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Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
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JOLTS 2020 Benchmark Article
Incorporation of March 2020 Benchmarks into Estimates for the BLS Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
- Overview of the revisions
- Benchmarking & Associated Annual Processing Overview
- Availability of revised estimates
- Table of figures
Authored by Katherine Bauer
Katherine Bauer is an economist in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) released its annual revisions to the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates on March 11, 2021. This release includes revisions to national and regional estimates of job openings, hires, and separations for a 5-year period. The revised estimates incorporate benchmarks based on Current Employment Statistics (CES) benchmarked employment estimates and revised seasonal adjustment factors, as well as special adjustments for 2020 to incorporate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the decennial census.
Overview of the revisions
- For job openings, the March 2020 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 5,769,000. This is a revision of -242,000 or -4.2 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for job openings is 5,734,000. This is a revision of -123,000 or -2.1 percent.
- For hires, the March 2020 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 5,132,000. This is a revision of 21,000 or 0.4 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for hires is 4,728,000. This is a revision of 72,000 or 1.5 percent.
- For total separations, the March 2020 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 16,308,000. This is a revision of 1,665,000 or 10.2 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for separations is 15,654,000. This is a revision of 1,655,000 or 10.6 percent.
- For quits, the March 2020 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 2,902,000. This is a revision of 113,000 or 3.9 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for quits is 2,612,000. This is a revision of 159,000 or 6.1 percent.
- For layoffs and discharges, the March 2020 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 13,046,000. This is a revision of 1,557,000 or 11.9 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for layoffs and discharges is 12,704,000. This is a revision of 1,497,000 or 11.8 percent.
- For other separations, the March 2020 benchmarked seasonally adjusted level is 360,000. This is a revision of -6,000 or -1.7 percent. The not seasonally adjusted benchmarked level for other separations is 338,000. This is a revision of -2,000 or -0.6 percent.
| Data element | Seasonally adjusted | Not seasonally adjusted | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Level difference | Percent difference | As revised | As previously published | Level difference | Percent difference | |
Job openings | 5,769 | 6,011 | -242 | -4.2 | 5,734 | 5,857 | -123 | -2.1 |
Hires | 5,132 | 5,111 | 21 | 0.4 | 4,728 | 4,656 | 72 | 1.5 |
Total separations | 16,308 | 14,643 | 1,665 | 10.2 | 15,654 | 13,999 | 1,655 | 10.6 |
Quits | 2,902 | 2,789 | 113 | 3.9 | 2,612 | 2,453 | 159 | 6.1 |
Layoffs and discharges | 13,046 | 11,489 | 1,557 | 11.9 | 12,704 | 11,207 | 1,497 | 11.8 |
Other separations | 360 | 366 | -6 | -1.7 | 338 | 340 | -2 | -0.6 |
Benchmarking & Associated Annual Processing Overview
Benchmarking Process
The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment estimates.i Once the CES benchmarked employment estimates are available, the JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels. The resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual benchmark process results in revisions to both the not seasonally adjusted and seasonally adjusted estimates for the period since the last benchmark was established. For 2020, additional processes were implemented to incorporate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the decennial census.
Associated Annual Processing Adjustments
Pandemic-related Alignment Process Modifications
BLS modified the JOLTS estimation processes for the March 2020 preliminary through the November 2020 preliminary estimates to better reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimation process usually aligns monthly hires minus separations with the over-the-month change in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment estimates. However, the alignment process was suspended during this time frame because the differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference month) led to different measurement outcomes. For example, hires and separations during the latter half of March 2020 were not included in the CES employment change for March, but were included in the JOLTS estimates for the month.
The alignment portion of the JOLTS estimation process was designed to correct a long-term divergence between the JOLTS hires minus separations and the CES employment change; it was not designed to address a substantial short-term divergence between the two series. While JOLTS hires minus separations and CES employment change generally approximate one another, small monthly discrepancies between the two series can build up over time. For the December 2020 preliminary and the November 2020 final JOLTS estimates, suppression of the alignment process was discontinued. The differences between the JOLTS hires minus separations and CES employment changes were no longer significantly different.
An additional alignment procedure was needed for the months most greatly affected by the pandemic to reconcile the CES employment change and the JOLTS hires minus separations difference. An adjustment was made for the months from March 2020 through October 2020 that accounted for this divergence while simultaneously preserving the impact of the pandemic on the JOLTS hires and separations. The CES employment changes were distributed across the affected months by apportioning the difference between the JOLTS hires and separations levels. This approach allowed the JOLTS estimates to capture the month-to-month changes due to the pandemic while also reflecting the impacts on the CES employment estimates.
