From December 2021 to March 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Texas were 700,110, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 593,644, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Michael Hirniak noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 106,466 jobs in the private sector during the first quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 320,321. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the first quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.3 percent of private-sector employment in Texas; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.6 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Texas, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 574,803 in the first quarter of 2022, a decrease of 101,774 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 125,307 jobs gained in the first quarter of 2022, a decrease of 35,607 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the first quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 5.4 percent of private-sector employment both in Texas and nationally. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Texas, contracting establishments lost 461,538 jobs in the first quarter of 2022 an increase of 51,928 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 132,106 jobs, an increase of 24,546 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 9 of the 11 industry sectors in Texas in the first quarter of 2022. Professional and business services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 35,379 jobs. This was the result of 157,534 gross job gains and 122,155 gross job losses. The retail trade industry had the second largest net gain of 14,349 jobs. Transportation and warehousing showed a net loss of 1,943 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. The leisure and hospitality industry sector had a net loss of 614 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Second Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, January 25, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Texas, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	627,986	703,892	756,929	837,491	700,110	6.1	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3
At expanding establishments	518,287	581,679	628,347	676,577	574,803	5.0	5.6	5.9	6.2	5.2
At opening establishments	109,699	122,213	128,582	160,914	125,307	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.1
Gross job losses	520,781	583,038	577,850	517,170	593,644	5.1	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4
At contracting establishments	441,427	491,854	462,802	409,610	461,538	4.3	4.7	4.4	3.8	4.2
At closing establishments	79,354	91,184	115,048	107,560	132,106	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.2
Net employment change (2)	107,205	120,854	179,079	320,321	106,466	1.0	1.2	1.6	2.9	0.9
Construction
Gross job gains	57,753	53,799	58,194	67,662	57,982	8.0	7.3	7.9	9.0	7.6
At expanding establishments	48,533	45,560	49,983	56,321	48,759	6.7	6.2	6.8	7.5	6.4
At opening establishments	9,220	8,239	8,211	11,341	9,223	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.5	1.2
Gross job losses	46,754	56,986	50,477	45,593	50,097	6.4	7.8	6.9	6.1	6.6
At contracting establishments	39,267	49,631	41,211	38,146	40,199	5.4	6.8	5.6	5.1	5.3
At closing establishments	7,487	7,355	9,266	7,447	9,898	1.0	1.0	1.3	1.0	1.3
Net employment change (2)	10,999	-3,187	7,717	22,069	7,885	1.6	-0.5	1.0	2.9	1.0
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	30,578	33,728	35,784	45,401	38,155	3.5	3.9	4.1	5.1	4.2
At expanding establishments	26,837	29,400	31,325	41,040	33,546	3.1	3.4	3.6	4.6	3.7
At opening establishments	3,741	4,328	4,459	4,361	4,609	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	26,616	31,098	30,143	23,007	26,416	3.1	3.5	3.4	2.6	2.9
At contracting establishments	23,430	27,263	25,542	19,219	21,271	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.2	2.3
At closing establishments	3,186	3,835	4,601	3,788	5,145	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6
Net employment change (2)	3,962	2,630	5,641	22,394	11,739	0.4	0.4	0.7	2.5	1.3
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	25,446	31,208	33,536	38,408	32,720	4.4	5.3	5.6	6.4	5.3
At expanding establishments	21,234	26,585	27,420	31,277	27,261	3.7	4.5	4.6	5.2	4.4
At opening establishments	4,212	4,623	6,116	7,131	5,459	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.2	0.9
Gross job losses	19,504	21,961	24,809	20,672	23,215	3.4	3.7	4.2	3.4	3.7
At contracting establishments	15,553	17,159	18,490	15,636	16,763	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.6	2.7
At closing establishments	3,951	4,802	6,319	5,036	6,452	0.7	0.8	1.1	0.8	1.0
Net employment change (2)	5,942	9,247	8,727	17,736	9,505	1.0	1.6	1.4	3.0	1.6
Retail trade
Gross job gains	74,510	82,953	86,364	76,151	79,627	5.6	6.2	6.4	5.6	5.8
At expanding establishments	65,974	71,844	76,926	67,041	69,916	5.0	5.4	5.7	4.9	5.1
At opening establishments	8,536	11,109	9,438	9,110	9,711	0.6	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.7
Gross job losses	59,519	70,884	73,949	61,795	65,278	4.5	5.3	5.4	4.5	4.8
At contracting establishments	52,986	64,006	65,424	53,585	54,095	4.0	4.8	4.8	3.9	4.0
At closing establishments	6,533	6,878	8,525	8,210	11,183	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.8
Net employment change (2)	14,991	12,069	12,415	14,356	14,349	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	1.0
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	27,843	27,132	36,684	76,545	30,877	5.1	5.0	6.8	13.2	5.0
