From March 2021 to June 2021, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Maryland were 137,692, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 136,921, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Alexandra Hall Bovee noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 771 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2021. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 14,801. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2021, gross job gains represented 6.6 percent of private-sector employment in Maryland; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Maryland, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 110,307 in the second quarter of 2021, an increase of 956 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 27,385 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2021, an increase of 7,660 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2021, gross job losses represented 6.6 percent of private-sector employment in Maryland; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Maryland, contracting establishments lost 102,457 jobs in the second quarter of 2021, an increase of 11,467 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 34,464 jobs, an increase of 11,179 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 5 of the 11 industry sectors in Maryland in the second quarter of 2021. Leisure and hospitality had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 8,782 jobs. This was the result of 28,174 gross job gains and 19,392 gross job losses. The other services industry had a net gain of 1,099 jobs. Retail trade showed a net gain of 1,082 jobs. Maryland’s manufacturing industry had a net loss of 3,199 jobs, and the construction industry had a net loss of 3,017 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2021 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 27, 2022, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Maryland, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and job losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2020	Sept 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	June 2020	Sept 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	99,904	221,885	147,691	129,076	137,692	4.8	11.2	7.3	6.3	6.6
At expanding establishments	74,530	178,493	124,255	109,351	110,307	3.6	9.0	6.1	5.3	5.3
At opening establishments	25,374	43,392	23,436	19,725	27,385	1.2	2.2	1.2	1.0	1.3
Gross job losses	443,298	110,106	119,660	114,275	136,921	21.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.6
At contracting establishments	363,319	93,463	94,347	90,990	102,457	17.6	4.7	4.6	4.4	4.9
At closing establishments	79,979	16,643	25,313	23,285	34,464	3.9	0.8	1.2	1.1	1.7
Net employment change (2)	-343,394	111,779	28,031	14,801	771	-16.7	5.7	1.5	0.8	0.0
Construction
Gross job gains	8,690	12,160	11,522	9,864	9,345	5.3	7.6	7.1	6.0	5.8
At expanding establishments	6,492	9,726	9,532	8,344	7,551	4.0	6.1	5.9	5.1	4.7
At opening establishments	2,198	2,434	1,990	1,520	1,794	1.3	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.1
