From March 2022 to June 2022, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Michigan were 241,965, while gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 223,946, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 18,019 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 42,331. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.0 percent of private-sector employment in Michigan; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Michigan, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 179,352 in the second quarter of 2022, a decrease of 16,518 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 44,594 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 7,086 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 6.5 percent of private-sector employment in Michigan; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Michigan, contracting establishments lost 187,536 jobs in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 41,978 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 54,429 jobs, an increase of 8,940 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 3 of 10 industry sectors in Michigan in the second quarter of 2022. Professional and business services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 2,487 jobs. This was the result of 46,711 gross job gains and 44,224 gross job losses. The leisure and hospitality industry had a net gain of 2,426 jobs, and the other services industry gained 2,164 jobs. Transportation and warehousing showed a net loss of 7,739 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. Michigan’s retail trade industry sector had a net loss of 7,363 jobs. Net employment in construction was unchanged.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 26, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Michigan, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	223,226	234,395	272,209	233,378	223,946	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0
At expanding establishments	180,789	195,888	228,743	195,870	179,352	5.1	5.4	6.3	5.3	4.8
At opening establishments	42,437	38,507	43,466	37,508	44,594	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.2
Gross job losses	201,538	213,992	189,714	191,047	241,965	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5
At contracting establishments	175,200	177,569	151,101	145,558	187,536	4.9	4.9	4.1	3.9	5.0
At closing establishments	26,338	36,423	38,613	45,489	54,429	0.7	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.5
Net employment change (2)	21,688	20,403	82,495	42,331	-18,019	0.7	0.6	2.3	1.2	-0.5
Construction
Gross job gains	18,388	15,502	17,315	19,636	18,004	10.4	8.9	9.8	10.7	9.8
At expanding establishments	14,465	12,204	13,907	16,014	14,218	8.2	7.0	7.9	8.7	7.7
At opening establishments	3,923	3,298	3,408	3,622	3,786	2.2	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.1
Gross job losses	15,018	15,989	16,015	15,618	18,004	8.5	9.2	9.1	8.5	9.8
At contracting establishments	12,569	13,443	12,723	12,046	14,185	7.1	7.7	7.2	6.6	7.7
At closing establishments	2,449	2,546	3,292	3,572	3,819	1.4	1.5	1.9	1.9	2.1
Net employment change (2)	3,370	-487	1,300	4,018	0	1.9	-0.3	0.7	2.2	0.0
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	19,095	25,943	26,128	21,843	20,787	3.2	4.4	4.4	3.7	3.4
At expanding establishments	17,691	24,266	24,093	20,211	18,361	3.0	4.1	4.1	3.4	3.0
At opening establishments	1,404	1,677	2,035	1,632	2,426	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
Gross job losses	24,935	21,064	17,629	15,196	23,273	4.2	3.6	3.0	2.5	3.8
At contracting establishments	23,585	18,773	15,465	12,730	19,999	4.0	3.2	2.6	2.1	3.3
At closing establishments	1,350	2,291	2,164	2,466	3,274	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5
Net employment change (2)	-5,840	4,879	8,499	6,647	-2,486	-1.0	0.8	1.4	1.2	-0.4
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	6,576	7,075	9,005	8,086	7,223	4.0	4.3	5.5	4.8	4.3
At expanding establishments	5,701	6,239	7,567	6,932	6,209	3.5	3.8	4.6	4.1	3.7
At opening establishments	875	836	1,438	1,154	1,014	0.5	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	5,972	7,505	5,727	6,105	8,009	3.6	4.6	3.5	3.6	4.7
At contracting establishments	5,079	6,087	4,424	4,701	5,465	3.1	3.7	2.7	2.8	3.2
At closing establishments	893	1,418	1,303	1,404	2,544	0.5	0.9	0.8	0.8	1.5
Net employment change (2)	604	-430	3,278	1,981	-786	0.4	-0.3	2.0	1.2	-0.4
Retail trade
Gross job gains	27,220	26,707	28,399	32,757	24,242	6.0	5.9	6.4	7.2	5.3
At expanding establishments	23,057	23,447	24,484	29,440	20,654	5.1	5.2	5.5	6.5	4.5
At opening establishments	4,163	3,260	3,915	3,317	3,588	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.8
Gross job losses	29,791	30,356	24,543	20,142	31,605	6.6	6.8	5.5	4.4	6.9
At contracting establishments	27,215	26,519	21,011	16,797	27,007	6.0	5.9	4.7	3.7	5.9
At closing establishments	2,576	3,837	3,532	3,345	4,598	0.6	0.9	0.8	0.7	1.0
