engineering technicians............................... 141,150 28.26 58,770 28.15 Electro-mechanical technicians................................................... 15,540 26.04 54,160 24.68 Environmental engineering technicians............................................ 18,020 23.64 49,180 22.19 Industrial engineering technicians............................................... 68,520 26.04 54,170 25.01 Mechanical engineering technicians............................................... 46,090 26.09 54,280 25.19 Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other.............................. 65,960 29.78 61,940 29.12 Surveying and mapping technicians ................................................ 47,950 20.93 43,540 19.55 Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,135,030 $33.37 $69,400 $29.26 Life scientists.................................................................... 277,080 38.11 79,270 33.78 Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 30,490 31.17 64,830 28.63 Animal scientists................................................................ 2,320 35.06 72,930 30.89 Food scientists and technologists................................................ 15,010 31.41 65,340 28.67 Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 13,160 30.21 62,830 28.36 Biological scientists............................................................. 100,620 37.32 77,630 34.04 Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 29,110 44.06 91,640 40.54 Microbiologists.................................................................. 19,880 36.17 75,230 32.61 Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 18,530 30.10 62,610 27.61 Biological scientists, all other................................................. 33,100 36.14 75,160 34.96 Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 27,810 29.76 61,890 28.55 Conservation scientists.......................................................... 18,590 30.45 63,330 29.43 Foresters........................................................................ 9,220 28.37 59,000 27.46 Medical scientists................................................................ 109,620 42.98 89,390 37.90 Epidemiologists.................................................................. 5,350 35.11 73,040 31.89 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 104,280 43.38 90,230 38.39 Life scientists, all other........................................................ 8,550 36.97 76,900 32.18 Physical scientists................................................................ 276,740 40.53 84,300 36.32 Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 19,090 55.98 116,440 52.95 Astronomers...................................................................... 1,750 53.09 110,440 53.10 Physicists....................................................................... 17,340 56.27 117,040 52.94 Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 10,800 42.38 88,140 41.84 Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 94,950 37.88 78,780 35.32 Chemists......................................................................... 87,560 37.37 77,740 34.79 Materials scientists............................................................. 7,400 43.83 91,160 42.63 Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 128,610 39.11 81,360 34.03 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 87,380 34.02 70,770 31.29 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 34,690 52.12 108,420 44.19 Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,540 38.11 79,260 36.40 Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 23,290 45.65 94,950 44.82 Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 237,770 35.92 74,700 33.61 Economists........................................................................ 17,230 48.78 101,450 44.75 Survey researchers................................................................ 17,370 25.58 53,210 22.94 Psychologists..................................................................... 116,390 35.73 74,310 33.42 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists................................... 104,480 34.96 72,710 32.58 Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 1,040 42.29 87,960 38.62 Psychologists, all other......................................................... 10,870 42.50 88,400 43.82 Sociologists...................................................................... 2,690 37.56 78,120 34.82 Urban and regional planners....................................................... 35,940 32.66 67,920 31.56 Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 48,160 37.84 78,700 35.99 Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 6,560 29.53 61,420 28.06 Geographers...................................................................... 1,480 36.09 75,070 35.94 Historians....................................................................... 3,200 28.85 60,010 26.53 Political scientists............................................................. 5,570 48.51 100,900 48.52 Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 31,360 38.68 80,450 36.91 Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 343,440 22.00 45,770 20.16 Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 19,390 17.79 37,010 16.72 Biological technicians............................................................ 71,590 21.02 43,710 19.57 Chemical technicians.............................................................. 63,880 22.40 46,590 20.82 Geological and petroleum technicians.............................................. 15,190 28.26 58,780 25.68 Nuclear technicians............................................................... 6,930 35.31 73,450 34.91 Social science research assistants................................................ 26,830 19.92 41,430 18.42 Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 139,630 21.97 45,710 20.33 Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 34,510 21.86 45,470 20.05 Forensic science technicians..................................................... 13,430 27.57 57,340 26.13 Forest and conservation technicians.............................................. 29,740 18.13 37,720 16.79 Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 61,950 22.67 47,150 21.25 Community and social service occupations 1,901,730 21.50 44,710 19.62 Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 1,830,190 21.49 44,690 19.62 Counselors........................................................................ 601,300 22.99 47,820 21.29 Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors............................... 83,120 19.75 41,090 18.57 Educational, guidance, school, and vocational counselors......................... 241,870 27.00 56,160 25.77 Marriage and family therapists................................................... 29,060 24.85 51,690 23.15 Mental health counselors......................................................... 115,580 21.01 43,700 19.51 Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 103,840 18.10 37,660 16.46 Counselors, all other............................................................ 27,830 22.28 46,330 20.97 Social workers.................................................................... 591,240 23.25 48,370 21.66 Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 276,760 22.14 46,060 20.25 Healthcare social workers........................................................ 141,830 25.25 52,520 24.44 Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 110,010 21.36 44,420 19.70 Social workers, all other........................................................ 62,640 26.95 56,060 27.17 Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 637,660 18.44 38,350 16.51 Health educators................................................................. 56,720 25.87 53,800 23.66 Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 86,810 25.44 52,910 23.29 Social and human service assistants.............................................. 355,500 15.04 31,280 14.05 Community health workers......................................................... 45,800 18.10 37,640 16.64 Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 92,830 20.52 42,690 19.26 Religious workers.................................................................. 71,540 21.70 45,130 19.65 Clergy............................................................................ 45,020 22.86 47,540 21.06 Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 18,600 21.27 44,240 18.35 Religious workers, all other...................................................... 7,920 16.11 33,520 13.82 Legal occupations 1,041,700 47.89 99,620 36.59 Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 651,840 61.57 128,070 53.66 Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 603,560 62.78 130,580 54.24 Lawyers.......................................................................... 592,670 63.46 131,990 54.95 Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 10,890 25.91 53,890 22.90 Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 48,280 46.48 96,690 44.96 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 14,270 43.09 89,630 41.92 Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 6,830 36.94 76,840 29.06 Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 27,190 50.66 105,380 56.80 Legal support workers.............................................................. 389,860 25.02 52,040 22.76 Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 271,320 24.60 51,170 22.87 Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 118,540 25.97 54,020 22.54 Court reporters.................................................................. 19,200 26.33 54,760 23.83 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 53,640 22.76 47,340 20.59 Legal support workers, all other................................................. 45,700 29.60 61,560 25.27 Education, training, and library occupations 8,400,640 24.76 51,500 22.19 Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,511,280 (²) 74,620 (²) Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 85,220 (²) 89,100 (²) Math and computer teachers, postsecondary......................................... 