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17-474-CHI
Tuesday, May 16, 2017
From June 2016 to September 2016 gross job gains in Indiana totaled 149,640, while gross job losses numbered 132,940, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer noted that gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 16,700. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 2,211.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.).
The 149,640 gross job gains in September 2016 followed the 137,024 gross job gains in June 2016. Indiana’s gross job gains have remained above 131,000 each quarter since the recent low in March 2014. Gross job losses in September 2016 totaled 132,940 in the state. Since December 2009 gross job losses have remained below 140,000. (See chart 1.)
Gross job gains represented 5.8 percent of private sector employment in Indiana in the quarter ended September 2016, while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) Since the series inception in 1992, the rate of gross job gains in Indiana has been below the U.S. rate each quarter, with three exceptions. Gross job losses accounted for 5.1 percent of private sector employment in Indiana in the quarter ended September 2016, lower than the national rate of 5.8 percent. Since the series began, Indiana’s rate of gross job losses has been below the national rate, with only three exceptions.
During the third quarter of 2016, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in eight industry sectors in Indiana. For example, within education and health services, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 4,456. While more than 14,000 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments in the industry, approximately 18,600 jobs were created by opening and expanding establishments in the 3-months ended in September 2016. In professional and business services, more than 27,000 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments and more than 23,000 jobs lost in closing and contracting establishments. Two other industry sectors had net employment gains greater than 2,000 — construction and retail trade. (See table 1.)
In contrast, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in three industry sectors. Within manufacturing, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 1,468. In the two remaining sectors, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by less than 300.
Indiana was among the five states in the East North Central Census division. In the third quarter of 2016, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in four states in the division, including Indiana. Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in one state, Wisconsin. (See table A.) All five states in the division had rates of gross job gains that were lower than the 6.4-percent national rate. The five states in the division also had rates of gross job losses that were below the 5.8-percent national rate.
Area | Gross job gains | Gross job losses | Net change | Net change as a percent of total employment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | As a percent of total employment | Total | As a percent of total employment | |||
United States | 7,650,000 | 6.4 | 6,962,000 | 5.8 | 688,000 | 0.6 |
East North Central (1) | 1,044,208 | — | 1,020,714 | — | 23,494 | — |
Illinois | 293,311 | 5.7 | 289,298 | 5.7 | 4,013 | 0.0 |
Indiana | 149,640 | 5.8 | 132,940 | 5.1 | 16,700 | 0.7 |
Michigan | 206,985 | 5.6 | 205,425 | 5.6 | 1,560 | 0.0 |
Ohio | 260,780 | 5.6 | 258,978 | 5.6 | 1,802 | 0.0 |
Wisconsin | 133,492 | 5.5 | 134,073 | 5.5 | -581 | 0.0 |
Footnotes: | ||||||
Note: Dash indicates data not available. |
BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm.
The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2016 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 26, 2017.
The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled from existing QCEW records. The QCEW reports are sent by the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s QCEW program and establishment universe sampling frame. These reports are also used to produce the QCEW data on total employment and wages. Other important Bureau uses of the QCEW reports are in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, net changes, and earnings by detailed industry.
In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.
Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.
The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:
Openings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the second time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.
Expansions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.
Closings. These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.
Contractions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Category | Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended) | Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sept 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept 2016 | Sept 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept 2016 | |
Total private (1) | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 140,328 | 158,633 | 141,057 | 137,024 | 149,640 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 |
At expanding establishments | 116,651 | 135,057 | 121,242 | 117,651 | 127,228 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
At opening establishments | 23,677 | 23,576 | 19,815 | 19,373 | 22,412 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
Gross job losses | 136,850 | 126,844 | 136,213 | 134,813 | 132,940 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
At contracting establishments | 117,835 | 107,936 | 119,014 | 116,058 | 114,544 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
At closing establishments | 19,015 | 18,908 | 17,199 | 18,755 | 18,396 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
Net employment change (2) | 3,478 | 31,789 | 4,844 | 2,211 | 16,700 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
Construction | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 13,372 | 14,600 | 11,608 | 13,014 | 14,514 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 11.0 |
At expanding establishments | 11,483 | 12,044 | 9,582 | 11,114 | 12,536 | 9.0 | 9.3 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 9.5 |
At opening establishments | 1,889 | 2,556 | 2,026 | 1,900 | 1,978 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
Gross job losses | 12,337 | 11,672 | 14,022 | 10,448 | 11,876 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 10.7 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