At expanding establishments	24,092	22,688	31,381	46,501	26,879	4.4	4.2	5.8	8.0	4.4
At opening establishments	3,751	4,444	5,303	30,044	3,998	0.7	0.8	1.0	5.2	0.6
Gross job losses	41,167	31,866	26,232	19,055	32,820	7.5	5.9	4.8	3.3	5.4
At contracting establishments	38,597	28,932	21,824	14,951	28,787	7.0	5.4	4.0	2.6	4.7
At closing establishments	2,570	2,934	4,408	4,104	4,033	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-13,324	-4,734	10,452	57,490	-1,943	-2.4	-0.9	2.0	9.9	-0.4
Information
Gross job gains	10,844	15,076	16,048	16,691	16,850	5.5	7.4	7.7	7.7	7.6
At expanding establishments	8,558	12,590	13,415	14,468	14,051	4.3	6.2	6.4	6.7	6.3
At opening establishments	2,286	2,486	2,633	2,223	2,799	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.0	1.3
Gross job losses	8,019	9,369	9,657	10,107	11,163	4.0	4.6	4.7	4.7	5.0
At contracting establishments	6,390	7,689	7,428	8,047	8,542	3.2	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8
At closing establishments	1,629	1,680	2,229	2,060	2,621	0.8	0.8	1.1	1.0	1.2
Net employment change (2)	2,825	5,707	6,391	6,584	5,687	1.5	2.8	3.0	3.0	2.6
Financial activities
Gross job gains	39,262	46,825	54,445	54,806	50,777	4.9	5.9	6.8	6.6	6.1
At expanding establishments	30,410	35,909	43,436	42,144	40,246	3.8	4.5	5.4	5.1	4.8
At opening establishments	8,852	10,916	11,009	12,662	10,531	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3
Gross job losses	29,711	40,799	38,692	34,298	43,142	3.7	5.1	4.8	4.1	5.1
At contracting establishments	23,109	30,983	28,503	24,878	32,190	2.9	3.9	3.5	3.0	3.8
At closing establishments	6,602	9,816	10,189	9,420	10,952	0.8	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.3
Net employment change (2)	9,551	6,026	15,753	20,508	7,635	1.2	0.8	2.0	2.5	1.0
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	139,168	155,905	175,084	179,705	157,534	7.7	8.4	9.2	9.2	7.8
At expanding establishments	114,356	126,585	145,131	151,040	130,736	6.3	6.8	7.6	7.7	6.5
At opening establishments	24,812	29,320	29,953	28,665	26,798	1.4	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.3
Gross job losses	104,149	131,685	121,401	117,112	122,155	5.7	7.1	6.4	6.0	6.1
At contracting establishments	85,317	113,137	93,153	87,702	92,379	4.7	6.1	4.9	4.5	4.6
At closing establishments	18,832	18,548	28,248	29,410	29,776	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.5	1.5
Net employment change (2)	35,019	24,220	53,683	62,593	35,379	2.0	1.3	2.8	3.2	1.7
Education and health services
Gross job gains	77,551	83,420	84,082	98,999	76,659	4.6	5.0	5.0	5.8	4.5
At expanding establishments	65,582	69,589	70,100	78,722	63,529	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.6	3.7
At opening establishments	11,969	13,831	13,982	20,277	13,130	0.7	0.8	0.8	1.2	0.8
Gross job losses	72,058	70,022	78,207	68,809	74,159	4.4	4.2	4.6	4.1	4.3
At contracting establishments	60,991	57,987	59,181	54,106	55,348	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.2
At closing establishments	11,067	12,035	19,026	14,703	18,811	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.9	1.1
Net employment change (2)	5,493	13,398	5,875	30,190	2,500	0.2	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.2
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	95,068	128,157	122,725	127,384	102,226	7.7	10.1	9.4	9.4	7.4
At expanding establishments	73,056	106,297	97,607	105,371	81,027	5.9	8.4	7.5	7.8	5.9
At opening establishments	22,012	21,860	25,118	22,013	21,199	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.6	1.5
Gross job losses	77,821	77,528	87,516	77,529	102,840	6.4	6.1	6.7	5.7	7.5
At contracting establishments	67,301	62,318	74,742	64,123	80,450	5.5	4.9	5.7	4.7	5.9
At closing establishments	10,520	15,210	12,774	13,406	22,390	0.9	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.6
Net employment change (2)	17,247	50,629	35,209	49,855	-614	1.3	4.0	2.7	3.7	-0.1
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	25,407	24,014	27,709	28,876	25,221	8.5	8.0	9.0	9.1	7.8
At expanding establishments	19,949	18,993	22,520	22,249	19,916	6.7	6.3	7.3	7.0	6.2
At opening establishments	5,458	5,021	5,189	6,627	5,305	1.8	1.7	1.7	2.1	1.6
Gross job losses	18,625	21,553	18,788	21,008	23,809	6.3	7.1	6.1	6.6	7.4
At contracting establishments	14,847	17,262	13,381	16,007	17,440	5.0	5.7	4.3	5.0	5.4
At closing establishments	3,778	4,291	5,407	5,001	6,369	1.3	1.4	1.8	1.6	2.0
Net employment change (2)	6,782	2,461	8,921	7,868	1,412	2.2	0.9	2.9	2.5	0.4
(1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2021	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022
United States(1)	7.0	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	5.5	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4
Alabama	6.7	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	5.8	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0
Alaska	11.1	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	9.4	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3
Arizona	6.5	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	5.4	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7
Arkansas	6.3	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.1	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4
California	7.8	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	5.9	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6
Colorado	8.6	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	5.5	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3
Connecticut	6.5	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3