2020 Decennial Census
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts a constitutionally mandated census to count the number of people in the United States every 10 years. The most recent decennial census was conducted in 2020. The JOLTS program uses CES Census employment data to estimate levels of job openings, hires, and separations based on estimated churn. These levels are then added to the federal government estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal Adjustment
Seasonally adjusted estimates are recalculated for the most recent 5 years for each of the JOLTS data elements in order to reflect annually updated seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS alignment process aligns the JOLTS seasonally adjusted estimates to the CES seasonally adjusted trend. After these estimates are aligned, the process removes the seasonal factors to obtain the not seasonally adjusted series. The seasonal adjustment process is repeated using the aligned not-seasonally-adjusted estimates. Because of this process, the series that are not seasonally adjusted are also recalculated for the most recent 5 years.ii
Availability of revised estimates
The BLS public database contains all historical JOLTS estimates that have been revised as a result of the benchmark process. The estimates can be accessed on the JOLTS database page.
Tables
| 2020 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 7,154 | 7,012 | 142 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 0.1 |
February | 7,012 | 7,004 | 8 | 4.4 | 4.4 | .0 |
March | 5,769 | 6,011 | -242 | 3.7 | 3.8 | -.1 |
April | 4,630 | 4,996 | -366 | 3.4 | 3.7 | -.3 |
May | 5,447 | 5,371 | 76 | 3.9 | 3.9 | .0 |
June | 6,112 | 6,001 | 111 | 4.2 | 4.2 | .0 |
July | 6,717 | 6,697 | 20 | 4.6 | 4.6 | .0 |
August | 6,451 | 6,352 | 99 | 4.4 | 4.3 | .1 |
September | 6,611 | 6,494 | 117 | 4.5 | 4.4 | .1 |
October | 6,873 | 6,632 | 241 | 4.6 | 4.5 | .1 |
November | 6,766 | 6,572 | 194 | 4.5 | 4.4 | .1 |
December | 6,752 | 6,646 | 106 | 4.5 | 4.5 | .0 |
| 2020 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 5,974 | 5,921 | 53 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 0.0 |
February | 5,979 | 5,864 | 115 | 3.9 | 3.8 | .1 |
March | 5,132 | 5,111 | 21 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0 |
April | 3,942 | 4,047 | -105 | 3.0 | 3.1 | -.1 |
May | 8,272 | 7,199 | 1,073 | 6.2 | 5.4 | .8 |
June | 7,697 | 6,970 | 727 | 5.6 | 5.1 | .5 |
July | 6,237 | 5,903 | 334 | 4.5 | 4.2 | .3 |
August | 6,431 | 5,952 | 479 | 4.6 | 4.2 | .4 |
September | 5,932 | 5,886 | 46 | 4.2 | 4.2 | .0 |
October | 6,035 | 5,912 | 123 | 4.2 | 4.2 | .0 |
November | 6,019 | 5,935 | 84 | 4.2 | 4.2 | .0 |
December | 5,411 | 5,539 | -128 | 3.8 | 3.9 | -.1 |
| 2020 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 5,714 | 5,713 | 1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0.0 |
February | 5,715 | 5,595 | 120 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .0 |
March | 16,308 | 14,643 | 1,665 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 1.1 |
April | 11,782 | 9,975 | 1,807 | 9.1 | 7.6 | 1.5 |
May | 4,618 | 4,236 | 382 | 3.5 | 3.2 | .3 |
June | 5,180 | 4,899 | 281 | 3.8 | 3.6 | .2 |
July | 5,392 | 4,988 | 404 | 3.9 | 3.6 | .3 |
August | 4,901 | 4,689 | 212 | 3.5 | 3.3 | .2 |
September | 5,235 | 4,844 | 391 | 3.7 | 3.4 | .3 |
October | 5,427 | 5,142 | 285 | 3.8 | 3.6 | .2 |
November | 5,744 | 5,523 | 221 | 4.0 | 3.9 | .1 |
December | 5,582 | 5,460 | 122 | 3.9 | 3.8 | .1 |
| 2020 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 3,568 | 3,575 | -7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.0 |
February | 3,430 | 3,436 | -6 | 2.2 | 2.3 | -.1 |
March | 2,902 | 2,789 | 113 | 1.9 | 1.8 | .1 |
April | 2,107 | 1,877 | 230 | 1.6 | 1.4 | .2 |
May | 2,206 | 2,067 | 139 | 1.7 | 1.6 | .1 |
June | 2,646 | 2,605 | 41 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0 |
July | 3,182 | 2,932 | 250 | 2.3 | 2.1 | .2 |
August | 2,987 | 2,839 | 148 | 2.1 | 2.0 | .1 |
September | 3,307 | 3,074 | 233 | 2.3 | 2.2 | .1 |
October | 3,352 | 3,150 | 202 | 2.4 | 2.2 | .2 |
November | 3,296 | 3,180 | 116 | 2.3 | 2.2 | .1 |
December | 3,407 | 3,286 | 121 | 2.4 | 2.3 | .1 |
| 2020 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 1,788 | 1,749 | 39 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.1 |
