From March 2014 to June 2014 gross job gains in private sector establishments in Michigan totaled 226,224, while gross job losses numbered 192,512, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Charlene Peiffer noted that gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 33,712. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 13,909.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Michigan’s 226,224 gross job gains in June 2014 were at their highest level since September 2011 when they reached 228,944. During the period June 2009 to June 2014, quarterly gross job gains in the state exceeded 200,000 in all but two quarters. (See chart 1.) Michigan’s gross job losses of 192,512 in June was an increase of more than 13,000 from the 179,299 jobs lost in March 2014. March’s job loss level was Michigan’s third lowest since the series’ inception in September 1992.

Gross job gains represented 6.4 percent of private sector employment in Michigan in the quarter ended June, 2014, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.5 percent of private employment. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in Michigan has been at or below the U.S. rate in each quarter since December 2011. The Michigan rate of gross job loss as a percent of private sector employment, at 5.4 percent, was lower than the national rate of 5.6 percent in June 2014. The rate of gross job loss in Michigan has been at or below the U.S. rate in each quarter since September 2011.

During the second quarter 2014, Michigan gross job gains exceeded job losses in eight industry sectors. For example, more than 22,800 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments in the manufacturing industry during the period, though over 13,100 jobs were lost at closing and contracting establishments. The resulting net gain of 9,728 jobs was the largest of any sector in the second quarter 2014. Other industries showing large net job gains included the leisure and hospitality industry and retail trade. Within leisure and hospitality, more than 38,800 jobs were created at opening and expanding establishments, while almost 32,000 jobs were lost at closing and contracting establishments, resulting in a net gain of 6,896. The retail trade industry recorded a net employment gain of 5,805, with over 30,300 gross job gains in opening and expanding establishments and over 24,500 job losses in closing and contracting establishments. (See table 1.)

In contrast, three industry sectors reported net employment losses. The education and health services industry reported a net loss of 1,179 jobs. While more than 23,600 jobs were added in expanding and opening establishments, those gains were more than offset by a loss of more than 24,800 jobs at closing and contracting establishments.   The transportation and warehousing industry also saw job losses greater than job gains, with a net loss of almost 800 jobs; other services experienced a net loss of 249 jobs.

In June 2014, gross job gains were larger than losses in all twelve of the North Central States. (See table A.) The rate of gross job gains was lower than the national rate of 6.5 percent in 10 of the 12 states. Two states, North Dakota and Minnesota, were higher or the same as the nation. For gross job losses, the rate was lower than the national rate of 5.6 percent for 7 of the 12 North Central States. Among the five states with a higher than average rate of gross job losses, North Dakota was the highest at 7.0 percent. Minnesota had the largest rate of net change in employment, up 1.4 percent.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States and North Central States, 3 months ended June 2014, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross Job gains		Gross Job losses		Net Change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States (1)	7,438	6.5	6,522	5.6	916	0.9
Illinois	301,654	6.1	271,324	5.5	30,330	0.6
Indiana	146,372	5.9	125,025	5.0	21,347	0.9
Iowa	78,695	6.2	72,090	5.7	6,605	0.5
Kansas	67,594	6.1	62,628	5.7	4,966	0.4
Michigan	226,224	6.4	192,512	5.4	33,712	1.0
Minnesota	152,857	6.5	118,560	5.1	34,297	1.4
Missouri	134,112	6.0	117,942	5.3	16,170	0.7
Nebraska	47,067	6.0	46,594	6.0	473	0.0
North Dakota	28,240	7.6	26,117	7.0	2,123	0.6
Ohio	270,113	6.1	234,618	5.3	35,495	0.8
South Dakota	21,583	6.4	20,238	6.0	1,345	0.4
Wisconsin	139,665	5.9	119,588	5.0	20,077	0.9
Footnotes: (1) Numbers in thousands.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request: voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2014 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 29, 2015 at 9:00 a.m. (CDT).

