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Area title | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
United States |
8.1 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
Birmingham, AL |
6.0 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ |
7.3 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
Tucson, AZ |
7.6 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
Fresno, CA |
11.6 | 9.2 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.9 |
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA |
11.4 | 8.2 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.4 |
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA |
9.9 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.2 |
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA |
8.7 | 6.3 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.7 |
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA |
9.2 | 6.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA |
8.3 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 |
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA |
7.4 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 4.2 |
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO |
6.9 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 4.2 |
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT |
7.9 | 6.5 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV |
6.4 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
Jacksonville, FL |
6.5 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.5 |
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL |
8.4 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 |
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL |
10.4 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 |
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL |
7.5 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.5 |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA |
6.8 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
Urban Honolulu, HI |
10.0 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.7 |
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN |
9.8 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 5.1 |
Indianapolis-Carmel-Greenwood, IN |
6.8 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.8 |
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN |
6.6 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.5 |
New Orleans-Metairie, LA |
10.6 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD |
6.4 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 3.1 |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH |
8.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI |
11.6 | 6.1 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.5 |
Grand Rapids-Wyoming-Kentwood, MI |
7.9 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 4.0 |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI |
6.4 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
Kansas City, MO-KS |
6.1 | 4.1 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.6 |
St. Louis, MO-IL(1) |
6.8 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.7 |
Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV |
15.5 | 7.8 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.8 |
Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY |
9.1 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 |
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ |
10.3 | 7.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
Rochester, NY |
7.8 | 5.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 |
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC |
7.2 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
Raleigh-Cary, NC |
6.2 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN |
7.0 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.2 |
Cleveland, OH |
9.7 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
Columbus, OH |
7.1 | 4.8 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.0 |
Oklahoma City, OK |
6.1 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
Tulsa, OK |
6.5 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA |
7.6 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD |
8.9 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
Pittsburgh, PA |
9.0 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA |
9.8 | 5.8 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.5 |
Memphis, TN-MS-AR |
8.7 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 4.1 |
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN |
7.1 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.8 |
Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX |
6.3 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX |
7.1 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 |
Houston-Pasadena-The Woodlands, TX |
8.5 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.4 |
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX |
7.3 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 |
Salt Lake City-Murray, UT |
5.3 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.2 |
Richmond, VA |
6.8 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 |
Virginia Beach-Chesapeake-Norfolk, VA-NC |
7.4 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA |
8.8 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI |
7.3 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.2 |
Footnotes |
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Note: Rates shown are a percentage of the labor force. Data refer to place of residence. |
Last Modified Date: April 18, 2025