February | 1,953 | 1,846 | 107 | 1.3 | 1.2 | .1 |
March | 13,046 | 11,489 | 1,557 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 1.0 |
April | 9,307 | 7,708 | 1,599 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 1.3 |
May | 2,096 | 1,903 | 193 | 1.6 | 1.4 | .2 |
June | 2,204 | 1,995 | 209 | 1.6 | 1.4 | .2 |
July | 1,845 | 1,745 | 100 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0 |
August | 1,573 | 1,533 | 40 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .0 |
September | 1,555 | 1,437 | 118 | 1.1 | 1.0 | .1 |
October | 1,728 | 1,676 | 52 | 1.2 | 1.2 | .0 |
November | 2,123 | 2,055 | 68 | 1.5 | 1.4 | .1 |
December | 1,823 | 1,812 | 11 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .0 |
| 2020 | Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As revised | As previously published | Difference | As revised | As previously published | Difference | |
January | 358 | 389 | -31 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -0.1 |
February | 332 | 313 | 19 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
March | 360 | 366 | -6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
April | 368 | 390 | -22 | 0.3 | 0.3 | .0 |
May | 316 | 266 | 50 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
June | 331 | 300 | 31 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
July | 365 | 311 | 54 | 0.3 | 0.2 | .1 |
August | 342 | 317 | 25 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
September | 373 | 333 | 40 | 0.3 | 0.2 | .1 |
October | 347 | 317 | 30 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
November | 325 | 288 | 37 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .0 |
December | 352 | 362 | -10 | 0.2 | 0.3 | -.1 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 5,769 | 6,011 | -242 | -4.2 |
Total private | 5,061 | 5,284 | -223 | -4.4 |
Mining and logging | 16 | 12 | 4 | 25.0 |
Construction | 228 | 240 | -12 | -5.3 |
Manufacturing | 302 | 310 | -8 | -2.6 |
Durable goods | 170 | 178 | -8 | -4.7 |
Nondurable goods | 132 | 132 | 0 | 0.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,050 | 1,069 | -19 | -1.8 |
Wholesale trade | 150 | 156 | -6 | -4.0 |
Retail trade | 571 | 626 | -55 | -9.6 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 330 | 286 | 44 | 13.3 |
Information | 122 | 119 | 3 | 2.5 |
Financial activities | 352 | 336 | 16 | 4.5 |
Finance and insurance | 261 | 262 | -1 | -0.4 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 91 | 75 | 16 | 17.6 |
Professional and business services | 1,042 | 1,192 | -150 | -14.4 |
Education and health services | 1,143 | 1,193 | -50 | -4.4 |
Educational services | 101 | 106 | -5 | -5.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 1,041 | 1,087 | -46 | -4.4 |
Leisure and hospitality | 648 | 664 | -16 | -2.5 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 129 | 130 | -1 | -0.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 519 | 534 | -15 | -2.9 |
Other services | 158 | 147 | 11 | 7.0 |
Government | 708 | 727 | -19 | -2.7 |
Federal | 123 | 131 | -8 | -6.5 |
State and local | 585 | 596 | -11 | -1.9 |
State and local education | 209 | 215 | -6 | -2.9 |
State and local, excluding education | 377 | 381 | -4 | -1.1 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,205 | 1,286 | -81 | -6.7 |
Northeast | 1,006 | 1,102 | -96 | -9.5 |
South | 2,189 | 2,251 | -62 | -2.8 |
West | 1,370 | 1,373 | -3 | -0.2 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 5,132 | 5,111 | 21 | 0.4 |
Total private | 4,751 | 4,744 | 7 | 0.1 |
Mining and logging | 23 | 19 | 4 | 17.4 |
Construction | 403 | 389 | 14 | 3.5 |
Manufacturing | 313 | 299 | 14 | 4.5 |
Durable goods | 176 | 159 | 17 | 9.7 |
Nondurable goods | 136 | 140 | -4 | -2.9 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,116 | 1,137 | -21 | -1.9 |
Wholesale trade | 136 | 136 | 0 | 0.0 |
Retail trade | 734 | 764 | -30 | -4.1 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 246 | 237 | 9 | 3.7 |
Information | 69 | 74 | -5 | -7.2 |
Financial activities | 230 | 218 | 12 | 5.2 |
Finance and insurance | 153 | 151 | 2 | 1.3 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 76 | 67 | 9 | 11.8 |
Professional and business services | 1,116 | 1,103 | 13 | 1.2 |
