From March 2023 to June 2023, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in the District of Columbia were 28,166, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 28,001, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Alexandra Hall Bovee noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 165 jobs in the private sector during the second quarter of 2023. During the previous quarter, gross job gains exceeded gross job losses by 6,046. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the second quarter of 2023, gross job gains represented 5.4 percent of private-sector employment in the District of Columbia; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.2 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In the District of Columbia, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 22,984 in the second quarter of 2023, a decrease of 1,890 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 5,182 jobs gained in the second quarter of 2023, a decrease of 740 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the second quarter of 2023, gross job losses represented 5.3 percent of private-sector employment in the District of Columbia; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.9 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In the District of Columbia, contracting establishments lost 23,037 jobs in the second quarter of 2023, an increase of 3,916 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 4,964 jobs, a decrease of 665 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 3 of the 5 published industry sectors in the District of Columbia in the second quarter of 2023. Leisure and hospitality had a net gain of 787 jobs. This was the result of 6,120 gross job gains and 5,333 gross job losses. The education and health services industry had a net gain of 527 jobs. Professional and business services showed a net loss of 431 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. This was the result of 9,462 gross job gains and 9,893 gross job losses.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Third Quarter 2023 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, April 24, 2024.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records.

More information on formal definitions of the data used in this release, along with coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the Business Employment Dynamics Technical Note.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, District of Columbia, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	30,564	36,573	28,958	30,796	28,166	6.1	7.2	5.6	5.9	5.4
At expanding establishments	24,218	26,559	23,443	24,874	22,984	4.8	5.2	4.5	4.8	4.4
At opening establishments	6,346	10,014	5,515	5,922	5,182	1.3	2.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
Gross job losses	31,882	25,579	28,671	24,750	28,001	6.3	5.0	5.5	4.8	5.3
At contracting establishments	23,643	21,097	21,803	19,121	23,037	4.7	4.1	4.2	3.7	4.4
At closing establishments	8,239	4,482	6,868	5,629	4,964	1.6	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9
