A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age	2024	2025
	Dec.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	205,598	207,088	207,147	207,221	207,291	207,377	207,472	207,569	207,675	207,788	-	207,980	208,058
Civilian labor force	127,888	128,986	128,500	128,694	129,020	128,490	128,474	128,596	128,374	128,560	-	128,477	128,617
Participation rate	62.2	62.3	62.0	62.1	62.2	62.0	61.9	62.0	61.8	61.9	-	61.8	61.8
Employed	123,262	124,409	123,657	123,896	124,094	123,567	123,844	123,821	123,565	123,739	-	123,517	123,778
Employment-population ratio	60.0	60.1	59.7	59.8	59.9	59.6	59.7	59.7	59.5	59.6	-	59.4	59.5
Unemployed	4,626	4,577	4,843	4,798	4,926	4,923	4,630	4,775	4,808	4,821	-	4,960	4,838
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.7	-	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	77,709	78,102	78,647	78,526	78,272	78,887	78,998	78,973	79,301	79,228	-	79,503	79,441
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,265	66,844	66,365	66,444	66,709	66,581	66,645	66,729	66,905	66,725	-	66,683	66,700
Participation rate	69.9	69.9	69.4	69.5	69.7	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8	69.5	-	69.4	69.4
Employed	64,091	64,741	64,028	64,181	64,245	64,193	64,387	64,398	64,468	64,369	-	64,311	64,411
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.7	67.0	67.1	67.1	67.1	67.2	67.2	67.2	67.1	-	67.0	67.0
Unemployed	2,174	2,102	2,337	2,263	2,465	2,388	2,259	2,331	2,438	2,356	-	2,371	2,289
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.5	-	3.6	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,544	57,017	57,028	57,150	57,270	56,905	56,993	57,002	56,725	57,003	-	56,993	57,008
Participation rate	57.7	57.8	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.3	57.5	-	57.5	57.4
Employed	54,644	55,157	55,085	55,265	55,393	55,034	55,230	55,243	54,920	55,082	-	55,051	55,178
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.9	55.8	56.0	56.1	55.7	55.8	55.8	55.5	55.6	-	55.5	55.6
Unemployed	1,900	1,859	1,944	1,885	1,878	1,871	1,763	1,759	1,805	1,921	-	1,943	1,831
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.4	-	3.4	3.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,079	5,125	5,108	5,100	5,040	5,004	4,836	4,864	4,743	4,831	-	4,801	4,909
Participation rate	39.9	40.0	39.8	39.8	39.3	39.1	37.8	38.0	37.1	37.8	-	37.7	38.5
Employed	4,527	4,510	4,545	4,449	4,457	4,339	4,227	4,179	4,177	4,288	-	4,155	4,190
Employment-population ratio	35.6	35.2	35.4	34.7	34.8	33.9	33.0	32.7	32.7	33.6	-	32.6	32.9
Unemployed	552	615	563	651	584	664	609	685	565	543	-	646	719
Unemployment rate	10.9	12.0	11.0	12.8	11.6	13.3	12.6	14.1	11.9	11.2	-	13.5	14.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	35,194	35,621	35,653	35,687	35,719	35,751	35,784	35,818	35,854	35,892	-	35,961	35,995
Civilian labor force	21,979	22,236	22,330	22,205	22,198	22,184	22,181	22,095	22,445	22,598	-	22,948	22,728
Participation rate	62.5	62.4	62.6	62.2	62.1	62.1	62.0	61.7	62.6	63.0	-	63.8	63.1
Employed	20,639	20,858	20,982	20,824	20,779	20,833	20,653	20,495	20,749	20,892	-	21,065	21,024
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.6	58.8	58.4	58.2	58.3	57.7	57.2	57.9	58.2	-	58.6	58.4
Unemployed	1,341	1,378	1,348	1,382	1,419	1,351	1,528	1,601	1,697	1,706	-	1,884	1,704
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.4	6.1	6.9	7.2	7.6	7.6	-	8.2	7.5
Not in labor force	13,215	13,384	13,323	13,481	13,521	13,567	13,604	13,723	13,409	13,294	-	13,013	13,267
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,219	10,443	10,354	10,513	10,505	10,410	10,473	10,353	10,644	10,594	-	10,776	10,669
Participation rate	68.3	69.0	68.3	69.3	69.2	68.5	68.8	68.0	69.8	69.4	-	70.4	69.6
Employed	9,636	9,731	9,777	9,871	9,912	9,865	9,751	9,630	9,893	9,889	-	9,969	9,938
Employment-population ratio	64.4	64.3	64.5	65.1	65.3	64.9	64.1	63.2	64.9	64.8	-	65.1	64.9
Unemployed	583	713	577	642	593	546	722	723	751	705	-	807	731
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.8	5.6	6.1	5.6	5.2	6.9	7.0	7.1	6.7	-	7.5	6.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,978	11,115	11,155	10,863	10,929	11,022	10,898	10,958	11,016	11,106	-	11,238	11,222
Participation rate	62.4	62.4	62.6	60.9	61.2	61.7	60.9	61.2	61.5	61.9	-	62.5	62.4
Employed	10,383	10,516	10,544	10,297	10,257	10,328	10,251	10,252	10,265	10,275	-	10,440	10,403
Employment-population ratio	59.0	59.1	59.2	57.7	57.5	57.8	57.3	57.3	57.3	57.3	-	58.1	57.8
Unemployed	595	599	611	566	671	694	647	706	750	831	-	798	820
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.4	5.5	5.2	6.1	6.3	5.9	6.4	6.8	7.5	-	7.1	7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	782	678	821	829	765	752	809	784	786	898	-	934	837
Participation rate	29.7	25.4	30.7	31.0	28.5	28.0	30.2	29.2	29.3	33.5	-	34.8	31.2
Employed	620	612	661	656	610	641	650	613	590	728	-	656	684
Employment-population ratio	23.5	22.9	24.7	24.5	22.8	23.9	24.2	22.9	22.0	27.1	-	24.4	25.5
Unemployed	163	66	160	174	155	111	158	171	196	170	-	278	153
Unemployment rate	20.8	9.8	19.5	20.9	20.2	14.8	19.6	21.8	24.9	18.9	-	29.8	18.3