Education and health services | 648 | 663 | -15 | -2.3 |
Educational services | 93 | 92 | 1 | 1.1 |
Health care and social assistance | 554 | 571 | -17 | -3.1 |
Leisure and hospitality | 677 | 673 | 4 | 0.6 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 119 | 127 | -8 | -6.7 |
Accommodation and food services | 558 | 546 | 12 | 2.2 |
Other services | 157 | 168 | -11 | -7.0 |
Government | 381 | 367 | 14 | 3.7 |
Federal | 58 | 58 | 0 | 0.0 |
State and local | 324 | 309 | 15 | 4.6 |
State and local education | 167 | 153 | 14 | 8.4 |
State and local, excluding education | 156 | 156 | 0 | 0.0 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,072 | 1,097 | -25 | -2.3 |
Northeast | 839 | 869 | -30 | -3.6 |
South | 1,988 | 1,998 | -10 | -0.5 |
West | 1,234 | 1,147 | 87 | 7.1 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 16,308 | 14,643 | 1,665 | 10.2 |
Total private | 15,763 | 14,243 | 1,520 | 9.6 |
Mining and logging | 45 | 42 | 3 | 6.7 |
Construction | 784 | 756 | 28 | 3.6 |
Manufacturing | 891 | 804 | 87 | 9.8 |
Durable goods | 532 | 474 | 58 | 10.9 |
Nondurable goods | 358 | 329 | 29 | 8.1 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 2,771 | 2,408 | 363 | 13.1 |
Wholesale trade | 335 | 252 | 83 | 24.8 |
Retail trade | 1,834 | 1,654 | 180 | 9.8 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 602 | 502 | 100 | 16.6 |
Information | 246 | 107 | 139 | 56.5 |
Financial activities | 383 | 350 | 33 | 8.6 |
Finance and insurance | 179 | 169 | 10 | 5.6 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 203 | 181 | 22 | 10.8 |
Professional and business services | 1,931 | 1,714 | 217 | 11.2 |
Education and health services | 2,035 | 1,747 | 288 | 14.2 |
Educational services | 371 | 327 | 44 | 11.9 |
Health care and social assistance | 1,663 | 1,420 | 243 | 14.6 |
Leisure and hospitality | 5,713 | 5,345 | 368 | 6.4 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 665 | 599 | 66 | 9.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 5,048 | 4,746 | 302 | 6.0 |
Other services | 965 | 969 | -4 | -0.4 |
Government | 545 | 400 | 145 | 26.6 |
Federal | 42 | 39 | 3 | 7.1 |
State and local | 503 | 361 | 142 | 28.2 |
State and local education | 294 | 180 | 114 | 38.8 |
State and local, excluding education | 208 | 181 | 27 | 13.0 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 3,809 | 3,635 | 174 | 4.6 |
Northeast | 3,256 | 2,807 | 449 | 13.8 |
South | 5,404 | 4,978 | 426 | 7.9 |
West | 3,839 | 3,222 | 617 | 16.1 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 2,902 | 2,789 | 113 | 3.9 |
Total private | 2,677 | 2,619 | 58 | 2.2 |
Mining and logging | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0.0 |
Construction | 135 | 130 | 5 | 3.7 |
Manufacturing | 155 | 150 | 5 | 3.2 |
Durable goods | 83 | 86 | -3 | -3.6 |
Nondurable goods | 72 | 64 | 8 | 11.1 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 618 | 607 | 11 | 1.8 |
Wholesale trade | 95 | 93 | 2 | 2.1 |
Retail trade | 389 | 386 | 3 | 0.8 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 135 | 129 | 6 | 4.4 |
Information | 42 | 35 | 7 | 16.7 |
Financial activities | 109 | 93 | 16 | 14.7 |
Finance and insurance | 75 | 70 | 5 | 6.7 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 34 | 23 | 11 | 32.4 |
Professional and business services | 583 | 561 | 22 | 3.8 |
Education and health services | 452 | 426 | 26 | 5.8 |
Educational services | 47 | 50 | -3 | -6.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 405 | 376 | 29 | 7.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 515 | 534 | -19 | -3.7 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 45 | 52 | -7 | -15.6 |
Accommodation and food services | 470 | 483 | -13 | -2.8 |
Other services | 59 | 74 | -15 | -25.4 |
Government | 225 | 170 | 55 | 24.4 |
Federal | 20 | 17 | 3 | 15.0 |
State and local | 206 | 152 | 54 | 26.2 |
State and local education | 121 | 79 | 42 | 34.7 |
State and local, excluding education | 84 | 73 | 11 | 13.1 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 661 | 654 | 7 | 1.1 |
Northeast | 409 | 404 | 5 | 1.2 |
South | 1,156 | 1,098 | 58 | 5.0 |
West | 676 | 633 | 43 | 6.4 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 13,046 | 11,489 | 1,557 | 11.9 |
Total private | 12,801 | 11,316 | 1,485 | 11.6 |
