A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, sex, and age	2024		2025
	Nov.	Dec.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	205,521	205,598	207,088	207,147	207,221	207,291	207,377	207,472	207,569	207,675	207,788	-	207,980
Civilian labor force	127,710	127,827	128,988	128,548	128,769	129,149	128,538	128,514	128,628	128,386	128,553	-	128,391
Participation rate	62.1	62.2	62.3	62.1	62.1	62.3	62.0	61.9	62.0	61.8	61.9	-	61.7
Employed	122,856	123,213	124,431	123,726	123,993	124,198	123,605	123,899	123,864	123,581	123,731	-	123,424
Employment-population ratio	59.8	59.9	60.1	59.7	59.8	59.9	59.6	59.7	59.7	59.5	59.5	-	59.3
Unemployed	4,854	4,614	4,557	4,822	4,776	4,952	4,934	4,615	4,764	4,806	4,822	-	4,966
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.8	-	3.9
Not in labor force	77,811	77,770	78,100	78,599	78,452	78,142	78,839	78,958	78,941	79,289	79,235	-	79,589
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,289	66,244	66,794	66,365	66,454	66,754	66,593	66,664	66,741	66,931	66,717	-	66,634
Participation rate	69.9	69.8	69.9	69.4	69.5	69.8	69.6	69.6	69.6	69.8	69.5	-	69.4
Employed	63,965	64,087	64,721	64,049	64,217	64,276	64,200	64,415	64,414	64,482	64,355	-	64,257
Employment-population ratio	67.5	67.6	67.7	67.0	67.1	67.2	67.1	67.3	67.2	67.3	67.1	-	66.9
Unemployed	2,324	2,156	2,073	2,316	2,237	2,478	2,392	2,250	2,327	2,450	2,362	-	2,377
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.7	3.5	-	3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,462	56,502	57,063	57,060	57,193	57,326	56,923	57,000	57,008	56,703	56,994	-	56,955
Participation rate	57.6	57.6	57.8	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.6	57.6	57.6	57.3	57.5	-	57.4
Employed	54,545	54,607	55,195	55,117	55,307	55,440	55,047	55,244	55,259	54,911	55,073	-	55,009
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.7	55.9	55.8	56.0	56.1	55.7	55.9	55.8	55.5	55.6	-	55.5
Unemployed	1,916	1,895	1,868	1,943	1,887	1,887	1,876	1,756	1,749	1,792	1,922	-	1,946
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.4	-	3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,959	5,082	5,131	5,123	5,122	5,069	5,023	4,850	4,879	4,752	4,841	-	4,801
Participation rate	39.0	40.0	40.0	39.9	40.0	39.5	39.2	37.9	38.2	37.2	37.9	-	37.7
Employed	4,346	4,519	4,516	4,560	4,470	4,482	4,358	4,241	4,191	4,188	4,303	-	4,158
Employment-population ratio	34.2	35.5	35.2	35.6	34.9	35.0	34.0	33.1	32.8	32.8	33.7	-	32.6
Unemployed	613	563	616	562	653	587	665	609	688	564	538	-	643
Unemployment rate	12.4	11.1	12.0	11.0	12.7	11.6	13.2	12.6	14.1	11.9	11.1	-	13.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	35,161	35,194	35,621	35,653	35,687	35,719	35,751	35,784	35,818	35,854	35,892	-	35,961
Civilian labor force	21,952	21,971	22,260	22,340	22,196	22,185	22,174	22,161	22,071	22,431	22,582	-	22,963
Participation rate	62.4	62.4	62.5	62.7	62.2	62.1	62.0	61.9	61.6	62.6	62.9	-	63.9
Employed	20,556	20,640	20,874	21,002	20,826	20,787	20,843	20,650	20,484	20,744	20,885	-	21,068
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.6	58.6	58.9	58.4	58.2	58.3	57.7	57.2	57.9	58.2	-	58.6
Unemployed	1,396	1,331	1,386	1,339	1,370	1,399	1,332	1,511	1,587	1,687	1,697	-	1,895
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.0	6.8	7.2	7.5	7.5	-	8.3
Not in labor force	13,208	13,223	13,361	13,313	13,491	13,534	13,577	13,623	13,747	13,423	13,309	-	12,998
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,267	10,207	10,451	10,347	10,511	10,504	10,409	10,473	10,346	10,646	10,590	-	10,780
Participation rate	68.7	68.2	69.0	68.3	69.3	69.2	68.5	68.8	67.9	69.8	69.4	-	70.4
Employed	9,655	9,631	9,728	9,773	9,870	9,917	9,869	9,752	9,623	9,893	9,889	-	9,971
Employment-population ratio	64.6	64.4	64.2	64.5	65.1	65.3	64.9	64.1	63.2	64.9	64.8	-	65.2
Unemployed	612	576	723	574	641	587	540	721	723	753	701	-	809
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.6	6.9	5.5	6.1	5.6	5.2	6.9	7.0	7.1	6.6	-	7.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,953	10,986	11,133	11,174	10,857	10,923	11,016	10,883	10,941	11,000	11,099	-	11,239
Participation rate	62.3	62.4	62.5	62.7	60.9	61.2	61.7	60.9	61.1	61.4	61.9	-	62.5
Employed	10,301	10,388	10,534	10,566	10,300	10,260	10,332	10,248	10,247	10,260	10,269	-	10,442
Employment-population ratio	58.6	59.0	59.2	59.3	57.8	57.5	57.8	57.3	57.2	57.3	57.2	-	58.1
Unemployed	651	598	598	607	557	663	684	634	694	739	830	-	796
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.1	6.1	6.2	5.8	6.3	6.7	7.5	-	7.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	733	778	677	820	828	759	749	806	783	785	894	-	944
Participation rate	27.8	29.5	25.3	30.6	30.9	28.3	27.9	30.0	29.2	29.3	33.3	-	35.2
Employed	600	621	612	662	655	610	641	651	614	590	727	-	655
Employment-population ratio	22.8	23.5	22.9	24.8	24.5	22.8	23.9	24.3	22.9	22.0	27.1	-	24.4
Unemployed	133	157	64	157	172	149	108	155	170	195	167	-	289
Unemployment rate	18.1	20.2	9.5	19.2	20.8	19.6	14.4	19.2	21.7	24.8	18.6	-	30.7

