Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

November 1988

Employment gains by minorities, women in large city government, 1976-83

Philip I. Moss

Minorities and white women made significant gains in upper-level city government employment over the 1976-83 period; however, their salaries continued to lag those of white men. This study ends at 1983 because the data on which it is based are confidential and a unique arrangement was required to obtain access to them. At the time this arrangement was made, 1983 was the most recent year for which data were available.

Download PDF »