Mining and logging | 35 | 32 | 3 | 8.6 |
Construction | 631 | 604 | 27 | 4.3 |
Manufacturing | 713 | 632 | 81 | 11.4 |
Durable goods | 436 | 374 | 62 | 14.2 |
Nondurable goods | 277 | 257 | 20 | 7.2 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 2,088 | 1,730 | 358 | 17.1 |
Wholesale trade | 236 | 154 | 82 | 34.7 |
Retail trade | 1,409 | 1,226 | 183 | 13.0 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 443 | 350 | 93 | 21.0 |
Information | 196 | 64 | 132 | 67.3 |
Financial activities | 247 | 228 | 19 | 7.7 |
Finance and insurance | 83 | 77 | 6 | 7.2 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 164 | 151 | 13 | 7.9 |
Professional and business services | 1,278 | 1,086 | 192 | 15.0 |
Education and health services | 1,540 | 1,274 | 266 | 17.3 |
Educational services | 320 | 272 | 48 | 15.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 1,220 | 1,001 | 219 | 18.0 |
Leisure and hospitality | 5,178 | 4,783 | 395 | 7.6 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 618 | 545 | 73 | 11.8 |
Accommodation and food services | 4,560 | 4,238 | 322 | 7.1 |
Other services | 895 | 884 | 11 | 1.2 |
Government | 244 | 173 | 71 | 29.1 |
Federal | 11 | 9 | 2 | 18.2 |
State and local | 233 | 164 | 69 | 29.6 |
State and local education | 137 | 79 | 58 | 42.3 |
State and local, excluding education | 96 | 85 | 11 | 11.5 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 3,063 | 2,898 | 165 | 5.4 |
Northeast | 2,794 | 2,348 | 446 | 16.0 |
South | 4,129 | 3,747 | 382 | 9.3 |
West | 3,060 | 2,496 | 564 | 18.4 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 360 | 366 | -6 | -1.7 |
Total private | 285 | 308 | -23 | -8.1 |
Mining and logging | 1 | 2 | -1 | -100.0 |
Construction | 18 | 22 | -4 | -22.2 |
Manufacturing | 23 | 22 | 1 | 4.3 |
Durable goods | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0.0 |
Nondurable goods | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 65 | 71 | -6 | -9.2 |
Wholesale trade | 4 | 5 | -1 | -25.0 |
Retail trade | 36 | 42 | -6 | -16.7 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 25 | 24 | 1 | 4.0 |
Information | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0.0 |
Financial activities | 26 | 30 | -4 | -15.4 |
Finance and insurance | 21 | 22 | -1 | -4.8 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 5 | 7 | -2 | -40.0 |
Professional and business services | 70 | 67 | 3 | 4.3 |
Education and health services | 43 | 47 | -4 | -9.3 |
Educational services | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 38 | 43 | -5 | -13.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 20 | 28 | -8 | -40.0 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 18 | 26 | -8 | -44.4 |
Other services | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0.0 |
Government | 75 | 58 | 17 | 22.7 |
Federal | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0.0 |
State and local | 64 | 46 | 18 | 28.1 |
State and local education | 36 | 22 | 14 | 38.9 |
State and local, excluding education | 28 | 24 | 4 | 14.3 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 85 | 83 | 2 | 2.4 |
Northeast | 53 | 56 | -3 | -5.7 |
South | 119 | 133 | -14 | -11.8 |
West | 104 | 93 | 11 | 10.6 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 5,734 | 5,857 | -123 | -2.1 |
Total private | 5,019 | 5,145 | -126 | -2.5 |
Mining and logging | 15 | 12 | 3 | 20.0 |
Construction | 238 | 240 | -2 | -0.8 |
Manufacturing | 302 | 310 | -8 | -2.6 |
Durable goods | 169 | 178 | -9 | -5.3 |
Nondurable goods | 134 | 132 | 2 | 1.5 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 980 | 973 | 7 | 0.7 |
Wholesale trade | 145 | 149 | -4 | -2.8 |
Retail trade | 496 | 538 | -42 | -8.5 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 339 | 286 | 53 | 15.6 |
Information | 117 | 119 | -2 | -1.7 |
Financial activities | 334 | 321 | 13 | 3.9 |
Finance and insurance | 247 | 246 | 1 | 0.4 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 87 | 75 | 12 | 13.8 |
Professional and business services | 1,053 | 1,160 | -107 | -10.2 |
Education and health services | 1,125 | 1,178 | -53 | -4.7 |
Educational services | 96 | 106 | -10 | -10.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 1,029 | 1,072 | -43 | -4.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 684 | 675 | 9 | 1.3 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 142 | 142 | 0 | 0.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 542 | 533 | 9 | 1.7 |
