For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, April 25, 2023 USDL-23-0794
Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oewsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2022
Computer and mathematical occupations had employment of 5.0 million in May 2022,
representing 3.4 percent of total national employment, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The largest computer and mathematical occupations were
software developers (1.5 million) and computer user support specialists (696,830).
The annual mean wage across all computer and mathematical occupations was $108,130,
compared with the U.S. average wage of $61,900.
The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program provides employment
and wage estimates for about 830 occupations in the nation, states, and approximately
530 areas. National data are available by industry for approximately 410 industry
classifications and by ownership across all industries and for the educational
services and hospitals industries. This news release features computer and mathematical,
construction and extraction, and business and financial operations occupations,
in addition to largest occupations, public sector occupations, and employment and
wages by typical entry-level educational requirement. National employment and wage
information for all occupations is shown in table 1.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Data |
| |
| The May 2022 OEWS estimates are the first to use the 2022 North American Industry |
| Classification System (NAICS). In addition, changes were made to the OEWS wage |
| processing methodology. See the box notes at the end of this news release for |
| more information. |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________|
Computer and mathematical occupations
--The largest computer and mathematical occupations were software developers (1.5
million), computer user support specialists (696,830), and computer systems analysts
(505,210). (See table 1.)
--Twenty out of 21 computer and mathematical occupations had mean wages above the
U.S. average of $61,900. The highest paying computer and mathematical occupations
were computer and information research scientists ($155,880), database architects
($136,540), and software developers ($132,930). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying computer and mathematical occupations were computer user support
specialists ($61,580) and computer network support specialists ($76,060). Computer
user support specialists was the only computer and mathematical occupation that
did not have an above-average wage. (See table 1.)
--More than one-quarter of computer and mathematical jobs (1.3 million) were in the
computer systems design and related services industry. Industries with the largest
employment of computer and mathematical occupations also included management of
companies and enterprises (331,220); software publishers (286,760); and employment
services (190,030), which includes temporary help services.
--The metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of computer and mathematical
occupations were San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (13.7 percent of area employment),
and California-Lexington Park, MD (10.3 percent).
--The highest paying states for computer and mathematical occupations were California
($143,670) and Washington ($129,870). The lowest paying states for this group included
Mississippi ($75,840) and North Dakota ($76,900).
National industry-specific data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
State data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcst.htm and metropolitan area
data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm.
Construction and extraction occupations
--Construction and extraction occupations had employment of 6.1 million and an annual
mean wage of $58,400. (See table 1.)
--The largest construction and extraction occupations were construction laborers (1.0
million) and first-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
(720,900). (See table 1.)
--The highest paying construction and extraction occupations were elevator and escalator
installers and repairers ($93,960) and first-line supervisors of construction trades
and extraction workers ($77,650). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying occupations in this group included helpers of pipelayers, plumbers,
pipefitters, and steamfitters ($37,590) and helpers of painters, paperhangers,
plasterers, and stucco masons ($38,040). (See table 1.)
--Construction and extraction occupations made up 9.1 percent of employment in Wyoming,
compared with 4.1 percent nationally. States with the highest shares of construction
and extraction occupations also included North Dakota (7.5 percent) and Montana (6.7
percent).
--Construction laborers, the largest construction and extraction occupation, had an
annual mean wage of $46,350 for all industries combined. (See table 1.) Within the
construction sector, mean wages for construction laborers varied by industry from
$42,950 in residential building construction to $55,160 in highway, street, and
bridge construction.
Business and financial operations occupations
--Business and financial operations occupations had employment of 9.7 million,
representing 6.5 percent of U.S. employment. The annual mean wage for business
and financial operations occupations was $86,080. (See table 1.)
--The largest business and financial operations occupations included accountants and
auditors (1.4 million); business operations specialists, all other (1.1 million);
and project management specialists (843,910). (See table 1.)
--The highest paying business and financial operations occupations were personal
financial advisors ($137,740); agents and business managers of artists, performers,
and athletes ($120,100); and financial risk specialists ($116,140). (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying business and financial operations occupations included credit
counselors ($51,650) and farm labor contractors ($54,630). (See table 1.)
--Accountants and auditors had an annual mean wage of $86,740 nationally. (See table
1.) The District of Columbia ($110,750) and New York ($110,320) had the highest
average wages for this occupation. The lowest paying states for accountants and
auditors included Mississippi ($68,040) and Nevada ($68,980).
Largest occupations
--The largest occupations overall were retail salespersons (3.6 million), home health
and personal care aides (3.5 million), and general and operations managers (3.4
million). (See table 1.)
--Eight of the 10 largest occupations had below-average wages, including retail
salespersons ($34,730) and home health and personal care aides ($30,930). (See
table 1.)
--Of the 10 largest occupations, registered nurses ($89,010) and general and
operations managers ($122,860) were the only occupations with above-average wages.
(See table 1.)
Public sector occupations
--The public sector made up 14.5 percent of employment and had a different occupational
mix from the private sector.
--Several of the largest public sector occupations were related to education. These
occupations included elementary school teachers, except special education (public
sector employment of 1.2 million); teaching assistants, except postsecondary (993,600);
secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education (896,190);
and middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education (541,590).
--Outside of the educational instruction and library group, the occupations with the
highest public sector employment were police and sheriff's patrol officers (649,400);
registered nurses (514,990); and janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners (485,250).
Public/private sector ownership data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrci.htm.
Typical entry-level education
--Occupations typically requiring a high school diploma or the equivalent for entry
made up 38.2 percent of employment and occupations typically requiring no formal
educational credential for entry made up 21.9 percent of employment. These two
educational categories include many production and construction occupations, as
well as large occupations like retail salespersons and home health and personal
care aides.
--Occupations typically requiring postsecondary education for entry made up nearly
40 percent of employment. The largest postsecondary category, occupations typically
requiring a bachelor's degree for entry, made up 24.5 percent of employment. This
educational category includes registered nurses; teachers at the kindergarten through
secondary levels; and many management, business and financial operations, computer,
and engineering occupations.
--The largest occupations typically requiring a postsecondary nondegree award for
entry were heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers (2.0 million), nursing assistants
(1.3 million), and medical assistants (752,460). Occupations in this educational
category made up 6.1 percent of employment.
--Average wages were generally higher for occupations requiring more education. Annual
mean wages were $34,320 for occupations typically requiring no formal educational
credential for entry, $49,140 for occupations typically requiring a high school
diploma or the equivalent, $63,510 for occupations typically requiring an associate's
degree, and $99,650 for occupations typically requiring a bachelor's degree.
--The highest paying occupations typically requiring a postsecondary nondegree award
for entry included commercial pilots ($123,250); captains, mates, and pilots of water
vessels ($104,190); and ship engineers ($100,980).
The typical education level required to enter an occupation is based on education and
training categories from the BLS Employment Projections program. More information about
the system of education and training categories is available at
www.bls.gov/emp/documentation/education/tech.htm. Typical entry-level educational
requirements assigned to each occupation in the May 2022 OEWS estimates are available
at www.bls.gov/oes/educ_list_2022.xlsx. Additional charts are available at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/overview_2022.htm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Implementing the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) |
| |
| The May 2022 estimates are the first OEWS estimates to be produced using the 2022 |
| NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. |
| More information about the 2022 NAICS is available at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm. |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________|
_____________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Changes to the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Methodology |
| |
| The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the model-based (MB3) estimation method implemented |
| with the May 2021 estimates release. Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage |
| processing methodology for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey |
| Methods and Reliability Statement at www.bls.gov/oes/methods_22.pdf. |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) survey is a semiannual survey measuring occupational
employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. The
OEWS data available from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates for the nation;
over 580 areas, including states and the District of Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific estimates at the NAICS sector, 3-digit,
most 4-digit, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels; and national estimates by ownership across all
industries and for schools and hospitals.
The OEWS survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the state workforce agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the
survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the SWAs collect most of the data. OEWS
estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.1 million establishments. Each year, two semiannual
panels of approximately 179,000 to 187,000 sampled establishments are contacted, one panel in May and the
other in November. Responses are obtained by Internet or other electronic means, mail, email, telephone,
or personal visit. The May 2022 estimates are based on responses from six semiannual panels collected over
a 3-year period: May 2022, November 2021, May 2021, November 2020, May 2020, and November 2019. The
unweighted sampled employment of 80 million across all six semiannual panels represents approximately 57
percent of total national employment. The overall national response rate for the six panels, based on the
50 states and the District of Columbia, is 65.4 percent based on establishments and 62.5 percent based on
weighted sampled employment.
The occupational coding system
The May 2022 OEWS estimates contain approximately 830 occupational categories based on the Office of
Management and Budget’s 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Together, these occupations
make up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major group 55, Military Specific Occupations, is
not included.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For more
information about NAICS, see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OEWS survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with the exception of logging (NAICS 113310),
support activities for crop production (NAICS 1151), and support activities for animal production (NAICS 1152).
Private households (NAICS 814) also are excluded. OEWS federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service
and the federal executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local government, are covered
by the survey.
Survey sample
The OEWS survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI) files. Supplemental sources are used
for rail transportation (NAICS 4821) and Guam because they do not report to the UI program. The OEWS survey
sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area, industry, and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more likely to be selected than smaller
employers. A census is taken of the executive branch of the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and
state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an occupation. The OEWS survey
defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including
workers on paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees
for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station, regardless of whether that unit prepares their
paycheck. The survey does not include the self-employed, owners and partners in unincorporated firms, household
workers, or unpaid family workers.
