From March 2020 to June 2020, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in New York were 292,303, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 1,980,764, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Chief Regional Economist Martin Kohli noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 1,688,461 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2020. During the previous quarter, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 72,328. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2020, gross job gains represented 3.9 percent of private-sector employment in New York; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 4.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In New York, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 210,097 in the second quarter of 2020, a decrease of 154,168 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 82,206 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of 3,734 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2020, gross job losses represented 26.9 percent of private-sector employment in New York; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 17.0 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In New York, contracting establishments lost 1,627,321 jobs in the second quarter of 2020, an increase of 1,233,123 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 353,443 jobs, an increase of 232,576 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in all 11 industry sectors in New York in the second quarter of 2020. Leisure and hospitality had the greatest over-the-quarter net job decrease, with a loss of 569,140 jobs. This was the result of 33,260 gross job gains and 602,400 gross job losses. The education and health services sector had a net decrease of 245,394 jobs, while retail trade had a net decrease of 237,996 jobs, the second and third largest sector losses in the state respectively. Financial activities had the lowest over-the-quarter net job decrease of any sector, with a loss of 38,853 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2020 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 28, 2021.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, New York, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2019	Sept 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020	June 2019	Sept 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	489,954	469,675	480,529	442,737	292,303	6.1	5.8	6.0	5.5	3.9
At expanding establishments	402,392	379,429	387,040	364,265	210,097	5.0	4.7	4.8	4.5	2.8
At opening establishments	87,562	90,246	93,489	78,472	82,206	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.1
Gross job losses	476,870	482,643	465,753	515,065	1,980,764	5.9	5.9	5.7	6.4	26.9
At contracting establishments	382,967	390,682	368,873	394,198	1,627,321	4.7	4.8	4.5	4.9	22.1
At closing establishments	93,903	91,961	96,880	120,867	353,443	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.5	4.8
Net employment change (2)	13,084	-12,968	14,776	-72,328	-1,688,461	0.2	-0.1	0.3	-0.9	-23.0
Construction
Gross job gains	40,548	38,744	39,076	45,365	28,636	9.8	9.7	9.8	11.2	7.5
At expanding establishments	32,269	30,000	30,183	37,331	21,470	7.8	7.5	7.6	9.2	5.6
At opening establishments	8,279	8,744	8,893	8,034	7,166	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.0	1.9
Gross job losses	47,407	42,529	42,700	37,483	104,935	11.5	10.6	10.7	9.2	27.5