Other services | 172 | 156 | 16 | 9.3 |
Government | 714 | 712 | 2 | 0.3 |
Federal | 132 | 131 | 1 | 0.8 |
State and local | 583 | 581 | 2 | 0.3 |
State and local education | 200 | 199 | 1 | 0.5 |
State and local, excluding education | 383 | 381 | 2 | 0.5 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,218 | 1,271 | -53 | -4.4 |
Northeast | 1,001 | 1,065 | -64 | -6.4 |
South | 2,175 | 2,203 | -28 | -1.3 |
West | 1,340 | 1,317 | 23 | 1.7 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 4,728 | 4,656 | 72 | 1.5 |
Total private | 4,433 | 4,386 | 47 | 1.1 |
Mining and logging | 24 | 19 | 5 | 20.8 |
Construction | 384 | 362 | 22 | 5.7 |
Manufacturing | 292 | 279 | 13 | 4.5 |
Durable goods | 167 | 149 | 18 | 10.8 |
Nondurable goods | 126 | 131 | -5 | -4.0 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 1,032 | 1,054 | -22 | -2.1 |
Wholesale trade | 139 | 136 | 3 | 2.2 |
Retail trade | 704 | 738 | -34 | -4.8 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 190 | 180 | 10 | 5.3 |
Information | 61 | 63 | -2 | -3.3 |
Financial activities | 213 | 200 | 13 | 6.1 |
Finance and insurance | 144 | 140 | 4 | 2.8 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 69 | 60 | 9 | 13.0 |
Professional and business services | 1,054 | 1,038 | 16 | 1.5 |
Education and health services | 589 | 592 | -3 | -0.5 |
Educational services | 55 | 58 | -3 | -5.5 |
Health care and social assistance | 534 | 535 | -1 | -0.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 660 | 653 | 7 | 1.1 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 120 | 123 | -3 | -2.5 |
Accommodation and food services | 540 | 530 | 10 | 1.9 |
Other services | 125 | 127 | -2 | -1.6 |
Government | 295 | 269 | 26 | 8.8 |
Federal | 57 | 58 | -1 | -1.8 |
State and local | 238 | 212 | 26 | 10.9 |
State and local education | 105 | 79 | 26 | 24.8 |
State and local, excluding education | 133 | 132 | 1 | 0.8 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 1,019 | 1,001 | 18 | 1.8 |
Northeast | 749 | 758 | -9 | -1.2 |
South | 1,854 | 1,869 | -15 | -0.8 |
West | 1,106 | 1,028 | 78 | 7.1 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 15,654 | 13,999 | 1,655 | 10.6 |
Total private | 15,209 | 13,710 | 1,499 | 9.9 |
Mining and logging | 45 | 41 | 4 | 8.9 |
Construction | 733 | 739 | -6 | -0.8 |
Manufacturing | 880 | 806 | 74 | 8.4 |
Durable goods | 525 | 487 | 38 | 7.2 |
Nondurable goods | 355 | 319 | 36 | 10.1 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 2,639 | 2,281 | 358 | 13.6 |
Wholesale trade | 328 | 252 | 76 | 23.2 |
Retail trade | 1,742 | 1,559 | 183 | 10.5 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 569 | 470 | 99 | 17.4 |
Information | 238 | 96 | 142 | 59.7 |
Financial activities | 363 | 333 | 30 | 8.3 |
Finance and insurance | 170 | 157 | 13 | 7.6 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 192 | 176 | 16 | 8.3 |
Professional and business services | 1,857 | 1,629 | 228 | 12.3 |
Education and health services | 1,988 | 1,692 | 296 | 14.9 |
Educational services | 337 | 287 | 50 | 14.8 |
Health care and social assistance | 1,651 | 1,405 | 246 | 14.9 |
Leisure and hospitality | 5,532 | 5,155 | 377 | 6.8 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 614 | 547 | 67 | 10.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 4,918 | 4,608 | 310 | 6.3 |
Other services | 935 | 937 | -2 | -0.2 |
Government | 445 | 289 | 156 | 35.1 |
Federal | 40 | 35 | 5 | 12.5 |
State and local | 405 | 254 | 151 | 37.3 |
State and local education | 222 | 106 | 116 | 52.3 |
State and local, excluding education | 184 | 149 | 35 | 19.0 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 3,657 | 3,482 | 175 | 4.8 |
Northeast | 3,108 | 2,654 | 454 | 14.6 |
South | 5,200 | 4,778 | 422 | 8.1 |
West | 3,689 | 3,086 | 603 | 16.3 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 2,612 | 2,453 | 159 | 6.1 |
Total private | 2,423 | 2,327 | 96 | 4.0 |
Mining and logging | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0.0 |
Construction | 106 | 106 | 0 | 0.0 |
Manufacturing | 153 | 140 | 13 | 8.5 |
Durable goods | 81 | 79 | 2 | 2.5 |
