Total nonfarm employment for the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. Metropolitan Statistical Area stood at 2,790,900 in November 2014, down 4,800, or 0.2 percent, over the year, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. During the same period, the national job count increased 2.0 percent. Sheila Watkins, the Bureau’s regional commissioner, noted that the recent decline was the first over-the-year employment decrease in the Philadelphia area since July 2010. (See chart 1 and table 1; Technical Note at end of release contains metropolitan area definitions. All data in this release are not seasonally adjusted; accordingly, over-the-year analysis is used throughout.)

 

The Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. Metropolitan Statistical Area is made up of three metropolitan divisions—separately identifiable employment centers within the greater metropolitan area. The Philadelphia Metropolitan Division, with 69 percent of the area’s employment, lost 16,700 jobs since last November—the largest over-the-year decrease since March 2010. The Camden Metropolitan Division, with 18 percent of local employment, added 2,700 jobs over the last 12 months. The Wilmington Metropolitan Division, with the smallest share of local employment at 13 percent, added the most jobs in the area, 9,200.

Industry employment

In the greater Philadelphia metropolitan area, government recorded the largest employment decrease from November 2013 to November 2014, losing 10,500 jobs, a decline of 3.0 percent. Most of the job loss was located in the Philadelphia division, particularly in local government educational services which lost 6,400 jobs. Nationwide, government employment increased by 0.4 percent. (See chart 2.)

Leisure and hospitality employment decreased by 5,700 since last November, the second-largest decline in the Philadelphia area. Almost all of the decrease was centered in the Philadelphia division (-5,100). The Philadelphia area’s 2.4-percent decline in leisure and hospitality employment contrasted with the nationwide increase of 2.6 percent.

 

Three other supersectors lost more than 1,000 jobs in the Philadelphia area from November 2013 to November 2014—manufacturing (-1,400); information (-1,300); and other services (-1,200). While the Philadelphia area lost jobs, the U.S. gained jobs in all three of these supersectors.

In the Philadelphia area, mining, logging, and construction gained the most jobs (4,600) since last year. Most of the increase was centered in the Philadelphia division (3,800). Trade, transportation, and utilities added 3,300 jobs, a gain of 0.6 percent over the year. The national growth rate for the trade, transportation, and utilities supersector was 2.0 percent over the last 12 months.

Three other supersectors gained more than 1,000 jobs in the Philadelphia area from November 2013 to November 2014—professional and business services (2,800), education and health services (2,600), and financial activities (2,000). In each case, the national growth rates for these industries exceeded those of the Philadelphia area.

Twelve largest metropolitan areas

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington was 1 of the nation’s 12 largest metropolitan statistical areas in November 2014. Eleven of these areas experienced over-the-year job growth, with six exceeding the national average of 2.0 percent. The fastest rate of job growth was in Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, up 4.4 percent, followed by Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, at 3.5 percent. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria had the slowest rate of job growth, 0.6 percent. Philadelphia had the only over-the-year decline, down 0.2 percent. (See chart 3 and table 2.)

 

The Houston area added the largest number of jobs, 125,300, since November 2013. Two other metropolitan areas gained more than 100,000 jobs— Dallas (111,500) and      New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island (107,900). Detroit recorded the smallest employment gain over the year, up 12,500 jobs, while Philadelphia lost 4,800 jobs.

Professional and business services led employment growth in 4 of the 12 metropolitan areas over the year: Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Dallas, San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, and Washington. Education and health services also recorded the largest gains in four areas: Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Houston, Los-Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, and New York.

Over the year, manufacturing recorded the largest over-the-year loss of jobs in three areas—Dallas, Los Angeles, and New York. Boston, Houston, and Miami experienced no annual job losses for any supersector.

Technical Note

This release presents nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES survey is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor between State employment security agencies and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American Industry Classification System

Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Small-domain models are used as the official estimators for approximately 39 percent of CES published series which have insufficient sample for direct sample-based estimates.

Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months.

Reliability of the estimates. The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding.

Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error for state CES data at the supersector level are available on the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/sae/additional-resources/reliability-of-state-and-area-estimates.htm. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available at www.bls.gov/sae/.