Wages for the OEWS survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base rate; cost-of-living
allowances; guaranteed pay; hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including commissions and production bonuses;
and tips are included. Excluded are overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses,
employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The responding establishments are instructed to report hourly rates for part-time workers and to report annual
rates for occupations that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not work 2,080 hours per year, such as
teachers, pilots, and flight attendants. Other workers, such as some entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates,
but generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
OEWS receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service, and most state government,
local government, and private sector establishments. For the remaining establishments without wage rate data and
for all establishments in the November 2019 panel, the OEWS survey data were placed into 12 wage intervals. The
intervals are defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an
occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours.
Estimation methodology
The OEWS survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels of data collected over a 3-year period.
Each OEWS panel contains approximately 179,000 to 187,000 establishments. The full six-panel sample of 1.1 million
establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and occupation.
The May 2022 estimates were produced by a model-based estimation method using three years of OEWS data (MB3).
Under MB3, data provided by survey respondents are used to model occupational staffing patterns and wages for
all unobserved establishments in the population, including establishments that were not sampled, sampled
establishments that did not respond, and respondents that did not meet stability criteria.
A donor pool typically consisting of 10 nearest neighbor responding establishments is used to predict data for
each unobserved establishment; if 10 donors are not available, then as few as 5 can be used. Donors are matched
to recipients based on detailed industry, geographic area, ownership, size, and survey panel. Within a given
donor pool, donors that are more similar to the unobserved establishment are given more weight in determining
the modeled data.
Each establishment’s population employment is set as the average of its May 2022 and November 2021 employment
from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, the UI database from which the OEWS sample is drawn. Using
adjustment factors derived from the OEWS survey data, wages collected in earlier survey panels are adjusted
to the reference date of the estimates and donor wages are adjusted for differences between donor and recipient
characteristics such as geographic area and industry.
Changes and special procedures in the May 2022 estimates
The May 2022 estimates are the second official estimates to use the model-based MB3 estimation method introduced
in the May 2021 release. MB3 has advantages over the previous estimation method, as described in the Monthly Labor
Review article at
www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2019/article/model-based-estimates-for-the-occupational-employment-statistics-program.htm.
Additional updates were made to the MB3 wage processing for May 2022. For more information, see the May 2022 Survey
Methods and Reliability Statement at www.bls.gov/oes/methods_22.pdf.
The May 2022 estimates are the first to be produced using the 2022 NAICS, which replaces the 2017 NAICS used for
the May 2017-May 2021 estimates. All six survey panels used for the May 2022 estimates were collected using the
2017 NAICS codes; these data were then mapped to the corresponding 2022 NAICS codes.
The May 2022 OEWS estimates use the metropolitan area definitions delineated in Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) Bulletin 17-01. For more information, please see www.bls.gov/oes/current/msa_def.htm.
Response rates for the May 2022 estimates were negatively affected by the difficulty of collecting data from
employers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lower response rates may negatively affect data availability and data
quality.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OEWS data are available at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. If you
are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay
services.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics survey by occupation, May 2022
Median
Occupation Employment Mean wages hourly
Hourly Annual(1) wages
All occupations 147,886,000 $29.76 $61,900 $22.26
Management occupations 9,860,740 63.08 131,200 51.62
Top executives..................................................................... 3,618,820 62.04 129,050 48.02
Chief executives.................................................................. 199,240 118.48 246,440 91.12
General and operations managers................................................... 3,376,680 59.07 122,860 47.16
Legislators....................................................................... 42,890 (²) 71,100 (²)
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 977,490 73.23 152,320 63.86
Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 22,010 70.70 147,050 61.46
Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 864,970 73.79 153,470 64.37
Marketing managers............................................................... 328,570 76.10 158,280 67.33
Sales managers................................................................... 536,390 72.37 150,530 62.79
Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 90,510 68.56 142,610 60.40
Public relations managers........................................................ 64,280 72.13 150,030 62.23
Fundraising managers............................................................. 26,240 59.83 124,450 51.63
Operations specialties managers.................................................... 2,322,010 71.25 148,190 62.96
Administrative services and facilities managers................................... 353,550 54.06 112,440 48.98
Administrative services managers................................................. 236,570 55.59 115,640 49.68
Facilities managers.............................................................. 116,980 50.95 105,970 47.61
Computer and information systems managers......................................... 533,220 83.49 173,670 78.88
Financial managers................................................................ 740,780 79.83 166,050 67.21
Industrial production managers.................................................... 211,710 58.13 120,900 51.71
Purchasing managers............................................................... 75,070 67.62 140,650 63.15
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 169,910 52.36 108,910 47.39
Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 16,850 68.82 143,140 63.11
Human resources managers.......................................................... 181,360 70.07 145,750 62.50
Training and development managers................................................. 39,550 63.51 132,100 57.69
Other management occupations....................................................... 2,942,420 54.53 113,420 47.95
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 6,250 40.29 83,790 36.42
Construction managers............................................................. 303,220 54.22 112,790 48.79
Education and childcare administrators............................................ 563,170 49.70 103,370 47.08
Education and childcare administrators, preschool and daycare.................... 60,010 27.70 57,610 23.89
Education administrators, kindergarten through secondary......................... 285,910 (²) 106,690 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 167,060 55.38 115,180 48.05
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 50,180 47.99 99,820 42.85
Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 197,180 78.52 163,310 76.88
Food service managers............................................................. 231,100 32.27 67,130 29.48
Entertainment and recreation managers............................................. 27,750 39.68 82,530 34.34
Gambling managers................................................................ 4,800 46.07 95,830 38.80
Entertainment and recreation managers, except gambling........................... 22,950 38.34 79,750 32.32
Lodging managers.................................................................. 39,870 35.21 73,230 29.76
Medical and health services managers.............................................. 476,750 61.53 127,980 50.40
Natural sciences managers......................................................... 82,570 78.66 163,610 69.44
Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 13,460 40.48 84,190 39.79
Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 261,120 36.59 76,110 29.17
Social and community service managers............................................. 162,880 38.13 79,310 35.69
Emergency management directors.................................................... 11,290 42.74 88,890 38.07
Personal service managers......................................................... 22,520 36.18 75,250 29.86
Funeral home managers............................................................ 13,680 40.76 84,770 34.67
Personal service managers, all other............................................. 8,840 29.09 60,510 26.97
Managers, all other............................................................... 543,290 67.88 141,190 61.84
Business and financial operations occupations 9,677,720 41.39 86,080 36.95
Business operations specialists.................................................... 6,660,810 40.04 83,280 36.56
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 13,130 57.74 120,100 39.68
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 464,880 36.13 75,140 32.51
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 296,700 35.25 73,320 34.63
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 285,270 35.28 73,380 34.73
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 11,430 34.42 71,580 33.36
Compliance officers............................................................... 359,640 37.01 76,980 34.47
Cost estimators................................................................... 225,310 36.89 76,740 34.23
Human resources workers........................................................... 898,110 35.61 74,060 31.25
Human resources specialists...................................................... 835,360 35.13 73,080 30.88
Farm labor contractors........................................................... 550 26.26 54,630 23.72
Labor relations specialists...................................................... 62,200 42.05 87,470 39.43
Logisticians and project management specialists................................... 1,046,880 46.95 97,660 42.33
Logisticians..................................................................... 202,970 39.05 81,220 37.27
Project management specialists................................................... 843,910 48.85 101,610 45.85
Management analysts............................................................... 808,860 50.32 104,660 45.81
Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 112,070 28.24 58,750 25.27
Fundraisers....................................................................... 94,630 32.06 66,670 29.42
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 93,550 36.50 75,920 32.59
Training and development specialists.............................................. 367,180 33.59 69,870 30.33
Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 798,620 37.92 78,880 32.80
Business operations specialists, all other........................................ 1,081,230 39.75 82,670 36.53
Financial specialists.............................................................. 3,016,910 44.37 92,290 37.59
Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,402,420 41.70 86,740 37.50
Property appraisers and assessors................................................. 59,970 38.68 80,460 29.60
Budget analysts................................................................... 48,430 42.16 87,680 39.55
Credit analysts................................................................... 71,960 44.32 92,180 37.91
Financial analysts and advisors................................................... 736,130 56.14 116,770 43.60
Financial and investment analysts................................................ 291,370 52.30 108,790 45.71
Personal financial advisors...................................................... 283,060 66.22 137,740 45.86
Insurance underwriters........................................................... 105,900 39.90 82,990 36.65
Financial risk specialists....................................................... 55,800 55.84 116,140 49.10
Financial examiners............................................................... 63,370 45.97 95,610 39.52
Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 374,640 39.25 81,640 30.60
Credit counselors................................................................ 29,090 24.83 51,650 22.75
Loan officers.................................................................... 345,550 40.46 84,160 31.60
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 132,980 28.42 59,100 24.92
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 50,610 30.97 64,410 27.86
Tax preparers.................................................................... 82,370 26.85 55,840 23.20
Financial specialists, all other.................................................. 127,020 40.18 83,580 35.48
Computer and mathematical occupations 5,003,910 51.99 108,130 48.29
Computer occupations............................................................... 4,677,500 51.97 108,100 48.33
Computer and information analysts................................................. 668,900 53.15 110,550 50.11
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 505,210 51.70 107,530 49.15
Information security analysts.................................................... 163,690 57.63 119,860 53.85
Computer and information research scientists...................................... 33,780 74.94 155,880 65.69
Computer support specialists...................................................... 865,750 30.97 64,410 28.68
Computer network support specialists............................................. 168,920 36.57 76,060 32.72
Computer user support specialists................................................ 696,830 29.61 61,580 27.83
Database and network administrators and architects................................ 642,840 53.08 110,400 49.65
Computer network architects...................................................... 173,920 62.25 129,490 61.01
Database administrators.......................................................... 80,520 49.29 102,530 48.03
Database architects.............................................................. 62,470 65.65 136,540 64.84
Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 325,930 46.71 97,160 43.52
Software and web developers, programmers, and testers............................. 2,049,920 60.07 124,940 54.90
Computer programmers............................................................. 132,740 49.42 102,790 47.02
Software developers.............................................................. 1,534,790 63.91 132,930 61.18