Nondurable goods | 72 | 60 | 12 | 16.7 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 574 | 561 | 13 | 2.3 |
Wholesale trade | 95 | 93 | 2 | 2.1 |
Retail trade | 349 | 345 | 4 | 1.1 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 129 | 123 | 6 | 4.7 |
Information | 36 | 28 | 8 | 22.2 |
Financial activities | 95 | 81 | 14 | 14.7 |
Finance and insurance | 67 | 58 | 9 | 13.4 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 28 | 23 | 5 | 17.9 |
Professional and business services | 547 | 519 | 28 | 5.1 |
Education and health services | 427 | 395 | 32 | 7.5 |
Educational services | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 395 | 364 | 31 | 7.8 |
Leisure and hospitality | 424 | 429 | -5 | -1.2 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 34 | 35 | -1 | -2.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 390 | 394 | -4 | -1.0 |
Other services | 54 | 61 | -7 | -13.0 |
Government | 189 | 126 | 63 | 33.3 |
Federal | 19 | 16 | 3 | 15.8 |
State and local | 170 | 110 | 60 | 35.3 |
State and local education | 88 | 43 | 45 | 51.1 |
State and local, excluding education | 82 | 67 | 15 | 18.3 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 601 | 576 | 25 | 4.2 |
Northeast | 348 | 336 | 12 | 3.4 |
South | 1,064 | 989 | 75 | 7.0 |
West | 600 | 552 | 48 | 8.0 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 12,704 | 11,207 | 1,497 | 11.8 |
Total private | 12,511 | 11,086 | 1,425 | 11.4 |
Mining and logging | 36 | 32 | 4 | 11.1 |
Construction | 604 | 611 | -7 | -1.2 |
Manufacturing | 703 | 645 | 58 | 8.3 |
Durable goods | 431 | 394 | 37 | 8.6 |
Nondurable goods | 272 | 251 | 21 | 7.7 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 2,008 | 1,661 | 347 | 17.3 |
Wholesale trade | 229 | 154 | 75 | 32.8 |
Retail trade | 1,364 | 1,184 | 180 | 13.2 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 414 | 323 | 91 | 22.0 |
Information | 193 | 60 | 133 | 68.9 |
Financial activities | 240 | 221 | 19 | 7.9 |
Finance and insurance | 82 | 76 | 6 | 7.3 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 157 | 145 | 12 | 7.6 |
Professional and business services | 1,239 | 1,040 | 199 | 16.1 |
Education and health services | 1,523 | 1,252 | 271 | 17.8 |
Educational services | 304 | 254 | 50 | 16.4 |
Health care and social assistance | 1,220 | 998 | 222 | 18.2 |
Leisure and hospitality | 5,094 | 4,698 | 396 | 7.8 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 579 | 510 | 69 | 11.9 |
Accommodation and food services | 4,515 | 4,188 | 327 | 7.2 |
Other services | 872 | 865 | 7 | 0.8 |
Government | 193 | 121 | 72 | 37.3 |
Federal | 10 | 8 | 2 | 20.0 |
State and local | 183 | 113 | 70 | 38.3 |
State and local education | 108 | 54 | 54 | 50.0 |
State and local, excluding education | 75 | 60 | 15 | 20.0 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 2,977 | 2,831 | 146 | 4.9 |
Northeast | 2,710 | 2,270 | 440 | 16.2 |
South | 4,035 | 3,666 | 369 | 9.1 |
West | 2,982 | 2,440 | 542 | 18.2 |
| Industry | As revised | As previously published | Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | Percent | |||
Total nonfarm | 338 | 340 | -2 | -0.6 |
Total private | 276 | 297 | -21 | -7.6 |
Mining and logging | 1 | 2 | -1 | -100.0 |
Construction | 23 | 22 | 1 | 4.3 |
Manufacturing | 24 | 22 | 2 | 8.3 |
Durable goods | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0.0 |
Nondurable goods | 11 | 9 | 2 | 18.2 |
Trade, transportation, and utilities | 58 | 59 | -1 | -1.7 |
Wholesale trade | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0.0 |
Retail trade | 28 | 31 | -3 | -10.7 |
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities | 26 | 24 | 2 | 7.7 |
Information | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0.0 |
Financial activities | 28 | 31 | -3 | -10.7 |
Finance and insurance | 21 | 23 | -2 | -9.5 |
Real estate and rental and leasing | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0.0 |
Professional and business services | 70 | 70 | 0 | 0.0 |
Education and health services | 38 | 44 | -6 | -15.8 |
Educational services | 2 | 1 | 1 | 50.0 |
Health care and social assistance | 36 | 43 | -7 | -19.4 |
Leisure and hospitality | 15 | 28 | -13 | -86.7 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 1 | 2 | -1 | -100.0 |
Accommodation and food services | 13 | 26 | -13 | -100.0 |