89,740 (²) 76,910 (²) Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 35,770 (²) 80,990 (²) Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 53,970 (²) 74,210 (²) Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 42,210 (²) 98,930 (²) Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 7,340 (²) 80,180 (²) Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 34,870 (²) 102,880 (²) Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 62,500 (²) 86,860 (²) Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 10,120 (²) 86,710 (²) Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 50,230 (²) 87,080 (²) Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 2,140 (²) 82,620 (²) Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 50,650 (²) 87,330 (²) Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 10,690 (²) 90,830 (²) Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 20,820 (²) 83,330 (²) Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 5,130 (²) 87,450 (²) Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 14,010 (²) 90,570 (²) Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 119,940 (²) 80,500 (²) Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,920 (²) 83,190 (²) Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 9,700 (²) 77,550 (²) Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,600 (²) 100,490 (²) Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 4,400 (²) 73,980 (²) Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 17,660 (²) 84,110 (²) Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 40,380 (²) 76,060 (²) Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 17,200 (²) 74,470 (²) Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 11,080 (²) 79,490 (²) Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 220,120 (²) 96,760 (²) Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 163,850 (²) 105,880 (²) Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 56,270 (²) 70,200 (²) Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 67,860 (²) 66,150 (²) Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 63,190 (²) 65,630 (²) Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,670 (²) 73,260 (²) Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 41,240 (²) 87,190 (²) Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 14,870 (²) 61,850 (²) Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 15,600 (²) 122,280 (²) Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 10,780 (²) 71,380 (²) Arts, communications, and humanities teachers, postsecondary...................... 275,820 (²) 70,530 (²) Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 92,930 (²) 72,630 (²) Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 29,920 (²) 69,620 (²) English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 75,320 (²) 68,360 (²) Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 30,590 (²) 66,300 (²) History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 23,640 (²) 74,100 (²) Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 23,430 (²) 72,200 (²) Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 455,970 (²) 56,490 (²) Graduate teaching assistants..................................................... 118,820 (²) 31,810 (²) Home economics teachers, postsecondary........................................... 3,870 (²) 67,110 (²) Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 18,820 (²) 63,770 (²) Vocational education teachers, postsecondary..................................... 121,360 25.33 52,680 23.22 Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 193,110 (²) 73,140 (²) Preschool, primary, secondary, and special education school teachers............... 4,024,430 (²) 54,740 (²) Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 510,540 18.29 38,040 16.06 Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 352,730 15.11 31,420 13.26 Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 157,800 (²) 52,840 (²) Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 1,984,360 (²) 56,420 (²) Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,344,240 (²) 56,320 (²) Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 621,970 (²) 56,630 (²) Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 18,150 (²) 56,830 (²) Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,031,750 (²) 58,170 (²) Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 946,730 (²) 58,260 (²) Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 85,020 (²) 57,200 (²) Special education teachers........................................................ 497,780 (²) 58,050 (²) Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 24,420 (²) 55,990 (²) Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 198,350 (²) 56,690 (²) Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 96,770 (²) 59,540 (²) Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 133,490 (²) 60,410 (²) Special education teachers, all other............................................ 44,750 (²) 54,920 (²) Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 1,157,660 17.88 37,190 14.42 Adult basic and secondary education and literacy teachers and instructors......... 69,880 25.89 53,850 24.57 Self-enrichment education teachers................................................ 187,180 19.56 40,680 17.07 Miscellaneous teachers and instructors............................................ 900,610 16.91 35,170 13.61 Substitute teachers.............................................................. 630,320 14.11 29,350 12.42 Teachers and instructors, all other, except substitute teachers.................. 270,290 (²) 48,750 (²) Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 258,820 22.96 47,750 21.63 Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 26,330 24.41 50,770 22.10 Archivists....................................................................... 5,560 25.32 52,670 23.61 Curators......................................................................... 10,910 26.74 55,620 24.30 Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 9,860 21.31 44,330 19.24 Librarians........................................................................ 136,510 27.67 57,550 26.78 Library technicians............................................................... 95,980 15.86 33,000 15.04 Other education, training, and library occupations................................. 1,448,450 (²) 30,460 (²) Audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists............................... 8,840 22.52 46,840 21.33 Farm and home management advisors................................................. 9,120 23.56 49,010 22.29 Instructional coordinators........................................................ 133,840 30.32 63,070 29.14 Teacher assistants................................................................ 1,190,720 (²) 25,570 (²) Education, training, and library workers, all other............................... 105,930 19.80 41,190 17.65 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,758,310 26.72 55,580 21.45 Art and design workers............................................................. 507,370 24.63 51,240 20.72 Artists and related workers....................................................... 87,240 36.19 75,270 31.17 Art directors.................................................................... 32,250 46.46 96,650 39.90 Craft artists.................................................................... 4,750 17.60 36,600 14.62 Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 11,980 24.47 50,900 20.48 Multimedia artists and animators................................................. 30,790 34.81 72,400 30.99 Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,470 28.11 58,460 25.83 Designers......................................................................... 420,130 22.23 46,250 19.19 Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 28,540 31.04 64,570 29.99 Fashion designers................................................................ 17,370 35.37 73,570 30.65 Floral designers................................................................. 46,490 12.55 26,100 11.65 Graphic designers................................................................ 194,360 23.85 49,610 21.55 Interior designers............................................................... 43,710 26.06 54,200 23.32 Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 72,590 14.39 29,930 13.21 Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 9,750 25.96 53,990 24.04 Designers, all other............................................................. 7,330 25.34 52,700 22.61 Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 488,570 28.25 58,750 18.97 Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 155,740 42.80 89,020 30.48 Actors........................................................................... 63,230 41.94 (²) 22.15 Producers and directors.......................................................... 92,510 43.38 90,240 33.40 Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 236,100 (²) 39,310 (²) Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 13,880 (²) 71,850 (²) Coaches and scouts............................................................... 206,080 (²) 37,610 (²) Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 16,140 (²) 33,020 (²) Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 17,840 21.41 44,540 16.90 Dancers.......................................................................... 11,540 20.00 (²) 14.87 Choreographers................................................................... 6,300 24.00 49,930 21.22 Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 62,450 29.92 (²) 23.46 Music directors and composers.................................................... 23,190 26.23 54,560 23.24 Musicians and singers............................................................ 39,260 32.10 (²) 23.74 Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other................ 16,440 25.69 (²) 17.11 Media and communication workers.................................................... 553,780 28.61 59,500 24.71 Announcers........................................................................ 38,010 19.80 41,190 13.61 Radio and television announcers.................................................. 30,530 20.10 41,800 13.95 Public address system and other announcers....................................... 7,480 18.60 38,690 12.01 News analysts, reporters and correspondents....................................... 48,460 23.26 48,380 17.71 Broadcast news analysts.......................................................... 4,820 40.73 84,710 29.07 Reporters and correspondents..................................................... 43,630 21.33 44,360 17.11 Public relations specialists...................................................... 202,530 30.30 63,020 26.41 Writers and editors............................................................... 189,680 31.81 66,160 28.22 Editors.......................................................................... 98,790 30.20 62,820 26.04 Technical writers................................................................ 47,300 33.80 70,290 32.64 Writers and authors.............................................................. 43,590 33.30 69,250 27.77 Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 75,110 23.87 49,650 20.83 Interpreters and translators..................................................... 49,060 23.04 47,920 20.39 Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 26,040 25.44 52,910 21.73 Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 208,580 23.23 48,320 19.15 Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators................... 98,880 22.17 46,110 19.56 Audio and video equipment technicians............................................ 56,440 22.03 45,830 19.83 Broadcast technicians............................................................ 