Software quality assurance analysts and testers.................................. 196,420 50.84 105,750 47.89
Web developers................................................................... 88,620 42.11 87,580 37.78
Web and digital interface designers.............................................. 97,350 48.91 101,740 40.02
Computer occupations, all other................................................... 416,320 50.32 104,660 47.47
Mathematical science occupations................................................... 326,400 52.22 108,620 47.88
Actuaries......................................................................... 25,010 61.34 127,580 54.80
Mathematicians.................................................................... 2,070 54.74 113,860 53.90
Operations research analysts...................................................... 105,080 46.07 95,820 41.21
Statisticians..................................................................... 30,780 50.73 105,510 47.56
Data scientists................................................................... 159,630 55.40 115,240 49.76
Mathematical science occupations, all other....................................... 3,840 39.50 82,160 34.47
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,481,170 45.52 94,670 40.24
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 186,640 41.67 86,670 37.98
Architects, except naval.......................................................... 125,610 45.10 93,810 39.25
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 107,490 46.40 96,510 39.83
Landscape architects............................................................. 18,120 37.41 77,820 35.20
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 61,030 34.61 71,980 31.11
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 13,270 36.20 75,300 34.56
Surveyors........................................................................ 47,770 34.16 71,060 30.33
Engineers.......................................................................... 1,659,230 51.53 107,170 48.09
Aerospace engineers............................................................... 61,580 61.10 127,090 61.00
Agricultural engineers............................................................ 1,500 43.61 90,710 40.03
Bioengineers and biomedical engineers............................................. 19,210 51.95 108,060 47.86
Chemical engineers................................................................ 20,380 56.64 117,820 51.09
Civil engineers................................................................... 307,570 46.82 97,380 43.24
Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 74,640 67.71 140,830 63.64
Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 288,860 55.62 115,680 50.29
Electrical engineers............................................................. 182,210 54.83 114,050 49.67
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 106,640 56.95 118,460 52.00
Environmental engineers........................................................... 45,440 48.88 101,670 46.41
Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 342,920 47.54 98,880 46.44
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 21,520 49.79 103,570 48.40
Industrial engineers............................................................. 321,400 47.39 98,560 46.32
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 7,450 50.75 105,560 46.59
Materials engineers............................................................... 21,510 50.69 105,420 48.15
Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 277,560 48.47 100,820 46.31
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 7,390 48.70 101,290 46.87
Nuclear engineers................................................................. 12,250 59.88 124,540 58.89
Petroleum engineers............................................................... 20,540 68.66 142,800 63.37
Engineers, all other.............................................................. 150,420 53.50 111,280 50.29
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 635,300 30.95 64,370 29.37
Drafters.......................................................................... 192,410 30.43 63,300 29.04
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 105,960 29.64 61,660 28.76
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 20,930 33.00 68,640 30.89
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 47,540 31.59 65,700 29.48
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 17,980 29.02 60,370 27.71
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters........................ 386,310 32.10 66,780 30.06
Aerospace engineering and operations technologists and technicians............... 9,750 37.05 77,060 35.78
Civil engineering technologists and technicians.................................. 62,350 29.56 61,480 28.67
Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians.............. 99,050 34.04 70,810 31.92
Electro-mechanical and mechatronics technologists and technicians................ 14,540 31.69 65,920 29.12
Environmental engineering technologists and technicians.......................... 13,400 27.90 58,020 24.51
Industrial engineering technologists and technicians............................. 66,560 30.52 63,470 29.43
Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians............................. 39,610 31.02 64,530 29.80
Calibration technologists and technicians........................................ 10,790 32.31 67,200 29.83
Engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters, all other............ 70,250 33.92 70,550 31.50
Surveying and mapping technicians................................................. 56,580 24.79 51,570 22.68
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,314,360 40.21 83,640 35.74
Life scientists.................................................................... 318,780 46.56 96,840 39.93
Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 33,250 39.06 81,250 36.03
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,520 41.28 85,870 33.36
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 14,720 41.22 85,730 38.39
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 16,010 36.73 76,410 31.60
Biological scientists............................................................. 124,910 46.38 96,460 41.35
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 32,500 55.16 114,740 49.91
Microbiologists.................................................................. 19,710 42.77 88,950 39.42
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 17,410 34.91 72,610 32.42
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 55,300 46.11 95,920 41.97
Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 32,320 33.32 69,310 30.97
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 22,880 33.56 69,810 30.99
Foresters........................................................................ 9,430 32.74 68,090 30.87
Medical scientists................................................................ 119,980 52.27 108,720 46.74
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 9,430 41.29 85,880 37.75
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 110,550 53.21 110,670 48.04
Life scientists, all other........................................................ 8,320 48.26 100,370 40.35
Physical scientists................................................................ 251,060 46.91 97,570 40.27
Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 21,000 71.06 147,800 66.93
Astronomers...................................................................... 2,160 61.28 127,460 61.70
Physicists....................................................................... 18,840 72.18 150,130 68.68
Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 9,900 45.01 93,610 40.28
Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 91,570 44.33 92,210 39.33
Chemists......................................................................... 83,940 43.53 90,530 38.78
Materials scientists............................................................. 7,620 53.22 110,690 50.18
Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 108,780 42.96 89,350 37.85
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 77,270 40.30 83,820 36.77
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 25,230 50.27 104,560 42.06
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,270 46.30 96,300 41.34
Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 19,820 55.88 116,230 51.91
Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 256,110 45.46 94,560 40.39
Economists........................................................................ 16,370 61.63 128,180 54.78
Survey researchers................................................................ 7,880 31.94 66,440 29.04
Psychologists..................................................................... 138,310 46.25 96,190 41.02
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 1,280 69.52 144,610 66.96
Clinical and counseling psychologists............................................ 62,880 49.40 102,740 43.33
School psychologists............................................................. 60,250 42.09 87,550 39.18
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 13,900 47.87 99,560 51.16
Sociologists...................................................................... 2,980 48.71 101,310 47.40
Urban and regional planners....................................................... 39,880 39.63 82,420 38.24
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 50,690 44.61 92,800 41.38
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 7,350 32.84 68,310 30.74
Geographers...................................................................... 1,360 42.77 88,960 42.74
Historians....................................................................... 3,120 35.05 72,900 31.03
Political scientists............................................................. 5,660 60.64 126,140 61.55
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 33,210 45.46 94,560 42.74
Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 355,310 26.88 55,900 23.94
Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 27,490 23.37 48,610 22.18
Agricultural technicians......................................................... 13,140 21.94 45,640 20.08
Food science technicians......................................................... 14,350 24.68 51,320 23.01
Biological technicians............................................................ 73,710 25.75 53,560 23.87
Chemical technicians.............................................................. 56,030 27.01 56,180 24.44
Environmental science and geoscience technicians.................................. 46,010 26.99 56,140 23.38
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 33,920 25.95 53,970 23.26
Geological technicians, except hydrologic technicians............................ 9,170 29.24 60,810 23.31
Hydrologic technicians........................................................... 2,920 32.04 66,640 28.06
Nuclear technicians............................................................... 5,880 46.65 97,040 48.28
Social science research assistants................................................ 28,720 27.77 57,760 24.26
Forest and conservation technicians............................................... 29,120 21.64 45,000 19.96
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 88,360 28.88 60,070 25.66
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 17,590 33.30 69,260 30.64
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 70,770 27.78 57,790 24.18
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians......................... 133,100 37.86 78,750 36.17
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 133,100 37.86 78,750 36.17
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 109,430 39.47 82,110 37.77
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 23,670 30.40 63,230 27.87
Community and social service occupations 2,313,620 26.81 55,760 23.74
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 2,225,730 26.76 55,660 23.72
Counselors........................................................................ 834,740 28.08 58,400 24.61
Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors........................ 308,000 30.87 64,200 28.92
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 62,080 30.44 63,300 27.20
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 82,420 22.13 46,020 19.23
Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors............... 344,970 27.03 56,230 23.90
Counselors, all other............................................................ 37,270 23.93 49,770 20.86
Social workers.................................................................... 689,750 28.58 59,440 26.61
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 344,770 27.25 56,680 24.43
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 182,420 30.17 62,760 28.98
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 107,940 28.91 60,130 24.63
Social workers, all other........................................................ 54,620 30.94 64,360 29.53
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 701,240 23.40 48,680 21.18
Health education specialists..................................................... 56,190 32.07 66,710 28.84
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 89,920 31.21 64,920 28.78
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 399,560 20.00 41,600 18.52
Community health workers......................................................... 61,300 23.99 49,900 22.21
Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 94,270 24.82 51,620 22.74
Religious workers.................................................................. 87,890 28.11 58,480 24.37
Clergy............................................................................ 53,140 28.93 60,180 26.71
Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 24,030 29.11 60,540 23.74
Religious workers, all other...................................................... 10,720 21.84 45,420 18.93
Legal occupations 1,216,600 59.87 124,540 45.76
Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 771,200 76.78 159,710 64.19
Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 722,710 77.73 161,680 64.49
Lawyers.......................................................................... 707,160 78.74 163,770 65.26
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 15,540 31.88 66,310 27.64
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 48,500 62.68 130,380 54.61
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 12,490 46.75 97,250 45.67
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 7,780 47.56 98,920 30.78
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 28,230 73.90 153,700 72.61
Legal support workers.............................................................. 445,400 30.60 63,640 28.28
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 345,240 30.21 62,840 28.46
Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 100,160 31.92 66,390 27.33
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 53,680 27.42 57,030 24.28
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 46,480 37.11 77,200 29.97
Educational instruction and library occupations 8,496,780 30.41 63,240 27.64
Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,380,290 (²) 96,130 (²)
Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 78,410 (²) 108,060 (²)
Math and computer science teachers, postsecondary................................. 80,430 (²) 93,690 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 33,870 (²) 98,610 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 46,560 (²) 90,110 (²)