Additional information

More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm. Industry employment data for states and metropolitan areas from the Current Employment Statistics program are also available in the above mentioned news releases and from the Internet at www.bls.gov/sae/.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, dated December 1, 2009. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

The Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. Metropolitan Statistical Area includes Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties in Pennsylvania; Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties in New Jersey; New Castle County in Delaware; and Cecil County in Maryland.

• The Camden, N.J. Metropolitan Division includes Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties in New Jersey.
• The Philadelphia, Pa. Metropolitan Division includes Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties in Pennsylvania.
• The Wilmington, Del.-Md.-N.J. Metropolitan Division includes New Castle County in Delaware; Cecil County in Maryland; and Salem County in New Jersey.

 

Table 1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, Philadelphia metropolitan area and its components, not seasonally adjusted (numbers in thousands)

Area	Nov 2013	Sep 2014	Oct 2014	Nov 2014(p)	Nov 2013 to
					Nov 2014(p)
					Net change	Percent change
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. Metropolitan Statistical Area
Total nonfarm	2,795.7	2,761.4	2,782.7	2,790.9	-4.8	-0.2
Mining, logging, and construction	107.9	112.7	112.0	112.5	4.6	4.3
Manufacturing	180.4	179.3	179.0	179.0	-1.4	-0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	519.5	511.7	515.5	522.8	3.3	0.6
Information	47.5	45.9	45.8	46.2	-1.3	-2.7
Financial activities	202.7	204.5	204.4	204.7	2.0	1.0
Professional and business services	443.2	443.6	445.1	446.0	2.8	0.6
Education and health services	585.7	577.6	585.3	588.3	2.6	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	240.3	242.7	240.6	234.6	-5.7	-2.4
Other services	122.0	120.1	120.9	120.8	-1.2	-1.0
Government	346.5	323.3	334.1	336.0	-10.5	-3.0
Philadelphia, Pa. Metropolitan Division
Total nonfarm	1,935.7	1,900.4	1,915.6	1,919.0	-16.7	-0.9
Mining, logging, and construction	69.4	73.4	73.1	73.2	3.8	5.5
Manufacturing	126.9	125.6	125.2	125.0	-1.9	-1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	342.6	336.1	339.3	344.4	1.8	0.5
Information	36.8	35.7	35.7	36.0	-0.8	-2.2
Financial activities	132.0	132.6	132.4	132.3	0.3	0.2
Professional and business services	313.9	309.1	310.2	308.4	-5.5	-1.8
Education and health services	442.0	433.6	439.8	443.0	1.0	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	169.6	168.6	168.5	164.5	-5.1	-3.0
Other services	85.7	84.0	84.9	84.7	-1.0	-1.2
Government	216.8	201.7	206.5	207.5	-9.3	-4.3
Philadelphia City, Pa.
Total nonfarm	678.1	664.0	672.8	672.9	-5.2	-0.8
Mining, logging, and construction	10.7	10.7	10.9	11.1	0.4	3.7
Manufacturing	21.9	21.4	21.3	21.3	-0.6	-2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	93.1	91.7	92.1	92.5	-0.6	-0.6
Information	11.6	11.3	11.2	11.3	-0.3	-2.6
Financial activities	41.0	41.0	41.1	40.9	-0.1	-0.2
Professional and business services	86.5	86.2	87.5	87.1	0.6	0.7
Education and health services	215.9	210.2	215.3	216.1	0.2	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	66.2	64.7	65.1	64.2	-2.0	-3.0
Other services	27.7	27.7	28.1	28.0	0.3	1.1
Government	103.5	99.1	100.2	100.4	-3.1	-3.0
Camden, N.J. Metropolitan Division
Total nonfarm	511.5	509.1	513.7	514.2	2.7	0.5
Mining, logging, and construction	22.1	22.5	22.0	22.2	0.1	0.5
Manufacturing	35.1	35.2	35.3	35.4	0.3	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	113.5	112.0	111.8	113.0	-0.5	-0.4
Information	6.3	5.9	5.8	5.8	-0.5	-7.9
Financial activities	29.9	30.1	30.1	30.1	0.2	0.7
Professional and business services	74.5	78.9	79.6	79.8	5.3	7.1
Education and health services	86.3	86.0	87.4	86.6	0.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	41.1	42.2	40.8	39.8	-1.3	-3.2
Other services	21.3	21.1	21.0	21.1	-0.2	-0.9
Government	81.4	75.2	79.9	80.4	-1.0	-1.2
Wilmington, Del.-Md.-N.J. Metropolitan Division
Total nonfarm	348.5	351.9	353.4	357.7	9.2	2.6
Mining, logging, and construction	16.4	16.8	16.9	17.1	0.7	4.3
Manufacturing	18.4	18.5	18.5	18.6	0.2	1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	63.4	63.6	64.4	65.4	2.0	3.2
Information	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	0.0	0.0
Financial activities	40.8	41.8	41.9	42.3	1.5	3.7
Professional and business services	54.8	55.6	55.3	57.8	3.0	5.5
Education and health services	57.4	58.0	58.1	58.7	1.3	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	29.6	31.9	31.3	30.3	0.7	2.4
Other services	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	0.0	0.0
Government	48.3	46.4	47.7	48.1	-0.2	-0.4
Footnotes: (p) = preliminary