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Michigan, 2nd quarter 2014, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2013	Sept. 2013	Dec. 2013	Mar. 2014	June 2014	June 2013	Sept. 2013	Dec. 2013	Mar. 2014	June 2014
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	216,782	206,945	210,828	193,208	226,224	6.3	5.9	6.0	5.5	6.4
At expanding establishments	186,285	171,250	175,593	155,898	193,121	5.4	4.9	5.0	4.4	5.5
At opening establishments	30,497	35,695	35,235	37,310	33,103	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9
Gross job losses	195,673	200,593	193,392	179,299	192,512	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.1	5.4
At contracting establishments	155,353	162,778	159,844	154,512	160,253	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.5
At closing establishments	40,320	37,815	33,548	24,787	32,259	1.2	1.1	1.0	0.7	0.9
Net employment change (2)	21,109	6,352	17,436	13,909	33,712	0.6	0.1	0.4	0.4	1.0
Construction
Gross job gains	16,485	18,011	16,473	16,887	18,408	12.4	13.6	12.3	12.3	13.1
At expanding establishments	14,515	14,878	13,550	13,045	16,119	10.9	11.2	10.1	9.5	11.5
At opening establishments	1,970	3,133	2,923	3,842	2,289	1.5	2.4	2.2	2.8	1.6
Gross job losses	15,905	14,270	16,908	14,950	13,668	12.0	10.8	12.5	10.9	9.7
At contracting establishments	12,383	10,868	13,522	13,266	11,369	9.3	8.2	10.0	9.7	8.1
At closing establishments	3,522	3,402	3,386	1,684	2,299	2.7	2.6	2.5	1.2	1.6
Net employment change (2)	580	3,741	-435	1,937	4,740	0.4	2.8	-0.2	1.4	3.4
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	22,764	23,163	20,243	23,516	22,887	4.1	4.2	3.6	4.1	4.0
At expanding establishments	20,686	21,163	18,562	22,135	21,321	3.7	3.8	3.3	3.9	3.7
At opening establishments	2,078	2,000	1,681	1,381	1,566	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3
Gross job losses	16,341	19,057	20,666	13,706	13,159	3.0	3.4	3.6	2.4	2.3
At contracting establishments	13,809	15,009	18,725	12,500	11,410	2.5	2.7	3.3	2.2	2.0
At closing establishments	2,532	4,048	1,941	1,206	1,749	0.5	0.7	0.3	0.2	0.3
Net employment change (2)	6,423	4,106	-423	9,810	9,728	1.1	0.8	0.0	1.7	1.7
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	7,729	7,140	7,681	6,874	8,034	4.7	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.8
At expanding establishments	6,744	6,172	6,795	5,792	7,157	4.1	3.8	4.1	3.5	4.3
At opening establishments	985	968	886	1,082	877	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.5
Gross job losses	6,633	6,867	6,673	6,181	5,392	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.2
At contracting establishments	5,070	5,151	5,286	5,165	4,520	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	2.7
At closing establishments	1,563	1,716	1,387	1,016	872	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.5
Net employment change (2)	1,096	273	1,008	693	2,642	0.6	0.3	0.6	0.5	1.6
Retail trade
Gross job gains	29,255	24,530	26,553	23,492	30,313	6.4	5.3	5.8	5.1	6.6
At expanding establishments	26,161	21,650	23,031	20,075	26,109	5.7	4.7	5.0	4.4	5.7
At opening establishments	3,094	2,880	3,522	3,417	4,204	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	23,279	25,999	25,703	24,434	24,508	5.1	5.7	5.6	5.3	5.3
At contracting establishments	19,453	23,142	22,133	22,086	21,007	4.3	5.1	4.8	4.8	4.5
At closing establishments	3,826	2,857	3,570	2,348	3,501	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.8
Net employment change (2)	5,976	-1,469	850	-942	5,805	1.3	-0.4	0.2	-0.2	1.3
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	5,297	5,010	6,740	5,585	6,006	5.2	4.9	6.5	5.3	5.7
At expanding establishments	4,424	3,975	6,243	4,435	5,098	4.3	3.9	6.0	4.2	4.8
At opening establishments	873	1,035	497	1,150	908	0.9	1.0	0.5	1.1	0.9
Gross job losses	4,786	4,738	4,215	5,623	6,787	4.7	4.6	4.1	5.3	6.3
At contracting establishments	3,788	3,803	3,408	4,810	5,467	3.7	3.7	3.3	4.5	5.1
At closing establishments	998	935	807	813	1,320	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.2