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 42,440 (²) 112,940 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 6,420 (²) 104,370 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 36,010 (²) 114,470 (²)
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 59,420 (²) 97,650 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 8,240 (²) 96,650 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 49,920 (²) 97,800 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 1,270 (²) 98,160 (²)
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 50,900 (²) 98,880 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 11,150 (²) 107,540 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 20,650 (²) 95,250 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 6,240 (²) 91,450 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 12,860 (²) 100,810 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 112,710 (²) 94,480 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 4,930 (²) 98,940 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 9,340 (²) 92,980 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 11,640 (²) 122,750 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 3,340 (²) 87,880 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 15,190 (²) 98,420 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 40,050 (²) 88,470 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 12,030 (²) 90,200 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 16,200 (²) 89,350 (²)
Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 276,880 (²) 116,780 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 207,700 (²) 127,640 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 69,190 (²) 84,180 (²)
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 62,610 (²) 78,770 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 58,280 (²) 78,540 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,330 (²) 81,720 (²)
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 40,780 (²) 97,900 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 13,900 (²) 78,980 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 14,830 (²) 133,950 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 12,050 (²) 75,330 (²)
Arts, communications, history, and humanities teachers, postsecondary............. 242,260 (²) 88,260 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 97,830 (²) 93,440 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 27,350 (²) 84,700 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 57,680 (²) 83,130 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 19,520 (²) 83,300 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 18,250 (²) 88,640 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 21,620 (²) 87,100 (²)
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 333,440 (²) 83,240 (²)
Family and consumer sciences teachers, postsecondary............................. 2,420 (²) 89,840 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 13,400 (²) 82,020 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, postsecondary............................... 103,100 31.49 65,500 28.77
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 214,520 (²) 91,760 (²)
Preschool, elementary, middle, secondary, and special education teachers........... 4,177,640 (²) 65,580 (²)
Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 534,610 21.42 44,540 17.79
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 415,360 18.58 38,640 16.99
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 119,250 (²) 65,120 (²)
Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 2,016,430 (²) 67,930 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,394,200 (²) 68,000 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 611,120 (²) 67,790 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 11,110 (²) 67,680 (²)
Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,130,370 (²) 69,330 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 1,042,090 (²) 69,480 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 88,280 (²) 67,610 (²)
Special education teachers........................................................ 496,220 (²) 70,110 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 22,970 (²) 69,620 (²)
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 195,010 (²) 68,580 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 82,970 (²) 69,530 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 152,490 (²) 71,290 (²)
Special education teachers, all other............................................ 42,780 (²) 74,310 (²)
Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 977,300 23.41 48,700 18.51
Adult basic education, adult secondary education, and English as a second
language instructors............................................................. 36,490 30.35 63,130 28.17
Self-enrichment teachers.......................................................... 248,150 24.19 50,320 21.21
Substitute teachers, short-term................................................... 397,200 20.52 42,680 16.95
Tutors............................................................................ 174,980 21.55 44,820 17.63
Teachers and instructors, all other............................................... 120,480 (²) 66,450 (²)
Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 236,090 27.28 56,750 24.62
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 31,080 29.28 60,900 25.68
Archivists....................................................................... 7,230 30.76 63,980 28.19
Curators......................................................................... 11,620 32.45 67,490 29.03
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 12,240 25.40 52,820 22.72
Librarians and media collections specialists...................................... 131,680 31.14 64,770 29.65
Library technicians............................................................... 73,330 19.52 40,590 18.08
Other educational instruction and library occupations.............................. 1,725,460 (²) 40,410 (²)
Farm and home management educators................................................ 8,220 28.10 58,450 25.70
Instructional coordinators........................................................ 198,660 35.14 73,080 31.97
Teaching assistants............................................................... 1,389,400 (²) 34,530 (²)
Teaching assistants, postsecondary............................................... 135,160 (²) 41,900 (²)
Teaching assistants, except postsecondary........................................ 1,254,240 (²) 33,740 (²)
Educational instruction and library workers, all other............................ 129,170 25.12 52,250 22.91
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 2,063,380 36.78 76,500 27.90
Art and design workers............................................................. 678,620 31.34 65,180 24.59
Artists and related workers....................................................... 114,810 51.95 108,050 45.78
Art directors.................................................................... 54,470 59.76 124,310 50.57
Craft artists.................................................................... 4,760 23.65 49,180 18.34
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 12,080 33.59 69,870 27.67
Special effects artists and animators............................................ 35,990 53.43 111,130 47.57
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 7,510 35.64 74,130 33.54
Designers......................................................................... 563,810 27.14 56,450 22.59
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 30,450 39.30 81,740 36.50
Fashion designers................................................................ 20,560 41.23 85,760 36.87
Floral designers................................................................. 42,840 16.50 34,310 15.94
Graphic designers................................................................ 211,890 31.01 64,500 27.88
Interior designers............................................................... 64,290 32.43 67,460 29.61
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 173,110 18.33 38,120 17.01
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 9,490 32.93 68,490 28.84
Designers, all other............................................................. 11,180 36.75 76,430 31.44
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 526,600 40.88 85,030 25.45
Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 207,920 48.74 101,370 36.27
Actors........................................................................... 54,160 36.06 (²) 17.94
Producers and directors.......................................................... 153,770 53.20 110,660 41.02
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 243,620 (²) 71,730 (²)
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 11,930 (²) 358,080 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 218,970 (²) 57,450 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 12,720 (²) 49,030 (²)
Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 14,340 25.99 54,050 22.62
Dancers.......................................................................... 8,930 24.62 (²) 21.64
Choreographers................................................................... 5,400 28.24 58,740 24.52
Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 43,440 49.05 (²) 36.01
Music directors and composers.................................................... 11,690 45.88 95,430 30.26
Musicians and singers............................................................ 31,750 50.21 (²) 39.14
Miscellaneous entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............. 17,280 28.30 (²) 20.90
Disc jockeys, except radio....................................................... 5,640 25.48 (²) 21.34
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other............... 11,640 29.67 (²) 20.31
Media and communication workers.................................................... 630,340 40.81 84,890 31.85
Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys....................................... 26,820 74.87 155,730 20.07
News analysts, reporters, and journalists......................................... 44,530 41.49 86,290 26.90
Public relations specialists...................................................... 264,750 37.76 78,540 32.42
Writers and editors............................................................... 204,060 41.86 87,070 36.10
Editors.......................................................................... 101,430 40.78 84,820 35.14
Technical writers................................................................ 48,620 41.71 86,760 38.44
Writers and authors.............................................................. 54,010 44.02 91,560 35.17
Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 90,190 36.94 76,830 27.97
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 52,160 29.68 61,730 25.79
Court reporters and simultaneous captioners...................................... 14,240 33.79 70,290 30.56
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 23,780 54.73 113,840 31.25
Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 227,810 32.36 67,310 25.40
Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians........................................ 111,090 33.27 69,190 25.94
Audio and video technicians...................................................... 56,110 27.74 57,710 24.36
Broadcast technicians............................................................ 33,020 40.80 84,860 29.19
Sound engineering technicians.................................................... 13,420 36.34 75,590 29.17
Lighting technicians............................................................. 8,540 35.59 74,020 29.64
Photographers..................................................................... 47,380 24.14 50,210 19.31
Television, video, and film camera operators and editors.......................... 55,040 36.72 76,380 30.01
Camera operators, television, video, and film.................................... 22,970 33.63 69,940 27.99
Film and video editors........................................................... 32,080 38.94 80,990 30.54
Media and communication equipment workers, all other.............................. 14,300 35.81 74,490 33.41
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 9,043,070 46.52 96,770 37.38
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners.................................... 5,965,270 57.21 118,990 45.05
Chiropractors..................................................................... 37,740 40.25 83,720 36.24
Dentists.......................................................................... 136,970 86.97 180,900 76.70
Dentists, general................................................................ 120,740 82.83 172,290 74.54
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 4,290 148.76 309,410 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 6,310 104.00 216,320 83.83
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 5,250 112.23 233,430 102.28
Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 69,880 33.34 69,350 31.95
Optometrists...................................................................... 40,640 63.99 133,100 60.38
Pharmacists....................................................................... 325,480 62.22 129,410 63.82
Physician assistants.............................................................. 140,910 60.23 125,270 60.58
Podiatrists....................................................................... 9,320 75.95 157,970 71.50
Therapists........................................................................ 712,330 42.69 88,800 40.37
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 134,980 44.61 92,800 44.80
Physical therapists.............................................................. 229,740 47.10 97,960 46.98
Radiation therapists............................................................. 15,510 47.28 98,340 43.04
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 15,920 27.07 56,310 24.68
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 129,910 35.73 74,310 33.91
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 162,760 43.01 89,460 40.45
Exercise physiologists........................................................... 6,580 26.84 55,820 24.69
Therapists, all other............................................................ 16,920 34.55 71,860 29.23
Veterinarians..................................................................... 78,810 62.07 129,110 49.64
Registered nurses................................................................. 3,072,700 42.80 89,010 39.05
Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 46,540 98.93 205,770 97.64
Nurse midwives.................................................................... 7,950 58.87 122,450 58.12
Nurse practitioners............................................................... 258,230 59.94 124,680 58.47
Audiologists...................................................................... 13,940 43.02 89,490 39.75
Physicians........................................................................ 702,910 121.15 251,990 109.22
Anesthesiologists................................................................ 37,430 145.66 302,970 (³)
Cardiologists.................................................................... 16,870 202.56 421,330 (³)
Dermatologists................................................................... 11,640 157.53 327,650 (³)