27,800 20.02 41,630 17.65 Radio operators.................................................................. 1,160 21.74 45,210 21.45 Sound engineering technicians.................................................... 13,480 27.22 56,610 22.35 Photographers..................................................................... 54,830 17.88 37,190 14.08 Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors................ 38,780 29.87 62,120 23.20 Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture.......................... 16,860 25.26 52,530 20.45 Film and video editors........................................................... 21,920 33.41 69,490 26.20 Media and communication equipment workers, all other.............................. 16,090 32.00 66,570 32.52 Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 7,755,810 35.93 74,740 29.38 Health diagnosing and treating practitioners....................................... 4,761,110 44.87 93,320 35.76 Chiropractors..................................................................... 28,850 37.70 78,410 31.40 Dentists.......................................................................... 112,300 81.19 168,870 72.74 Dentists, general................................................................ 96,000 79.12 164,570 70.36 Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 5,280 105.27 218,960 (³) Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,570 94.36 196,270 (³) Prosthodontists.................................................................. 290 61.69 128,310 43.87 Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 5,160 81.90 170,340 78.58 Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 59,530 27.07 56,300 26.88 Optometrists...................................................................... 32,040 53.67 111,640 48.70 Pharmacists....................................................................... 287,420 56.01 116,500 57.35 Physicians and surgeons........................................................... 623,380 92.25 191,880 (³) Anesthesiologists................................................................ 30,200 113.01 235,070 (³) Family and general practitioners................................................. 120,860 88.43 183,940 84.87 Internists, general.............................................................. 46,410 90.60 188,440 89.83 Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................. 21,730 102.20 212,570 (³) Pediatricians, general........................................................... 30,890 81.98 170,530 75.78 Psychiatrists.................................................................... 25,040 87.82 182,660 86.03 Surgeons......................................................................... 41,030 112.09 233,150 (³) Physicians and surgeons, all other............................................... 307,220 90.00 187,200 (³) Physician assistants.............................................................. 88,110 45.36 94,350 44.70 Podiatrists....................................................................... 8,850 64.94 135,070 56.83 Therapists........................................................................ 600,660 35.08 72,970 34.21 Occupational therapists.......................................................... 108,410 37.45 77,890 36.99 Physical therapists.............................................................. 195,670 39.51 82,180 38.96 Radiation therapists............................................................. 16,950 39.30 81,740 38.05 Recreational therapists.......................................................... 18,640 21.88 45,520 20.76 Respiratory therapists........................................................... 118,640 27.83 57,880 27.06 Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 125,050 35.56 73,970 34.04 Exercise physiologists........................................................... 6,010 23.46 48,790 22.12 Therapists, all other............................................................ 11,280 28.18 58,610 26.61 Veterinarians..................................................................... 59,230 46.22 96,140 41.66 Registered nurses................................................................. 2,661,890 33.13 68,910 31.84 Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 35,430 75.81 157,690 72.64 Nurse midwives.................................................................... 5,460 44.34 92,230 44.37 Nurse practitioners............................................................... 113,370 45.71 95,070 44.55 Audiologists...................................................................... 11,550 35.75 74,360 34.22 Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other........................... 33,070 41.69 86,720 35.04 Health technologists and technicians............................................... 2,849,330 21.39 44,480 19.65 Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 319,720 24.05 50,020 23.43 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists.................................... 162,630 28.59 59,460 28.09 Medical and clinical laboratory technicians...................................... 157,080 19.35 40,240 18.26 Dental hygienists................................................................. 192,330 34.39 71,530 34.19 Diagnostic related technologists and technicians.................................. 355,290 28.73 59,750 28.19 Cardiovascular technologists and technicians..................................... 51,010 25.95 53,990 25.58 Diagnostic medical sonographers.................................................. 58,250 32.29 67,170 31.93 Nuclear medicine technologists................................................... 20,020 34.60 71,970 34.19 Radiologic technologists......................................................... 194,000 27.29 56,760 26.54 Magnetic resonance imaging technologists......................................... 32,000 31.71 65,960 31.75 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 237,660 16.77 34,870 15.04 Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 687,480 16.17 33,620 15.22 Dietetic technicians............................................................. 26,420 13.74 28,580 12.32 Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 362,690 14.83 30,840 14.25 Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 66,760 16.09 33,470 14.37 Respiratory therapy technicians.................................................. 12,070 23.01 47,850 22.61 Surgical technologists........................................................... 97,930 21.36 44,420 20.54 Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 87,870 15.27 31,760 14.66 Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 33,740 17.44 36,280 16.80 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 705,200 20.63 42,910 20.15 Medical records and health information technicians................................ 180,760 18.13 37,710 16.81 Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 68,390 17.17 35,710 16.24 Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians................................ 102,500 22.70 47,210 20.34 Orthotists and prosthetists...................................................... 8,330 34.01 70,740 30.27 Hearing aid specialists.......................................................... 5,170 23.03 47,900 20.86 Health technologists and technicians, all other.................................. 88,990 21.62 44,960 19.67 Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 145,370 28.48 59,230 26.80 Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 76,490 31.59 65,710 30.83 Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 62,830 33.20 69,050 32.67 Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 13,660 24.23 50,390 22.78 Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers.......................... 68,880 25.01 52,030 22.20 Athletic trainers................................................................ 22,340 (²) 44,720 (²) Genetic counselors............................................................... 1,980 30.19 62,800 30.57 Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 44,560 26.54 55,210 23.37 Healthcare support occupations 3,924,390 13.61 28,300 12.54 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides........................................ 2,361,910 11.87 24,700 11.22 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................................... 2,361,910 11.87 24,700 11.22 Home health aides................................................................ 806,710 10.60 22,050 10.10 Psychiatric aides................................................................ 75,340 12.98 26,990 12.08 Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,427,830 12.51 26,020 11.97 Orderlies........................................................................ 52,030 12.66 26,340 11.75 Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 160,430 21.19 44,080 20.80 Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 39,160 23.75 49,390 24.16 Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 30,450 26.56 55,250 26.57 Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 8,710 13.90 28,900 12.67 Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 121,270 20.37 42,360 19.43 Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 72,640 25.63 53,320 25.65 Physical therapist aides......................................................... 48,630 12.50 25,990 11.69 Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,402,060 15.66 32,570 14.92 Massage therapists................................................................ 79,040 19.42 40,400 17.27 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,323,010 15.44 32,110 14.83 Dental assistants................................................................ 309,540 17.13 35,640 16.78 Medical assistants............................................................... 571,690 14.80 30,780 14.24 Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 51,300 16.02 33,320 15.25 Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 68,350 16.95 35,260 16.63 Pharmacy aides................................................................... 42,250 11.78 24,510 10.85 Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 71,800 12.07 25,110 11.32 Phlebotomists.................................................................... 108,210 15.10 31,410 14.50 Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 99,880 16.80 34,950 16.42 Protective service occupations 3,257,690 20.92 43,510 17.68 Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 270,500 33.03 68,700 30.99 First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 146,300 36.64 76,200 34.87 First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 44,980 29.59 61,540 27.74 First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 101,320 39.76 82,710 38.07 First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers.................... 59,700 34.94 72,670 33.68 First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other................... 