From December 2024 to March 2025, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Minnesota were 139,190, while gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 129,481, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Assistant Commissioner for Regional Operations Michael Hirniak noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 9,709 jobs in the private sector during the first quarter of 2025. (See table 1.) During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 8,262. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.)

Gross job losses

In the first quarter of 2025, gross job losses represented 5.5 percent of private-sector employment in Minnesota; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Minnesota, contracting establishments lost 113,383 jobs in the first quarter of 2025, an increase of 4,311 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 25,807 jobs, an increase of 5,705 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job gains

In the first quarter of 2025, gross job gains represented 5.1 percent of private-sector employment in Minnesota; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 5.6 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Minnesota, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 111,558 in the first quarter of 2025, a decrease of 1,640 jobs compared to the previous quarter. Opening establishments accounted for 17,923 jobs gained in the first quarter of 2025, a decrease of 6,315 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 7 of the 11 published industry sectors in Minnesota in the first quarter of 2025. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 5,666 jobs. This was the result of 24,049 gross job gains and 29,715 gross job losses. Education and health services showed a net gain of 4,559 jobs, the largest gain of any sector in the state.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at the Business Employment Dynamics homepage and the Business Employment Dynamics Summary.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Second Quarter 2025 are scheduled to be released on Thursday, February 26, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records.

More information on formal definitions of the data used in this release, along with coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private-sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Minnesota, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2024	June 2024	Sept. 2024	Dec. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	June 2024	Sept. 2024	Dec. 2024	Mar. 2025
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	152,743	145,116	127,706	137,436	129,481	6.1	5.7	5.1	5.5	5.1
At expanding establishments	121,030	120,062	105,365	113,198	111,558	4.8	4.7	4.2	4.5	4.4
At opening establishments	31,713	25,054	22,341	24,238	17,923	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.0	0.7
Gross job losses	130,563	132,339	147,566	129,174	139,190	5.2	5.2	5.8	5.1	5.5
At contracting establishments	108,526	115,437	122,011	109,072	113,383	4.3	4.5	4.8	4.3	4.5
At closing establishments	22,037	16,902	25,555	20,102	25,807	0.9	0.7	1.0	0.8	1.0
Net employment change (2)	22,180	12,777	-19,860	8,262	-9,709	0.9	0.5	-0.7	0.4	-0.4
Construction
Gross job gains	16,385	15,441	11,560	14,698	16,793	11.8	11.1	8.5	10.7	11.9
At expanding establishments	13,202	12,851	9,436	11,716	14,710	9.5	9.2	6.9	8.5	10.4
At opening establishments	3,183	2,590	2,124	2,982	2,083	2.3	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.5
Gross job losses	13,435	13,223	15,233	13,519	14,730	9.6	9.5	11.2	9.8	10.3