Emergency medicine physicians.................................................... 29,260 152.21 316,600 (³)
Family medicine physicians....................................................... 100,940 107.91 224,460 101.59
General internal medicine physicians............................................. 67,220 108.30 225,270 103.11
Neurologists..................................................................... 11,340 122.84 255,510 107.82
Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................. 21,450 133.33 277,320 (³)
Pediatricians, general........................................................... 33,430 97.71 203,240 91.51
Physicians, pathologists......................................................... 12,320 121.56 252,850 (³)
Psychiatrists.................................................................... 26,500 118.92 247,350 109.08
Radiologists..................................................................... 29,250 158.21 329,080 (³)
Physicians, all other............................................................ 305,260 114.76 238,700 107.41
Surgeons.......................................................................... 58,330 162.49 337,980 (³)
Ophthalmologists, except pediatric............................................... 12,580 127.62 265,450 105.68
Orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric............................................ 19,060 178.56 371,400 (³)
Pediatric surgeons............................................................... 780 174.51 362,970 (³)
Surgeons, all other.............................................................. 25,910 167.25 347,870 (³)
Miscellaneous healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners..................... 252,580 43.00 89,440 39.40
Acupuncturists................................................................... 7,800 39.61 82,390 34.72
Dental hygienists................................................................ 214,700 40.80 84,860 39.14
Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other....................... 30,080 59.60 123,960 51.07
Health technologists and technicians............................................... 2,949,600 25.59 53,230 23.35
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 333,600 28.43 59,130 27.59
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians.................................. 411,120 35.91 74,700 35.84
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians..................................... 55,750 31.49 65,490 30.30
Diagnostic medical sonographers.................................................. 81,080 40.58 84,410 39.11
Nuclear medicine technologists................................................... 16,910 43.08 89,610 41.01
Radiologic technologists and technicians......................................... 215,820 33.77 70,240 31.32
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists......................................... 38,380 39.20 81,530 38.51
Medical dosimetrists............................................................. 3,190 62.06 129,080 62.01
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 263,160 21.63 45,000 18.95
Emergency medical technicians.................................................... 167,720 19.29 40,120 17.64
Paramedics....................................................................... 95,440 25.75 53,560 23.60
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 866,480 20.48 42,600 18.64
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 19,690 17.49 36,370 16.33
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 453,630 19.35 40,260 18.17
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 100,950 19.60 40,760 17.97
Surgical technologists........................................................... 107,400 27.64 57,500 26.91
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 118,750 19.60 40,770 18.38
Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 66,060 20.42 42,480 18.68
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 632,020 26.86 55,860 26.26
Medical records specialists....................................................... 187,720 24.56 51,090 22.69
Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 73,460 21.58 44,890 19.04
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians................................ 182,030 25.39 52,810 22.08
Orthotists and prosthetists...................................................... 9,150 37.61 78,240 37.05
Hearing aid specialists.......................................................... 10,080 30.04 62,480 28.38
Health technologists and technicians, all other.................................. 162,800 24.42 50,790 21.63
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 128,200 31.05 64,580 27.76
Health information technologists and medical registrars........................... 35,500 31.38 65,280 28.01
Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers.......................... 92,710 30.92 64,310 27.71
Athletic trainers................................................................ 29,720 (²) 57,810 (²)
Genetic counselors............................................................... 3,220 44.77 93,120 43.26
Surgical assistants.............................................................. 18,650 29.42 61,200 27.54
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 41,130 32.78 68,170 28.92
Healthcare support occupations 6,792,310 17.10 35,560 16.16
Home health and personal care aides; and nursing assistants, orderlies, and
psychiatric aides................................................................. 4,889,700 15.60 32,440 15.12
Home health and personal care aides............................................... 3,504,230 14.87 30,930 14.51
Nursing assistants, orderlies, and psychiatric aides.............................. 1,385,470 17.44 36,270 17.19
Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,310,090 17.41 36,220 17.19
Orderlies........................................................................ 44,790 17.34 36,070 16.60
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 30,590 18.57 38,620 17.86
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 188,060 27.58 57,370 28.64
Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 47,520 30.99 64,470 30.51
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 43,810 31.86 66,280 30.89
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 3,710 20.71 43,090 17.82
Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 140,540 26.43 54,980 27.52
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 97,740 31.01 64,510 30.18
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 42,800 15.97 33,210 15.10
Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,714,550 20.23 42,070 18.66
Massage therapists................................................................ 86,270 27.43 57,060 23.97
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,628,280 19.84 41,280 18.53
Dental assistants................................................................ 363,880 21.50 44,710 21.55
Medical assistants............................................................... 752,460 19.57 40,700 18.40
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 63,890 21.61 44,940 19.94
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 48,680 17.83 37,090 16.70
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 43,230 17.24 35,870 15.99
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 111,880 16.58 34,490 16.70
Phlebotomists.................................................................... 137,090 19.51 40,580 18.53
Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 107,170 20.91 43,490 19.43
Protective service occupations 3,437,610 25.97 54,010 21.85
Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 354,660 39.18 81,500 36.42
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 187,760 43.61 90,710 40.55
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 55,900 33.74 70,190 30.44
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 131,860 47.79 99,410 46.29
First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers..................... 84,040 40.78 84,810 38.53
Miscellaneous first-line supervisors, protective service workers.................. 82,860 27.54 57,280 25.41
First-line supervisors of security workers....................................... 59,520 26.32 54,750 23.47
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other.................. 23,340 30.64 63,730 29.34
Firefighting and prevention workers................................................ 338,250 27.50 57,200 25.36
Firefighters...................................................................... 321,450 27.07 56,310 24.85
Fire inspectors................................................................... 16,800 35.66 74,170 31.63
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 14,510 36.98 76,910 33.39
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 2,290 27.30 56,780 23.13
Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,161,080 32.49 67,580 29.66
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 379,720 26.33 54,760 23.85
Bailiffs......................................................................... 16,470 26.29 54,680 23.60
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 363,250 26.33 54,760 23.85
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 107,400 44.04 91,610 41.48
Fish and game wardens............................................................. 6,530 28.78 59,860 28.61
Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 8,150 21.48 44,670 19.99
Police officers................................................................... 659,270 34.33 71,410 31.64
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 655,890 34.32 71,380 31.63
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 3,370 36.72 76,380 33.25
Other protective service workers................................................... 1,583,620 17.89 37,220 16.66
Animal control workers............................................................ 11,490 21.05 43,780 18.90
Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 32,050 28.56 59,400 25.06
Security guards and gambling surveillance officers................................ 1,135,390 17.65 36,720 16.71
Gambling surveillance officers and gambling investigators........................ 10,500 18.89 39,290 17.30
Security guards.................................................................. 1,124,890 17.64 36,700 16.71
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 404,680 17.63 36,670 15.80
Crossing guards and flaggers..................................................... 91,270 18.02 37,490 16.05
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 107,930 13.64 28,370 13.11
Transportation security screeners................................................ 47,550 23.33 48,520 22.94
School bus monitors.............................................................. 64,100 14.93 31,040 14.37
Protective service workers, all other............................................ 93,840 20.80 43,270 17.53
Food preparation and serving related occupations 12,514,620 15.45 32,130 14.25
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 1,329,810 20.83 43,330 18.24
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 1,329,810 20.83 43,330 18.24
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 160,190 28.95 60,210 27.17
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 1,169,620 19.72 41,020 17.81
Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 3,521,670 15.26 31,730 14.71
Cooks............................................................................. 2,617,340 15.42 32,080 14.86
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 725,590 13.43 27,920 13.29
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 417,780 16.19 33,670 15.63
Cooks, private household......................................................... 610 21.88 45,510 18.54
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,321,480 16.32 33,940 16.40
Cooks, short order............................................................... 133,290 14.80 30,770 14.60
Cooks, all other................................................................. 18,590 16.88 35,120 16.06
Food preparation workers.......................................................... 904,330 14.77 30,720 14.32
Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 6,309,200 14.69 30,540 13.67
Bartenders........................................................................ 613,070 16.58 34,490 14.12
Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 3,325,050 13.53 28,130 13.43
Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 2,122,210 15.87 33,020 14.00
Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 248,870 15.36 31,940 14.57
Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,353,950 14.23 29,600 13.82
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 439,770 14.56 30,290 14.00
Dishwashers....................................................................... 431,840 14.21 29,560 13.98
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 400,420 13.64 28,380 13.33
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 81,930 15.38 31,990 14.83
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,316,350 17.26 35,900 16.28
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 288,670 24.51 50,980 22.71
First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 288,670 24.51 50,980 22.71
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 165,750 22.80 47,430 21.36
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 122,910 26.81 55,770 24.43
Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 3,026,520 16.22 33,730 15.19
Building cleaning workers......................................................... 2,935,360 16.09 33,470 15.07
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,148,350 16.33 33,960 15.38
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 771,390 15.35 31,920 14.40
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 15,630 19.89 41,360 17.88
Pest control workers.............................................................. 91,160 20.29 42,210 18.42
Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 1,001,160 18.32 38,100 17.39
Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 1,001,160 18.32 38,100 17.39
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 914,230 17.92 37,270 17.26
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 22,740 20.46 42,560 19.93
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 48,150 23.95 49,820 22.64
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 16,050 21.03 43,750 19.00
Personal care and service occupations 2,835,650 17.41 36,210 15.07
Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 205,440 23.46 48,790 21.80
First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers.................... 100,950 24.19 50,310 22.47
First-line supervisors of gambling services workers.............................. 21,900 27.11 56,400 27.06
First-line supervisors of entertainment and recreation workers, except
gambling services............................................................... 79,060 23.38 48,630 21.47
First-line supervisors of personal service workers................................ 104,480 22.75 47,330 21.00
Animal care and service workers.................................................... 274,380 15.76 32,780 14.32
Animal trainers................................................................... 17,710 20.11 41,820 17.13
Animal caretakers................................................................. 256,670 15.46 32,160 14.20
Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 539,090 14.34 29,830 13.49