64,510 23.08 48,000 22.04 Fire fighting and prevention workers............................................... 316,120 23.36 48,580 22.09 Firefighters...................................................................... 302,870 23.21 48,270 21.92 Fire inspectors................................................................... 13,250 26.84 55,820 25.57 Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 11,520 27.93 58,100 26.66 Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 1,730 19.54 40,640 16.16 Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,213,870 26.44 54,990 24.34 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 449,050 21.26 44,220 19.01 Bailiffs......................................................................... 16,360 19.53 40,620 17.83 Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 432,680 21.32 44,350 19.02 Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 109,960 38.00 79,030 36.89 Fish and game wardens............................................................. 6,640 24.27 50,470 23.44 Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 8,790 17.90 37,220 17.40 Police officers................................................................... 639,440 28.23 58,720 26.99 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 635,380 28.23 58,720 26.99 Transit and railroad police...................................................... 4,060 27.98 58,200 26.68 Other protective service workers................................................... 1,457,200 13.54 28,160 11.70 Animal control workers............................................................ 13,590 16.29 33,870 15.40 Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 25,820 25.91 53,890 22.24 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................................. 1,076,980 13.26 27,590 11.60 Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators............................ 10,260 15.37 31,970 14.15 Security guards.................................................................. 1,066,730 13.24 27,550 11.57 Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 340,810 13.36 27,780 11.53 Crossing guards.................................................................. 68,050 12.75 26,530 11.49 Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 130,700 10.05 20,890 9.16 Transportation security screeners................................................ 45,790 17.98 37,400 17.83 Protective service workers, all other............................................ 96,260 16.08 33,450 14.43 Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,914,590 10.38 21,580 9.15 Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 950,270 16.17 33,640 14.53 Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 950,270 16.17 33,640 14.53 Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 107,730 22.42 46,620 20.43 First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 842,540 15.38 31,980 14.09 Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 2,978,730 10.61 22,070 9.78 Cooks............................................................................. 2,154,650 10.79 22,440 9.99 Cooks, fast food................................................................. 507,940 9.07 18,870 8.88 Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 399,940 11.86 24,670 11.14 Cooks, private household......................................................... 590 13.15 27,350 11.17 Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,057,550 11.27 23,440 10.65 Cooks, short order............................................................... 167,480 10.18 21,160 9.51 Cooks, all other................................................................. 21,160 12.61 26,230 11.58 Food preparation workers.......................................................... 824,080 10.15 21,110 9.35 Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 6,678,930 9.63 20,020 8.91 Bartenders........................................................................ 555,560 10.46 21,770 9.09 Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 3,474,600 9.13 18,980 8.83 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food............... 3,022,880 9.08 18,880 8.81 Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop.................. 451,730 9.45 19,650 8.99 Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 2,403,960 10.04 20,880 8.94 Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 244,820 10.77 22,400 9.58 Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,306,660 9.46 19,670 8.97 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 409,700 9.59 19,940 8.95 Dishwashers....................................................................... 498,110 9.22 19,180 8.95 Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 360,970 9.46 19,670 8.96 Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 37,880 11.22 23,330 9.94 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,291,410 12.51 26,010 11.04 Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 269,540 19.73 41,030 18.27 First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 269,540 19.73 41,030 18.27 First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 169,920 18.45 38,380 17.15 First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 99,620 21.91 45,560 20.47 Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 3,099,520 11.75 24,430 10.50 Building cleaning workers......................................................... 3,035,070 11.66 24,260 10.44 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,101,810 12.09 25,140 10.86 Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 917,470 10.64 22,130 9.51 Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 15,790 14.57 30,300 13.77 Pest control workers.............................................................. 64,450 15.61 32,480 14.58 Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 922,350 12.95 26,930 11.73 Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 922,350 12.95 26,930 11.73 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 839,780 12.65 26,300 11.51 Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 22,830 15.72 32,690 14.82 Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 40,720 16.57 34,470 15.67 Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 19,030 15.25 31,720 13.52 Personal care and service occupations 3,986,740 11.88 24,710 10.10 Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 183,180 19.01 39,540 17.59 First-line supervisors of gaming workers.......................................... 32,880 21.82 45,380 21.35 Gaming supervisors............................................................... 25,150 23.53 48,940 23.20 Slot supervisors................................................................. 7,730 16.25 33,800 15.13 First-line supervisors of personal service workers................................ 150,300 18.39 38,260 16.97 Animal care and service workers.................................................... 164,960 11.09 23,060 9.71 Animal trainers................................................................... 10,610 14.92 31,030 12.17 Nonfarm animal caretakers......................................................... 154,350 10.82 22,510 9.57 Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 534,830 10.22 21,270 9.08 Gaming services workers........................................................... 125,300 10.60 22,050 9.06 Gaming dealers................................................................... 98,790 10.04 20,890 8.88 Gaming and sports book writers and runners....................................... 12,760 12.44 25,870 10.82 Gaming service workers, all other................................................ 13,750 12.91 26,860 11.77 Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 7,630 10.78 22,430 9.73 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 106,770 9.79 20,370 8.98 Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 295,130 10.21 21,230 9.11 Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 260,680 9.76 20,310 9.05 Costume attendants............................................................... 5,900 23.75 49,400 17.62 Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 18,910 10.78 22,420 9.42 Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 9,640 12.79 26,590 11.58 Funeral service workers............................................................ 62,080 17.44 36,270 14.16 Embalmers......................................................................... 4,390 20.55 42,750 20.00 Funeral attendants................................................................ 33,400 11.62 24,180 10.83 Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors.................................... 24,280 24.87 51,720 22.64 Personal appearance workers........................................................ 490,050 12.98 27,000 10.80 Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 367,070 13.24 27,540 11.16 Barbers.......................................................................... 15,100 13.32 27,710 12.03 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 351,960 13.24 27,530 11.12 Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 122,980 12.20 25,370 9.67 Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 2,440 31.89 66,330 22.70 Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 71,220 10.48 21,790 9.30 Shampooers....................................................................... 15,650 9.09 18,910 8.90 Skincare specialists............................................................. 33,680 15.86 32,990 13.92 Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 73,980 12.61 26,220 11.28 Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 73,980 12.61 26,220 11.28 Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 43,790 11.38 23,660 9.77 Concierges....................................................................... 30,190 14.39 29,930 13.37 Tour and travel guides............................................................. 38,780 13.10 27,250 11.78 Tour and travel guides............................................................ 38,780 13.10 27,250 11.78 Tour guides and escorts.......................................................... 34,530 12.51 26,020 11.43 Travel guides.................................................................... 4,250 17.93 37,300 16.26 Other personal care and service workers............................................ 2,438,890 11.35 23,620 10.00 Childcare workers................................................................. 597,900 10.33 21,490 9.42 Personal care aides............................................................... 1,135,470 10.09 20,990 9.67 Recreation and fitness workers.................................................... 555,470 14.81 30,800 11.95 Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors........................................ 238,170 18.17 37,790 15.88 Recreation workers............................................................... 317,310 12.29 25,560 10.76 Residential advisors.............................................................. 