At contracting establishments	11,147	11,268	12,487	12,656	11,412	8.0	8.1	9.2	9.2	8.0
At closing establishments	2,288	1,955	2,746	863	3,318	1.6	1.4	2.0	0.6	2.3
Net employment change (2)	2,950	2,218	-3,673	1,179	2,063	2.2	1.6	-2.7	0.9	1.6
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	8,831	8,914	8,066	8,531	8,436	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.7
At expanding establishments	7,831	8,321	7,446	7,999	7,860	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.5
At opening establishments	1,000	593	620	532	576	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gross job losses	10,353	10,347	11,256	9,694	10,212	3.1	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.2
At contracting establishments	9,233	9,607	10,213	8,608	9,235	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.7	2.9
At closing establishments	1,120	740	1,043	1,086	977	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
Net employment change (2)	-1,522	-1,433	-3,190	-1,163	-1,776	-0.4	-0.4	-1.0	-0.3	-0.5
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	6,498	5,179	4,896	5,045	5,220	4.9	3.8	3.6	3.8	3.9
At expanding establishments	5,175	4,179	3,919	4,111	4,636	3.9	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.5
At opening establishments	1,323	1,000	977	934	584	1.0	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.4
Gross job losses	5,536	5,345	6,045	5,350	6,014	4.2	4.0	4.5	4.1	4.5
At contracting establishments	4,356	4,557	4,666	4,344	5,036	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.8
At closing establishments	1,180	788	1,379	1,006	978	0.9	0.6	1.0	0.8	0.7
Net employment change (2)	962	-166	-1,149	-305	-794	0.7	-0.2	-0.9	-0.3	-0.6
Retail trade
Gross job gains	17,573	15,505	14,162	14,001	14,536	6.2	5.3	5.0	5.0	5.1
At expanding establishments	14,688	13,657	12,542	12,448	13,062	5.2	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.6
At opening establishments	2,885	1,848	1,620	1,553	1,474	1.0	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5
Gross job losses	13,799	15,306	17,607	15,910	13,673	4.9	5.3	6.1	5.6	4.9
At contracting establishments	11,926	13,774	15,852	13,917	11,978	4.2	4.8	5.5	4.9	4.3
At closing establishments	1,873	1,532	1,755	1,993	1,695	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6
Net employment change (2)	3,774	199	-3,445	-1,909	863	1.3	0.0	-1.1	-0.6	0.2
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	5,572	5,431	7,606	7,599	4,361	5.5	5.5	7.7	7.5	4.3
At expanding establishments	4,631	4,708	6,794	6,920	4,042	4.6	4.8	6.9	6.8	4.0
At opening establishments	941	723	812	679	319	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.3
Gross job losses	7,404	6,827	5,428	5,224	8,278	7.4	7.0	5.5	5.2	8.2
At contracting establishments	6,738	6,257	4,541	4,315	7,577	6.7	6.4	4.6	4.3	7.5
At closing establishments	666	570	887	909	701	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-1,832	-1,396	2,178	2,375	-3,917	-1.9	-1.5	2.2	2.3	-3.9
Information
Gross job gains	1,858	1,961	2,080	1,835	1,530	4.2	4.5	4.8	4.2	3.6
At expanding establishments	1,242	1,350	1,290	1,342	1,210	2.8	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.8
At opening establishments	616	611	790	493	320	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.1	0.8
Gross job losses	2,137	2,392	2,110	2,584	2,272	4.9	5.5	4.9	6.0	5.3
At contracting establishments	1,804	1,669	1,424	2,126	1,677	4.1	3.8	3.3	4.9	3.9
At closing establishments	333	723	686	458	595	0.8	1.7	1.6	1.1	1.4
Net employment change (2)	-279	-431	-30	-749	-742	-0.7	-1.0	-0.1	-1.8	-1.7
Financial activities
Gross job gains	7,089	7,463	8,285	6,199	5,352	4.1	4.3	4.8	3.6	3.1
