From June 2018 to September 2018, gross job losses in Ohio totaled 268,421, while gross job gains numbered 247,650, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Charlene Peiffer, noted that gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 20,771. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 10,465. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Technical Note for more information.)

Ohio’s rate of gross job lossesas a percent of private sector employment was 5.7 percent, lower than the national rate of 6.0 percent in the third quarter of 2018. The state’s rate of gross job losses has been below the U.S. rate in all but two quarters since the series began in September 1992. Gross job gains represented 5.3 percent of private sector employment in Ohio while nationally gross job gains accounted for 6.0 percent of private sector employment. (See chart 2.) The rate of gross job gains in the state has been below the U.S. rate in all but one quarter since the series began.

During the third quarter of 2018, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 8 of the 11 industry sectors in Ohio. For example, within leisure and hospitality, closing and contracting establishments lost just over 52,000 jobs while opening and expanding establishments gained slightly more than 46,000 jobs. The resulting net loss of 6,072 jobs was the largest of any Ohio sector in the third quarter of 2018. In professional and business services, nearly 48,200 jobs were lost in closing and contracting establishments, and almost 44,300 jobs were created in opening and expanding establishments, resulting in a net employment loss of 3,889, the second largest among the state’s sectors. Ohio’s retail trade sector lost nearly 36,500 jobs at closing and contracting establishments and gained just over 33,200 jobs at opening and expanding establishments, resulting in a net loss of 3,249 jobs. (See table 1.)

Three industry sectors in Ohio had net job gains in the third quarter of 2018. Within the education and health services sector, opening and expanding establishments gained almost 38,700 jobs while closing and contracting establishments lost nearly 37,600 jobs, resulting in a net gain of 1,079 jobs. Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by less than 1,000 in the transportation and warehousing and wholesale trade sectors.

Ohio was among the five states in the East North Central Census division. Gross job losses exceeded gross gains in all five states in the division in the third quarter of 2018. (See table A.) Four of the five states had rates of gross job losses that were lower than the 6.0-percent national rate. Michigan’s rate of gross job losses exceeded the national rate. All five states had rates of gross job gains that were lower than the 6.0-percent national rate.

Additional statistics and other information

BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. For more information on the Business Employment Dynamics data, visit the BED web site at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

Table A. Private sector gross job gains and losses for the United States, East North Central Division, and East North Central states, September 2018, seasonally adjusted

Area	Gross job gains		Gross job losses		Net change	Net change as a percent of total employment
	Total	As a percent of total employment	Total	As a percent of total employment
United States	7,448,000	6.0	7,421,000	6.0	27,000	0.0
East North Central (1)	992,584	—	1,083,980	—	-91,396	—
Illinois	289,306	5.6	295,943	5.7	-6,637	-0.1
Indiana	139,020	5.2	142,048	5.4	-3,028	-0.2
Michigan	190,601	5.0	232,016	6.2	-41,415	-1.2
Ohio	247,650	5.3	268,421	5.7	-20,771	-0.4
Wisconsin	126,007	5.1	145,552	5.9	-19,545	-0.8
Footnotes: (1) Data were calculated for this release using published gross job gains and gross job losses for states located in the East North Central Census Division.
Note: Dash indicates data not available.