88,220 12.78 26,580 11.79 Personal care and service workers, all other...................................... 61,820 11.31 23,530 10.04 Sales and related occupations 14,068,190 18.37 38,200 12.10 Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,459,330 23.29 48,430 19.17 First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,459,330 23.29 48,430 19.17 First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,213,550 19.93 41,450 17.88 First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 245,780 39.85 82,890 33.92 Retail sales workers............................................................... 8,500,690 11.39 23,690 9.58 Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,363,530 9.83 20,450 9.12 Cashiers......................................................................... 3,343,470 9.82 20,420 9.12 Gaming change persons and booth cashiers......................................... 20,060 12.05 25,070 11.43 Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 651,970 13.89 28,880 12.13 Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 430,700 13.05 27,130 11.24 Parts salespersons............................................................... 221,270 15.52 32,290 14.15 Retail salespersons............................................................... 4,485,180 12.20 25,370 10.16 Sales representatives, services.................................................... 1,653,600 33.02 68,680 24.62 Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 148,770 27.62 57,440 22.03 Insurance sales agents............................................................ 354,460 30.58 63,610 23.18 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 325,140 49.28 102,510 34.92 Travel agents..................................................................... 64,250 17.88 37,200 16.60 Sales representatives, services, all other........................................ 760,980 29.54 61,450 24.53 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,756,600 33.11 68,880 27.86 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,756,600 33.11 68,880 27.86 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products...................................................................... 352,830 41.16 85,610 35.83 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products........................................................... 1,403,770 31.09 64,670 26.16 Other sales and related workers.................................................... 697,970 21.20 44,090 14.05 Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 82,330 13.84 28,800 11.64 Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 76,870 13.92 28,950 11.75 Models........................................................................... 5,470 12.79 26,600 9.15 Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 197,820 28.32 58,900 20.49 Real estate brokers.............................................................. 38,970 39.60 82,380 28.65 Real estate sales agents......................................................... 158,850 25.55 53,140 19.14 Sales engineers................................................................... 65,730 48.94 101,790 45.14 Telemarketers..................................................................... 231,900 12.42 25,830 10.87 Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 120,180 16.29 33,870 12.91 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 6,090 12.18 25,330 9.82 Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 114,100 16.50 34,330 13.11 Office and administrative support occupations 21,442,800 16.78 34,900 15.39 Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,366,510 25.81 53,690 24.13 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,366,510 25.81 53,690 24.13 Communications equipment operators................................................. 130,890 13.53 28,150 12.71 Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 118,060 13.11 27,270 12.45 Telephone operators............................................................... 10,280 16.69 34,720 15.67 Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 2,550 20.36 42,350 19.58 Financial clerks................................................................... 3,274,960 16.82 34,990 16.01 Bill and account collectors....................................................... 368,850 16.66 34,650 15.83 Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 493,840 16.80 34,940 16.26 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,586,380 17.91 37,250 17.18 Gaming cage workers............................................................... 17,360 12.59 26,190 11.86 Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 170,400 19.16 39,850 18.59 Procurement clerks................................................................ 68,690 18.72 38,940 18.64 Tellers........................................................................... 527,680 12.62 26,260 12.21 Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 41,770 19.52 40,590 18.39 Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,344,530 15.54 32,320 14.45 Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 60,300 22.96 47,760 21.85 Correspondence clerks............................................................. 7,800 17.22 35,810 16.75 Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 127,170 17.72 36,850 16.89 Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 50,240 17.15 35,660 16.13 Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,389,580 16.04 33,370 14.84 Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 123,920 20.15 41,910 20.15 File clerks....................................................................... 152,920 13.79 28,680 12.89 Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 234,750 10.58 22,010 9.81 Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 192,360 15.22 31,660 14.56 Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 101,990 12.43 25,850 11.37 Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 213,270 17.76 36,940 17.33 New accounts clerks............................................................... 56,990 16.32 33,940 15.96 Order clerks...................................................................... 200,210 15.33 31,880 14.48 Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 136,960 18.52 38,520 18.12 Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 973,580 13.20 27,450 12.70 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 141,900 16.69 34,710 16.34 Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 180,570 18.05 37,530 17.71 Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 3,798,670 15.67 32,600 13.84 Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 73,760 20.97 43,620 19.35 Couriers and messengers........................................................... 74,060 13.35 27,770 12.61 Dispatchers....................................................................... 282,130 18.78 39,050 17.61 Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers.......................................... 96,860 18.73 38,960 17.81 Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 185,270 18.80 39,100 17.50 Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 37,950 18.79 39,080 17.51 Postal service workers............................................................ 500,980 23.90 49,720 25.89 Postal service clerks............................................................ 71,910 22.87 47,570 25.88 Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 307,490 24.47 50,890 27.16 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 121,580 23.09 48,040 25.88 Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 281,930 22.30 46,390 21.46 Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................................... 677,450 14.93 31,060 14.10 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................................... 1,800,410 11.99 24,940 10.81 Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 69,990 14.59 30,340 13.64 Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,647,870 18.39 38,250 17.15 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,647,870 18.39 38,250 17.15 Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 755,210 24.94 51,870 23.70 Legal secretaries................................................................ 220,680 21.65 45,030 20.38 Medical secretaries.............................................................. 512,970 15.93 33,140 15.33 Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 2,159,000 16.35 34,000 15.79 Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,879,380 14.96 31,110 14.01 Computer operators................................................................ 67,450 19.25 40,040 18.69 Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 295,850 15.28 31,790 14.64 Data entry keyers................................................................ 207,660 14.27 29,670 13.69 Word processors and typists...................................................... 88,200 17.68 36,770 17.32 Desktop publishers................................................................ 14,360 19.77 41,130 18.20 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 236,160 18.27 38,010 17.42 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 99,140 13.83 28,760 13.20 Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,832,010 14.42 29,990 13.49 Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 66,840 14.29 29,710 13.51 Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 11,260 16.97 35,300 15.93 Statistical assistants............................................................ 15,640 20.45 42,530 19.92 Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 240,670 16.35 34,000 15.38 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 435,250 11.70 24,330 9.32 Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 18,540 22.09 45,940 20.90 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 18,540 22.09 45,940 20.90 Agricultural workers............................................................... 373,350 10.61 22,080 9.16 Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 13,740 20.96 43,600 20.52 Animal breeders................................................................... 1,240 19.38 40,310 18.24 Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 38,120 10.10 21,000 9.24 Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 320,250 10.20 21,210 9.11 Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 22,650 13.34 27,740 12.58 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 261,720 9.65 20,080 9.00 Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 31,000 11.91 24,760 10.89 Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 4,870 14.03 29,170 11.73 Fishing and hunting workers........................................................ 560 17.43 36,250 16.75 Fishers and related fishing workers............................................... 480 17.71 36,840 16.96 Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 42,800 16.59 34,510 15.89 Forest and conservation workers................................................... 