Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

News Release Information

23-922-PHI
Monday, May 01, 2023

Contacts Technical information: Media contact:

Business Employment Dynamics in Pennsylvania — Third Quarter 2022

From June 2022 to September 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Pennsylvania were 314,901, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 269,585, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Alexandra Hall Bovee noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 45,316 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 9,409. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 6.1 percent of private-sector employment in Pennsylvania; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Pennsylvania, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 269,764 in the third quarter of 2022, an increase of 27,402 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 45,137 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2022, an increase of 4,561 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 5.2 percent of private-sector employment in Pennsylvania; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Pennsylvania, contracting establishments lost 229,382 jobs in the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of 25,775 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 40,203 jobs, an increase of 3,013 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 9 of the 11 industry sectors in Pennsylvania in the third quarter of 2022. Education and health services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 20,070 jobs. This was the result of 56,458 gross job gains and 36,388 gross job losses. The professional and business services industry had a net gain of 7,310 jobs. The leisure and hospitality industry had a net gain of 6,382 jobs. Construction showed a net loss of 2,674 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state. Pennsylvania’s retail trade industry sector had a net loss of 925 jobs.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 26, 2023.


Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Pennsylvania, seasonally adjusted
Category Gross job gains and losses
(3 months ended)
Gross job gains and losses
as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
2021
Dec.
2021
Mar.
2022
June
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Dec.
2021
Mar.
2022
June
2022
Sept.
2022

Total private (1)

Gross job gains

313,381 345,124 324,890 282,938 314,901 6.3 6.8 6.3 5.5 6.1

At expanding establishments

262,740 300,974 283,851 242,362 269,764 5.3 5.9 5.5 4.7 5.2

At opening establishments

50,641 44,150 41,039 40,576 45,137 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9

Gross job losses

253,645 243,523 251,630 292,347 269,585 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.6 5.2

At contracting establishments

221,945 211,552 209,215 255,157 229,382 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.9 4.4

At closing establishments

31,700 31,971 42,415 37,190 40,203 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8

Net employment change (2)

59,736 101,601 73,260 -9,409 45,316 1.3 2.0 1.4 -0.1 0.9

Construction

Gross job gains

20,293 24,291 23,991 20,625 19,319 8.1 9.6 9.1 7.8 7.5

At expanding establishments

15,957 20,064 19,881 17,385 15,878 6.4 7.9 7.5 6.6 6.2

At opening establishments

4,336 4,227 4,110 3,240 3,441 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.3

Gross job losses

20,297 19,584 20,874 23,191 21,993 8.1 7.6 7.9 8.9 8.6

At contracting establishments

17,353 16,940 16,959 19,896 18,092 6.9 6.6 6.4 7.6 7.1

At closing establishments

2,944 2,644 3,915 3,295 3,901 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.5

Net employment change (2)

-4 4,707 3,117 -2,566 -2,674 0.0 2.0 1.2 -1.1 -1.1

Manufacturing

Gross job gains

18,701 22,284 21,435 17,199 17,759 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.0 3.2

At expanding establishments

17,501 21,239 20,027 15,836 16,894 3.2 3.9 3.6 2.8 3.0

At opening establishments

1,200 1,045 1,408 1,363 865 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Gross job losses

15,409 13,361 12,897 16,429 16,802 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.9

At contracting establishments

14,388 12,194 11,299 15,216 15,420 2.7 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.7

At closing establishments

1,021 1,167 1,598 1,213 1,382 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Net employment change (2)

3,292 8,923 8,538 770 957 0.5 1.7 1.6 0.1 0.3

Wholesale trade

Gross job gains

10,336 10,809 9,935 9,344 10,716 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.4 5.0

At expanding establishments

8,777 9,484 8,650 8,069 8,903 4.3 4.6 4.1 3.8 4.2

At opening establishments

1,559 1,325 1,285 1,275 1,813 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8

Gross job losses

7,572 6,697 7,221 8,699 7,568 3.7 3.2 3.5 4.1 3.5

At contracting establishments

6,246 5,587 5,583 7,072 6,194 3.1 2.7 2.7 3.3 2.9

At closing establishments

1,326 1,110 1,638 1,627 1,374 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6

Net employment change (2)