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	18,213	18,174	19,111	19,097	19,241	19,272	19,291	19,294	19,313	19,408	19,519	-	19,836
Civilian labor force	11,759	11,680	12,359	12,512	12,653	12,717	12,708	12,633	12,530	12,615	12,740	-	13,084
Participation rate	64.6	64.3	64.7	65.5	65.8	66.0	65.9	65.5	64.9	65.0	65.3	-	66.0
Employed	11,318	11,267	11,906	12,113	12,213	12,332	12,247	12,186	12,036	12,163	12,184	-	12,618
Employment-population ratio	62.1	62.0	62.3	63.4	63.5	64.0	63.5	63.2	62.3	62.7	62.4	-	63.6
Unemployed	441	413	453	399	441	385	461	447	494	452	556	-	466
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.6	3.5	3.9	3.6	4.4	-	3.6
Not in labor force	6,454	6,494	6,752	6,585	6,588	6,555	6,583	6,661	6,783	6,793	6,779	-	6,752

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	49,385	49,483	50,869	50,977	51,083	51,191	51,297	51,406	51,514	51,629	51,746	-	51,971
Civilian labor force	33,039	33,415	33,997	34,083	34,330	34,446	34,452	34,318	34,500	34,579	34,831	-	35,025
Participation rate	66.9	67.5	66.8	66.9	67.2	67.3	67.2	66.8	67.0	67.0	67.3	-	67.4
Employed	31,297	31,702	32,373	32,301	32,578	32,650	32,682	32,686	32,773	32,758	32,914	-	33,257
Employment-population ratio	63.4	64.1	63.6	63.4	63.8	63.8	63.7	63.6	63.6	63.4	63.6	-	64.0
Unemployed	1,743	1,713	1,623	1,782	1,752	1,795	1,770	1,632	1,727	1,820	1,918	-	1,768
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.1	4.8	5.0	5.3	5.5	-	5.0
Not in labor force	16,345	16,068	16,873	16,895	16,753	16,745	16,845	17,088	17,014	17,050	16,914	-	16,946
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,716	17,885	18,249	18,150	18,301	18,410	18,431	18,455	18,435	18,509	18,574	-	18,680
Participation rate	79.4	79.9	79.2	78.6	79.1	79.4	79.3	79.2	78.9	79.0	79.1	-	79.2
Employed	16,941	17,162	17,518	17,314	17,476	17,488	17,610	17,694	17,652	17,623	17,715	-	17,832
Employment-population ratio	75.9	76.7	76.0	75.0	75.5	75.4	75.7	75.9	75.6	75.3	75.5	-	75.6
Unemployed	775	723	731	836	825	921	821	761	782	886	859	-	848
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6	4.5	5.0	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.8	4.6	-	4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,879	13,985	14,204	14,347	14,398	14,512	14,473	14,305	14,450	14,514	14,684	-	14,863
Participation rate	61.9	62.2	61.6	62.1	62.1	62.5	62.2	61.3	61.8	61.9	62.5	-	63.0
Employed	13,154	13,241	13,564	13,621	13,732	13,846	13,742	13,668	13,797	13,804	13,872	-	14,203
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.9	58.8	58.9	59.3	59.6	59.1	58.6	59.0	58.9	59.1	-	60.2
Unemployed	724	744	640	726	666	666	731	637	652	710	812	-	660
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.3	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.6	5.0	4.5	4.5	4.9	5.5	-	4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,445	1,545	1,544	1,586	1,631	1,523	1,549	1,558	1,616	1,556	1,574	-	1,482
Participation rate	31.2	33.3	32.5	33.3	34.2	31.9	32.4	32.6	33.8	32.5	32.9	-	31.0
Employed	1,201	1,298	1,291	1,366	1,370	1,316	1,330	1,324	1,323	1,331	1,327	-	1,222
Employment-population ratio	26.0	28.0	27.2	28.7	28.8	27.6	27.9	27.7	27.7	27.9	27.8	-	25.5
Unemployed	244	247	252	220	261	208	218	234	292	224	247	-	260
Unemployment rate	16.9	16.0	16.3	13.8	16.0	13.6	14.1	15.0	18.1	14.4	15.7	-	17.5

Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data for October 2025 were not collected due to the federal government shutdown.

Last Modified Date: December 16, 2025