6,940 13.88 28,860 12.39 Logging workers................................................................... 35,870 17.12 35,600 16.38 Fallers.......................................................................... 5,790 19.50 40,550 16.60 Logging equipment operators...................................................... 24,490 16.69 34,700 16.39 Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 2,780 16.39 34,090 15.90 Logging workers, all other....................................................... 2,810 16.67 34,680 16.44 Construction and extraction occupations 5,088,030 21.94 45,630 19.55 Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 467,130 30.70 63,860 29.03 First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 467,130 30.70 63,860 29.03 Construction trades workers........................................................ 3,760,870 21.40 44,510 19.01 Boilermakers...................................................................... 15,950 27.85 57,920 27.74 Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 69,150 23.60 49,090 21.67 Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 58,730 24.37 50,700 22.41 Stonemasons...................................................................... 10,410 19.23 39,990 17.54 Carpenters........................................................................ 580,570 21.62 44,980 19.47 Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 68,950 19.81 41,210 17.58 Carpet installers................................................................ 24,640 19.39 40,330 17.19 Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 10,020 19.15 39,840 17.27 Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 4,200 17.70 36,810 16.94 Tile and marble setters.......................................................... 30,090 20.68 43,010 18.06 Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 145,120 19.55 40,660 17.40 Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 141,910 19.52 40,610 17.37 Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 3,220 20.69 43,030 18.80 Construction laborers............................................................. 824,970 16.84 35,020 14.64 Construction equipment operators.................................................. 400,280 22.31 46,410 20.16 Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 55,720 20.06 41,720 18.16 Pile-driver operators............................................................ 3,620 27.03 56,220 23.91 Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 340,950 22.63 47,080 20.45 Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 96,080 21.20 44,090 18.19 Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 79,950 20.75 43,160 17.89 Tapers........................................................................... 16,120 23.41 48,690 21.10 Electricians...................................................................... 542,680 25.75 53,560 24.28 Glaziers.......................................................................... 44,050 20.46 42,560 18.08 Insulation workers................................................................ 51,600 20.38 42,380 17.53 Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 23,850 17.76 36,940 15.81 Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 27,740 22.63 47,060 19.47 Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 196,350 18.88 39,280 17.00 Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 192,890 18.89 39,290 17.01 Paperhangers..................................................................... 3,460 18.47 38,410 16.19 Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 392,460 25.19 52,390 23.31 Pipelayers....................................................................... 41,080 19.29 40,120 17.44 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 351,380 25.88 53,820 24.13 Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 20,600 19.95 41,490 17.64 Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 17,280 26.17 54,430 24.52 Roofers........................................................................... 99,060 18.65 38,790 17.08 Sheet metal workers............................................................... 134,110 22.81 47,440 21.10 Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 57,480 24.80 51,590 22.36 Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 4,130 20.11 41,820 19.04 Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 216,320 13.65 28,400 12.97 Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 216,320 13.65 28,400 12.97 Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 24,280 14.83 30,860 13.59 Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 37,400 13.20 27,450 12.54 Helpers--electricians............................................................ 63,660 13.91 28,920 13.32 Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 11,640 12.68 26,370 11.97 Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 47,160 13.69 28,460 13.19 Helpers--roofers................................................................. 13,130 12.46 25,910 11.69 Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 19,050 13.54 28,160 12.73 Other construction and related workers............................................. 379,760 21.40 44,500 19.40 Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 87,620 27.13 56,430 26.18 Elevator installers and repairers................................................. 21,270 36.64 76,220 37.81 Fence erectors.................................................................... 19,960 15.87 33,000 15.02 Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 40,290 20.30 42,220 18.23 Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 139,070 17.78 36,980 17.25 Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 15,590 22.24 46,260 22.25 Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 24,030 17.63 36,660 16.60 Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 31,920 18.51 38,510 16.92 Segmental pavers................................................................. 1,110 16.97 35,290 15.77 Construction and related workers, all other...................................... 30,810 18.57 38,620 16.97 Extraction workers................................................................. 263,940 21.66 45,050 19.84 Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining........... 108,790 24.79 51,570 21.79 Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 22,400 23.48 48,830 22.64 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 27,130 29.38 61,110 24.79 Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining..................................... 59,260 23.19 48,230 20.57 Earth drillers, except oil and gas................................................ 17,620 22.15 46,060 20.48 Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters....................... 6,540 24.19 50,310 23.69 Mining machine operators.......................................................... 21,780 23.71 49,320 24.24 Continuous mining machine operators.............................................. 12,180 23.98 49,870 24.43 Mine cutting and channeling machine operators.................................... 6,850 23.31 48,490 23.96 Mining machine operators, all other.............................................. 2,740 23.55 48,990 24.10 Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 4,130 16.51 34,350 15.77 Roof bolters, mining.............................................................. 5,880 26.25 54,590 26.34 Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 68,230 17.39 36,170 16.62 Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 23,020 16.89 35,120 16.30 Extraction workers, all other..................................................... 7,960 19.73 41,040 19.02 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,138,130 21.35 44,420 19.92 Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 428,620 30.52 63,490 29.43 First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 428,620 30.52 63,490 29.43 Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 570,200 23.50 48,880 22.56 Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 110,850 18.42 38,310 17.50 Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 223,440 25.80 53,670 26.05 Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 14,090 23.26 48,380 22.24 Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 209,350 25.98 54,030 26.32 Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers...................................................................... 235,910 23.71 49,320 22.89 Avionics technicians............................................................. 17,310 27.38 56,940 26.92 Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 18,490 19.47 40,500 18.28 Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 15,340 25.95 53,970 25.40 Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 67,410 26.07 54,230 25.67 Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 23,210 32.82 68,270 33.52 Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 11,900 16.14 33,570 15.02 Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers................. 26,960 17.94 37,310 17.15 Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 55,300 21.09 43,870 20.19 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,463,720 19.87 41,330 18.63 Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 115,410 27.70 57,610 26.91 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 755,550 19.17 39,880 17.78 Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 134,650 20.49 42,620 18.68 Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 15,910 15.89 33,050 15.54 Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 604,990 18.97 39,450 17.65 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 238,150 21.21 44,120 20.54 Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 170,720 21.98 45,710 21.55 Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 34,840 17.50 36,390 17.05 Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 116,590 23.00 47,830 22.53 Rail car repairers............................................................... 19,290 23.89 49,700 24.33 Small engine mechanics............................................................ 62,860 16.63 34,590 15.86 Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 19,650 17.99 37,430 17.35 Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 14,960 17.02 35,400 16.15 Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 28,250 15.47 32,180 14.68 Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 121,020 12.82 26,660 11.72 Bicycle repairers................................................................ 