2,764 4,112 2,714 645 3,148 1.4 2.0 1.2 0.3 1.5

Retail trade

Gross job gains

35,142 34,194 39,527 31,237 33,963 5.9 5.8 6.6 5.2 5.7

At expanding establishments

30,272 30,340 35,660 27,522 29,427 5.1 5.1 6.0 4.6 4.9

At opening establishments

4,870 3,854 3,867 3,715 4,536 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8

Gross job losses

37,152 30,834 26,659 38,638 34,888 6.3 5.2 4.4 6.4 5.8

At contracting establishments

34,823 27,370 23,598 35,272 31,713 5.9 4.6 3.9 5.8 5.3

At closing establishments

2,329 3,464 3,061 3,366 3,175 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5

Net employment change (2)

-2,010 3,360 12,868 -7,401 -925 -0.4 0.6 2.2 -1.2 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing

Gross job gains

19,752 29,633 17,937 14,218 18,215 7.1 10.1 5.9 4.8 6.1

At expanding establishments

17,257 27,885 16,037 12,777 16,858 6.2 9.5 5.3 4.3 5.6

At opening establishments

2,495 1,748 1,900 1,441 1,357 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

Gross job losses

11,681 11,731 18,289 20,754 15,582 4.2 4.0 6.0 6.9 5.2

At contracting establishments

10,852 10,778 16,741 19,326 14,304 3.9 3.7 5.5 6.4 4.8

At closing establishments

829 953 1,548 1,428 1,278 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4

Net employment change (2)

8,071 17,902 -352 -6,536 2,633 2.9 6.1 -0.1 -2.1 0.9

Information

Gross job gains

9,344 8,947 6,059 5,673 6,059 10.8 10.0 6.6 6.1 6.4

At expanding establishments

6,943 7,864 5,050 4,643 4,520 8.0 8.8 5.5 5.0 4.8

At opening establishments

2,401 1,083 1,009 1,030 1,539 2.8 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.6

Gross job losses

4,520 8,393 4,865 4,965 4,275 5.1 9.3 5.3 5.4 4.5

At contracting establishments

3,785 7,743 4,107 3,923 3,327 4.3 8.6 4.5 4.3 3.5

At closing establishments

735 650 758 1,042 948 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0

Net employment change (2)

4,824 554 1,194 708 1,784 5.7 0.7 1.3 0.7 1.9

Financial activities

Gross job gains

13,867 14,143 18,357 15,968 16,385 4.2 4.3 5.6 4.7 4.9

At expanding establishments

11,128 11,703 16,392 13,800 13,664 3.4 3.6 5.0 4.1 4.1

At opening establishments

2,739 2,440 1,965 2,168 2,721 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8

Gross job losses

13,007 15,462 12,762 15,057 13,942 4.0 4.7 3.9 4.5 4.2

At contracting establishments

11,075 13,719 9,951 12,654 11,665 3.4 4.2 3.0 3.8 3.5

At closing establishments

1,932 1,743 2,811 2,403 2,277 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7

Net employment change (2)

860 -1,319 5,595 911 2,443 0.2 -0.4 1.7 0.2 0.7

Professional and business services

Gross job gains

56,636 66,412 59,498 52,466 58,613 7.1 8.1 7.1 6.2 7.0

At expanding establishments

45,682 56,415 50,394 43,159 47,724 5.7 6.9 6.0 5.1 5.7

At opening establishments

10,954 9,997 9,104 9,307 10,889 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3

Gross job losses

44,492 42,448 48,192 55,715 51,303 5.6 5.2 5.8 6.6 6.1

At contracting establishments

36,600 35,143 38,032 47,251 41,466 4.6 4.3 4.6 5.6 4.9

At closing establishments

7,892 7,305 10,160 8,464 9,837 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2

Net employment change (2)

12,144 23,964 11,306 -3,249 7,310 1.5 2.9 1.3 -0.4 0.9

Education and health services

Gross job gains

42,766 50,658 48,472 46,039 56,458 3.6 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.7

At expanding establishments

37,834 45,049 44,078 41,436 51,549 3.2 3.8 3.7 3.5 4.3

At opening establishments

4,932 5,609 4,394 4,603 4,909 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Gross job losses

42,238 38,036 40,252 43,014 36,388 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.1

At contracting establishments

38,068 34,006 34,169 37,451 30,905 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.6

At closing establishments

4,170 4,030 6,083 5,563 5,483 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5

Net employment change (2)

