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From September 2023 to December 2023, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 7.8 million, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 7.5 million. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 344,000 jobs in the private sector during the fourth quarter of 2023.
Gross job gains and losses, and net employment change, private sector, fourth quarter 2013–fourth quarter 2023
Quarter
Net employment change
Gross job gains
Gross job losses
Q4 2013
700,000
7,255,000
6,555,000
Q1 2014
419,000
6,953,000
6,534,000
Q2 2014
895,000
7,454,000
6,559,000
Q3 2014
577,000
7,247,000
6,670,000
Q4 2014
1,038,000
7,617,000
6,579,000
Q1 2015
216,000
7,046,000
6,830,000
Q2 2015
849,000
7,580,000
6,731,000
Q3 2015
475,000
7,344,000
6,869,000
Q4 2015
944,000
7,817,000
6,873,000
Q1 2016
249,000
7,163,000
6,914,000
Q2 2016
318,000
7,443,000
7,125,000
Q3 2016
748,000
7,710,000
6,962,000
Q4 2016
308,000
7,413,000
7,105,000
Q1 2017
651,000
7,434,000
6,783,000
Q2 2017
526,000
7,639,000
7,113,000
Q3 2017
-39,000
7,321,000
7,360,000
Q4 2017
883,000
7,772,000
6,889,000
Q1 2018
683,000
7,494,000
6,811,000
Q2 2018
498,000
7,688,000
7,190,000
Q3 2018
86,000
7,485,000
7,399,000
Q4 2018
723,000
7,719,000
6,996,000
Q1 2019
494,000
7,460,000
6,966,000
Q2 2019
262,000
7,667,000
7,405,000
Q3 2019
60,000
7,383,000
7,323,000
Q4 2019
738,000
7,821,000
7,083,000
Q1 2020
-836,000
7,031,000
7,867,000
Q2 2020
-14,538,000
5,733,000
20,271,000
Q3 2020
4,003,000
10,846,000
6,843,000
Q4 2020
2,016,000
8,786,000
6,770,000
Q1 2021
1,791,000
8,324,000
6,533,000
Q2 2021
985,000
8,211,000
7,226,000
Q3 2021
1,463,000
8,862,000
7,399,000
Q4 2021
2,874,000
9,565,000
6,691,000
Q1 2022
1,575,000
8,553,000
6,978,000
Q2 2022
382,000
8,352,000
7,970,000
Q3 2022
1,341,000
8,841,000
7,500,000
Q4 2022
478,000
8,108,000
7,630,000
Q1 2023
976,000
8,041,000
7,065,000
Q2 2023
332,000
8,120,000
7,788,000
Q3 2023
-192,000
7,559,000
7,751,000
Q4 2023
344,000
7,823,000
7,479,000
Note: Data are seasonally adjusted.
From the third quarter of 2023 to the fourth quarter of 2023, the number of job gains increased by 264,000, and the number of job losses decreased by 272,000. In the third quarter of 2023, gross job gains were 7.6 million and gross job losses were 7.8 million, yielding a net employment decline of 192,000.
Gross job gains represented 5.9 percent of private-sector employment during the fourth quarter of 2023. Gross job losses represented 5.6 percent of private-sector employment.
United States Department of Labor
