From March 2022 to June 2022, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments in Maryland were 173,246, while gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments were 142,056, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Alexandra Hall Bovee noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment loss of 31,190 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 15,578. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.7 percent of private-sector employment in Maryland; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.4 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Maryland, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 103,967 in the second quarter of 2022, a decrease of 10,008 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 38,089 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 9,508 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 8.1 percent of private-sector employment in Maryland; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 6.7 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Maryland, contracting establishments lost 108,776 jobs in the second quarter of 2022, an increase of 5,968 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 64,470 jobs, an increase of 40,300 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job losses exceeded gross job gains in 10 of the 11 industry sectors in Maryland in the second quarter of 2022. Retail trade had the largest over-the-quarter net job loss, with a loss of 6,179 jobs. This was the result of 21,966 gross job losses and 15,787 gross job gains. The transportation and warehousing sector lost 5,918 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 26, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Maryland, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	137,955	158,616	154,823	142,556	142,056	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7
At expanding establishments	110,685	124,203	134,321	113,975	103,967	5.3	5.9	6.3	5.3	4.9
At opening establishments	27,270	34,413	20,502	28,581	38,089	1.3	1.6	1.0	1.3	1.8
Gross job losses	133,513	134,037	111,842	126,978	173,246	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1
At contracting establishments	102,706	111,346	90,996	102,808	108,776	5.0	5.3	4.3	4.8	5.1
At closing establishments	30,807	22,691	20,846	24,170	64,470	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.1	3.0
Net employment change (2)	4,442	24,579	42,981	15,578	-31,190	0.1	1.1	2.0	0.7	-1.4
Construction
Gross job gains	9,613	10,901	11,263	10,304	10,128	6.0	6.9	7.0	6.3	6.4
At expanding establishments	7,707	8,511	9,696	8,304	8,080	4.8	5.4	6.0	5.1	5.1
At opening establishments	1,906	2,390	1,567	2,000	2,048	1.2	1.5	1.0	1.2	1.3
Gross job losses	12,086	10,910	8,984	9,439	14,303	7.5	6.8	5.6	5.8	8.9
At contracting establishments	9,785	9,275	7,339	7,533	8,680	6.1	5.8	4.6	4.6	5.4
At closing establishments	2,301	1,635	1,645	1,906	5,623	1.4	1.0	1.0	1.2	3.5
Net employment change (2)	-2,473	-9	2,279	865	-4,175	-1.5	0.1	1.4	0.5	-2.5
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	3,563	3,875	4,811	3,749	4,852	3.3	3.6	4.4	3.3	4.4
At expanding establishments	3,031	3,155	4,371	3,377	3,568	2.8	2.9	4.0	3.0	3.2
At opening establishments	532	720	440	372	1,284	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.3	1.2
Gross job losses	6,499	3,170	2,824	3,602	5,765	5.9	2.9	2.6	3.2	5.2
At contracting establishments	5,798	2,731	2,365	2,902	2,667	5.3	2.5	2.2	2.6	2.4
At closing establishments	701	439	459	700	3,098	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.6	2.8
Net employment change (2)	-2,936	705	1,987	147	-913	-2.6	0.7	1.8	0.1	-0.8
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	4,083	4,156	5,427	4,643	4,562	5.1	5.1	6.7	5.6	5.4
At expanding establishments	3,291	3,404	4,712	3,755	3,652	4.1	4.2	5.8	4.5	4.3
At opening establishments	792	752	715	888	910	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.1	1.1
Gross job losses	3,961	4,298	3,166	2,862	5,151	5.0	5.3	3.9	3.5	6.1
At contracting establishments	2,953	3,222	2,436	2,230	3,092	3.7	4.0	3.0	2.7	3.7
At closing establishments	1,008	1,076	730	632	2,059	1.3	1.3	0.9	0.8	2.4
Net employment change (2)	122	-142	2,261	1,781	-589	0.1	-0.2	2.8	2.1	-0.7
Retail trade
Gross job gains	18,432	15,953	15,825	17,448	15,787	6.8	6.0	5.9	6.5	5.8
At expanding establishments	15,894	13,851	14,163	15,299	12,784	5.9	5.2	5.3	5.7	4.7
At opening establishments	2,538	2,102	1,662	2,149	3,003	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.8	1.1
Gross job losses	17,367	19,464	14,763	13,622	21,966	6.4	7.3	5.5	5.1	8.2
At contracting establishments	14,104	16,997	13,057	11,539	16,366	5.2	6.4	4.9	4.3	6.1