10,450 12.58 26,160 12.22 Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 11,200 17.69 36,790 16.89 Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 99,370 12.29 25,570 11.34 Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 2,675,590 20.24 42,100 18.85 Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 57,990 23.83 49,570 22.36 Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 17,050 18.75 39,000 17.63 Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 40,940 25.95 53,970 25.47 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 251,700 22.17 46,110 21.10 Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 32,920 17.89 37,220 16.90 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 436,800 23.24 48,340 22.44 Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 306,860 23.83 49,560 23.03 Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 89,510 20.68 43,010 20.00 Millwrights...................................................................... 38,680 24.58 51,130 24.05 Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 1,750 20.87 43,410 20.78 Line installers and repairers..................................................... 231,400 27.83 57,890 28.72 Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 111,350 30.47 63,380 30.85 Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 120,050 25.38 52,790 25.30 Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 64,730 22.01 45,790 20.78 Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 3,180 19.09 39,700 17.99 Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 40,090 22.65 47,120 21.24 Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 7,240 16.82 34,990 15.26 Watch repairers.................................................................. 2,840 18.25 37,970 17.05 Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 11,390 24.81 51,600 24.67 Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,249,080 18.13 37,710 17.14 Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 3,290 25.51 53,050 23.79 Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 347,690 16.86 35,060 15.16 Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 33,250 15.79 32,840 15.16 Commercial divers................................................................ 3,600 26.38 54,880 23.04 Fabric menders, except garment................................................... 800 13.42 27,910 12.24 Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 17,400 19.15 39,820 18.25 Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 3,510 15.01 31,210 13.91 Riggers.......................................................................... 17,330 21.24 44,180 20.32 Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 7,960 26.83 55,810 26.75 Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 127,820 13.04 27,120 11.78 Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 136,010 19.09 39,700 17.66 Production occupations 8,765,180 16.79 34,930 15.03 Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 580,620 27.96 58,150 26.29 First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 580,620 27.96 58,150 26.29 Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,757,500 15.10 31,400 13.93 Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 42,810 23.84 49,580 22.76 Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 267,950 15.30 31,830 14.31 Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 14,590 15.54 32,320 15.09 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers................................... 203,880 15.07 31,350 14.01 Electromechanical equipment assemblers........................................... 49,480 16.17 33,630 15.29 Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 39,620 18.78 39,060 17.93 Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 77,860 18.19 37,840 17.49 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,329,260 14.48 30,120 13.33 Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................ 18,800 14.24 29,620 13.68 Team assemblers.................................................................. 1,058,100 14.71 30,590 13.54 Timing device assemblers and adjusters........................................... 1,460 15.10 31,410 13.04 Assemblers and fabricators, all other............................................ 250,900 13.55 28,190 12.37 Food processing workers............................................................ 753,020 12.75 26,530 11.86 Bakers............................................................................ 165,270 12.08 25,120 11.13 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 381,890 12.69 26,400 11.96 Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 138,900 14.40 29,950 13.63 Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 160,920 11.47 23,850 11.12 Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 82,070 12.21 25,400 12.01 Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 205,860 13.41 27,890 12.42 Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 18,750 14.14 29,410 13.37 Food batchmakers................................................................. 109,660 13.73 28,560 12.77 Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 34,040 13.66 28,410 12.86 Food processing workers, all other............................................... 43,400 12.07 25,110 11.27 Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,887,930 18.04 37,510 17.12 Computer control programmers and operators........................................ 164,270 18.78 39,070 17.87 Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic.................... 139,930 17.94 37,310 17.26 Computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers, metal and plastic...... 24,340 23.64 49,170 22.36 Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 128,250 16.68 34,690 16.14 Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 73,140 15.94 33,160 15.51 Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 22,570 16.89 35,120 16.14 Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 32,550 18.19 37,830 17.80 Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 344,000 16.03 33,350 15.26 Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... 187,640 15.15 31,520 14.40 Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................................................................... 19,880 17.59 36,580 16.48 Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................... 70,910 16.27 33,850 15.49 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 41,730 17.73 36,890 17.18 Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 23,850 17.98 37,400 17.21 Machinists........................................................................ 391,130 19.72 41,020 19.03 Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 32,250 18.80 39,110 18.54 Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 21,930 19.59 40,750 19.49 Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 10,320 17.13 35,630 16.15 Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 10,360 21.90 45,560 21.31 Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 6,200 23.04 47,920 22.15 Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 4,160 20.21 42,030 20.10 Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 137,910 14.63 30,440 13.76 Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 13,100 15.07 31,350 14.59 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................................................................... 124,810 14.59 30,340 13.68 Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 93,100 17.02 35,400 16.50 Tool and die makers............................................................... 78,700 23.74 49,390 23.06 Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 403,100 18.60 38,700 17.51 Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 352,250 18.80 39,110 17.66 Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 50,860 17.21 35,800 16.54 Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 104,850 17.10 35,560 16.04 Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 21,500 17.27 35,930 16.66 Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 13,420 21.03 43,740 20.69 Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 36,120 15.52 32,280 14.49 Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 11,540 17.34 36,060 16.50 Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 22,270 16.99 35,340 15.63 Printing workers................................................................... 256,620 17.19 35,750 16.43 Printing workers.................................................................. 256,620 17.19 35,750 16.43 Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 38,000 18.82 39,150 18.00 Printing press operators......................................................... 166,620 17.48 36,350 16.79 Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 52,000 15.06 31,330 14.18 Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 573,650 11.73 24,390 10.67 Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 197,650 10.46 21,750 9.66 Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 51,520 10.03 20,870 9.55 Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 143,370 11.25 23,400 10.33 Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 10,760 12.50 26,000 11.68 Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 6,460 12.85 26,730 12.03 Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 4,300 11.97 24,890 11.12 Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 27,100 13.64 28,360 11.97 Sewers, hand..................................................................... 5,700 11.89 24,720 11.35 Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 21,400 14.10 29,330 12.30 Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 75,060 12.69 26,390 12.41 Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 11,680 12.36 25,710 11.78 Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 15,160 12.58 26,180 12.00 Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 22,200 13.16 27,370 12.91 Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders....................................................................... 26,020 12.50 25,990 12.43 Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 68,180 15.74 32,740 14.52 Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers.................................................................. 18,890 15.64 32,540 15.27 Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 6,060 21.97 45,700 19.29 Upholsterers..................................................................... 28,790 15.47 32,170 14.78 Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 14,440 13.79 28,680 12.52 Woodworkers........................................................................ 215,240 14.59 30,340 13.76 Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 82,770 15.84 32,960 14.96 Furniture finishers............................................................... 14,470 14.49 30,140 13.69 Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 2,110 17.50 36,390 15.86 Model makers, wood............................................................... 1,240 16.30 33,910 14.63 Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 870 19.20 39,940 17.89 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 108,750 13.57 28,230 13.01 Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 42,210 13.47 28,010 12.79 Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 66,540 13.64 28,370 13.13 Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 7,150 14.82 30,820 13.27 Plant and system operators......................................................... 