At contracting establishments	37,550	32,932	32,998	27,714	83,137	9.1	8.2	8.3	6.8	21.8
At closing establishments	9,857	9,597	9,702	9,769	21,798	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	5.7
Net employment change (2)	-6,859	-3,785	-3,624	7,882	-76,299	-1.7	-0.9	-0.9	2.0	-20.0
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	16,200	14,364	14,385	13,916	9,631	3.7	3.3	3.3	3.2	2.4
At expanding establishments	14,478	13,177	12,646	12,014	7,716	3.3	3.0	2.9	2.8	1.9
At opening establishments	1,722	1,187	1,739	1,902	1,915	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5
Gross job losses	17,009	18,445	16,322	17,381	57,041	3.9	4.2	3.7	4.0	13.9
At contracting establishments	14,898	16,585	13,997	14,223	49,291	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.3	12.0
At closing establishments	2,111	1,860	2,325	3,158	7,750	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.7	1.9
Net employment change (2)	-809	-4,081	-1,937	-3,465	-47,410	-0.2	-0.9	-0.4	-0.8	-11.5
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	14,962	13,498	13,558	13,412	10,126	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.1	3.4
At expanding establishments	12,299	11,135	11,040	10,997	6,860	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.4	2.3
At opening establishments	2,663	2,363	2,518	2,415	3,266	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.7	1.1
Gross job losses	16,416	16,102	15,026	16,162	55,263	5.0	4.9	4.7	5.1	18.2
At contracting establishments	12,358	12,384	11,511	11,454	46,070	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	15.2
At closing establishments	4,058	3,718	3,515	4,708	9,193	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.5	3.0
Net employment change (2)	-1,454	-2,604	-1,468	-2,750	-45,137	-0.5	-0.8	-0.5	-1.0	-14.8
Retail trade
Gross job gains	55,371	50,965	53,356	56,479	41,367	6.0	5.5	5.9	6.3	5.1
At expanding establishments	46,809	43,571	45,982	49,685	35,051	5.1	4.7	5.1	5.5	4.3
At opening establishments	8,562	7,394	7,374	6,794	6,316	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	60,409	63,030	59,566	57,382	279,363	6.5	6.9	6.6	6.4	34.0
At contracting establishments	50,334	52,182	49,530	46,958	240,700	5.4	5.7	5.5	5.2	29.3
At closing establishments	10,075	10,848	10,036	10,424	38,663	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.2	4.7
Net employment change (2)	-5,038	-12,065	-6,210	-903	-237,996	-0.5	-1.4	-0.7	-0.1	-28.9
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	14,718	13,608	25,160	14,204	13,155	5.5	5.1	9.0	5.0	5.5
At expanding establishments	13,107	12,061	22,553	13,263	11,275	4.9	4.5	8.1	4.7	4.7
At opening establishments	1,611	1,547	2,607	941	1,880	0.6	0.6	0.9	0.3	0.8
Gross job losses	13,372	11,518	12,139	22,884	108,028	5.0	4.3	4.4	8.1	44.7
At contracting establishments	10,911	9,905	9,899	17,471	97,296	4.1	3.7	3.6	6.2	40.3
At closing establishments	2,461	1,613	2,240	5,413	10,732	0.9	0.6	0.8	1.9	4.4
Net employment change (2)	1,346	2,090	13,021	-8,680	-94,873	0.5	0.8	4.6	-3.1	-39.2
Information
Gross job gains	15,378	14,802	13,824	13,624	9,200	5.5	5.3	5.0	4.8	3.4
At expanding establishments	12,884	11,144	11,316	11,310	6,523	4.6	4.0	4.1	4.0	2.4
At opening establishments	2,494	3,658	2,508	2,314	2,677	0.9	1.3	0.9	0.8	1.0
Gross job losses	14,386	14,175	16,683	13,183	56,611	5.1	5.0	6.0	4.6	20.7
At contracting establishments	11,780	11,271	13,742	10,492	50,002	4.2	4.0	4.9	3.7	18.3
At closing establishments	2,606	2,904	2,941	2,691	6,609	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	2.4