Table 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry supersector, United States and 12 largest metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted (numbers in thousands)

Area	Nov 2013	Sep 2014	Oct 2014	Nov 2014(p)	Nov 2013 to
					Nov 2014(p)
					Net change	Percent change
United States(1)
Total nonfarm	138,536	139,753	140,804	141,301	2,765	2.0
Mining and logging	881	939	935	929	48	5.4
Construction	5,996	6,320	6,319	6,227	231	3.9
Manufacturing	12,051	12,230	12,229	12,237	186	1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26,600	26,416	26,639	27,126	526	2.0
Information	2,699	2,683	2,688	2,708	9	0.3
Financial activities	7,897	7,992	7,999	8,013	116	1.5
Professional and business services	18,975	19,453	19,602	19,663	688	3.6
Education and health services	21,488	21,511	21,825	21,914	426	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	14,148	14,885	14,727	14,522	374	2.6
Other services	5,461	5,508	5,525	5,529	68	1.2
Government	22,340	21,816	22,316	22,433	93	0.4
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga.
Total nonfarm	2,446.8	2,470.3	2,488.6	2,506.4	59.6	2.4
Mining and logging	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0
Construction	96.3	98.8	100.7	99.2	2.9	3.0
Manufacturing	150.8	154.2	153.5	154.1	3.3	2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	549.6	550.6	560.0	573.8	24.2	4.4
Information	85.2	86.2	85.4	85.9	0.7	0.8
Financial activities	158.2	161.6	162.7	163.9	5.7	3.6
Professional and business services	442.2	453.0	455.9	455.5	13.3	3.0
Education and health services	299.8	298.0	300.8	302.1	2.3	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	249.8	255.9	256.7	256.9	7.1	2.8
Other services	93.8	91.7	91.5	92.3	-1.5	-1.6
Government	319.9	319.1	320.2	321.5	1.6	0.5
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. (NECTA)
Total nonfarm	2,590.8	2,611.2	2,632.4	2,644.2	53.4	2.1
Mining and logging	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.1	20.0
Construction	91.6	94.5	95.3	93.6	2.0	2.2
Manufacturing	194.2	193.8	193.7	194.2	0.0	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	419.9	415.4	419.6	427.0	7.1	1.7
Information	74.9	79.9	80.5	81.0	6.1	8.1
Financial activities	172.0	174.3	174.3	174.8	2.8	1.6
Professional and business services	441.2	448.7	451.2	450.2	9.0	2.0
Education and health services	549.0	547.6	559.2	564.2	15.2	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	241.0	254.4	251.7	248.5	7.5	3.1
Other services	98.7	100.1	101.2	101.3	2.6	2.6
Government	307.8	301.9	305.1	308.8	1.0	0.3
Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis.
Total nonfarm	4,509.4	4,515.6	4,535.6	4,543.0	33.6	0.7
Mining and logging	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.0	0.0
Construction	156.4	166.0	167.2	163.2	6.8	4.3
Manufacturing	408.1	406.6	406.4	407.9	-0.2	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	926.3	905.5	912.8	924.5	-1.8	-0.2
Information	80.4	79.8	79.9	80.5	0.1	0.1
Financial activities	288.9	288.3	288.1	288.5	-0.4	-0.1
Professional and business services	783.5	799.8	800.5	799.2	15.7	2.0
Education and health services	691.4	681.1	690.8	695.4	4.0	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	424.4	440.6	435.9	429.1	4.7	1.1
Other services	191.2	192.5	192.8	191.3	0.1	0.1
Government	557.4	554.0	559.8	562.0	4.6	0.8
