Total nonfarm employment for the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area stood at 3,353,400 in October 2018, up 60,700, or 1.8 percent, over the year, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. During the same period, the national job count increased 1.7 percent. Sheila Watkins, the Bureau’s regional commissioner, noted that the Washington area has had consecutive over-the-year employment increases for over four years. (See chart 1 and table 1; Technical Note at end of release contains metropolitan area definitions. All data in this release are not seasonally adjusted; accordingly, over-the-year analysis is used throughout.)

The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area is made up of two metropolitan divisions¾separately identifiable employment centers within the greater metropolitan area. The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division, with 82 percent of the area’s employment, gained 47,200 jobs over the year. The Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, MD Metropolitan Division, which represented the remaining 18 percent of area employment, added 13,500 jobs since October 2017.

Industry employment

In the greater Washington metropolitan area, professional and business services had the largest employment gain from October 2017 to October 2018, adding 20,300 jobs. The Washington area’s 2.7-percent growth in professional and business services employment was similar to the 2.6-percent increase nationally. (See chart 2.) Eighty percent of the local job gains in this industry were in the Washington division.

Leisure and hospitality (+9,700) and trade, transportation, and utilities (+9,600) had the next largest over-the-year local job gains. The local rate of job growth in leisure and hospitality (3.0 percent) was almost double the 1.6-percent gain for the nation. Trade, transportation, and utilities employment grew 2.4 percent in the Washington area, compared to 1.1 percent nationally.

From October 2017 to October 2018, local job gains among the remaining eight supersectors ranged from 6,100 in mining, logging, and construction to 1,200 each in manufacturing and information. From October 2017 to October 2018, no supersector in the Washington area lost jobs.

Employment in the 12 largest metropolitan areas

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria was 1 of the nation’s 12 largest metropolitan statistical areas in October 2018. All 12 areas had over-the-year job growth during the period, with the rates of job growth in 7 areas exceeding the national increase of 1.7 percent. Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land (+3.9 percent), Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale (+3.7 percent), and Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington (+3.0 percent) had the fastest rates of job growth. Chicago-Naperville-Elgin (+0.9 percent), New York-Newark-Jersey City (+1.1 percent), and Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim (+1.2 percent) had the slowest rates of job growth. (See chart 3 and table 2.)

Houston added the largest number of jobs over the year, 117,800, followed by Dallas (+109,000) and New York (+108,500). Chicago had the smallest employment gain over the year, 41,300, followed by San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward (+41,700) and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington (+43,600). Annual gains in the remaining six  metropolitan areas ranged from 76,700 in Phoenix to 53,100 in Boston-Cambridge-Nashua.

Over the year, professional and business services added the most jobs in six areas: Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, Boston, Dallas, Houston, San Francisco, and Washington. Construction gained the most jobs in three areas: Chicago, Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Palm Beach, and Phoenix.

The other services sector recorded the largest employment loss in three areas: Atlanta, Chicago, and San Francisco. Information lost the most jobs in three other areas: Houston, New York, and and Philadelphia. Dallas, Phoenix, and Washington were the only metropolitan areas to record no losses in any supersector.

Metropolitan area employment data for November 2018 are scheduled to be released on Friday, December 21, 2018, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

This release presents nonfarm payroll employment estimates from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES survey is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor between State employment security agencies and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry Classification System.

Method of estimation. CES State and Area employment data are produced using several estimation procedures. Where possible these data are produced using a "weighted link relative" estimation technique in which a ratio of current-month weighted employment to that of the previous-month weighted employment is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are then obtained by multiplying these ratios by the previous month's employment estimates. The weighted link relative technique is utilized for data series where the sample size meets certain statistical criteria.

For some employment series, the sample of establishments is very small or highly variable. In these cases, a model-based approach is used in estimation. These models use the direct sample estimates (described above), combined with forecasts of historical (benchmarked) data to decrease volatility in estimation. Two different models (Fay-Herriot Model and Small Domain Model) are used depending on the industry level being estimated. For more detailed information about each model, refer to the BLS Handbook of Methods.

Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months.

Reliability of the estimates. The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability—that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding.

Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error for the total private employment series are available for metropolitan areas and metropolitan divisions at www.bls.gov/sae/additional-resources/reliability-of-state-and-area-estimates.htm. Measures of sampling error for more detailed series at the area and division level are available upon request. Measures of sampling error for states down to the supersector level are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/sae/additional-resources/reliability-of-state-and-area-estimates.htm. Measures of nonsampling error are not available for the areas contained in this release. Information on recent benchmark revisions is available online at www.bls.gov/web/laus/benchmark.pdf.

Area definitions. The substate area data published in this release reflect the delineations issued by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on July 15, 2015. A detailed list of the geographic definitions is available at www.bls.gov/lau/lausmsa.htm.

The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. Metropolitan Statistical Area includes the District of Columbia; Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, Prince William, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren Counties, and Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Manassas, and Manassas Park Cities in Virginia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George’s Counties in Maryland; and Jefferson County in West Virginia.

• The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. Metropolitan Division includes the District of Columbia; Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, Prince William, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren Counties, and Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Manassas, and Manassas Park Cities in Virginia; Calvert, Charles, and Prince George’s Counties in Maryland; and Jefferson County in West Virginia.
• The Silver Spring-Frederick-Rockville, Md. Metropolitan Division includes Frederick and Montgomery Counties in Maryland.

Additional information

More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/ee/home.htm. Industry employment data for states and metropolitan areas from the Current Employment Statistics program are also available in the above mentioned news releases and from the Internet at www.bls.gov/sae/.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.