Net employment change (2)	992	627	-2,859	441	-47,411	0.4	0.3	-1.0	0.2	-17.3
Financial activities
Gross job gains	32,730	28,733	29,941	27,142	18,539	4.5	4.0	4.2	3.8	2.6
At expanding establishments	27,492	23,647	23,772	22,449	13,321	3.8	3.3	3.3	3.1	1.9
At opening establishments	5,238	5,086	6,169	4,693	5,218	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	29,124	31,485	30,111	28,953	57,392	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.0	8.2
At contracting establishments	23,683	25,310	23,027	22,876	47,022	3.3	3.5	3.2	3.2	6.7
At closing establishments	5,441	6,175	7,084	6,077	10,370	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.5
Net employment change (2)	3,606	-2,752	-170	-1,811	-38,853	0.4	-0.4	0.0	-0.2	-5.6
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	89,328	79,418	85,072	73,043	62,963	6.5	5.8	6.2	5.3	5.0
At expanding establishments	72,920	64,609	68,546	59,396	45,085	5.3	4.7	5.0	4.3	3.6
At opening establishments	16,408	14,809	16,526	13,647	17,878	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.4
Gross job losses	73,160	81,973	81,276	82,197	243,931	5.3	5.9	5.9	6.0	19.3
At contracting establishments	56,458	65,293	61,432	63,097	211,366	4.1	4.7	4.5	4.6	16.7
At closing establishments	16,702	16,680	19,844	19,100	32,565	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.4	2.6
Net employment change (2)	16,168	-2,555	3,796	-9,154	-180,968	1.2	-0.1	0.3	-0.7	-14.3
Education and health services
Gross job gains	81,084	87,984	79,529	76,566	39,961	4.1	4.5	4.0	3.9	2.1
At expanding establishments	73,873	78,696	71,195	69,450	30,239	3.7	4.0	3.6	3.5	1.6
At opening establishments	7,211	9,288	8,334	7,116	9,722	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
Gross job losses	78,090	72,210	71,908	76,146	285,355	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.8	15.1
At contracting establishments	67,791	62,230	60,924	65,437	251,751	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.3	13.3
At closing establishments	10,299	9,980	10,984	10,709	33,604	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	1.8
Net employment change (2)	2,994	15,774	7,621	420	-245,394	0.2	0.9	0.5	0.1	-13.0
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	92,018	89,752	86,164	69,734	33,260	9.5	9.4	9.0	7.4	4.8
At expanding establishments	71,336	66,789	67,068	55,358	19,376	7.4	7.0	7.0	5.9	2.8
At opening establishments	20,682	22,963	19,096	14,376	13,884	2.1	2.4	2.0	1.5	2.0
Gross job losses	95,372	96,937	86,605	119,978	602,400	9.9	10.1	9.1	12.8	87.0
At contracting establishments	74,180	78,494	68,633	88,466	469,315	7.7	8.2	7.2	9.4	67.8
At closing establishments	21,192	18,443	17,972	31,512	133,085	2.2	1.9	1.9	3.4	19.2
Net employment change (2)	-3,354	-7,185	-441	-50,244	-569,140	-0.4	-0.7	-0.1	-5.4	-82.2
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	24,097	24,819	22,215	20,896	12,451	6.9	7.2	6.5	6.2	4.3
At expanding establishments	19,466	19,264	17,094	16,948	8,382	5.6	5.6	5.0	5.0	2.9
At opening establishments	4,631	5,555	5,121	3,948	4,069	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.4
Gross job losses	23,316	24,107	22,834	30,832	113,257	6.7	7.0	6.6	9.1	39.1
At contracting establishments	18,070	18,633	17,849	20,998	73,514	5.2	5.4	5.2	6.2	25.4
At closing establishments	5,246	5,474	4,985	9,834	39,743	1.5	1.6	1.4	2.9	13.7
Net employment change (2)	781	712	-619	-9,936	-100,806	0.2	0.2	-0.1	-2.9	-34.8