Gross job losses	18,326	10,414	9,711	9,997	12,362	11.2	6.6	6.1	6.2	7.7
At contracting establishments	14,825	8,981	7,624	8,113	9,827	9.1	5.7	4.8	5.0	6.1
At closing establishments	3,501	1,433	2,087	1,884	2,535	2.1	0.9	1.3	1.2	1.6
Net employment change (2)	-9,636	1,746	1,811	-133	-3,017	-5.9	1.0	1.0	-0.2	-1.9
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	2,467	4,613	5,264	4,056	3,472	2.3	4.3	4.9	3.7	3.1
At expanding establishments	2,027	4,033	4,754	3,713	2,984	1.9	3.8	4.4	3.4	2.7
At opening establishments	440	580	510	343	488	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.4
Gross job losses	8,529	3,199	3,421	3,604	6,671	7.8	3.0	3.2	3.3	6.1
At contracting establishments	7,161	2,887	3,018	3,085	5,759	6.5	2.7	2.8	2.8	5.3
At closing establishments	1,368	312	403	519	912	1.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-6,062	1,414	1,843	452	-3,199	-5.5	1.3	1.7	0.4	-3.0
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	2,756	4,792	4,334	3,607	3,909	3.4	6.1	5.4	4.5	4.8
At expanding establishments	2,126	3,864	3,677	3,031	3,175	2.6	4.9	4.6	3.8	3.9
At opening establishments	630	928	657	576	734	0.8	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.9
Gross job losses	10,633	3,967	3,245	3,429	3,833	12.8	5.0	4.1	4.3	4.7
At contracting establishments	8,459	3,027	2,295	2,494	2,912	10.2	3.8	2.9	3.1	3.6
At closing establishments	2,174	940	950	935	921	2.6	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-7,877	825	1,089	178	76	-9.4	1.1	1.3	0.2	0.1
Retail trade
Gross job gains	15,421	38,276	17,183	18,891	18,385	5.9	15.3	6.6	7.1	6.9
At expanding establishments	13,287	33,014	15,449	16,685	15,983	5.1	13.2	5.9	6.3	6.0
At opening establishments	2,134	5,262	1,734	2,206	2,402	0.8	2.1	0.7	0.8	0.9
Gross job losses	61,702	15,536	15,893	14,557	17,303	23.8	6.2	6.2	5.5	6.4
At contracting establishments	52,283	14,505	12,896	11,619	13,963	20.2	5.8	5.0	4.4	5.2
At closing establishments	9,419	1,031	2,997	2,938	3,340	3.6	0.4	1.2	1.1	1.2
Net employment change (2)	-46,281	22,740	1,290	4,334	1,082	-17.9	9.1	0.4	1.6	0.5
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	11,470	8,176	14,498	5,742	5,585	12.1	8.5	14.3	5.5	5.5
At expanding establishments	10,685	7,371	13,116	4,913	4,325	11.3	7.7	12.9	4.7	4.3
At opening establishments	785	805	1,382	829	1,260	0.8	0.8	1.4	0.8	1.2
Gross job losses	16,250	5,598	8,704	9,146	6,946	17.1	5.8	8.6	8.8	6.8
At contracting establishments	13,766	5,090	7,297	8,552	6,035	14.5	5.3	7.2	8.2	5.9
At closing establishments	2,484	508	1,407	594	911	2.6	0.5	1.4	0.6	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-4,780	2,578	5,794	-3,404	-1,361	-5.0	2.7	5.7	-3.3	-1.3
Information
Gross job gains	1,306	2,226	1,700	1,655	2,434	3.9	7.0	5.2	5.2	7.4
At expanding establishments	852	1,493	1,203	1,219	1,703	2.5	4.7	3.7	3.8	5.2
At opening establishments	454	733	497	436	731	1.4	2.3	1.5	1.4	2.2
Gross job losses	5,449	1,496	2,000	1,567	1,883	16.3	4.7	6.2	4.9	5.8
At contracting establishments	3,834	1,281	1,407	1,223	1,374	11.5	4.0	4.4	3.8	4.2
At closing establishments	1,615	215	593	344	509	4.8	0.7	1.8	1.1	1.6