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas
Total nonfarm	3,149.1	3,221.3	3,244.6	3,260.6	111.5	3.5
Mining, logging, and construction	178.2	192.3	194.9	192.5	14.3	8.0
Manufacturing	257.8	256.8	257.1	256.5	-1.3	-0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	659.3	667.0	675.2	685.3	26.0	3.9
Information	79.8	79.3	79.2	79.9	0.1	0.1
Financial activities	251.0	257.3	259.7	260.7	9.7	3.9
Professional and business services	496.4	526.9	529.3	531.5	35.1	7.1
Education and health services	389.2	392.6	395.9	400.3	11.1	2.9
Leisure and hospitality	322.6	333.3	329.9	327.5	4.9	1.5
Other services	112.8	114.6	114.9	114.7	1.9	1.7
Government	402.0	401.2	408.5	411.7	9.7	2.4
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich.
Total nonfarm	1,886.1	1,877.6	1,891.3	1,898.6	12.5	0.7
Mining, logging, and construction	59.3	66.3	66.5	66.1	6.8	11.5
Manufacturing	235.1	234.7	238.1	240.8	5.7	2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	356.5	352.0	357.0	362.1	5.6	1.6
Information	27.2	27.1	27.0	27.1	-0.1	-0.4
Financial activities	100.3	96.8	96.9	96.4	-3.9	-3.9
Professional and business services	366.9	367.1	369.1	369.2	2.3	0.6
Education and health services	299.4	295.5	299.1	301.7	2.3	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	172.4	177.4	173.5	169.1	-3.3	-1.9
Other services	77.5	76.3	75.9	76.8	-0.7	-0.9
Government	191.5	184.4	188.2	189.3	-2.2	-1.1
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas
Total nonfarm	2,830.6	2,920.4	2,939.7	2,955.9	125.3	4.4
Mining and logging	106.9	118.0	117.7	117.0	10.1	9.4
Construction	189.2	203.0	206.1	205.4	16.2	8.6
Manufacturing	254.3	261.6	262.7	261.9	7.6	3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	580.9	584.2	588.2	598.4	17.5	3.0
Information	32.6	33.2	33.3	33.8	1.2	3.7
Financial activities	142.1	147.0	147.8	146.0	3.9	2.7
Professional and business services	431.8	448.8	447.7	449.0	17.2	4.0
Education and health services	338.6	358.6	364.0	364.8	26.2	7.7
Leisure and hospitality	273.2	283.5	281.4	286.3	13.1	4.8
Other services	100.0	102.4	102.9	103.0	3.0	3.0
Government	381.0	380.1	387.9	390.3	9.3	2.4
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif.
Total nonfarm	5,673.0	5,674.5	5,726.8	5,765.2	92.2	1.6
Mining and logging	5.3	5.6	5.4	5.4	0.1	1.9
Construction	202.3	213.2	212.8	216.1	13.8	6.8
Manufacturing	523.6	509.2	509.7	510.8	-12.8	-2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,068.9	1,042.7	1,053.1	1,077.2	8.3	0.8
Information	230.9	233.7	236.4	235.2	4.3	1.9
Financial activities	322.4	320.8	321.1	322.0	-0.4	-0.1
Professional and business services	874.2	897.8	903.5	902.8	28.6	3.3
Education and health services	916.7	927.2	944.2	950.5	33.8	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	628.7	647.7	645.0	643.9	15.2	2.4
Other services	193.3	195.3	195.7	195.5	2.2	1.1
Government	706.7	681.3	699.9	705.8	-0.9	-0.1
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla.
Total nonfarm	2,392.9	2,416.0	2,442.2	2,473.7	80.8	3.4
Mining and logging	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0
Construction	97.1	104.3	106.0	105.7	8.6	8.9
Manufacturing	79.1	79.9	80.4	80.9	1.8	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	563.6	566.9	571.6	585.6	22.0	3.9
Information	46.5	46.7	46.8	47.1	0.6	1.3
Financial activities	166.8	169.1	171.0	173.5	6.7	4.0