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	18,174	19,111	19,097	19,241	19,272	19,291	19,294	19,313	19,408	19,519	-	19,836	19,788
Civilian labor force	11,664	12,357	12,514	12,651	12,711	12,709	12,637	12,537	12,624	12,751	-	13,083	13,036
Participation rate	64.2	64.7	65.5	65.8	66.0	65.9	65.5	64.9	65.0	65.3	-	66.0	65.9
Employed	11,250	11,903	12,114	12,210	12,323	12,246	12,186	12,043	12,172	12,197	-	12,617	12,565
Employment-population ratio	61.9	62.3	63.4	63.5	63.9	63.5	63.2	62.4	62.7	62.5	-	63.6	63.5
Unemployed	413	454	400	442	388	463	450	495	453	553	-	466	471
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.1	3.6	3.6	3.9	3.6	4.3	-	3.6	3.6
Not in labor force	6,510	6,754	6,583	6,590	6,561	6,582	6,658	6,776	6,783	6,769	-	6,753	6,752

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	49,483	50,869	50,977	51,083	51,191	51,297	51,406	51,514	51,629	51,746	-	51,971	52,080
Civilian labor force	33,494	33,985	34,086	34,326	34,417	34,419	34,330	34,504	34,594	34,839	-	35,025	35,014
Participation rate	67.7	66.8	66.9	67.2	67.2	67.1	66.8	67.0	67.0	67.3	-	67.4	67.2
Employed	31,769	32,351	32,299	32,573	32,635	32,649	32,687	32,769	32,777	32,928	-	33,262	33,286
Employment-population ratio	64.2	63.6	63.4	63.8	63.8	63.6	63.6	63.6	63.5	63.6	-	64.0	63.9
Unemployed	1,725	1,634	1,787	1,753	1,782	1,769	1,642	1,734	1,817	1,912	-	1,763	1,728
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.3	5.5	-	5.0	4.9
Not in labor force	15,989	16,884	16,892	16,757	16,774	16,878	17,076	17,011	17,034	16,907	-	16,946	17,066
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,915	18,227	18,137	18,282	18,392	18,421	18,448	18,447	18,521	18,586	-	18,700	18,744
Participation rate	80.1	79.1	78.5	79.0	79.3	79.2	79.2	79.0	79.1	79.2	-	79.3	79.3
Employed	17,179	17,486	17,298	17,455	17,483	17,600	17,678	17,658	17,639	17,731	-	17,856	17,935
Employment-population ratio	76.8	75.9	74.9	75.4	75.4	75.7	75.9	75.6	75.3	75.5	-	75.7	75.9
Unemployed	736	741	839	828	910	821	770	789	882	855	-	844	809
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.1	4.6	4.5	4.9	4.5	4.2	4.3	4.8	4.6	-	4.5	4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,029	14,209	14,358	14,413	14,500	14,450	14,325	14,446	14,525	14,685	-	14,845	14,812
Participation rate	62.4	61.6	62.1	62.2	62.4	62.1	61.4	61.8	62.0	62.5	-	62.9	62.6
Employed	13,286	13,568	13,630	13,746	13,835	13,721	13,687	13,792	13,814	13,875	-	14,186	14,140
Employment-population ratio	59.1	58.8	59.0	59.3	59.6	59.0	58.7	59.0	58.9	59.1	-	60.1	59.8
Unemployed	744	641	728	667	665	730	638	654	711	810	-	659	672
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.6	5.1	4.5	4.5	4.9	5.5	-	4.4	4.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,549	1,549	1,591	1,631	1,524	1,548	1,557	1,610	1,549	1,569	-	1,480	1,458
Participation rate	33.4	32.6	33.4	34.2	32.0	32.4	32.6	33.7	32.4	32.8	-	30.9	30.5
Employed	1,305	1,298	1,371	1,373	1,318	1,329	1,322	1,319	1,324	1,322	-	1,220	1,210
Employment-population ratio	28.2	27.3	28.8	28.8	27.6	27.8	27.7	27.6	27.7	27.7	-	25.5	25.3
Unemployed	245	251	220	258	207	219	235	292	225	247	-	260	248
Unemployment rate	15.8	16.2	13.8	15.8	13.6	14.1	15.1	18.1	14.5	15.8	-	17.6	17.0

Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

Last Modified Date: January 09, 2026