At expanding establishments	5,438	6,145	6,835	4,663	4,511	3.1	3.5	4.0	2.7	2.6
At opening establishments	1,651	1,318	1,450	1,536	841	1.0	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.5
Gross job losses	7,369	7,188	9,113	6,968	6,168	4.3	4.2	5.3	4.1	3.6
At contracting establishments	5,972	6,025	7,764	5,759	4,582	3.5	3.5	4.5	3.4	2.7
At closing establishments	1,397	1,163	1,349	1,209	1,586	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-280	275	-828	-769	-816	-0.2	0.1	-0.5	-0.5	-0.5
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	21,125	24,837	18,045	18,755	17,339	5.6	6.6	4.8	5.0	4.7
At expanding establishments	16,090	19,804	13,881	14,553	13,977	4.3	5.3	3.7	3.9	3.8
At opening establishments	5,035	5,033	4,164	4,202	3,362	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.1	0.9
Gross job losses	20,012	22,849	22,368	21,405	20,281	5.4	6.1	6.0	5.8	5.5
At contracting establishments	16,027	19,765	17,865	18,109	15,421	4.3	5.3	4.8	4.9	4.2
At closing establishments	3,985	3,084	4,503	3,296	4,860	1.1	0.8	1.2	0.9	1.3
Net employment change (2)	1,113	1,988	-4,323	-2,650	-2,942	0.2	0.5	-1.2	-0.8	-0.8
Education and health services
Gross job gains	26,386	22,652	21,449	25,598	22,447	4.7	4.1	3.8	4.5	3.9
At expanding establishments	21,115	19,421	18,453	21,163	20,075	3.8	3.5	3.3	3.7	3.5
At opening establishments	5,271	3,231	2,996	4,435	2,372	0.9	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.4
Gross job losses	18,015	17,724	18,598	16,752	17,888	3.2	3.1	3.3	2.9	3.1
At contracting establishments	14,760	15,313	14,829	13,273	14,828	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.3	2.6
At closing establishments	3,255	2,411	3,769	3,479	3,060	0.6	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.5
Net employment change (2)	8,371	4,928	2,851	8,846	4,559	1.5	1.0	0.5	1.6	0.8
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	30,843	27,052	22,398	25,078	24,049	11.4	9.8	8.2	9.2	8.8
At expanding establishments	23,450	21,251	17,562	20,010	19,628	8.7	7.7	6.4	7.3	7.2
At opening establishments	7,393	5,801	4,836	5,068	4,421	2.7	2.1	1.8	1.9	1.6
Gross job losses	22,766	22,815	29,688	22,443	29,715	8.5	8.3	10.9	8.2	10.9
At contracting establishments	18,829	20,328	24,342	18,241	23,670	7.0	7.4	8.9	6.7	8.7
At closing establishments	3,937	2,487	5,346	4,202	6,045	1.5	0.9	2.0	1.5	2.2
Net employment change (2)	8,077	4,237	-7,290	2,635	-5,666	2.9	1.5	-2.7	1.0	-2.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	7,263	7,422	5,830	6,223	6,476	8.5	8.5	6.7	7.2	7.5
At expanding establishments	5,328	5,738	4,496	4,991	5,431	6.2	6.6	5.2	5.8	6.3
At opening establishments	1,935	1,684	1,334	1,232	1,045	2.3	1.9	1.5	1.4	1.2
Gross job losses	6,074	5,491	7,379	5,811	6,243	7.1	6.3	8.4	6.7	7.2
At contracting establishments	4,666	4,393	5,790	4,700	4,744	5.5	5.0	6.6	5.4	5.5
At closing establishments	1,408	1,098	1,589	1,111	1,499	1.6	1.3	1.8	1.3	1.7
Net employment change (2)	1,189	1,931	-1,549	412	233	1.4	2.2	-1.7	0.5	0.3
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2024	June 2024	Sept. 2024	Dec. 2024	Mar. 2025	Mar. 2024	June 2024	Sept. 2024	Dec. 2024	Mar. 2025
United States(1)	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.9	5.6	5.5	5.9	5.8	5.7	5.4
Alabama	5.9	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.6	5.6	5.9	5.3	5.6
Alaska	10.7	10.2	8.0	10.3	10.0	8.5	9.6	9.6	9.5	8.1
Arizona	8.2	5.6	6.4	6.1	5.8	6.5	6.5	5.7	5.9	5.3
Arkansas	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.1	5.2	5.7	5.2	4.8	5.1
California	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.7	6.0	5.7	6.9	6.2	6.4	6.2
Colorado	6.4	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.2	7.4	5.8	6.4	6.5	6.8