Net employment change (2)	511	272	2,525	-38	-781	0.5	0.3	2.4	0.0	-0.6
Information
Gross job gains	3,144	2,803	2,805	2,543	2,718	5.7	5.1	5.1	4.5	4.8
At expanding establishments	2,376	1,923	1,887	1,742	1,940	4.3	3.5	3.4	3.1	3.4
At opening establishments	768	880	918	801	778	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.4	1.4
Gross job losses	2,458	2,677	2,492	2,172	2,307	4.4	4.8	4.6	3.8	4.0
At contracting establishments	1,616	2,233	2,073	1,808	1,548	2.9	4.0	3.8	3.2	2.7
At closing establishments	842	444	419	364	759	1.5	0.8	0.8	0.6	1.3
Net employment change (2)	686	126	313	371	411	1.3	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.8
Financial activities
Gross job gains	9,238	7,468	8,108	7,322	9,272	4.8	4.0	4.3	3.9	4.9
At expanding establishments	7,827	6,002	6,408	5,867	7,709	4.1	3.2	3.4	3.1	4.1
At opening establishments	1,411	1,466	1,700	1,455	1,563	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	7,161	8,551	8,699	8,230	7,921	3.8	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.1
At contracting establishments	5,443	6,715	7,040	7,000	6,309	2.9	3.5	3.7	3.7	3.3
At closing establishments	1,718	1,836	1,659	1,230	1,612	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.7	0.8
Net employment change (2)	2,077	-1,083	-591	-908	1,351	1.0	-0.5	-0.3	-0.5	0.8
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	42,464	44,489	45,807	35,887	45,471	7.0	7.4	7.6	5.8	7.3
At expanding establishments	36,820	36,556	38,095	28,471	38,529	6.1	6.1	6.3	4.6	6.2
At opening establishments	5,644	7,933	7,712	7,416	6,942	0.9	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1
Gross job losses	45,351	43,326	37,426	31,874	42,507	7.4	7.2	6.1	5.2	6.8
At contracting establishments	37,196	35,109	30,096	26,310	36,162	6.1	5.8	4.9	4.3	5.8
At closing establishments	8,155	8,217	7,330	5,564	6,345	1.3	1.4	1.2	0.9	1.0
Net employment change (2)	-2,887	1,163	8,381	4,013	2,964	-0.4	0.2	1.5	0.6	0.5
Education and health services
Gross job gains	23,446	23,089	22,440	20,519	23,639	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
At expanding establishments	19,681	20,296	19,651	17,160	19,663	3.2	3.3	3.2	2.8	3.2
At opening establishments	3,765	2,793	2,789	3,359	3,976	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.6
Gross job losses	22,644	20,989	20,580	24,528	24,818	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.9	4.0
At contracting establishments	18,789	17,673	16,983	21,306	21,130	3.0	2.8	2.7	3.4	3.4
At closing establishments	3,855	3,316	3,597	3,222	3,688	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6
Net employment change (2)	802	2,100	1,860	-4,009	-1,179	0.2	0.5	0.3	-0.6	-0.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	37,833	31,151	35,501	32,742	38,882	9.4	7.8	8.9	8.2	9.6
At expanding establishments	32,109	23,276	27,281	23,633	32,953	8.0	5.8	6.8	5.9	8.1
At opening establishments	5,724	7,875	8,220	9,109	5,929	1.4	2.0	2.1	2.3	1.5
Gross job losses	32,503	37,089	33,302	30,246	31,986	8.1	9.3	8.3	7.5	7.9
At contracting establishments	24,933	30,293	27,353	25,619	25,105	6.2	7.6	6.8	6.4	6.2
At closing establishments	7,570	6,796	5,949	4,627	6,881	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.1	1.7
Net employment change (2)	5,330	-5,938	2,199	2,496	6,896	1.3	-1.5	0.6	0.7	1.7
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	9,599	9,116	8,233	8,519	10,101	8.1	7.6	6.8	7.0	8.3
At expanding establishments	7,340	6,834	6,616	6,436	7,810	6.2	5.7	5.5	5.3	6.4
At opening establishments	2,259	2,282	1,617	2,083	2,291	1.9	1.9	1.3	1.7	1.9
Gross job losses	9,112	8,061	7,836	7,781	10,350	7.7	6.7	6.5	6.4	8.5
At contracting establishments	6,733	6,126	6,059	6,275	9,001	5.7	5.1	5.0	5.2	7.4
At closing establishments	2,379	1,935	1,777	1,506	1,349	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	487	1,055	397	738	-249	0.4	0.9	0.3	0.6	-0.2
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, 2nd quarter 2014, seasonally adjusted