At closing establishments	3,263	2,467	1,706	2,083	5,600	1.2	0.9	0.6	0.8	2.1
Net employment change (2)	1,065	-3,511	1,062	3,826	-6,179	0.4	-1.3	0.4	1.4	-2.4
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	5,815	14,007	12,239	5,164	4,611	5.7	13.5	11.1	4.5	4.3
At expanding establishments	4,415	13,028	11,426	4,230	3,971	4.3	12.6	10.4	3.7	3.7
At opening establishments	1,400	979	813	934	640	1.4	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.6
Gross job losses	7,676	10,065	3,827	8,276	10,529	7.5	9.7	3.4	7.3	9.6
At contracting establishments	6,210	9,627	3,447	7,813	8,411	6.1	9.3	3.1	6.9	7.7
At closing establishments	1,466	438	380	463	2,118	1.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	1.9
Net employment change (2)	-1,861	3,942	8,412	-3,112	-5,918	-1.8	3.8	7.7	-2.8	-5.3
Information
Gross job gains	2,502	3,169	2,532	2,833	2,812	7.7	9.4	7.3	7.9	8.1
At expanding establishments	1,726	2,390	2,069	1,853	1,880	5.3	7.1	6.0	5.2	5.4
At opening establishments	776	779	463	980	932	2.4	2.3	1.3	2.7	2.7
Gross job losses	1,815	1,831	1,779	1,774	2,889	5.5	5.4	5.2	5.0	8.3
At contracting establishments	1,410	1,417	1,413	1,429	1,636	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.7
At closing establishments	405	414	366	345	1,253	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.0	3.6
Net employment change (2)	687	1,338	753	1,059	-77	2.2	4.0	2.1	2.9	-0.2
Financial activities
Gross job gains	6,116	8,022	7,226	7,155	7,698	4.7	6.2	5.6	5.6	6.1
At expanding establishments	4,707	5,817	5,659	5,368	5,180	3.6	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.1
At opening establishments	1,409	2,205	1,567	1,787	2,518	1.1	1.7	1.2	1.4	2.0
Gross job losses	7,180	7,802	6,432	7,029	10,003	5.6	6.1	5.0	5.5	8.0
At contracting establishments	5,038	5,651	5,151	5,115	5,753	3.9	4.4	4.0	4.0	4.6
At closing establishments	2,142	2,151	1,281	1,914	4,250	1.7	1.7	1.0	1.5	3.4
Net employment change (2)	-1,064	220	794	126	-2,305	-0.9	0.1	0.6	0.1	-1.9
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	33,863	36,991	37,776	37,142	36,834	7.4	8.1	8.1	7.8	7.8
At expanding establishments	26,127	26,594	32,572	29,418	24,972	5.7	5.8	7.0	6.2	5.3
At opening establishments	7,736	10,397	5,204	7,724	11,862	1.7	2.3	1.1	1.6	2.5
Gross job losses	32,109	31,943	26,794	31,932	42,110	7.0	6.9	5.8	6.8	9.0
At contracting establishments	24,175	25,404	20,963	25,311	25,624	5.3	5.5	4.5	5.4	5.5
At closing establishments	7,934	6,539	5,831	6,621	16,486	1.7	1.4	1.3	1.4	3.5
Net employment change (2)	1,754	5,048	10,982	5,210	-5,276	0.4	1.2	2.3	1.0	-1.2
Education and health services
Gross job gains	17,767	20,435	21,454	19,611	23,924	4.2	4.8	5.0	4.6	5.7
At expanding establishments	15,186	15,992	18,957	16,286	16,339	3.6	3.8	4.4	3.8	3.9
At opening establishments	2,581	4,443	2,497	3,325	7,585	0.6	1.0	0.6	0.8	1.8
Gross job losses	19,577	19,109	16,648	20,180	23,921	4.6	4.6	3.9	4.7	5.7
At contracting establishments	14,329	15,905	13,681	16,342	14,848	3.4	3.8	3.2	3.8	3.5
At closing establishments	5,248	3,204	2,967	3,838	9,073	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.9	2.2
Net employment change (2)	-1,810	1,326	4,806	-569	3	-0.4	0.2	1.1	-0.1	0.0
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	28,804	32,431	28,972	27,014	23,054	12.9	13.8	11.8	10.8	9.3
At expanding establishments	23,699	25,507	24,694	20,680	18,126	10.6	10.9	10.1	8.3	7.3
At opening establishments	5,105	6,924	4,278	6,334	4,928	2.3	2.9	1.7	2.5	2.0
Gross job losses	19,310	19,549	20,381	21,965	27,850	8.7	8.3	8.3	8.8	11.2
At contracting establishments	14,654	16,507	16,417	17,828	17,201	6.6	7.0	6.7	7.1	6.9
At closing establishments	4,656	3,042	3,964	4,137	10,649	2.1	1.3	1.6	1.7	4.3
Net employment change (2)	9,494	12,882	8,591	5,049	-4,796	4.2	5.5	3.5	2.0	-1.9
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	6,287	6,882	5,898	5,886	6,582	8.6	9.2	7.6	7.6	8.5
At expanding establishments	4,100	4,866	4,789	4,279	4,400	5.6	6.5	6.2	5.5	5.7
At opening establishments	2,187	2,016	1,109	1,607	2,182	3.0	2.7	1.4	2.1	2.8
Gross job losses	4,910	4,689	4,663	5,030	7,245	6.7	6.2	6.0	6.5	9.4
At contracting establishments	3,458	3,618	3,330	3,722	3,528	4.7	4.8	4.3	4.8	4.6
At closing establishments	1,452	1,071	1,333	1,308	3,717	2.0	1.4	1.7	1.7	4.8
Net employment change (2)	1,377	2,193	1,235	856	-663	1.9	3.0	1.6	1.1	-0.9
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	June 2021	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022
United States(1)	6.8	7.3	7.7	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.1	5.4	5.4	6.7
Alabama	6.3	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6	6.0	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0
Alaska	9.5	10.5	11.8	10.1	10.1	9.3	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.6