Gambling services workers......................................................... 91,460 16.43 34,170 14.00
Gambling dealers................................................................. 71,290 16.51 34,350 14.00
Gambling and sports book writers and runners..................................... 7,910 15.53 32,310 13.91
Gambling service workers, all other.............................................. 12,260 16.51 34,340 14.59
Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 1,900 17.17 35,710 16.04
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 98,350 13.80 28,700 13.29
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 347,380 13.93 28,980 13.43
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 324,580 13.63 28,350 13.36
Costume attendants............................................................... 5,730 26.48 55,070 23.30
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 12,130 15.66 32,560 14.53
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 4,930 14.81 30,810 13.11
Funeral service workers............................................................ 63,770 21.64 45,010 17.94
Embalmers and crematory operators................................................. 6,880 23.77 49,440 22.25
Embalmers........................................................................ 3,950 26.02 54,120 23.99
Crematory operators.............................................................. 2,930 20.73 43,120 19.40
Funeral attendants................................................................ 32,950 16.51 34,340 14.98
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers.................................... 23,940 28.09 58,430 24.79
Personal appearance workers........................................................ 521,210 18.61 38,720 16.00
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 310,750 18.72 38,930 16.06
Barbers.......................................................................... 12,690 18.92 39,350 16.82
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 298,050 18.71 38,910 16.01
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 210,460 18.46 38,400 15.87
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 2,970 45.12 93,850 46.33
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 138,020 16.14 33,560 14.97
Shampooers....................................................................... 7,480 13.40 27,870 13.40
Skincare specialists............................................................. 61,990 22.98 47,790 18.30
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 64,120 17.38 36,140 16.29
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 64,120 17.38 36,140 16.29
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 26,520 15.93 33,130 15.15
Concierges....................................................................... 37,600 18.40 38,270 17.10
Tour and travel guides............................................................. 41,180 18.17 37,790 16.56
Tour and travel guides............................................................ 41,180 18.17 37,790 16.56
Other personal care and service workers............................................ 1,126,460 17.35 36,080 15.18
Childcare workers................................................................. 459,460 14.22 29,570 13.71
Recreation and fitness workers.................................................... 520,920 20.13 41,870 16.91
Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors.................................. 250,540 24.12 50,170 21.82
Recreation workers............................................................... 270,380 16.43 34,170 15.23
Residential advisors.............................................................. 86,770 18.04 37,530 17.17
Personal care and service workers, all other...................................... 59,310 16.14 33,580 16.67
Sales and related occupations 13,183,250 24.22 50,370 16.96
Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,334,680 28.10 58,450 22.98
First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,334,680 28.10 58,450 22.98
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,097,160 24.10 50,130 21.75
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 237,520 46.58 96,890 39.83
Retail sales workers............................................................... 7,584,940 15.62 32,500 14.26
Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,314,840 13.83 28,760 13.58
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,296,040 13.81 28,730 13.58
Gambling change persons and booth cashiers....................................... 18,800 15.84 32,950 14.43
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 630,050 18.89 39,290 17.22
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 370,770 18.90 39,320 17.23
Parts salespersons............................................................... 259,280 18.87 39,250 17.21
Retail salespersons............................................................... 3,640,040 16.70 34,730 14.71
Sales representatives, services.................................................... 2,124,250 39.05 81,230 29.42
Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 106,560 35.22 73,260 28.10
Insurance sales agents............................................................ 445,540 37.00 76,950 27.82
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 443,220 48.43 100,740 32.44
Travel agents..................................................................... 53,180 23.20 48,250 22.31
Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial
services, and travel............................................................. 1,075,750 37.21 77,390 30.00
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,564,230 39.92 83,030 32.57
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,564,230 39.92 83,030 32.57
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products........................................................................ 290,830 52.86 109,950 46.97
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and
scientific products............................................................. 1,273,400 36.96 76,890 30.40
Other sales and related workers.................................................... 575,150 31.00 64,480 22.10
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 45,480 19.34 40,230 16.75
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 43,410 18.50 38,470 16.71
Models........................................................................... 2,070 37.17 77,310 20.73
Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 245,320 34.23 71,200 25.02
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 52,310 43.72 90,930 29.90
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 193,010 31.66 65,850 24.03
Sales engineers................................................................... 59,700 60.32 125,460 52.18
Telemarketers..................................................................... 96,520 16.15 33,600 14.92
Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 128,130 26.48 55,080 20.30
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 8,640 17.44 36,280 14.95
Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 119,490 27.13 56,440 21.21
Office and administrative support occupations 18,674,770 21.90 45,550 19.67
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,495,440 31.49 65,510 29.51
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,495,440 31.49 65,510 29.51
Communications equipment operators................................................. 52,700 18.21 37,870 16.84
Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 47,430 17.90 37,230 16.67
Telephone operators............................................................... 4,030 19.99 41,590 18.43
Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 1,240 24.11 50,140 22.20
Financial clerks................................................................... 2,824,120 21.92 45,600 21.00
Bill and account collectors....................................................... 202,840 20.59 42,820 18.98
Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 441,980 21.54 44,800 20.58
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,550,750 22.81 47,440 22.05
Gambling cage workers............................................................. 11,730 16.04 33,370 15.25
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 159,190 25.14 52,300 23.86
Procurement clerks................................................................ 63,340 22.38 46,560 21.75
Tellers........................................................................... 352,440 17.69 36,800 17.49
Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 41,850 23.90 49,710 22.66
Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,615,960 19.47 40,500 18.00
Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 42,700 28.46 59,200 26.29
Correspondence clerks............................................................. 4,970 20.46 42,560 18.61
Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 159,760 22.25 46,280 21.22
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 16,290 22.20 46,180 21.55
Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,879,840 19.80 41,190 18.16
Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 149,760 24.05 50,020 23.67
File clerks....................................................................... 87,250 19.02 39,560 17.93
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 243,180 14.57 30,300 13.90
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 168,680 19.78 41,140 18.61
Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 77,660 16.34 33,980 14.98
Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 242,630 22.47 46,740 22.35
New accounts clerks............................................................... 45,170 20.62 42,880 19.63
Order clerks...................................................................... 113,500 19.49 40,540 18.30
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 103,680 22.55 46,900 22.08
Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 1,011,170 16.64 34,600 16.33
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 119,130 21.84 45,440 18.83
Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 150,590 22.07 45,910 21.50
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 2,306,600 22.97 47,770 21.43
Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 93,480 23.91 49,740 22.53
Couriers and messengers........................................................... 75,800 17.43 36,250 16.96
Dispatchers....................................................................... 302,110 23.40 48,670 21.90
Public safety telecommunicators.................................................. 95,730 23.74 49,370 22.55
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 206,370 23.25 48,350 21.55
Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 20,460 23.94 49,800 21.52
Postal service workers............................................................ 523,980 26.69 55,520 25.81
Postal service clerks............................................................ 77,690 27.11 56,400 27.02
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 326,760 27.04 56,240 26.08
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 119,530 25.48 52,990 23.62
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 389,920 26.48 55,080 24.34
Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks......................................... 848,240 19.45 40,450 18.15
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 52,610 19.94 41,470 19.21
Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,144,510 22.92 47,670 21.19
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,144,510 22.92 47,670 21.19
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 475,240 34.16 71,060 31.72
Legal secretaries and administrative assistants.................................. 159,940 26.05 54,180 23.45
Medical secretaries and administrative assistants................................ 682,630 19.84 41,260 18.51
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 1,826,710 20.87 43,410 19.71
Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,235,430 19.98 41,550 18.41
Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 199,370 18.97 39,450 17.92
Data entry keyers................................................................ 157,380 18.26 37,970 17.40
Word processors and typists...................................................... 41,990 21.63 44,990 21.31
Desktop publishers................................................................ 6,560 25.67 53,390 23.04
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 227,580 23.00 47,840 22.15
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 67,750 17.41 36,210 16.86
Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,517,350 19.78 41,140 18.29
Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 30,410 18.41 38,300 17.65
Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 5,120 23.45 48,770 21.83
Statistical assistants............................................................ 6,710 26.26 54,630 23.50
Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 174,590 20.75 43,150 18.59
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 461,750 18.21 37,870 16.33
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 27,670 28.28 58,820 26.20
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 27,670 28.28 58,820 26.20
Agricultural workers............................................................... 390,500 17.04 35,440 16.06
Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 14,000 23.57 49,020 21.50
Animal breeders................................................................... 1,270 23.39 48,650 21.79
Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 23,280 15.86 32,990 15.65
Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 351,950 16.84 35,020 16.00
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 28,830 19.11 39,750 18.16
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 284,000 16.49 34,300 15.87
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 33,020 17.45 36,290 16.42
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 6,100 18.84 39,180 17.17
Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 42,830 22.22 46,210 21.66
Forest and conservation workers................................................... 6,080 17.31 36,010 15.51
Logging workers................................................................... 36,750 23.03 47,900 22.40
Fallers.......................................................................... 4,530 27.95 58,130 23.64
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 24,780 22.39 46,570 22.31
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 3,950 21.43 44,570 20.37
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 3,490 23.01 47,850 22.65
Construction and extraction occupations 6,075,520 28.08 58,400 24.31
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 720,900 37.33 77,650 35.62
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 720,900 37.33 77,650 35.62
Construction trades workers........................................................ 4,509,820 27.17 56,510 23.72
Boilermakers...................................................................... 13,570 33.55 69,780 32.17
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 65,750 29.52 61,400 28.03
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 55,530 29.99 62,380 28.37
Stonemasons...................................................................... 10,220 26.97 56,100 24.14
Carpenters........................................................................ 689,770 27.99 58,210 24.71