Net employment change (2)	-1,318	10,994	287	6,046	165	-0.2	2.2	0.1	1.1	0.1
Financial activities
Gross job gains	1,459	1,739	1,294	1,169	1,207	5.5	6.7	5.1	4.6	4.8
At expanding establishments	1,050	1,208	1,012	897	906	4.0	4.7	4.0	3.5	3.6
At opening establishments	409	531	282	272	301	1.5	2.0	1.1	1.1	1.2
Gross job losses	1,452	2,549	1,348	1,287	961	5.5	9.8	5.3	5.1	3.7
At contracting establishments	1,046	2,252	955	935	751	4.0	8.7	3.8	3.7	2.9
At closing establishments	406	297	393	352	210	1.5	1.1	1.5	1.4	0.8
Net employment change (2)	7	-810	-54	-118	246	0.0	-3.1	-0.2	-0.5	1.1
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	10,577	13,169	9,746	10,569	9,462	6.1	7.6	5.5	6.0	5.3
At expanding establishments	8,187	8,644	7,904	8,422	7,827	4.7	5.0	4.5	4.8	4.4
At opening establishments	2,390	4,525	1,842	2,147	1,635	1.4	2.6	1.0	1.2	0.9
Gross job losses	11,680	8,706	10,717	9,490	9,893	6.7	5.0	6.1	5.3	5.6
At contracting establishments	8,184	6,906	7,894	7,310	7,870	4.7	4.0	4.5	4.1	4.5
At closing establishments	3,496	1,800	2,823	2,180	2,023	2.0	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.1
Net employment change (2)	-1,103	4,463	-971	1,079	-431	-0.6	2.6	-0.6	0.7	-0.3
Education and health services
Gross job gains	3,583	4,560	4,160	5,348	4,482	3.3	4.1	3.7	4.8	3.9
At expanding establishments	2,845	3,459	3,443	4,424	3,305	2.6	3.1	3.1	4.0	2.9
At opening establishments	738	1,101	717	924	1,177	0.7	1.0	0.6	0.8	1.0
Gross job losses	5,536	3,721	3,731	2,945	3,955	5.0	3.4	3.3	2.7	3.5
At contracting establishments	4,287	3,215	2,816	1,761	3,361	3.9	2.9	2.5	1.6	3.0
At closing establishments	1,249	506	915	1,184	594	1.1	0.5	0.8	1.1	0.5
Net employment change (2)	-1,953	839	429	2,403	527	-1.7	0.7	0.4	2.1	0.4
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	8,014	7,491	6,595	6,356	6,120	12.3	10.8	9.1	8.6	8.1
At expanding establishments	6,522	5,904	5,239	5,205	5,182	10.0	8.5	7.2	7.0	6.9
At opening establishments	1,492	1,587	1,356	1,151	938	2.3	2.3	1.9	1.6	1.2
Gross job losses	4,127	3,823	4,828	4,034	5,333	6.4	5.5	6.6	5.4	7.1
At contracting establishments	3,175	3,277	3,715	3,344	4,602	4.9	4.7	5.1	4.5	6.1
At closing establishments	952	546	1,113	690	731	1.5	0.8	1.5	0.9	1.0
Net employment change (2)	3,887	3,668	1,767	2,322	787	5.9	5.3	2.5	3.2	1.0
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	2,578	3,695	2,469	2,693	2,598	4.0	5.7	3.8	4.1	4.0
At expanding establishments	2,183	2,761	2,000	2,365	2,278	3.4	4.3	3.1	3.6	3.5
At opening establishments	395	934	469	328	320	0.6	1.4	0.7	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	3,702	2,270	2,737	2,447	2,680	5.8	3.5	4.2	3.8	4.1
At contracting establishments	2,765	1,688	2,176	2,058	2,216	4.3	2.6	3.3	3.2	3.4
At closing establishments	937	582	561	389	464	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.7
Net employment change (2)	-1,124	1,425	-268	246	-82	-1.8	2.2	-0.4	0.3	-0.1
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Dec. 2022	Mar. 2023	June 2023
United States(1)	6.6	6.9	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.4	5.9
Alabama	6.6	6.9	6.6	6.4	5.9	6.2	5.9	6.1	5.5	5.7
Alaska	10.2	8.5	10.9	10.4	11.0	9.0	10.4	9.2	8.0	8.9