Arizona	6.8	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.7	5.9	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.3
Arkansas	5.8	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.6	5.7	6.7	4.8	5.4	6.0
California	7.8	7.8	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.2
Colorado	7.8	8.0	7.6	7.5	7.3	6.4	7.0	6.1	6.3	6.7
Connecticut	6.7	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.3	5.8	6.0	5.3	5.3	6.5
Delaware	6.8	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.5	6.5	7.2	6.0	5.6	8.2
District of Columbia	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.0	6.0	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.9	6.8
Florida	7.8	9.0	7.7	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.9
Georgia	7.0	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.6	6.2	6.2	5.5	5.7	6.7
Hawaii	10.7	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	5.5	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9
Idaho	7.2	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.1	7.2	7.3	6.3	6.2	9.1
Illinois	6.2	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.9	5.5	6.0	4.9	5.0	5.9
Indiana	5.7	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8
Iowa	6.0	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	6.0	6.1	5.4	5.3	6.7
Kansas	6.2	6.6	7.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.5	5.3	5.4	7.5
Kentucky	6.5	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.4	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7
Louisiana	6.9	6.9	9.6	6.5	6.6	6.1	8.5	5.8	7.1	7.3
Maine	7.5	7.8	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.7	7.8	6.9	6.1	8.1
Maryland	6.6	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1
Massachusetts	6.9	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.1	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.4
Michigan	6.3	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.6	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5
Minnesota	6.1	6.4	7.3	6.0	6.6	5.6	6.7	5.2	5.4	7.1
Mississippi	6.5	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	6.6	6.1	5.7	6.0	7.0
Missouri	6.1	6.7	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.1	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.9
Montana	8.5	8.5	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.1	8.3	7.2	8.5	9.4
Nebraska	6.2	6.3	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.0	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.6
Nevada	9.4	8.9	8.3	6.8	6.9	5.7	5.7	4.8	5.2	6.7
New Hampshire	7.0	7.0	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.3	6.8	6.4	5.4	7.9
New Jersey	7.1	7.5	8.7	7.1	6.5	5.7	6.1	5.4	5.5	6.3
New Mexico	7.4	8.2	8.2	7.4	6.5	6.6	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1
New York	7.1	7.5	7.7	6.7	7.1	5.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	6.6
North Carolina	6.4	6.8	8.1	6.5	6.3	5.8	6.4	5.0	5.3	6.2
North Dakota	6.9	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.8	6.5	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7
Ohio	5.9	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3
Oklahoma	6.6	7.1	7.6	6.3	6.4	6.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2
Oregon	6.6	7.1	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.6	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1
Pennsylvania	5.7	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.5	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.6
Rhode Island	7.0	7.6	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.7	7.3
South Carolina	6.3	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.4	6.4	6.0	5.3	6.2	6.9
South Dakota	6.8	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6	5.8	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.8
Tennessee	6.1	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.3	6.0	5.4	5.6	4.7	6.4
Texas	6.8	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.5	5.6	5.5	4.8	5.4	6.1
Utah	7.0	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.0	6.1	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.8
Vermont	8.4	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.0	7.7	6.9	6.3	8.4
Virginia	6.4	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	6.1	6.0	5.3	5.8	7.0
Washington	6.7	7.3	7.8	7.3	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1
West Virginia	6.6	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.6	6.5	6.0	5.9	7.9
Wisconsin	5.8	5.5	6.6	6.5	5.9	5.3	5.8	5.2	4.8	6.8
Wyoming	8.8	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.4	8.4	8.4	7.8	8.3	9.1
Puerto Rico	7.8	8.5	6.4	7.0	6.5	5.0	5.1	5.5	4.9	6.1
Virgin Islands	11.0	7.5	8.0	6.9	8.8	5.8	8.5	9.5	10.3	12.6
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.