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 83,150 25.43 52,880 23.03
Carpet installers................................................................ 17,400 23.81 49,520 21.75
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 20,710 26.38 54,870 23.50
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 4,270 23.72 49,330 22.14
Tile and stone setters........................................................... 40,760 25.81 53,680 23.24
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 198,190 25.94 53,950 23.24
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 196,730 25.91 53,890 23.22
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 1,460 29.66 61,680 25.16
Construction laborers............................................................. 1,012,780 22.29 46,350 19.59
Construction equipment operators.................................................. 467,800 28.32 58,910 24.54
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 41,470 25.35 52,730 22.73
Pile driver operators............................................................ 3,290 33.76 70,220 30.92
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 423,040 28.57 59,420 24.73
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 105,880 28.35 58,960 24.60
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 91,590 27.83 57,880 24.25
Tapers........................................................................... 14,290 31.67 65,880 29.98
Electricians...................................................................... 690,050 31.39 65,280 28.96
Glaziers.......................................................................... 51,630 26.52 55,160 23.42
Insulation workers................................................................ 58,790 25.64 53,330 23.07
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 33,130 23.49 48,870 21.82
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 25,660 28.42 59,100 24.32
Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 217,890 23.73 49,350 22.16
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 215,680 23.73 49,350 22.16
Paperhangers..................................................................... 2,220 23.57 49,030 21.60
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 463,990 30.82 64,110 28.52
Pipelayers....................................................................... 36,070 24.63 51,230 22.11
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 427,920 31.34 65,190 28.89
Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 25,950 26.75 55,650 23.91
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 17,270 27.78 57,780 24.55
Roofers........................................................................... 131,980 24.96 51,910 23.04
Sheet metal workers............................................................... 120,810 29.47 61,300 26.61
Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 66,810 31.15 64,800 29.09
Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 27,760 23.06 47,970 21.75
Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 202,410 18.90 39,320 17.87
Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 202,410 18.90 39,320 17.87
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 17,730 21.27 44,230 18.96
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 24,580 18.69 38,880 18.03
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 71,000 18.67 38,840 17.82
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 8,630 18.29 38,040 17.35
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 46,760 18.07 37,590 17.47
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 5,790 19.65 40,880 17.80
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 27,920 19.61 40,790 18.18
Other construction and related workers............................................. 446,630 27.40 56,990 23.88
Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 128,950 33.72 70,130 31.00
Elevator and escalator installers and repairers................................... 24,380 45.17 93,960 47.60
Fence erectors.................................................................... 27,060 21.05 43,780 19.16
Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 46,780 24.82 51,620 22.45
Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 143,330 22.02 45,790 21.60
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 18,600 30.69 63,840 30.40
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 27,660 22.87 47,580 21.93
Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 29,880 23.37 48,620 21.58
Extraction workers................................................................. 195,750 25.89 53,850 23.72
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas.................... 59,460 27.51 57,210 24.54
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 10,950 25.85 53,770 24.62
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 12,190 29.06 60,450 26.57
Service unit operators, oil and gas.............................................. 36,320 27.49 57,170 24.11
Surface mining machine operators and earth drillers............................... 52,680 26.37 54,850 23.84
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining............ 33,670 25.72 53,490 23.24
Earth drillers, except oil and gas............................................... 19,010 27.52 57,250 24.88
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters....................... 4,710 29.60 61,560 27.24
Underground mining machine operators.............................................. 22,680 28.53 59,340 29.17
Continuous mining machine operators.............................................. 13,500 27.46 57,120 27.58
Roof bolters, mining............................................................. 1,700 30.77 63,990 28.95
Loading and moving machine operators, underground mining......................... 5,210 30.01 62,420 30.73
Underground mining machine operators, all other.................................. 2,270 29.81 61,990 30.86
Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 3,910 22.60 47,010 22.12
Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 39,100 21.99 45,750 20.96
Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 6,910 21.35 44,410 20.73
Extraction workers, all other..................................................... 6,290 25.59 53,220 24.81
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,823,400 26.77 55,680 24.08
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 559,050 36.55 76,020 35.16
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 559,050 36.55 76,020 35.16
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 496,220 28.61 59,500 27.38
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 81,440 22.66 47,120 21.59
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 181,200 29.68 61,730 28.82
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 13,020 30.08 62,570 28.71
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 168,180 29.65 61,670 28.83
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................................ 233,590 29.85 62,090 28.50
Avionics technicians............................................................. 20,200 35.93 74,730 36.27
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 15,390 24.76 51,500 23.20
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 8,530 34.49 71,740 35.40
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 51,650 32.05 66,650 30.78
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 25,440 42.68 88,770 45.06
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 9,450 21.98 45,720 20.00
Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers................................... 22,200 23.29 48,450 21.61
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 80,720 26.10 54,280 24.10
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,645,580 25.36 52,750 23.38
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 134,070 34.92 72,640 33.66
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 820,200 24.12 50,170 22.61
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 138,760 25.59 53,220 22.92
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 17,370 21.11 43,900 21.01
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 664,070 23.89 49,690 22.58
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 271,720 26.99 56,140 26.14
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 213,460 27.98 58,190 28.06
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 35,280 24.00 49,930 23.08
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 158,350 28.64 59,560 28.58
Rail car repairers............................................................... 19,830 29.79 61,960 30.05
Small engine mechanics............................................................ 75,190 21.90 45,560 21.19
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 24,920 24.17 50,280 23.21
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 14,700 21.51 44,740 20.85
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 35,570 20.48 42,590 19.25
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 130,940 17.68 36,780 16.95
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 13,760 17.68 36,770 17.43
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 17,190 22.75 47,320 21.65
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 99,980 16.81 34,970 16.46
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 3,122,550 25.46 52,970 23.25
Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 73,740 29.63 61,620 26.82
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 27,330 23.27 48,400 22.60
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 46,410 33.37 69,410 31.16
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 374,770 27.63 57,460 24.71
Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 29,370 22.84 47,500 22.12
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 490,410 29.03 60,390 28.59
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 386,120 29.32 60,990 28.76
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 62,770 26.88 55,910 25.63
Millwrights...................................................................... 40,930 29.69 61,750 29.29
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 580 24.52 51,010 24.30
Line installers and repairers..................................................... 227,190 35.58 74,010 36.17
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 119,510 39.79 82,770 39.59
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 107,670 30.90 64,280 29.13
Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 79,970 28.51 59,300 26.96
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 2,120 22.53 46,870 21.18
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 58,830 29.30 60,950 27.82
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 6,330 20.73 43,120 18.34
Watch and clock repairers........................................................ 1,880 23.84 49,580 23.25
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 10,810 30.76 63,970 29.66
Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,485,990 22.66 47,130 21.62
Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 9,830 28.79 59,880 27.56
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 351,290 22.07 45,910 19.60
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 35,790 20.43 42,500 19.08
Commercial divers................................................................ 3,860 41.17 85,630 32.84
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 15,240 24.14 50,210 22.79
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 3,630 18.28 38,020 17.70
Riggers.......................................................................... 19,260 28.22 58,700 26.29
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 6,880 37.20 77,370 39.09
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 93,650 17.67 36,750 16.88
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 172,980 22.98 47,800 21.39
Production occupations 8,738,980 21.81 45,370 19.19
Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 659,930 33.22 69,100 30.53
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 659,930 33.22 69,100 30.53
Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,903,910 19.92 41,420 18.24
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 32,140 28.90 60,110 28.09
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 286,380 20.14 41,890 18.58
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 10,860 21.56 44,850 20.75
Electrical, electronic, and electromechanical assemblers, except coil winders,
tapers, and finishers........................................................... 275,510 20.08 41,770 18.55
Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 50,120 24.99 51,980 24.45
Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 58,870 23.50 48,870 22.69
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................. 21,910 19.85 41,280 18.32
Timing device assemblers and adjusters............................................ 370 22.35 46,480 20.33
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,454,130 19.35 40,250 17.93
Food processing workers............................................................ 807,880 17.45 36,300 16.98
Bakers............................................................................ 205,300 16.41 34,140 15.76
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 341,520 17.42 36,230 17.25
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 129,400 18.36 38,200 17.76
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 133,460 16.87 35,090 16.86
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 78,660 16.79 34,920 16.94
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 261,060 18.31 38,090 17.40
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 20,010 19.12 39,770 18.17
Food batchmakers................................................................. 166,520 18.61 38,710 17.59
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 26,740 18.15 37,760 17.64
Food processing workers, all other............................................... 47,790 17.04 35,430 16.69
Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,644,250 22.61 47,020 21.67
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 102,040 21.43 44,580 20.45
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 63,490 20.47 42,580 19.22
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 10,650 22.57 46,940 22.37
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 27,900 23.20 48,250 22.26
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 297,630 20.67 42,990 19.18
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 182,460 20.31 42,240 18.91
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 6,470 21.81 45,350 20.41
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................. 73,800 20.21 42,050 18.71
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic......................................................................... 19,410 22.99 47,820 22.61
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 15,480 23.65 49,200 22.53
Machinists........................................................................ 316,860 24.72 51,430 23.32
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 25,390 24.91 51,810 23.61
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 19,320 25.70 53,450 24.18
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 6,070 22.41 46,600 21.67
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 5,580 28.04 58,320 27.00
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 3,350 28.95 60,220 27.70