Net employment change (2)	-2,571	-3,649	3,856	12,615	-7,363	-0.6	-0.9	0.9	2.8	-1.6
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	8,271	9,538	19,018	7,763	6,964	5.9	6.8	12.7	4.9	4.6
At expanding establishments	7,063	8,173	17,488	6,951	5,609	5.0	5.8	11.7	4.4	3.7
At opening establishments	1,208	1,365	1,530	812	1,355	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.5	0.9
Gross job losses	8,395	7,493	5,155	9,033	14,703	6.0	5.3	3.4	5.8	9.6
At contracting establishments	7,611	6,640	4,266	7,666	12,261	5.4	4.7	2.8	4.9	8.0
At closing establishments	784	853	889	1,367	2,442	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.6
Net employment change (2)	-124	2,045	13,863	-1,270	-7,739	-0.1	1.5	9.3	-0.9	-5.0
Information
Gross job gains	3,707	4,638	4,367	4,579	4,044	7.3	8.9	8.2	8.6	7.4
At expanding establishments	2,729	3,173	2,913	3,422	3,129	5.4	6.1	5.5	6.4	5.7
At opening establishments	978	1,465	1,454	1,157	915	1.9	2.8	2.7	2.2	1.7
Gross job losses	2,762	3,156	3,103	2,937	4,153	5.4	6.1	5.8	5.4	7.6
At contracting establishments	2,049	2,133	2,086	1,958	2,959	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.6	5.4
At closing establishments	713	1,023	1,017	979	1,194	1.4	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.2
Net employment change (2)	945	1,482	1,264	1,642	-109	1.9	2.8	2.4	3.2	-0.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains	9,294	11,419	10,131	9,925	9,517	4.3	5.3	4.7	4.6	4.4
At expanding establishments	7,081	8,626	8,058	7,973	7,387	3.3	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.4
At opening establishments	2,213	2,793	2,073	1,952	2,130	1.0	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.0
Gross job losses	8,344	9,928	9,481	10,021	14,393	3.9	4.6	4.3	4.6	6.7
At contracting establishments	6,931	7,553	7,450	6,810	10,197	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.1	4.7
At closing establishments	1,413	2,375	2,031	3,211	4,196	0.7	1.1	0.9	1.5	2.0
Net employment change (2)	950	1,491	650	-96	-4,876	0.4	0.7	0.4	0.0	-2.3
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	43,609	47,151	58,540	40,988	46,711	7.0	7.5	9.1	6.2	7.1
At expanding establishments	35,345	38,800	49,671	33,664	36,973	5.7	6.2	7.7	5.1	5.6
At opening establishments	8,264	8,351	8,869	7,324	9,738	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.5
Gross job losses	35,477	43,125	34,211	39,211	44,224	5.7	6.8	5.4	6.0	6.7
At contracting establishments	30,079	35,937	26,714	30,915	33,203	4.8	5.7	4.2	4.7	5.0
At closing establishments	5,398	7,188	7,497	8,296	11,021	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.7
Net employment change (2)	8,132	4,026	24,329	1,777	2,487	1.3	0.7	3.7	0.2	0.4
Education and health services
Gross job gains	22,879	24,154	29,229	25,334	24,604	3.7	3.8	4.6	4.0	3.9
At expanding establishments	18,720	19,842	22,331	20,388	20,074	3.0	3.1	3.5	3.2	3.2
At opening establishments	4,159	4,312	6,898	4,946	4,530	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.8	0.7
Gross job losses	25,523	26,494	26,140	27,600	27,182	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.3
At contracting establishments	21,205	21,465	19,839	17,029	19,071	3.3	3.4	3.1	2.7	3.0
At closing establishments	4,318	5,029	6,301	10,571	8,111	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.7	1.3
Net employment change (2)	-2,644	-2,340	3,089	-2,266	-2,578	-0.3	-0.4	0.5	-0.4	-0.4
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	45,718	45,840	46,464	42,920	41,704	13.1	12.5	12.3	11.0	10.4
At expanding establishments	34,819	37,738	38,292	35,736	31,563	10.0	10.3	10.1	9.2	7.9
At opening establishments	10,899	8,102	8,172	7,184	10,141	3.1	2.2	2.2	1.8	2.5
Gross job losses	30,185	32,761	33,117	28,274	39,278	8.6	8.9	8.8	7.3	9.8
At contracting establishments	26,183	26,471	26,070	21,800	29,920	7.5	7.2	6.9	5.6	7.5
At closing establishments	4,002	6,290	7,047	6,474	9,358	1.1	1.7	1.9	1.7	2.3
Net employment change (2)	15,533	13,079	13,347	14,646	2,426	4.5	3.6	3.5	3.7	0.6
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	9,864	9,429	10,237	10,078	10,596	8.6	8.1	8.6	8.3	8.6
At expanding establishments	7,431	7,430	8,262	7,619	8,271	6.5	6.4	6.9	6.3	6.7
At opening establishments	2,433	1,999	1,975	2,459	2,325	2.1	1.7	1.7	2.0	1.9
Gross job losses	6,765	7,376	8,364	7,763	8,432	5.9	6.3	7.0	6.4	6.9
At contracting establishments	5,274	5,608	6,071	5,705	6,109	4.6	4.8	5.1	4.7	5.0
At closing establishments	1,491	1,768	2,293	2,058	2,323	1.3	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.9
Net employment change (2)	3,099	2,053	1,873	2,315	2,164	2.7	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.7
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
United States(1)	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4	6.7
Alabama	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0
Alaska	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	10.1	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.6