At contracting establishments | 10,192 | 9,809 | 12,287 | 8,604 | 10,086 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 9.4 | 6.6 | 7.6 |
At closing establishments | 2,145 | 1,863 | 1,735 | 1,844 | 1,790 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Net employment change (2) | 1,035 | 2,928 | -2,414 | 2,566 | 2,638 | 0.8 | 2.3 | -1.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Manufacturing | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 13,323 | 15,413 | 15,260 | 14,782 | 13,942 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
At expanding establishments | 12,763 | 14,770 | 14,555 | 13,936 | 12,824 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5 |
At opening establishments | 560 | 643 | 705 | 846 | 1,118 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Gross job losses | 13,820 | 13,262 | 12,953 | 15,033 | 15,410 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
At contracting establishments | 13,131 | 12,296 | 12,453 | 14,235 | 14,234 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
At closing establishments | 689 | 966 | 500 | 798 | 1,176 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Net employment change (2) | -497 | 2,151 | 2,307 | -251 | -1,468 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -0.2 |
Wholesale trade | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 5,152 | 5,644 | 5,328 | 5,128 | 5,011 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
At expanding establishments | 4,151 | 4,471 | 4,487 | 4,216 | 4,049 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 |
At opening establishments | 1,001 | 1,173 | 841 | 912 | 962 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Gross job losses | 5,104 | 5,002 | 5,069 | 5,054 | 5,102 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 |
At contracting establishments | 4,274 | 3,980 | 4,122 | 4,089 | 4,211 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
At closing establishments | 830 | 1,022 | 947 | 965 | 891 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Net employment change (2) | 48 | 642 | 259 | 74 | -91 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | -0.2 |
Retail trade | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 21,392 | 18,587 | 21,992 | 17,399 | 20,832 | 6.6 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 6.2 |
At expanding establishments | 18,551 | 16,435 | 19,651 | 15,619 | 18,498 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 5.5 |
At opening establishments | 2,841 | 2,152 | 2,341 | 1,780 | 2,334 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
Gross job losses | 19,174 | 17,845 | 16,789 | 16,690 | 18,263 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.5 |
At contracting establishments | 17,209 | 16,047 | 14,870 | 15,034 | 16,302 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
At closing establishments | 1,965 | 1,798 | 1,919 | 1,656 | 1,961 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Net employment change (2) | 2,218 | 742 | 5,203 | 709 | 2,569 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
Transportation and warehousing | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 5,310 | 8,712 | 6,681 | 5,642 | 6,872 | 4.6 | 7.2 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.6 |
At expanding establishments | 4,421 | 7,826 | 6,069 | 5,016 | 6,233 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 5.1 |
At opening establishments | 889 | 886 | 612 | 626 | 639 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Gross job losses | 5,612 | 4,447 | 7,509 | 7,093 | 5,661 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 4.7 |
At contracting establishments | 5,043 | 3,620 | 6,613 | 6,457 | 4,933 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 4.1 |
At closing establishments | 569 | 827 | 896 | 636 | 728 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Net employment change (2) | -302 | 4,265 | -828 | -1,451 | 1,211 | -0.2 | 3.5 | -0.7 | -1.2 | 0.9 |
Information | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 1,477 | 1,417 | 1,524 | 1,404 | 1,228 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.8 |
At expanding establishments | 1,280 | 1,303 | 1,212 | 1,175 | 979 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.0 |
At opening establishments | 197 | 114 | 312 | 229 | 249 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
Gross job losses | 1,842 | 1,515 | 1,673 | 1,687 | 1,527 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.7 |
At contracting establishments | 1,668 | 1,289 | 1,331 | 1,475 | 1,281 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.9 |
At closing establishments | 174 | 226 | 342 | 212 | 246 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
Net employment change (2) | -365 | -98 | -149 | -283 | -299 | -1.1 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.8 | -0.9 |
Financial activities | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 6,615 | 7,124 | 5,547 | 6,062 | 6,536 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.0 |
At expanding establishments | 5,349 | 5,623 | 4,239 | 4,919 | 5,139 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.9 |
At opening establishments | 1,266 | 1,501 | 1,308 | 1,143 | 1,397 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
Gross job losses | 5,703 | 5,558 | 5,708 | 5,768 | 5,415 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
At contracting establishments | 4,403 | 4,108 | 4,512 | 4,412 | 4,296 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 |
At closing establishments | 1,300 | 1,450 | 1,196 | 1,356 | 1,119 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Net employment change (2) | 912 | 1,566 | -161 | 294 | 1,121 | 0.8 | 1.2 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
Professional and business services | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 24,536 | 35,167 | 22,458 | 25,760 | 27,200 | 7.5 | 10.6 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 8.2 |
At expanding establishments | 19,577 | 29,947 | 18,985 | 21,633 | 22,999 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 6.9 |
At opening establishments | 4,959 | 5,220 | 3,473 | 4,127 | 4,201 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Gross job losses | 27,447 | 23,620 | 29,448 | 24,446 | 23,111 | 8.4 | 7.1 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 6.9 |
At contracting establishments | 23,584 | 19,253 | 25,971 | 20,141 | 19,425 | 7.2 | 5.8 | 7.7 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
At closing establishments | 3,863 | 4,367 | 3,477 | 4,305 | 3,686 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
Net employment change (2) | -2,911 | 11,547 | -6,990 | 1,314 | 4,089 | -0.9 | 3.5 | -2.1 | 0.3 | 1.3 |