Professional and business services	376.5	384.6	388.7	395.3	18.8	5.0
Education and health services	350.8	354.1	358.5	359.0	8.2	2.3
Leisure and hospitality	289.7	287.5	290.5	298.4	8.7	3.0
Other services	113.3	115.9	117.1	117.6	4.3	3.8
Government	308.9	306.4	311.0	310.0	1.1	0.4
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa.
Total nonfarm	8,842.6	8,844.0	8,910.2	8,950.5	107.9	1.2
Mining, logging, and construction	326.9	332.8	327.4	324.7	-2.2	-0.7
Manufacturing	358.6	355.1	355.4	353.3	-5.3	-1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,659.7	1,640.1	1,651.2	1,682.3	22.6	1.4
Information	280.1	272.8	273.7	275.8	-4.3	-1.5
Financial activities	738.8	741.7	739.5	738.3	-0.5	-0.1
Professional and business services	1,402.1	1,432.5	1,436.2	1,436.5	34.4	2.5
Education and health services	1,662.9	1,661.8	1,690.2	1,704.3	41.4	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	779.8	819.8	808.2	797.7	17.9	2.3
Other services	384.1	383.9	387.5	389.1	5.0	1.3
Government	1,249.6	1,203.5	1,240.9	1,248.5	-1.1	-0.1
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md.
Total nonfarm	2,795.7	2,761.4	2,782.7	2,790.9	-4.8	-0.2
Mining, logging, and construction	107.9	112.7	112.0	112.5	4.6	4.3
Manufacturing	180.4	179.3	179.0	179.0	-1.4	-0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	519.5	511.7	515.5	522.8	3.3	0.6
Information	47.5	45.9	45.8	46.2	-1.3	-2.7
Financial activities	202.7	204.5	204.4	204.7	2.0	1.0
Professional and business services	443.2	443.6	445.1	446.0	2.8	0.6
Education and health services	585.7	577.6	585.3	588.3	2.6	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	240.3	242.7	240.6	234.6	-5.7	-2.4
Other services	122.0	120.1	120.9	120.8	-1.2	-1.0
Government	346.5	323.3	334.1	336.0	-10.5	-3.0
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif.
Total nonfarm	2,142.3	2,175.9	2,192.6	2,211.6	69.3	3.2
Mining and logging	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.0	0.0
Construction	96.9	104.5	104.2	104.6	7.7	7.9
Manufacturing	118.0	118.8	118.9	120.1	2.1	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	356.1	353.0	358.4	364.8	8.7	2.4
Information	73.8	76.6	77.0	77.3	3.5	4.7
Financial activities	125.8	125.9	125.2	124.3	-1.5	-1.2
Professional and business services	424.8	440.3	443.5	449.7	24.9	5.9
Education and health services	318.7	324.9	328.0	329.3	10.6	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	243.7	252.7	252.7	254.1	10.4	4.3
Other services	80.2	80.3	80.6	80.4	0.2	0.2
Government	303.1	297.7	302.9	305.8	2.7	0.9
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va.
Total nonfarm	3,107.9	3,086.7	3,108.2	3,126.8	18.9	0.6
Mining, logging, and construction	147.4	150.7	151.4	151.8	4.4	3.0
Manufacturing	46.6	45.5	44.6	44.1	-2.5	-5.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	402.7	392.3	395.8	407.3	4.6	1.1
Information	75.1	73.0	72.2	72.3	-2.8	-3.7
Financial activities	152.3	156.2	156.3	156.0	3.7	2.4
Professional and business services	703.8	700.7	703.8	708.5	4.7	0.7
Education and health services	403.7	392.7	400.6	401.9	-1.8	-0.4
Leisure and hospitality	294.1	300.7	299.4	297.2	3.1	1.1
Other services	190.1	189.9	190.7	190.9	0.8	0.4
Government	692.1	685.0	693.4	696.8	4.7	0.7
Footnotes: (1) U.S. data are preliminary for two months after they are first published. (p) = preliminary