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In 1999, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) began developing an economic indicator to assess the excess demand for labor in the U.S. labor market. Staff from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) have been collecting, analyzing, and preparing data for publication beginning in early 2002. JOLTS collects the number of job openings and calculates a job openings, or vacancy, rate.The survey also collects job turnover data, hires and separations, to allow further insight into labor market flows.