Delaware	7.0	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.2	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6
District of Columbia	5.5	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	5.4	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9
Florida	7.0	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	5.8	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7
Georgia	6.8	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	5.7	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7
Hawaii	8.7	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.7	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1
Idaho	8.2	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	5.7	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2
Illinois	7.3	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.1	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0
Indiana	6.2	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.0	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8
Iowa	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.5	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3
Kansas	6.3	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	5.7	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4
Kentucky	7.4	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	5.4	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0
Louisiana	6.8	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1
Maine	8.9	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	6.4	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1
Maryland	6.7	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	5.6	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9
Massachusetts	6.7	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	5.0	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1
Michigan	8.6	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	4.8	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1
Minnesota	9.4	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	4.8	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4
Mississippi	5.7	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0
Missouri	6.4	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	5.2	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4
Montana	8.9	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	6.9	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5
Nebraska	6.6	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	5.8	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9
Nevada	7.5	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	5.7	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2
New Hampshire	7.5	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	5.4	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4
New Jersey	7.2	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	5.9	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5
New Mexico	8.7	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2
New York	7.0	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	5.4	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2
North Carolina	6.9	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	5.4	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3
North Dakota	8.3	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.7	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5
Ohio	6.1	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.0	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8
Oklahoma	6.2	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7
Oregon	8.7	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	5.6	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7
Pennsylvania	6.7	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	4.7	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9
Rhode Island	9.9	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	5.6	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7
South Carolina	6.4	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.0	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2
South Dakota	7.3	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.0	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1
Tennessee	5.8	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	5.2	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7
Texas	6.1	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	5.1	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4
Utah	7.3	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	5.7	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9
Vermont	8.4	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	6.2	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3
Virginia	6.2	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	5.4	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8
Washington	8.0	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0
West Virginia	7.4	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	5.9	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9
Wisconsin	6.0	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	4.7	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8
Wyoming	9.3	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.2	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3
Puerto Rico	6.8	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9
Virgin Islands	7.4	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	10.6	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3
(1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.