State	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Jun. 2013	Sep. 2013	Dec. 2013	Mar. 2014	Jun. 2014	Jun. 2013	Sep. 2013	Dec. 2013	Mar. 2014	Jun. 2014
United States (1)	6.4	6.3	6.4	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.6
Alabama	6.0	5.5	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.7	5.5
Alaska	10.7	9.8	10.1	10.8	10.9	9.9	10.1	10.4	9.6	10.9
Arizona	6.2	6.4	6.7	5.7	6.0	5.9	5.5	5.4	6.0	6.0
Arkansas	5.3	5.8	6.0	5.8	5.6	6.0	5.7	5.5	5.0	4.9
California	7.0	6.9	7.3	6.8	7.0	6.5	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.4
Colorado	7.0	7.0	6.9	6.7	7.3	6.1	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.1
Connecticut	5.6	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.6	4.8	5.4	5.4	5.0	4.8
Delaware	6.5	6.6	6.6	6.3	6.5	5.8	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.2
District of Columbia	6.2	6.0	5.8	5.9	6.4	5.7	5.1	5.4	5.5	5.7
Florida	7.1	7.0	7.0	6.5	7.2	6.4	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.2
Georgia	6.6	6.6	6.8	6.5	6.8	6.1	6.0	5.8	5.6	5.9
Hawaii	5.2	5.6	5.4	4.8	4.9	5.1	4.7	4.5	5.1	5.1
Idaho	8.0	7.7	8.3	8.4	7.7	7.4	7.2	7.3	7.2	8.0
Illinois	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.8	6.1	5.3	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.5
Indiana	5.7	5.6	6.1	5.3	5.9	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.5	5.0
Iowa	6.0	5.9	6.0	5.8	6.2	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.7
Kansas	6.2	6.1	6.2	5.7	6.1	5.6	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.7
Kentucky	5.9	6.0	6.5	6.1	6.2	5.7	5.5	5.4	5.9	5.5
Louisiana	6.3	6.9	6.7	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.0	6.1	5.8	6.4
Maine	8.1	7.4	7.0	6.7	7.8	6.4	7.3	7.5	7.0	6.5
Maryland	6.2	6.1	6.4	5.9	6.6	6.1	6.1	6.3	5.8	5.8
Massachusetts	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.3	6.3	5.0	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.3
Michigan	6.3	5.9	6.0	5.5	6.4	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.1	5.4
Minnesota	6.1	5.6	5.6	5.3	6.5	5.2	5.5	5.6	5.7	5.1
Mississippi	5.9	6.2	6.6	5.7	6.1	6.1	5.8	5.6	5.9	6.7
Missouri	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.3
Montana	8.0	7.7	8.2	7.2	8.2	7.9	7.6	7.5	7.9	7.7
Nebraska	6.0	6.3	6.3	5.9	6.0	5.4	5.7	5.7	5.6	6.0
Nevada	6.7	6.0	6.3	6.6	6.7	5.6	5.8	5.3	5.2	5.6
New Hampshire	6.8	6.0	6.8	5.7	6.7	5.9	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.1
New Jersey	6.5	6.2	6.4	5.9	6.9	5.7	6.2	6.4	6.2	5.8
New Mexico	6.9	6.7	6.9	6.3	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.4	6.4	6.1
New York	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.2	6.6	5.8	6.1	6.0	6.0	5.7
North Carolina	6.3	6.3	6.4	5.9	6.4	5.8	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.5
North Dakota	7.3	8.3	8.2	8.6	7.6	7.6	6.9	6.9	6.8	7.0
Ohio	6.2	5.6	6.0	5.6	6.1	5.3	5.6	5.3	5.6	5.3
Oklahoma	6.4	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.2	5.9	5.7	6.2	6.0	6.1
Oregon	7.2	7.1	6.9	7.0	6.9	6.3	6.3	6.6	6.1	6.4
Pennsylvania	5.3	5.2	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.9	4.8
Rhode Island	6.5	6.2	6.2	5.7	6.5	5.7	6.1	5.7	5.7	5.5
South Carolina	6.3	6.2	6.7	6.2	6.5	5.4	5.6	5.5	5.8	5.7
South Dakota	6.5	6.2	6.9	6.3	6.4	5.7	6.3	6.0	6.1	6.0
Tennessee	5.6	5.5	6.3	5.4	5.6	5.3	5.3	4.7	5.3	5.0
Texas	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.9	6.0	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.1	4.9
Utah	7.0	6.9	7.4	6.5	7.0	6.5	6.4	6.1	6.0	6.6
Vermont	7.4	7.1	7.6	6.7	7.4	7.7	7.4	6.6	6.8	6.9
Virginia	5.6	5.9	5.7	5.3	6.2	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.5	5.5
Washington	7.3	7.0	6.9	6.6	7.3	6.1	6.6	6.3	5.9	5.5
West Virginia	6.2	6.0	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.6	6.4	6.4	6.7	6.4
Wisconsin	5.8	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.9	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.1	5.0
Wyoming	8.6	8.4	9.4	8.4	8.7	9.1	8.2	8.1	8.0	8.2
Puerto Rico	6.0	6.1	6.6	5.1	5.6	6.0	6.6	5.2	6.4	6.3
Virgin Islands	4.9	5.7	5.5	4.9	6.1	6.8	6.5	6.0	6.1	6.4
Footnotes: (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.