Arizona	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.7	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.3
Arkansas	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4	6.0
California	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.2
Colorado	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	7.3	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3	6.7
Connecticut	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.3	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3	6.5
Delaware	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.5	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6	8.2
District of Columbia	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	6.0	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9	6.8
Florida	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.9
Georgia	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.6	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7	6.7
Hawaii	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9
Idaho	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.1	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2	9.1
Illinois	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.9	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0	5.9
Indiana	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8
Iowa	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3	6.7
Kansas	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4	7.5
Kentucky	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7
Louisiana	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	6.6	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1	7.3
Maine	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1	8.1
Maryland	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1
Massachusetts	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.4
Michigan	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5
Minnesota	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	6.6	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4	7.1
Mississippi	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0	7.0
Missouri	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.9
Montana	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5	9.4
Nebraska	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.6
Nevada	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	6.9	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2	6.7
New Hampshire	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4	7.9
New Jersey	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	6.5	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5	6.3
New Mexico	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1
New York	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	7.1	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	6.6
North Carolina	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	6.3	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3	6.2
North Dakota	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.8	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7
Ohio	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3
Oklahoma	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2
Oregon	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1
Pennsylvania	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.5	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.6
Rhode Island	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7	7.3
South Carolina	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.4	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2	6.9
South Dakota	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.8
Tennessee	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.3	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7	6.4
Texas	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.5	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4	6.1
Utah	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.0	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.8
Vermont	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3	8.4
Virginia	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8	7.0
Washington	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1
West Virginia	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9	7.9
Wisconsin	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	5.9	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8	6.8
Wyoming	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.4	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3	9.1
Puerto Rico	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	6.5	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9	6.1
Virgin Islands	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	8.8	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3	12.6
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.