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 2,230 26.67 55,470 26.43
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 177,150 19.15 39,830 17.87
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 11,330 20.19 42,000 19.29
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic..................................................................... 165,820 19.08 39,690 17.81
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 137,060 20.21 42,040 18.85
Tool and die makers............................................................... 61,730 28.55 59,390 28.75
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 439,930 24.11 50,160 22.80
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 408,990 24.26 50,460 22.86
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 30,940 22.17 46,110 21.60
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 80,870 20.73 43,110 19.00
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 15,600 21.01 43,700 19.66
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 6,890 27.00 56,170 28.01
Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 32,050 19.37 40,290 18.22
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 5,320 22.14 46,040 20.16
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 21,030 20.18 41,960 18.43
Printing workers................................................................... 214,280 20.33 42,280 18.70
Printing workers.................................................................. 214,280 20.33 42,280 18.70
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 25,250 21.58 44,880 20.94
Printing press operators......................................................... 150,010 20.55 42,730 18.92
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 39,030 18.68 38,850 17.77
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 468,590 15.95 33,170 15.00
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 175,730 14.26 29,660 13.97
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 28,570 14.73 30,650 14.27
Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 116,750 15.93 33,130 15.26
Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 11,820 16.58 34,490 15.76
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 8,860 16.64 34,600 15.61
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 2,960 16.42 34,160 15.89
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 20,320 17.59 36,590 16.27
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 3,440 16.08 33,440 15.16
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 16,870 17.90 37,230 16.48
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 58,070 16.79 34,910 16.43
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 6,640 16.30 33,900 15.71
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 10,700 16.81 34,970 16.55
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 16,900 17.17 35,710 17.19
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and
tenders......................................................................... 23,830 16.64 34,610 16.21
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 57,330 20.21 42,030 18.49
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and
glass fibers.................................................................... 14,460 20.56 42,770 19.16
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 3,070 32.13 66,820 29.00
Upholsterers..................................................................... 26,990 20.14 41,900 19.04
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 12,810 17.08 35,520 15.69
Woodworkers........................................................................ 231,230 19.11 39,750 18.04
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 95,980 20.25 42,120 18.66
Furniture finishers............................................................... 14,990 19.17 39,880 18.25
Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 1,050 24.32 50,580 22.17
Model makers, wood............................................................... 720 25.39 52,820 22.57
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 330 21.98 45,720 21.29
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 110,080 18.17 37,800 17.59
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 46,400 18.00 37,450 17.44
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 63,680 18.30 38,060 17.71
Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 9,120 17.73 36,870 17.01
Plant and system operators......................................................... 276,970 33.85 70,400 31.25
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 46,420 45.59 94,820 46.91
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 5,450 56.50 117,510 55.71
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 9,380 48.73 101,360 48.87
Power plant operators............................................................ 31,590 42.77 88,960 44.74
Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 31,470 34.89 72,570 32.27
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 119,350 26.78 55,690 24.81
Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 79,730 37.18 77,340 38.08
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 18,710 38.12 79,290 39.75
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 14,290 37.71 78,430 38.20
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 31,360 40.45 84,140 40.91
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 15,370 28.88 60,070 27.63
Other production occupations....................................................... 2,531,940 21.28 44,260 19.21
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 167,840 25.28 52,580 23.20
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 115,370 26.06 54,210 23.72
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders.......................................................... 52,470 23.55 48,980 22.24
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 150,410 21.46 44,630 20.25
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 27,320 21.79 45,310 20.81
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 14,190 18.64 38,770 17.77
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 108,900 21.74 45,220 20.87
Cutting workers................................................................... 62,350 19.92 41,430 18.95
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 8,250 18.19 37,830 17.37
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 54,110 20.18 41,980 19.17
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and
tenders.......................................................................... 58,740 20.17 41,940 18.98
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 15,030 22.20 46,180 21.41
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 579,740 22.74 47,290 21.11
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 26,280 24.29 50,530 22.66
Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians.... 69,220 22.23 46,240 19.80
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 33,330 24.01 49,930 22.14
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 15,680 22.23 46,240 20.27
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 20,200 19.30 40,140 17.70
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 369,330 18.78 39,060 17.67
Painting workers.................................................................. 164,100 22.16 46,100 20.85
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 11,990 20.08 41,770 18.40
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 152,120 22.33 46,440 21.14
Semiconductor processing technicians.............................................. 23,860 23.25 48,370 21.49
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 5,380 20.55 42,750 17.44
Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers.................... 207,480 24.13 50,200 22.99
Computer numerically controlled tool operators................................... 179,360 23.05 47,940 22.48
Computer numerically controlled tool programmers................................. 28,120 31.05 64,580 29.23
Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 632,170 19.06 39,640 17.64
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 11,320 19.28 40,100 18.65
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 13,200 18.81 39,130 17.88
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 6,420 21.27 44,240 20.62
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 8,400 19.69 40,950 18.26
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 39,060 20.04 41,680 19.03
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 92,050 22.30 46,390 21.97
Tire builders.................................................................... 18,360 24.33 50,600 24.83
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 190,680 17.18 35,740 16.67
Production workers, all other.................................................... 252,660 18.68 38,860 17.06
Transportation and material moving occupations 13,560,460 21.12 43,930 18.24
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 599,710 29.26 60,850 27.79
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.............. 599,710 29.26 60,850 27.79
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors.............................................. 7,950 29.40 61,150 25.72
First-line supervisors of transportation and material moving workers, except
aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................. 591,760 29.25 60,850 27.82
Air transportation workers......................................................... 282,820 (²) 131,630 (²)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 138,330 (²) 189,620 (²)
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 89,580 (²) 225,740 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 48,750 (²) 123,250 (²)
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 36,010 49.74 103,460 45.53
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 21,250 62.90 130,840 63.58
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 14,760 30.79 64,050 23.85
Flight attendants................................................................. 108,480 (²) 67,020 (²)
Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 4,315,740 22.65 47,110 21.86
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 9,910 16.14 33,570 14.61
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 3,533,530 23.19 48,240 22.26
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 489,510 17.10 35,560 15.72
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,984,180 25.52 53,090 24.00
Light truck drivers.............................................................. 1,059,840 21.65 45,020 19.43
Passenger vehicle drivers......................................................... 722,960 20.39 42,420 18.96
Bus drivers, school.............................................................. 366,550 20.39 42,400 19.84
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 141,530 25.92 53,920 24.47
Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs................................................... 201,070 16.83 35,000 15.77
Taxi drivers..................................................................... 13,820 15.73 32,710 14.75
Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 49,340 18.10 37,650 15.96
Rail transportation workers........................................................ 105,620 33.67 70,040 33.15
Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 39,120 35.00 72,790 35.46
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 36,440 35.50 73,850 35.85
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 2,680 28.09 58,430 27.09
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators and locomotive firers................ 14,210 31.16 64,810 32.47
Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 40,940 33.26 69,190 32.78
Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 9,120 36.48 75,880 42.43
Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 2,240 22.49 46,780 20.33
Water transportation workers....................................................... 75,200 39.52 82,200 31.78
Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 28,500 25.65 53,350 22.83
Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 38,050 47.86 99,540 41.98
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 34,940 50.09 104,190 45.77
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 3,110 22.74 47,300 19.92
Ship engineers.................................................................... 8,650 48.55 100,980 41.97
Other transportation workers....................................................... 284,810 18.15 37,750 15.71
Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 3,690 22.55 46,910 22.73
Parking attendants................................................................ 105,290 15.01 31,230 14.70
Transportation service attendants................................................. 119,320 16.11 33,500 15.30
Automotive and watercraft service attendants..................................... 99,600 15.55 32,340 14.83
Aircraft service attendants...................................................... 19,720 18.94 39,400 17.81
Traffic technicians............................................................... 7,310 26.31 54,720 24.06
Transportation inspectors......................................................... 24,420 38.35 79,770 38.26
Passenger attendants.............................................................. 13,200 17.42 36,230 16.65
Transportation workers, all other................................................. 11,590 19.37 40,290 17.99
Material moving workers............................................................ 7,896,560 17.92 37,270 17.15
Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 27,780 19.26 40,060 17.74
Crane and tower operators......................................................... 45,210 31.36 65,220 29.49
Dredge operators.................................................................. 940 24.89 51,770 22.64
Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 2,440 33.23 69,120 28.34
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 780,890 20.79 43,240 19.82
Laborers and material movers...................................................... 6,840,530 17.33 36,050 16.77
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 359,530 15.74 32,730 14.90
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,934,050 18.03 37,510 17.36
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 51,010 18.80 39,100 18.29
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 653,870 16.02 33,310 15.83
Stockers and order fillers....................................................... 2,842,060 17.09 35,550 16.45
Pumping station operators......................................................... 29,160 30.11 62,620 28.93
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 3,740 29.57 61,500 28.84
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 10,870 28.44 59,150 26.86
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 14,550 31.50 65,510 30.42
Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 132,240 21.91 45,560 20.94
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 12,470 28.21 58,680 25.93
Material moving workers, all other................................................ 24,880 20.81 43,290 18.65
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080
hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly
calculated from the reported survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or
annual salaries, depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage equal to or greater than $115.00 per hour.
United States Department of Labor