Arizona	6.5	7.1	6.6	5.9	7.0	6.3	5.5	6.0	5.4	6.5
Arkansas	6.1	6.5	6.2	5.8	5.8	5.5	5.2	5.2	5.0	6.0
California	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.1	6.7	6.7	6.2	6.6	6.4	6.4
Colorado	7.3	7.0	7.6	7.2	7.3	6.6	7.1	6.9	6.5	6.6
Connecticut	6.4	6.3	5.9	6.1	6.4	6.3	6.2	5.9	5.3	5.7
Delaware	6.5	8.6	7.0	6.7	6.0	6.9	6.2	7.5	5.2	5.7
District of Columbia	6.1	7.2	5.6	5.9	5.4	6.3	5.0	5.5	4.8	5.3
Florida	7.5	7.8	6.2	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.6	6.0	5.6	5.8
Georgia	6.8	7.1	6.7	6.2	6.4	6.2	5.9	5.9	5.8	6.5
Hawaii	6.0	6.4	6.0	5.5	5.7	5.5	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.2
Idaho	7.1	7.8	8.4	7.9	7.9	8.4	7.5	6.9	7.5	7.5
Illinois	5.9	5.8	5.4	5.8	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.1	4.8	5.3
Indiana	5.7	6.4	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.0	6.1
Iowa	5.9	5.9	6.4	6.0	6.0	6.2	5.9	6.2	5.4	5.9
Kansas	6.5	7.4	6.3	6.1	6.1	7.1	5.5	5.6	5.4	6.0
Kentucky	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.1	5.6	6.5	5.4	5.3	4.9	5.9
Louisiana	6.7	6.9	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.4	5.7	6.2	5.6	6.4
Maine	7.2	7.6	7.4	7.7	7.6	8.0	7.3	6.8	6.2	7.6
Maryland	6.5	7.4	6.6	6.8	6.7	6.9	6.0	6.9	5.6	6.3
Massachusetts	6.1	6.2	5.5	5.8	5.9	5.5	6.1	5.8	4.7	5.7
Michigan	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.2	4.9	5.3
Minnesota	6.4	6.5	5.9	5.7	6.0	6.4	5.9	5.8	4.9	5.6
Mississippi	6.6	7.2	6.8	6.1	6.3	6.7	6.3	6.2	5.7	6.6
Missouri	6.2	6.8	6.1	6.5	5.9	5.9	6.3	5.8	5.1	5.9
Montana	8.2	8.7	9.2	8.7	7.8	9.1	7.8	7.8	7.1	8.4
Nebraska	6.4	7.1	6.0	6.3	6.0	6.5	6.1	5.7	5.1	5.6
Nevada	6.9	7.4	6.4	6.2	6.6	5.7	5.8	6.1	5.7	6.0
New Hampshire	6.7	6.9	6.7	7.0	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.0	5.9	6.3
New Jersey	6.6	6.8	6.8	6.1	6.8	6.2	6.4	5.9	5.7	5.9
New Mexico	6.7	8.0	6.7	6.8	6.4	7.1	5.9	6.2	5.9	6.2
New York	7.1	6.6	5.9	6.5	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.0	5.1	5.7
North Carolina	6.4	6.7	6.6	6.4	6.1	6.1	5.8	5.7	5.3	5.7
North Dakota	6.9	7.6	6.4	7.6	6.9	6.5	6.3	6.7	5.6	6.7
Ohio	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.8	5.6	5.9	5.5	5.7	4.9	5.7
Oklahoma	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.2	6.1	5.6	5.9	5.3	6.0
Oregon	6.0	6.7	6.5	7.3	6.4	7.0	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.9
Pennsylvania	5.5	6.1	5.5	5.5	5.2	5.6	5.1	5.2	4.6	5.5
Rhode Island	7.1	6.7	6.9	7.5	6.7	6.7	7.3	6.4	5.9	7.0
South Carolina	6.6	7.3	6.9	6.8	6.4	6.2	5.6	6.2	5.8	6.8
South Dakota	6.6	7.3	6.5	7.2	6.8	6.5	6.4	6.5	5.9	6.2
Tennessee	6.2	7.0	5.8	5.9	5.9	6.2	5.5	5.6	5.0	5.5
Texas	6.6	7.2	6.2	5.9	5.8	5.8	5.3	5.3	5.0	5.4
Utah	7.0	7.5	6.9	7.0	6.8	6.6	6.8	6.6	6.2	6.2
Vermont	7.5	7.2	7.8	8.2	7.4	7.6	7.8	7.0	6.0	7.5
Virginia	6.5	7.5	6.2	6.2	6.0	6.7	6.1	5.8	5.2	5.8
Washington	7.0	7.2	5.9	6.4	6.0	7.2	6.3	5.3	5.5	5.6
West Virginia	6.7	8.1	6.6	7.1	6.1	8.0	6.9	6.4	5.3	6.1
Wisconsin	6.0	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.8	5.5	4.9	5.9
Wyoming	8.4	9.2	9.2	8.9	8.4	9.2	8.4	7.9	7.8	8.7
Puerto Rico	6.7	6.2	6.6	5.1	5.8	6.1	5.3	6.1	5.7	4.9
Virgin Islands	8.0	8.5	5.9	7.5	7.4	9.2	5.5	4.7	6.5	6.8
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.