Other services | 10 | 11 | -1 | -10.0 |
Government | 62 | 42 | 20 | 32.3 |
Federal | 10 | 11 | -1 | -10.0 |
State and local | 52 | 32 | 20 | 38.5 |
State and local education | 25 | 9 | 16 | 64.0 |
State and local, excluding education | 27 | 22 | 5 | 18.5 |
Region | ||||
Midwest | 80 | 75 | 5 | 6.3 |
Northeast | 45 | 47 | -2 | -4.4 |
South | 105 | 123 | -18 | -17.1 |
West | 108 | 94 | 14 | 13.0 |
| Data element | Type | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Job openings | Percent | -0.7% | -1.2% | 2.1% | -0.9% | 0.2% | 1.7% | 3.2% | -4.5% | 4.3% | -1.1% | -2.1% |
| Level | - 20 | - 37 | 80 | - 33 | 7 | 85 | 186 | - 247 | 294 | - 81 | - 123 | |
Hires | Percent | -1.2% | 0.0% | 2.0% | 1.6% | -0.4% | 0.9% | -0.4% | -0.9% | 3.0% | 0.0% | 1.5% |
| Level | -50 | 1 | 83 | 64 | -18 | 44 | -20 | -46 | 161 | 0 | 72 | |
Total separations | Percent | -2.5% | 1.9% | 1.6% | 0.3% | 0.3% | -0.6% | -0.9% | -0.7% | 1.8% | 0.5% | 10.6% |
| Level | -81 | 62 | 56 | 12 | 12 | -28 | -38 | -30 | 85 | 26 | 1,655 | |
Quits | Percent | -4.1% | 0.6% | 1.4% | -1.7% | -1.6% | -0.6% | -0.7% | 0.7% | -3.3% | 2.0% | 6.1% |
| Level | - 65 | 11 | 27 | - 32 | - 36 | - 15 | - 19 | 19 | - 99 | 63 | 159 | |
Layoffs and discharges | Percent | 0.1% | 3.9% | 4.1% | 3.2% | 3.1% | 1.2% | -1.5% | -0.7% | 13.5% | -0.7% | 11.8% |
| Level | 1 | 52 | 55 | 44 | 41 | 18 | -22 | -10 | 197 | -10 | 1,497 | |
Other separations | Percent | -6.0% | -0.7% | -9.2% | 0.0% | 1.8% | -10.1% | 0.6% | -11.8% | -3.8% | -8.9% | -0.6% |
| Level | -17 | -2 | -26 | 0 | 6 | -32 | 2 | -38 | -13 | -27 | -2 | |
Table of figures
Tables
- Table 1. Percent and level differences (in thousands) between March 2020 benchmarks and estimates by data element for total nonfarm
- Table 2a. Revisions in job openings data January 2020 - December 2020, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2b. Revisions in hires data January 2020 - December 2020, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2c. Revisions in total separations data January 2020 - December 2020, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2d. Revisions in quits data January 2020 - December 2020, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2e. Revisions in layoffs and discharges data January 2020 - December 2020, seasonally adjusted
- Table 2f. Revisions in other separations data January 2020 - December 2020, seasonally adjusted
- Table 3a. Revisions to job openings by industry, March 2020, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3b. Revisions to hires by industry, March 2020, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3c. Revisions to total separations by industry, March 2020, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3d. Revisions to quits by industry, March 2020, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3e. Revisions to layoffs and discharges by industry, March 2020, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 3f. Revisions to other separations by industry, March 2020, seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4a. Revisions to job openings by industry, March 2020, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4b. Revisions to hires by industry, March 2020, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4c. Revisions to total separations by industry, March 2020, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4d. Revisions to quits by industry, March 2020, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4e. Revisions to layoffs and discharges by industry, March 2020, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 4f. Revisions to other separations by industry, March 2020, not seasonally adjusted (in thousands)
- Table 5. Percent and level differences (in thousands) between benchmarks and estimates by data element for total nonfarm March 2010 - March 2020, not seasonally adjusted
i Battista, Victoria and Shane Haley. “CES National Benchmark Article.” 5 February 2021. Current Employment Statistics – CES National. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 18 March 2021.
ii Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey. "Handbook of Methods." 13 Jul 2020. Publications. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Last Modified Date: March 18, 2022