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From 2007 through 2010—which includes the December 2007–June 2009 recession—employment in private-sector for-profit businesses declined by 8.1 percent. By contrast, employment in nonprofit organizations rose by 5.5 percent during the same period. Job losses during the recession were most pronounced in industries with relatively few nonprofits, such as construction and manufacturing. Job gains occurred in health care and social assistance, industries that have a large share of nonprofits.
Year | Number employed |
---|---|
2007 |
10,534,183 |
2008 |
10,837,928 |
2009 |
10,997,668 |
2010 |
11,111,096 |
2011 |
11,265,233 |
2012 |
11,426,870 |
2013 |
11,599,269 |
2014 |
11,746,589 |
2015 |
11,945,181 |
2016 |
12,245,030 |
2017 |
12,488,563 |
2018 |
12,701,364 |
2019 |
12,950,658 |
2020 |
12,370,232 |
2021 |
12,444,483 |
2022 |
12,766,057 |
From 2019 to 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began, job losses occurred in both for-profits and nonprofits. Employment fell by 6.9 percent in for-profit businesses, outpacing the over-the-year decline of 4.5 percent in nonprofits. The steepest employment decline occurred in accommodation and food services, a sector largely made up of for-profit businesses.
Year | Number employed |
---|---|
2007 |
103,478,038 |
2008 |
102,350,715 |
2009 |
95,949,436 |
2010 |
95,090,136 |
2011 |
96,919,562 |
2012 |
99,218,999 |
2013 |
101,359,065 |
2014 |
103,822,097 |
2015 |
106,362,536 |
2016 |
108,259,592 |
2017 |
109,898,002 |
2018 |
111,850,474 |
2019 |
113,408,085 |
2020 |
105,569,780 |
2021 |
110,272,169 |
2022 |
115,952,003 |
Between 2020 and 2022, employment rose more slowly among nonprofits than for-profits. In 2022, nonprofit employment was 1.4 percent lower than in 2019, as nonprofit-heavy industries such as other services recovered slowly from the March 2020–April 2020 recession. For-profit employment was 2.2 percent higher in 2022 than in 2019, reflecting strong job gains in transportation and warehousing; professional, scientific, and technical services; and other industries with relatively small shares of nonprofits.
These data are from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages and Business Employment Dynamics program. For more information about employment in nonprofit organizations, see "Research Data on the Nonprofit Sector." Recession dates determined by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, The Economics Daily, Nonprofit employment in 2022 was 1.4 percent below pre-pandemic level at https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2024/nonprofit-employment-in-2022-was-1-4-percent-below-pre-pandemic-level.htm (visited January 25, 2025).