The Business Employment Dynamics release for fourth quarter 2018 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 24, 2019.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Ohio, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept 2018	Sept 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept 2018
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	243,678	264,245	257,964	260,528	247,650	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.3
At expanding establishments	208,223	226,439	224,239	220,118	211,968	4.5	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.5
At opening establishments	35,455	37,806	33,725	40,410	35,682	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8
Gross job losses	262,622	241,351	233,979	250,063	268,421	5.7	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.7
At contracting establishments	225,425	205,476	201,433	213,673	229,619	4.9	4.4	4.3	4.6	4.9
At closing establishments	37,197	35,875	32,546	36,390	38,802	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-18,944	22,894	23,985	10,465	-20,771	-0.4	0.5	0.5	0.2	-0.4
Construction
Gross job gains	18,272	21,400	23,030	22,522	19,212	8.4	9.9	10.5	10.1	8.7
At expanding establishments	15,231	17,759	19,511	18,961	16,530	7.0	8.2	8.9	8.5	7.5
At opening establishments	3,041	3,641	3,519	3,561	2,682	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.2
Gross job losses	23,375	24,431	19,240	19,281	21,235	10.7	11.3	8.7	8.7	9.6
At contracting establishments	20,114	21,056	16,361	16,089	18,435	9.2	9.7	7.4	7.3	8.3
At closing establishments	3,261	3,375	2,879	3,192	2,800	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-5,103	-3,031	3,790	3,241	-2,023	-2.3	-1.4	1.8	1.4	-0.9
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	18,274	27,094	21,678	20,651	18,724	2.6	4.0	3.1	3.0	2.7
At expanding establishments	17,311	26,035	20,847	19,561	17,597	2.5	3.8	3.0	2.8	2.5
At opening establishments	963	1,059	831	1,090	1,127	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2
Gross job losses	22,354	16,278	17,875	17,867	21,530	3.3	2.4	2.6	2.5	3.0
At contracting establishments	21,028	14,911	16,676	16,428	20,541	3.1	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.9
At closing establishments	1,326	1,367	1,199	1,439	989	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.1
Net employment change (2)	-4,080	10,816	3,803	2,784	-2,806	-0.7	1.6	0.5	0.5	-0.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	9,698	10,538	9,961	10,425	10,145	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.3
At expanding establishments	8,011	8,887	8,613	8,888	8,438	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.6
At opening establishments	1,687	1,651	1,348	1,537	1,707	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	9,895	8,991	8,511	8,729	9,893	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.7	4.2
At contracting establishments	7,834	7,162	6,818	7,087	8,034	3.3	3.0	2.9	3.0	3.4
At closing establishments	2,061	1,829	1,693	1,642	1,859	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-197	1,547	1,450	1,696	252	-0.1	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains	33,212	31,673	32,582	30,760	33,240	5.7	5.6	5.7	5.4	5.9
At expanding establishments	30,249	28,511	29,861	27,306	30,253	5.2	5.0	5.2	4.8	5.4
At opening establishments	2,963	3,162	2,721	3,454	2,987	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gross job losses	35,319	32,439	30,219	35,370	36,489	6.2	5.6	5.2	6.2	6.5
At contracting establishments	31,560	28,930	27,831	32,400	31,117	5.5	5.0	4.8	5.7	5.5
At closing establishments	3,759	3,509	2,388	2,970	5,372	0.7	0.6	0.4	0.5	1.0
Net employment change (2)	-2,107	-766	2,363	-4,610	-3,249	-0.5	0.0	0.5	-0.8	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	9,560	13,784	10,250	11,621	10,130	5.1	7.2	5.3	5.9	5.1
At expanding establishments	8,540	12,784	9,322	10,231	9,152	4.6	6.7	4.8	5.2	4.6
At opening establishments	1,020	1,000	928	1,390	978	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.5
Gross job losses	9,004	8,229	11,905	9,303	9,337	4.9	4.4	6.2	4.7	4.7