Net employment change (2)	-4,143	730	-300	88	551	-12.4	2.3	-1.0	0.3	1.6
Financial activities
Gross job gains	5,510	7,208	7,699	5,802	6,284	4.2	5.6	6.0	4.5	4.9
At expanding establishments	3,832	5,657	5,781	4,424	4,732	2.9	4.4	4.5	3.4	3.7
At opening establishments	1,678	1,551	1,918	1,378	1,552	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.2
Gross job losses	11,981	6,564	6,493	5,779	7,277	9.2	5.1	5.0	4.5	5.6
At contracting establishments	9,656	4,999	4,813	4,276	4,900	7.4	3.9	3.7	3.3	3.8
At closing establishments	2,325	1,565	1,680	1,503	2,377	1.8	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.8
Net employment change (2)	-6,471	644	1,206	23	-993	-5.0	0.5	1.0	0.0	-0.7
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	24,616	39,129	35,270	30,692	33,349	5.6	9.0	8.0	6.8	7.4
At expanding establishments	17,719	28,954	29,575	25,662	25,804	4.0	6.7	6.7	5.7	5.7
At opening establishments	6,897	10,175	5,695	5,030	7,545	1.6	2.3	1.3	1.1	1.7
Gross job losses	57,347	28,264	26,076	26,002	34,420	12.9	6.5	5.8	5.8	7.6
At contracting establishments	44,301	23,513	20,154	19,863	24,344	10.0	5.4	4.5	4.4	5.4
At closing establishments	13,046	4,751	5,922	6,139	10,076	2.9	1.1	1.3	1.4	2.2
Net employment change (2)	-32,731	10,865	9,194	4,690	-1,071	-7.3	2.5	2.2	1.0	-0.2
Education and health services
Gross job gains	12,611	27,214	20,631	19,766	18,924	2.9	6.7	5.0	4.6	4.5
At expanding establishments	8,196	21,642	17,842	17,894	15,617	1.9	5.3	4.3	4.2	3.7
At opening establishments	4,415	5,572	2,789	1,872	3,307	1.0	1.4	0.7	0.4	0.8
Gross job losses	58,410	17,551	17,028	16,681	20,518	13.6	4.3	4.1	3.9	4.9
At contracting establishments	47,298	15,683	12,998	13,586	14,232	11.0	3.8	3.1	3.2	3.4
At closing establishments	11,112	1,868	4,030	3,095	6,286	2.6	0.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Net employment change (2)	-45,799	9,663	3,603	3,085	-1,594	-10.7	2.4	0.9	0.7	-0.4
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	10,623	66,363	23,270	22,206	28,174	4.8	34.7	11.0	10.3	12.6
At expanding establishments	6,615	55,470	18,625	18,756	23,478	3.0	29.0	8.8	8.7	10.5
At opening establishments	4,008	10,893	4,645	3,450	4,696	1.8	5.7	2.2	1.6	2.1
Gross job losses	172,165	11,571	21,237	18,475	19,392	77.3	6.1	10.0	8.6	8.7
At contracting establishments	145,464	9,126	17,423	14,403	14,749	65.3	4.8	8.2	6.7	6.6
At closing establishments	26,701	2,445	3,814	4,072	4,643	12.0	1.3	1.8	1.9	2.1
Net employment change (2)	-161,542	54,792	2,033	3,731	8,782	-72.5	28.6	1.0	1.7	3.9
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	3,496	10,738	5,408	4,736	6,195	4.7	15.5	7.5	6.6	8.5
At expanding establishments	1,949	6,511	3,964	3,741	4,025	2.6	9.4	5.5	5.2	5.5
At opening establishments	1,547	4,227	1,444	995	2,170	2.1	6.1	2.0	1.4	3.0
Gross job losses	21,234	5,021	4,801	4,277	5,096	28.6	7.3	6.7	5.9	6.9
At contracting establishments	15,185	3,534	3,463	3,188	3,448	20.5	5.1	4.8	4.4	4.7
At closing establishments	6,049	1,487	1,338	1,089	1,648	8.1	2.2	1.9	1.5	2.2
Net employment change (2)	-17,738	5,717	607	459	1,099	-23.9	8.2	0.8	0.7	1.6
