A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age	2024								2025
	May	June	July	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	204,917	205,010	205,114	205,222	205,338	205,444	205,521	205,598	207,088	207,147	207,221	207,291	207,377
Civilian labor force	127,423	127,551	127,863	127,924	128,126	127,746	127,710	127,827	128,988	128,548	128,769	129,149	128,538
Participation rate	62.2	62.2	62.3	62.3	62.4	62.2	62.1	62.2	62.3	62.1	62.1	62.3	62.0
Employed	122,956	123,080	123,012	123,045	123,445	122,901	122,856	123,213	124,431	123,726	123,993	124,198	123,605
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.0	60.1	59.8	59.8	59.9	60.1	59.7	59.8	59.9	59.6
Unemployed	4,467	4,470	4,852	4,878	4,681	4,845	4,854	4,614	4,557	4,822	4,776	4,952	4,934
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	77,494	77,459	77,251	77,298	77,212	77,699	77,811	77,770	78,100	78,599	78,452	78,142	78,839
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,849	66,156	66,311	66,292	66,375	66,431	66,289	66,244	66,794	66,365	66,454	66,754	66,593
Participation rate	69.7	70.0	70.1	70.0	70.1	70.1	69.9	69.8	69.9	69.4	69.5	69.8	69.6
Employed	63,641	64,005	64,003	63,925	64,101	64,078	63,965	64,087	64,721	64,049	64,217	64,276	64,200
Employment-population ratio	67.3	67.7	67.6	67.5	67.7	67.6	67.5	67.6	67.7	67.0	67.1	67.2	67.1
Unemployed	2,208	2,151	2,309	2,367	2,274	2,353	2,324	2,156	2,073	2,316	2,237	2,478	2,392
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,440	56,280	56,525	56,753	56,670	56,425	56,462	56,502	57,063	57,060	57,193	57,326	56,923
Participation rate	57.8	57.6	57.8	58.0	57.9	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.8	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.6
Employed	54,747	54,515	54,585	54,850	54,921	54,578	54,545	54,607	55,195	55,117	55,307	55,440	55,047
Employment-population ratio	56.0	55.8	55.8	56.1	56.1	55.7	55.7	55.7	55.9	55.8	56.0	56.1	55.7
Unemployed	1,693	1,765	1,940	1,903	1,749	1,847	1,916	1,895	1,868	1,943	1,887	1,887	1,876
Unemployment rate	3.0	3.1	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,134	5,115	5,027	4,879	5,082	4,890	4,959	5,082	5,131	5,123	5,122	5,069	5,023
Participation rate	40.4	40.2	39.5	38.4	39.9	38.4	39.0	40.0	40.0	39.9	40.0	39.5	39.2
Employed	4,569	4,561	4,424	4,270	4,423	4,245	4,346	4,519	4,516	4,560	4,470	4,482	4,358
Employment-population ratio	36.0	35.9	34.8	33.6	34.8	33.4	34.2	35.5	35.2	35.6	34.9	35.0	34.0
Unemployed	565	554	603	608	658	645	613	563	616	562	653	587	665
Unemployment rate	11.0	10.8	12.0	12.5	13.0	13.2	12.4	11.1	12.0	11.0	12.7	11.6	13.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	34,949	34,982	35,017	35,053	35,092	35,128	35,161	35,194	35,621	35,653	35,687	35,719	35,751
Civilian labor force	21,989	21,947	22,109	21,974	22,052	22,086	21,952	21,971	22,260	22,340	22,196	22,185	22,174
Participation rate	62.9	62.7	63.1	62.7	62.8	62.9	62.4	62.4	62.5	62.7	62.2	62.1	62.0
Employed	20,641	20,565	20,724	20,630	20,790	20,821	20,556	20,640	20,874	21,002	20,826	20,787	20,843
Employment-population ratio	59.1	58.8	59.2	58.9	59.2	59.3	58.5	58.6	58.6	58.9	58.4	58.2	58.3
Unemployed	1,348	1,381	1,385	1,344	1,262	1,266	1,396	1,331	1,386	1,339	1,370	1,399	1,332
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.3	6.3	6.1	5.7	5.7	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.0
Not in labor force	12,960	13,035	12,908	13,079	13,040	13,042	13,208	13,223	13,361	13,313	13,491	13,534	13,577
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,155	10,271	10,367	10,156	10,342	10,330	10,267	10,207	10,451	10,347	10,511	10,504	10,409
Participation rate	68.4	69.1	69.7	68.2	69.3	69.2	68.7	68.2	69.0	68.3	69.3	69.2	68.5
Employed	9,501	9,645	9,681	9,556	9,809	9,745	9,655	9,631	9,728	9,773	9,870	9,917	9,869
Employment-population ratio	64.0	64.9	65.1	64.2	65.8	65.3	64.6	64.4	64.2	64.5	65.1	65.3	64.9
Unemployed	654	626	686	599	533	585	612	576	723	574	641	587	540
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.2	5.7	6.0	5.6	6.9	5.5	6.1	5.6	5.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,997	10,902	11,021	11,073	10,941	10,993	10,953	10,986	11,133	11,174	10,857	10,923	11,016
Participation rate	62.9	62.3	62.9	63.2	62.3	62.6	62.3	62.4	62.5	62.7	60.9	61.2	61.7
Employed	10,420	10,282	10,418	10,462	10,356	10,444	10,301	10,388	10,534	10,566	10,300	10,260	10,332
Employment-population ratio	59.6	58.8	59.5	59.7	59.0	59.5	58.6	59.0	59.2	59.3	57.8	57.5	57.8
Unemployed	577	620	603	611	585	549	651	598	598	607	557	663	684
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.3	5.0	5.9	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.1	6.1	6.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	837	774	722	745	769	764	733	778	677	820	828	759	749
Participation rate	32.0	29.6	27.5	28.4	29.3	29.0	27.8	29.5	25.3	30.6	30.9	28.3	27.9
Employed	720	638	625	612	625	632	600	621	612	662	655	610	641
Employment-population ratio	27.5	24.4	23.8	23.3	23.7	24.0	22.8	23.5	22.9	24.8	24.5	22.8	23.9
Unemployed	117	135	97	133	145	132	133	157	64	157	172	149	108
Unemployment rate	14.0	17.5	13.4	17.9	18.8	17.3	18.1	20.2	9.5	19.2	20.8	19.6	14.4