At contracting establishments	7,769	7,120	10,954	8,277	8,485	4.2	3.8	5.7	4.2	4.3
At closing establishments	1,235	1,109	951	1,026	852	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4
Net employment change (2)	556	5,555	-1,655	2,318	793	0.2	2.8	-0.9	1.2	0.4
Information
Gross job gains	3,651	3,064	3,114	3,260	2,812	5.1	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.0
At expanding establishments	3,104	2,598	2,582	2,333	2,421	4.3	3.6	3.6	3.3	3.4
At opening establishments	547	466	532	927	391	0.8	0.7	0.7	1.3	0.6
Gross job losses	3,284	3,765	3,063	3,153	3,878	4.6	5.2	4.3	4.4	5.4
At contracting establishments	2,856	3,247	2,403	2,652	3,136	4.0	4.5	3.4	3.7	4.4
At closing establishments	428	518	660	501	742	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.7	1.0
Net employment change (2)	367	-701	51	107	-1,066	0.5	-0.9	0.0	0.2	-1.4
Financial activities
Gross job gains	12,677	11,898	12,517	13,107	11,180	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.5	3.8
At expanding establishments	10,453	9,584	10,357	10,857	9,122	3.6	3.3	3.6	3.7	3.1
At opening establishments	2,224	2,314	2,160	2,250	2,058	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7
Gross job losses	12,147	13,006	11,250	11,376	12,903	4.2	4.5	3.8	3.9	4.5
At contracting establishments	9,969	10,498	9,128	8,874	10,651	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.0	3.7
At closing establishments	2,178	2,508	2,122	2,502	2,252	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.8
Net employment change (2)	530	-1,108	1,267	1,731	-1,723	0.2	-0.4	0.5	0.6	-0.7
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	40,641	47,132	44,486	46,945	44,290	5.6	6.5	6.1	6.5	6.1
At expanding establishments	34,033	39,399	38,489	39,235	37,072	4.7	5.4	5.3	5.4	5.1
At opening establishments	6,608	7,733	5,997	7,710	7,218	0.9	1.1	0.8	1.1	1.0
Gross job losses	46,552	41,487	43,204	43,944	48,179	6.4	5.7	6.0	6.0	6.6
At contracting establishments	38,458	34,400	36,120	36,936	40,900	5.3	4.7	5.0	5.0	5.6
At closing establishments	8,094	7,087	7,084	7,008	7,279	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Net employment change (2)	-5,911	5,645	1,282	3,001	-3,889	-0.8	0.8	0.1	0.5	-0.5
Education and health services
Gross job gains	35,772	33,153	34,449	36,453	38,675	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.3
At expanding establishments	31,116	28,710	30,647	31,133	33,522	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.7
At opening establishments	4,656	4,443	3,802	5,320	5,153	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.6
Gross job losses	35,143	33,445	31,120	35,081	37,596	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.9	4.1
At contracting establishments	30,272	28,434	26,642	29,438	31,232	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.3	3.4
At closing establishments	4,871	5,011	4,478	5,643	6,364	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.7
Net employment change (2)	629	-292	3,329	1,372	1,079	0.1	-0.1	0.3	0.1	0.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	49,282	50,194	51,021	49,898	46,015	8.9	8.9	8.9	8.8	8.1
At expanding establishments	39,468	40,411	41,374	39,145	36,988	7.1	7.2	7.2	6.9	6.5
At opening establishments	9,814	9,783	9,647	10,753	9,027	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.6
Gross job losses	50,609	46,075	44,927	51,696	52,087	9.0	8.2	7.9	9.1	9.2
At contracting establishments	43,131	38,632	38,195	43,902	43,977	7.7	6.9	6.7	7.7	7.8
At closing establishments	7,478	7,443	6,732	7,794	8,110	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-1,327	4,119	6,094	-1,798	-6,072	-0.1	0.7	1.0	-0.3	-1.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	9,149	10,249	10,236	11,293	9,918	6.1	6.8	6.7	7.4	6.5
At expanding establishments	7,648	8,226	8,837	9,401	8,250	5.1	5.5	5.8	6.2	5.4
At opening establishments	1,501	2,023	1,399	1,892	1,668	1.0	1.3	0.9	1.2	1.1
Gross job losses	11,103	9,738	9,648	10,092	10,873	7.3	6.5	6.4	6.6	7.1
At contracting establishments	9,304	7,995	7,692	8,200	9,240	6.1	5.3	5.1	5.4	6.0