Connecticut	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.2	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.3
Delaware	6.2	5.8	6.8	6.1	5.9	5.0	6.5	6.4	6.3	5.3
District of Columbia	5.1	5.1	4.9	5.0	4.8	5.0	5.4	5.0	5.5	5.8
Florida	5.8	6.1	6.5	6.0	5.8	5.5	5.8	5.7	6.2	5.5
Georgia	6.1	5.9	5.8	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.7
Hawaii	5.6	5.2	5.7	5.3	4.9	5.1	5.6	5.0	5.0	5.0
Idaho	7.9	7.5	7.1	8.2	7.3	8.1	7.2	7.5	6.8	7.3
Illinois	5.2	5.1	4.9	5.1	5.0	4.8	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.0
Indiana	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.5	5.4	5.1	5.5	5.3	5.1	5.2
Iowa	6.2	5.6	5.3	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.6	5.5
Kansas	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.9	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.6	5.2	5.4
Kentucky	5.9	5.3	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.8	5.4	5.5	4.8
Louisiana	6.3	5.8	6.1	6.2	5.6	5.6	6.2	5.8	5.5	5.6
Maine	7.4	7.2	6.2	7.0	7.4	6.3	7.1	7.1	7.1	6.3
Maryland	6.1	7.1	5.9	6.0	5.9	5.5	5.9	6.1	5.9	5.7
Massachusetts	5.3	5.7	5.0	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.6	5.8	5.5	5.1
Michigan	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.2	5.4	5.8	5.9	5.3
Minnesota	6.1	5.7	5.1	5.5	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.8	5.1	5.5
Mississippi	6.0	5.7	6.3	6.3	5.7	5.8	6.3	5.7	6.2	6.1
Missouri	5.9	5.6	5.6	5.7	5.4	5.4	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.2
Montana	8.1	7.9	7.2	8.4	8.0	7.6	7.6	8.0	7.8	7.5
Nebraska	5.9	5.5	5.6	5.6	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.3
Nevada	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.1	5.4	6.1	5.8	5.9	5.6	5.9
New Hampshire	6.4	6.1	5.6	6.3	6.5	5.8	6.0	6.7	5.9	6.1
New Jersey	5.5	5.9	5.4	6.0	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.4
New Mexico	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.1	6.5	6.2	5.9	5.8
New York	6.0	5.8	5.7	5.7	6.6	5.0	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.0
North Carolina	5.5	5.6	5.5	6.1	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.8	5.5	5.5
North Dakota	6.9	6.6	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.0	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.5
Ohio	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.4	5.2	4.8	5.3	5.4	5.1	4.9
Oklahoma	5.8	5.7	6.1	6.0	5.5	5.3	6.4	5.5	5.5	5.3
Oregon	6.6	6.0	6.3	6.2	5.8	5.9	6.3	6.6	6.6	6.2
Pennsylvania	5.1	4.9	5.1	5.2	5.0	4.6	5.2	5.0	4.8	4.7
Rhode Island	6.8	6.6	6.2	7.3	6.6	5.7	6.7	6.4	6.3	5.9
South Carolina	6.5	6.1	6.2	6.4	6.1	6.3	6.0	5.9	5.9	5.5
South Dakota	6.4	6.0	5.9	6.7	6.2	5.8	6.2	5.9	5.9	6.5
Tennessee	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.0	5.6	5.7	6.2	5.1
Texas	5.5	5.4	5.7	5.8	5.1	5.1	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1
Utah	6.9	6.5	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.3	6.9	6.2	6.3	6.0
Vermont	7.5	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.9	6.3	7.4	7.1	6.7	6.8
Virginia	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.8	5.6	5.3	5.7	5.7	5.5	5.1
Washington	5.7	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.7	6.2	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.5
West Virginia	7.1	7.0	5.9	6.5	6.4	6.1	6.7	6.6	6.1	5.7
Wisconsin	5.7	5.3	5.1	5.3	5.0	4.9	5.6	5.5	5.2	4.9
Wyoming	8.4	8.2	8.9	8.9	8.1	8.4	8.8	8.5	8.3	8.7
Puerto Rico	5.3	5.5	5.4	4.3	6.3	4.7	4.9	5.0	5.4	5.4
Virgin Islands	6.4	4.9	4.7	5.2	5.4	5.3	5.7	7.5	10.8	7.6
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands. The sum of the states will not necessarily add to the U.S. total because of the independent seasonal adjustment of each state.