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2020	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021	June 2020	Sept. 2020	Dec. 2020	Mar. 2021	June 2021
United States(1)	4.8	9.5	7.4	6.8	6.7	17.0	6.0	5.7	5.4	5.9
Alabama	4.7	7.8	7.6	5.9	6.2	12.6	5.9	5.5	5.9	6.0
Alaska	6.6	12.2	13.4	11.0	9.5	24.3	9.8	7.7	9.4	9.2
Arizona	5.8	7.8	7.3	6.3	6.8	11.8	6.1	5.0	5.5	6.0
Arkansas	4.8	7.6	7.2	5.9	5.5	12.1	5.7	5.2	5.1	5.6
California	5.3	8.9	8.5	7.7	7.8	18.6	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.4
Colorado	5.7	10.1	7.5	8.6	7.8	15.1	6.4	7.2	5.6	6.4
Connecticut	4.3	11.4	6.6	6.3	6.6	19.5	5.1	5.9	5.3	5.9
Delaware	4.9	10.3	6.8	6.8	6.4	17.0	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.4
District of Columbia	3.3	8.2	5.3	5.5	7.0	22.3	5.7	5.5	5.3	5.4
Florida	6.0	9.5	8.0	6.9	7.8	14.1	6.7	6.0	5.8	6.2
Georgia	5.3	9.3	7.9	6.7	6.9	14.9	6.5	5.2	5.7	6.2
Hawaii	3.6	7.5	14.7	8.5	10.7	30.3	12.2	4.6	5.9	5.6
Idaho	6.3	8.4	8.7	8.1	7.2	11.2	6.4	6.1	5.7	7.2
Illinois	4.5	9.7	6.5	7.2	6.0	18.2	5.6	6.1	4.9	5.6
Indiana	4.6	8.3	6.8	6.0	5.7	13.5	5.2	5.0	5.1	6.0
Iowa	4.4	7.5	6.8	6.1	6.0	13.0	5.5	5.1	5.4	6.0
Kansas	5.0	7.9	7.0	6.2	6.2	13.3	5.9	5.9	5.5	6.1
Kentucky	4.6	9.0	7.3	7.3	6.4	15.2	5.1	6.1	5.1	6.5
Louisiana	4.4	9.1	8.7	6.4	6.8	16.8	7.0	5.6	5.9	6.2
Maine	5.2	12.3	8.5	9.0	7.7	21.9	6.0	6.3	6.3	7.8
Maryland	4.8	11.2	7.3	6.3	6.6	21.5	5.5	5.8	5.5	6.6
Massachusetts	3.7	12.4	7.0	6.6	6.9	24.2	5.4	5.5	5.0	5.7
Michigan	4.0	10.9	6.7	8.5	6.2	20.5	4.8	6.9	4.9	5.6
Minnesota	4.2	9.0	6.9	9.2	6.1	17.6	5.4	6.8	4.9	5.5
Mississippi	5.0	8.7	8.0	5.6	6.4	12.9	5.5	4.9	6.6	6.5
Missouri	4.6	8.5	7.1	6.3	6.0	14.4	5.7	5.2	5.3	6.3
Montana	6.8	9.9	9.4	8.8	8.3	13.9	7.2	6.8	6.9	8.1
Nebraska	4.8	8.2	6.8	6.5	6.2	12.2	5.8	5.5	6.2	6.0
Nevada	5.3	12.9	8.8	7.3	9.5	29.5	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.7
New Hampshire	4.5	11.8	7.4	7.4	7.0	18.8	5.3	6.4	5.4	6.4
New Jersey	4.8	15.7	8.1	7.0	7.2	28.3	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.7
New Mexico	4.5	8.5	7.3	8.5	7.1	17.7	6.1	7.5	5.7	6.6
New York	3.9	13.3	7.4	6.9	7.1	26.9	5.9	6.3	5.4	5.7
North Carolina	4.9	8.7	7.9	6.6	6.4	14.6	5.6	5.0	5.4	5.8
North Dakota	5.3	8.9	7.2	7.8	6.9	17.1	6.9	7.1	6.5	6.5
Ohio	4.5	7.8	6.6	6.1	5.9	14.4	5.3	5.2	5.0	5.8
Oklahoma	5.5	7.1	7.9	6.1	6.5	12.3	6.6	5.8	6.1	6.0
Oregon	5.0	9.0	7.4	8.5	6.6	18.2	6.3	6.5	5.6	6.6
Pennsylvania	3.6	10.3	6.2	6.4	5.6	18.3	4.9	5.3	4.6	5.3
Rhode Island	4.5	13.0	7.6	9.8	7.0	25.1	5.3	7.1	5.5	6.4
South Carolina	5.0	8.8	8.0	6.2	6.3	14.6	5.9	5.2	6.1	6.5
South Dakota	5.1	8.6	7.2	7.3	6.8	11.5	5.5	6.2	6.0	5.8
Tennessee	4.4	8.1	7.5	5.6	5.9	13.9	5.5	4.6	5.0	5.8
Texas	4.7	7.3	7.6	5.7	6.7	13.8	6.1	4.8	5.0	5.4
Utah	6.6	9.1	8.1	7.1	6.9	10.9	6.3	5.6	6.1	6.0
Vermont	4.6	12.9	7.6	8.2	8.4	18.4	5.8	8.0	6.1	6.8
Virginia	4.6	10.4	7.0	6.0	6.2	18.3	5.4	5.3	5.4	6.0
Washington	4.8	8.9	7.2	7.9	6.7	17.4	6.3	6.1	5.4	5.8
West Virginia	5.1	8.9	7.4	7.2	6.5	14.1	6.9	6.2	5.8	6.4
Wisconsin	4.3	7.6	6.3	5.8	5.8	14.4	5.1	5.1	4.7	5.4
Wyoming	6.4	10.8	10.0	9.1	8.8	17.9	7.7	7.7	8.3	8.5
Puerto Rico	4.1	11.1	6.6	6.6	7.7	16.9	5.1	4.9	5.0	5.0
Virgin Islands	5.3	7.8	9.9	7.4	10.6	18.8	12.5	5.8	10.8	6.2
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.