Education and health services | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 18,269 | 17,109 | 16,676 | 15,756 | 18,658 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.2 |
At expanding establishments | 14,969 | 14,426 | 14,550 | 13,761 | 16,459 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
At opening establishments | 3,300 | 2,683 | 2,126 | 1,995 | 2,199 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Gross job losses | 13,862 | 13,628 | 13,832 | 14,080 | 14,202 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
At contracting establishments | 11,545 | 12,087 | 11,983 | 11,912 | 12,362 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
At closing establishments | 2,317 | 1,541 | 1,849 | 2,168 | 1,840 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Net employment change (2) | 4,407 | 3,481 | 2,844 | 1,676 | 4,456 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 22,741 | 25,559 | 26,009 | 24,129 | 25,745 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 8.4 |
At expanding establishments | 17,562 | 20,782 | 21,174 | 19,648 | 19,919 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
At opening establishments | 5,179 | 4,777 | 4,835 | 4,481 | 5,826 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
Gross job losses | 23,632 | 22,841 | 21,431 | 25,403 | 24,546 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 8.3 | 8.0 |
At contracting establishments | 20,031 | 19,215 | 18,251 | 22,151 | 21,184 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 6.9 |
At closing establishments | 3,601 | 3,626 | 3,180 | 3,252 | 3,362 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Net employment change (2) | -891 | 2,718 | 4,578 | -1,274 | 1,199 | -0.3 | 1.0 | 1.6 | -0.4 | 0.4 |
Other services (3) | ||||||||||
Gross job gains | 5,909 | 6,334 | 5,704 | 5,960 | 6,411 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.6 |
At expanding establishments | 4,937 | 4,873 | 4,851 | 5,006 | 5,240 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.2 |
At opening establishments | 972 | 1,461 | 853 | 954 | 1,171 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
Gross job losses | 5,725 | 5,448 | 5,514 | 6,078 | 5,677 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 6.7 |
At contracting establishments | 4,580 | 4,541 | 4,670 | 4,792 | 4,537 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.4 |
At closing establishments | 1,145 | 907 | 844 | 1,286 | 1,140 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Net employment change (2) | 184 | 886 | 190 | -118 | 734 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.9 |
Footnotes: |
Category | Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sept. 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept. 2016 | Sept. 2015 | Dec. 2015 | Mar. 2016 | June 2016 | Sept. 2016 | |
United States(1) | 6.3 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.8 |
Alabama | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
Alaska | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 9.0 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 11.9 | 11.1 |
Arizona | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.2 |
Arkansas | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.4 |
California | 6.9 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.1 |
Colorado | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.2 |
Connecticut | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
Delaware | 6.1 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
District of Columbia | 6.1 | 6.2 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.7 |
Florida | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
Georgia | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 5.9 |
Hawaii | 5.1 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 5.0 |
Idaho | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
Illinois | 5.4 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.7 |
Indiana | 5.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
Iowa | 5.7 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 5.8 |
Kansas | 5.7 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
Kentucky | 6.1 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 |
Louisiana | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.5 |
Maine | 6.6 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.4 |
Maryland | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.0 |
Massachusetts | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.5 |
Michigan | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 |
Minnesota | 5.4 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Mississippi | 6.2 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 5.6 |
Missouri | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
Montana | 7.6 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 8.6 | 7.8 |
Nebraska | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.9 |
Nevada | 6.2 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.5 |
New Hampshire | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.3 |
New Jersey | 6.3 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
New Mexico | 6.5 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.2 |
New York | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
North Carolina | 6.3 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
North Dakota | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 7.1 |
Ohio | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Oklahoma | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 |
Oregon | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
Pennsylvania | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 |
Rhode Island | 5.8 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.0 |
South Carolina | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 |
South Dakota | 5.9 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.2 |
Tennessee | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
Texas | 5.9 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 |
Utah | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 |
Vermont | 6.9 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.4 |
Virginia | 7.1 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 |
Washington | 6.7 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.4 |
West Virginia | 5.8 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 6.6 |
Wisconsin | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 |
Wyoming | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 8.9 |
Puerto Rico | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
Virgin Islands | 6.0 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.5 |
Footnotes |
Last Modified Date: Tuesday, May 16, 2017