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	17,993	18,052	17,971	17,973	17,902	18,107	18,213	18,174	19,111	19,097	19,241	19,272	19,291
Civilian labor force	11,760	11,878	11,804	11,740	11,664	11,835	11,759	11,680	12,359	12,512	12,653	12,717	12,708
Participation rate	65.4	65.8	65.7	65.3	65.2	65.4	64.6	64.3	64.7	65.5	65.8	66.0	65.9
Employed	11,393	11,392	11,371	11,257	11,185	11,370	11,318	11,267	11,906	12,113	12,213	12,332	12,247
Employment-population ratio	63.3	63.1	63.3	62.6	62.5	62.8	62.1	62.0	62.3	63.4	63.5	64.0	63.5
Unemployed	367	486	432	483	478	466	441	413	453	399	441	385	461
Unemployment rate	3.1	4.1	3.7	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.6
Not in labor force	6,233	6,174	6,167	6,233	6,238	6,272	6,454	6,494	6,752	6,585	6,588	6,555	6,583

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	48,764	48,864	48,966	49,071	49,180	49,286	49,385	49,483	50,869	50,977	51,083	51,191	51,297
Civilian labor force	32,806	32,988	32,951	33,252	33,129	33,003	33,039	33,415	33,997	34,083	34,330	34,446	34,452
Participation rate	67.3	67.5	67.3	67.8	67.4	67.0	66.9	67.5	66.8	66.9	67.2	67.3	67.2
Employed	31,176	31,360	31,200	31,448	31,441	31,315	31,297	31,702	32,373	32,301	32,578	32,650	32,682
Employment-population ratio	63.9	64.2	63.7	64.1	63.9	63.5	63.4	64.1	63.6	63.4	63.8	63.8	63.7
Unemployed	1,631	1,628	1,751	1,803	1,688	1,688	1,743	1,713	1,623	1,782	1,752	1,795	1,770
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.9	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.1	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.1
Not in labor force	15,958	15,876	16,015	15,819	16,051	16,283	16,345	16,068	16,873	16,895	16,753	16,745	16,845
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,596	17,769	17,702	17,813	17,698	17,756	17,716	17,885	18,249	18,150	18,301	18,410	18,431
Participation rate	79.8	80.5	80.0	80.3	79.6	79.7	79.4	79.9	79.2	78.6	79.1	79.4	79.3
Employed	16,774	17,020	16,921	16,977	16,979	17,049	16,941	17,162	17,518	17,314	17,476	17,488	17,610
Employment-population ratio	76.1	77.1	76.5	76.5	76.4	76.5	75.9	76.7	76.0	75.0	75.5	75.4	75.7
Unemployed	822	749	781	836	719	706	775	723	731	836	825	921	821
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.2	4.4	4.7	4.1	4.0	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6	4.5	5.0	4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,573	13,545	13,709	13,938	13,888	13,759	13,879	13,985	14,204	14,347	14,398	14,512	14,473
Participation rate	61.3	61.1	61.7	62.6	62.2	61.5	61.9	62.2	61.6	62.1	62.1	62.5	62.2
Employed	13,020	12,932	12,967	13,240	13,224	13,046	13,154	13,241	13,564	13,621	13,732	13,846	13,742
Employment-population ratio	58.8	58.3	58.3	59.4	59.2	58.3	58.6	58.9	58.8	58.9	59.3	59.6	59.1
Unemployed	554	614	742	699	665	713	724	744	640	726	666	666	731
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.5	5.4	5.0	4.8	5.2	5.2	5.3	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.6	5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,638	1,674	1,540	1,501	1,543	1,487	1,445	1,545	1,544	1,586	1,631	1,523	1,549
Participation rate	35.7	36.4	33.5	32.6	33.4	32.2	31.2	33.3	32.5	33.3	34.2	31.9	32.4
Employed	1,382	1,409	1,312	1,232	1,238	1,220	1,201	1,298	1,291	1,366	1,370	1,316	1,330
Employment-population ratio	30.2	30.7	28.5	26.7	26.8	26.4	26.0	28.0	27.2	28.7	28.8	27.6	27.9
Unemployed	255	265	228	269	304	268	244	247	252	220	261	208	218
Unemployment rate	15.6	15.8	14.8	17.9	19.7	18.0	16.9	16.0	16.3	13.8	16.0	13.6	14.1

Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Last Modified Date: June 06, 2025