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2019	Sept. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020	June 2019	Sept. 2019	Dec. 2019	Mar. 2020	June 2020
United States(1)	6.1	5.9	6.2	5.5	4.8	5.9	5.8	5.5	6.1	17.0
Alabama	5.9	5.8	6.2	5.5	4.8	5.9	5.9	5.5	5.9	12.6
Alaska	10.7	9.6	10.3	9.2	6.9	10.1	10.1	10.2	9.5	24.5
Arizona	5.7	6.3	6.4	5.6	5.7	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.9	11.7
Arkansas	5.0	5.6	6.5	5.1	4.8	5.7	5.8	4.9	5.5	12.0
California	6.6	6.3	6.8	6.1	5.2	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.7	18.6
Colorado	7.0	6.6	6.7	6.3	5.8	6.2	6.4	6.2	7.0	14.9
Connecticut	5.8	5.5	5.5	5.2	4.3	5.8	5.8	5.6	5.9	19.7
Delaware	6.0	6.2	6.7	6.2	4.9	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.6	17.7
District of Columbia	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.2	3.3	5.5	5.3	4.7	5.3	22.4
Florida	6.5	6.6	6.6	5.4	6.1	6.3	5.8	5.9	6.2	13.9
Georgia	6.1	6.2	6.5	5.6	5.4	6.5	6.0	5.5	5.9	15.0
Hawaii	4.8	5.6	5.7	5.2	3.6	5.8	5.2	5.2	5.8	29.8
Idaho	7.1	7.0	7.7	7.6	6.4	6.7	6.8	6.3	6.1	11.2
Illinois	5.6	5.0	5.6	5.0	4.6	5.3	5.6	5.2	6.0	18.4
Indiana	5.1	5.4	6.0	4.9	4.7	5.9	5.6	5.1	6.0	13.7
Iowa	5.8	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.4	5.8	5.7	5.5	5.9	13.0
Kansas	5.7	5.6	6.3	5.4	5.0	5.8	5.7	5.7	6.0	13.3
Kentucky	5.8	5.9	6.2	5.3	4.6	6.0	5.7	5.6	6.1	15.3
Louisiana	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.3	4.5	6.5	6.1	5.7	6.3	16.9
Maine	7.4	6.5	7.3	6.4	5.4	7.4	7.3	6.9	7.0	21.7
Maryland	6.4	6.2	6.4	5.7	4.7	6.5	6.3	5.9	6.7	21.9
Massachusetts	6.0	5.3	5.8	5.2	3.7	5.6	5.9	5.6	6.0	24.2
Michigan	5.5	5.1	5.8	5.0	4.0	5.7	5.9	5.3	5.7	20.7
Minnesota	5.8	5.4	5.8	5.0	4.3	5.5	5.8	5.6	5.6	17.6
Mississippi	5.8	5.7	6.2	5.6	5.1	6.1	5.7	5.6	6.2	12.9
Missouri	5.7	5.8	6.2	5.2	4.7	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.7	14.3
Montana	8.1	7.4	8.6	7.7	6.8	7.7	7.7	7.2	7.7	13.8
Nebraska	5.7	5.7	6.2	5.8	4.9	5.7	5.5	5.8	6.1	12.1
Nevada	6.0	6.1	6.8	5.4	5.3	6.2	5.5	5.0	6.3	29.2
New Hampshire	6.4	5.8	6.6	6.0	4.5	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.4	18.8
New Jersey	6.2	6.0	6.5	5.7	4.6	5.9	6.2	5.8	6.3	28.1
New Mexico	6.3	6.8	7.0	6.1	4.5	6.5	6.1	6.3	6.5	17.6
New York	6.1	5.8	6.0	5.5	3.9	5.9	5.9	5.7	6.4	26.9
North Carolina	6.0	5.8	6.3	5.8	4.8	5.9	6.0	5.4	5.7	14.5
North Dakota	6.7	6.5	6.7	6.8	5.2	6.7	7.1	6.6	7.0	17.2
Ohio	5.7	5.3	5.7	5.1	4.5	5.7	5.9	5.3	5.6	14.4
Oklahoma	6.0	6.4	6.5	5.4	5.6	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.7	12.3
Oregon	6.3	6.2	6.7	6.2	5.0	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.5	18.4
Pennsylvania	5.3	5.2	5.4	4.9	3.6	5.4	5.1	4.9	5.6	18.2
Rhode Island	6.3	6.0	6.5	6.1	4.5	6.5	6.2	5.9	6.5	25.2
South Carolina	6.4	6.0	6.5	5.5	5.1	6.2	5.9	5.9	6.6	14.9
South Dakota	6.2	5.9	6.4	6.0	5.1	5.9	6.0	5.8	6.6	11.6
Tennessee	5.5	5.5	5.7	4.9	4.4	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.3	13.7
Texas	5.8	5.9	6.0	5.0	4.7	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.5	13.6
Utah	7.0	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.5	6.6	6.3	6.3	6.4	10.9
Vermont	7.1	6.3	6.9	5.8	4.6	7.1	7.6	6.4	7.6	18.5
Virginia	6.1	5.5	6.5	5.6	4.7	5.8	6.3	5.5	6.1	18.2
Washington	6.6	6.1	6.6	7.4	4.9	5.8	6.1	5.8	7.4	16.9
West Virginia	6.2	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.1	6.6	6.7	7.1	6.8	13.8
Wisconsin	5.5	4.8	5.4	5.0	4.4	5.3	5.9	5.0	5.3	14.4
Wyoming	8.5	8.6	9.4	8.6	6.4	9.5	8.9	8.7	9.3	18.1
Puerto Rico	6.4	5.9	5.4	5.0	4.0	5.8	5.5	4.9	5.2	16.9
Virgin Islands	8.9	12.0	10.3	7.2	5.3	6.9	6.4	7.3	8.3	19.8
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.