At closing establishments	1,799	1,743	1,956	1,892	1,633	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-1,954	511	588	1,201	-955	-1.2	0.3	0.3	0.8	-0.6
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept. 2018	Sept. 2017	Dec. 2017	Mar. 2018	June 2018	Sept. 2018
United States(1)	6.0	6.4	6.0	6.1	6.0	6.1	5.6	5.4	5.8	6.0
Alabama	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.7	5.9
Alaska	8.7	9.7	9.8	10.9	8.9	10.8	10.2	8.8	10.7	10.6
Arizona	6.6	6.3	6.0	6.0	6.6	5.2	5.3	5.3	5.9	5.0
Arkansas	5.8	6.1	5.4	5.0	6.0	5.5	5.1	5.0	5.6	5.5
California	6.5	6.9	6.4	6.7	6.5	6.3	6.0	5.9	6.3	6.2
Colorado	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.8
Connecticut	5.4	5.3	5.1	5.8	5.2	5.8	5.2	5.2	5.0	5.6
Delaware	6.4	7.0	7.1	6.5	5.6	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.0	6.6
District of Columbia	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.6	5.3	5.2	5.0	4.7	5.5	5.5
Florida	5.8	8.2	6.1	6.5	6.7	7.5	5.3	5.5	6.1	5.7
Georgia	6.2	6.9	6.5	6.2	6.7	6.1	5.6	5.6	6.4	6.2
Hawaii	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.2	5.1	5.1	4.7	4.8	5.5	5.5
Idaho	6.7	7.4	7.9	7.3	6.8	6.8	6.6	5.9	6.7	6.9
Illinois	5.6	6.0	5.7	5.6	5.6	6.0	5.3	5.1	5.5	5.7
Indiana	5.4	5.7	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.6	5.0	5.1	5.5	5.4
Iowa	5.5	5.9	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.7	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.7
Kansas	6.3	5.9	5.2	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.2	5.5	5.6	5.7
Kentucky	6.0	6.1	6.2	5.9	5.7	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.6	6.0
Louisiana	6.2	6.2	6.5	6.1	6.2	6.1	6.0	5.8	6.5	6.2
Maine	6.5	7.2	7.2	8.1	6.0	7.5	6.6	7.0	7.1	7.5
Maryland	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.3	5.7	5.8	6.6
Massachusetts	5.4	5.7	5.4	6.1	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.2	5.4	6.2
Michigan	5.3	5.7	5.7	5.6	5.0	6.0	5.4	4.6	5.1	6.2
Minnesota	5.3	5.8	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.7	5.5	5.0	5.3	5.7
Mississippi	5.9	6.3	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.7
Missouri	5.9	5.7	5.4	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.7	6.0
Montana	7.2	8.5	7.8	8.0	7.2	7.9	7.4	7.1	7.8	7.9
Nebraska	5.9	6.2	5.6	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.8	6.0
Nevada	6.2	6.6	6.5	6.1	6.7	5.8	5.2	5.4	5.8	5.6
New Hampshire	5.5	6.7	6.1	6.7	5.6	6.6	5.9	5.9	6.3	6.8
New Jersey	6.0	6.4	5.6	6.5	6.0	6.3	5.8	5.8	5.7	6.3
New Mexico	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.1	5.5	6.2	6.4
New York	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.8	5.6	5.8	6.4
North Carolina	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.1	5.6	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.5	6.5
North Dakota	6.7	6.8	7.0	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.3	6.2	6.6
Ohio	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.7	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.7
Oklahoma	6.6	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.6	6.0	5.8	5.5	6.5	6.1
Oregon	6.6	6.8	7.8	6.2	6.2	6.4	6.0	5.6	6.2	6.3
Pennsylvania	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.2
Rhode Island	6.0	6.6	6.3	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.4
South Carolina	5.8	7.0	5.9	7.5	5.8	6.2	5.3	4.7	6.5	6.5
South Dakota	5.8	6.4	6.4	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.8
Tennessee	5.4	5.9	5.0	5.5	5.8	5.2	4.9	4.8	5.1	5.2
Texas	5.9	6.4	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.3	5.1	5.2	5.4
Utah	7.0	7.0	7.4	6.9	7.3	6.3	5.9	6.0	6.3	6.5
Vermont	6.5	7.4	6.4	7.2	6.9	7.8	6.5	7.0	7.3	7.4
Virginia	5.9	6.3	5.8	6.1	5.6	6.2	5.5	5.2	5.8	6.3
Washington	6.4	6.9	7.2	7.3	6.1	6.4	6.0	5.7	6.3	6.3
West Virginia	6.7	6.3	6.8	6.8	7.0	6.3	6.1	5.8	6.4	6.4
Wisconsin	5.0	5.6	5.6	5.4	5.1	5.7	5.0	4.7	5.5	5.9
Wyoming	8.7	8.7	8.4	8.2	8.2	7.9	8.4	8.0	8.3	8.3
Puerto Rico	4.5	7.1	8.4	8.0	7.2	6.8	11.8	6.8	6.2	5.8
Virgin Islands	4.2	9.2	12.0	12.5	10.9	11.6	28.2	16.8	8.6	6.3
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.