About the Monthly Labor Review

Established in 1915, the Monthly Labor Review (MLR) is the principal journal of fact, analysis, and research from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), an agency within the U.S. Department of Labor. Economists, statisticians, and subject-matter experts author MLR articles about the economy, the labor force, employment and unemployment, inflation, spending, productivity, occupational injuries and illnesses, wages, prices, and more.

MLR (ISSN 1937-4658) articles are available in HTML format. Articles include a summary, links to author information, related content, and a suggested citation. Suggested citations include a digital object identifier (DOI). A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string used to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location. The International DOI Foundation assigns DOIs.

All text, charts, and tables are in the public domain and, with proper credit, may be reproduced without permission. Photographs are copyright protected and used by BLS under a subscription service with Shutterstock and Adobe Stock. Photographs may be reproduced with the copyright holder’s permission.

Links to non-BLS websites are provided for your convenience and do not represent an endorsement. The opinions, analysis, and conclusions in MLR articles are solely the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of BLS or the Department of Labor.

If you are interested in submitting an article for possible publication in the Monthly Labor Review, please see our for authors page. Questions or comments can be addressed to mlr@bls.gov.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services or the information voice phone at: (202) 691-5200.

MLR editorial staff

Emily Liddel, editor-in-chief
Karen Ransom, executive editor
Maureen Soyars, managing editor
Ryan Ansell, senior editor
Richard Hernandez
Justin Holt 
Lawrence H. Leith
Harry Nitzberg
John C. Roach 
Jonas Trostle
Jonathan Yoe