310,600 26.77 55,680 26.21 Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 58,860 33.89 70,500 33.92 Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 7,790 37.69 78,400 37.67 Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 11,260 36.82 76,580 36.10 Power plant operators............................................................ 39,810 32.32 67,230 32.74 Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 35,960 27.01 56,190 26.26 Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 110,230 21.67 45,070 20.77 Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 105,550 28.04 58,320 28.19 Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 38,890 26.29 54,690 26.31 Gas plant operators.............................................................. 13,890 30.18 62,770 30.62 Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 41,390 29.50 61,350 29.77 Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 11,390 26.10 54,300 26.19 Other production occupations....................................................... 2,430,000 15.72 32,690 14.32 Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 102,950 21.75 45,240 21.01 Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 60,450 23.30 48,470 22.95 Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders........................................................ 42,510 19.55 40,660 18.43 Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 179,200 16.45 34,220 15.59 Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 30,580 16.36 34,040 15.52 Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 31,240 14.11 29,360 13.38 Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 117,390 17.10 35,560 16.32 Cutting workers................................................................... 73,240 15.19 31,580 14.66 Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 13,800 13.24 27,540 12.19 Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 59,450 15.64 32,520 15.29 Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders........................................................................ 69,740 16.02 33,320 15.27 Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 19,840 17.94 37,320 17.05 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 471,750 18.20 37,860 16.80 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 22,890 19.24 40,010 17.08 Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians............................ 78,870 17.36 36,120 16.01 Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 36,790 19.13 39,780 17.52 Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 13,320 18.38 38,220 17.09 Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 28,760 14.64 30,450 13.96 Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 372,210 13.82 28,740 12.65 Painting workers.................................................................. 149,780 17.15 35,680 15.94 Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 87,070 15.52 32,290 14.88 Painters, transportation equipment............................................... 46,770 21.12 43,930 19.05 Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 15,930 14.40 29,960 13.64 Semiconductor processors.......................................................... 22,750 17.34 36,070 16.32 Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 37,130 13.18 27,410 11.46 Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 829,640 13.77 28,650 12.40 Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 18,280 15.65 32,540 14.68 Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 16,460 13.56 28,210 12.73 Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 7,660 14.24 29,620 13.31 Etchers and engravers............................................................ 8,570 14.45 30,060 13.70 Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 32,920 15.14 31,480 14.32 Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 94,910 17.23 35,830 16.73 Tire builders.................................................................... 17,570 18.86 39,240 19.09 Helpers--production workers...................................................... 426,670 12.05 25,070 11.13 Production workers, all other.................................................... 206,600 14.89 30,980 13.26 Transportation and material moving occupations 9,005,120 16.28 33,860 13.99 Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 371,250 25.08 52,180 23.70 Aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................... 6,270 23.54 48,970 21.56 First-line supervisors of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand............ 167,190 23.02 47,880 21.99 First-line supervisors of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators...................................................................... 197,800 26.88 55,910 25.68 Air transportation workers......................................................... 234,220 (²) 84,100 (²) Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 110,370 (²) 113,090 (²) Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 73,030 (²) 129,600 (²) Commercial pilots................................................................ 37,340 (²) 80,800 (²) Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 30,310 49.40 102,750 48.98 Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 23,060 57.05 118,650 58.31 Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 7,250 25.09 52,190 23.71 Flight attendants................................................................. 93,550 (²) 43,860 (²) Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 3,664,240 16.98 35,320 15.87 Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 18,380 11.98 24,920 11.35 Bus drivers....................................................................... 653,940 15.21 31,640 14.27 Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 157,830 18.63 38,750 17.64 Bus drivers, school or special client............................................ 496,110 14.12 29,380 13.62 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 2,758,700 17.77 36,970 16.72 Driver/sales workers............................................................. 396,470 13.41 27,900 10.92 Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,585,300 19.68 40,940 18.61 Light truck or delivery services drivers......................................... 776,930 16.10 33,490 14.02 Taxi drivers and chauffeurs....................................................... 170,030 12.12 25,200 10.98 Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 63,200 15.44 32,110 13.25 Rail transportation workers........................................................ 123,420 26.50 55,110 25.86 Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 43,870 25.96 53,990 24.86 Locomotive engineers............................................................. 36,860 26.76 55,660 25.63 Locomotive firers................................................................ 1,880 23.03 47,900 21.59 Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 5,140 21.28 44,260 20.33 Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators...................................... 23,950 24.00 49,920 24.44 Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 43,100 27.90 58,030 26.95 Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 8,930 28.31 58,880 30.60 Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 3,570 28.42 59,110 28.15 Water transportation workers....................................................... 72,440 28.78 59,850 24.59 Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 28,810 19.56 40,690 18.73 Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 33,700 34.41 71,570 31.66 Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 30,290 36.34 75,580 33.62 Motorboat operators.............................................................. 3,400 17.25 35,880 15.17 Ship engineers.................................................................... 9,930 36.37 75,650 33.49 Other transportation workers....................................................... 338,080 13.16 27,360 10.47 Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 3,170 21.17 44,040 22.29 Parking lot attendants............................................................ 130,190 10.26 21,340 9.38 Automotive and watercraft service attendants...................................... 112,970 10.56 21,960 9.84 Traffic technicians............................................................... 6,220 21.12 43,920 19.15 Transportation inspectors......................................................... 23,970 32.83 68,280 31.71 Transportation attendants, except flight attendants............................... 21,280 12.57 26,150 11.27 Transportation workers, all other................................................. 40,290 16.54 34,400 15.44 Material moving workers............................................................ 4,201,450 13.28 27,620 11.72 Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 40,760 15.95 33,180 14.70 Crane and tower operators......................................................... 41,580 24.82 51,620 23.38 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................................. 49,710 20.88 43,420 19.07 Dredge operators................................................................. 1,750 21.91 45,580 19.04 Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators............................ 44,780 20.66 42,970 18.70 Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................... 3,180 23.36 48,600 24.35 Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 2,980 23.26 48,370 18.62 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 504,560 15.70 32,660 14.77 Laborers and material movers, hand................................................ 3,374,770 12.32 25,630 11.03 Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 311,940 11.05 22,980 9.72 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,284,650 12.83 26,690 11.52 Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 106,160 14.19 29,510 13.61 Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 672,020 10.90 22,670 9.60 Pumping station operators......................................................... 31,090 22.81 47,450 22.26 Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 4,520 25.84 53,740 26.16 Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 13,170 22.00 45,760 20.80 Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 13,410 22.59 46,990 22.10 Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 116,460 16.96 35,280 15.73 Mine shuttle car operators........................................................ 2,730 25.27 52,560 25.49 Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 12,560 21.80 45,340 20.33 Material moving workers, all other................................................ 24,250 18.75 39,000 16.64 1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid. 3 Represents a wage above $90.00 per hour.