528 12,622 8,220 3,025 20,070 0.0 1.1 0.7 0.3 1.6

Leisure and hospitality

Gross job gains

67,261 64,000 61,642 52,654 57,214 13.9 12.6 11.7 9.9 10.7

At expanding establishments

55,793 54,390 52,517 43,195 47,753 11.5 10.7 10.0 8.1 8.9

At opening establishments

11,468 9,610 9,125 9,459 9,461 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8

Gross job losses

42,884 42,166 43,889 49,996 50,832 8.9 8.4 8.4 9.3 9.5

At contracting establishments

37,156 35,788 36,148 44,066 43,446 7.7 7.1 6.9 8.2 8.1

At closing establishments

5,728 6,378 7,741 5,930 7,386 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.4

Net employment change (2)

24,377 21,834 17,753 2,658 6,382 5.0 4.2 3.3 0.6 1.2

Other services (3)

Gross job gains

15,101 14,543 13,065 13,267 15,237 8.4 7.8 6.9 7.0 7.9

At expanding establishments

11,931 12,062 10,721 10,872 12,288 6.6 6.5 5.7 5.7 6.4

At opening establishments

3,170 2,481 2,344 2,395 2,949 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.5

Gross job losses

10,388 10,721 11,349 11,612 11,982 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.2

At contracting establishments

8,369 8,709 8,874 9,295 9,446 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.9

At closing establishments

2,019 2,012 2,475 2,317 2,536 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3

Net employment change (2)

4,713 3,822 1,716 1,655 3,255 2.7 2.0 0.9 0.9 1.7

Footnotes:
(1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately.
(2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information.
(3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted
Category Gross job gains as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Gross job losses as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
2021
Dec.
2021
Mar.
2022
June
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Dec.
2021
Mar.
2022
June
2022
Sept.
2022

United States(1)

7.3 7.7 6.6 6.4 6.8 6.1 5.4 5.4 6.7 5.8

Alabama

6.7 7.6 6.2 6.6 7.1 6.3 5.2 6.0 7.0 6.2

Alaska

10.5 11.8 10.1 10.1 8.6 9.7 8.7 9.3 9.6 10.3

Arizona

7.1 6.8 6.8 6.7 7.9 5.1 5.0 5.7 7.3 5.5

Arkansas

6.8 7.8 5.9 5.6 6.4 6.7 4.8 5.4 6.0 5.5

California

7.8 8.5 7.4 6.6 6.7 6.1 5.5 5.6 7.2 6.1

Colorado

8.0 7.6 7.5 7.3 5.0 7.0 6.1 6.3 6.7 5.8

Connecticut

6.9 6.9 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 5.3 5.3 6.5 6.2

Delaware

7.6 8.2 7.3 6.5 8.6 7.2 6.0 5.6 8.2 6.1

District of Columbia

7.9 7.3 6.0 6.0 7.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.8 4.8

Florida

9.0 7.7 6.5 7.5 7.8 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.9 5.5

Georgia

7.5 7.9 6.8 6.6 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.7 6.7 6.0

Hawaii

7.3 7.1 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.3 5.1 5.1 5.9 4.8

Idaho

7.7 8.5 8.5 7.1 8.5 7.3 6.3 6.2 9.1 7.5

Illinois

6.6 7.5 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.0 4.9 5.0 5.9 5.3

Indiana

6.3 7.3 6.0 5.6 6.4 5.7 4.7 4.8 6.8 5.5

Iowa

6.2 6.6 6.5 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.4 5.3 6.7 6.0

Kansas

6.6 7.6 6.2 6.5 7.6 6.5 5.3 5.4 7.5 5.6

Kentucky

6.7 7.4 6.6 6.3 6.7 6.4 4.9 5.0 8.7 5.4

Louisiana

6.9 9.6 6.5 6.6 7.3 8.5 5.8 7.1 7.3 5.7

Maine

7.8 8.2 8.0 17.7 7.4 7.8 6.9 6.1 8.1 7.4

Maryland

7.5 7.3 6.6 6.7 7.5 6.4 5.3 5.9 8.1 6.0

Massachusetts

7.2 7.0 6.6 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.7 5.1 5.4 6.1

Michigan

6.5 7.5 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.2 5.1 6.5 5.9

Minnesota

6.4 7.3 6.0 6.6 6.8 6.7 5.2 5.4 7.1 6.0

Mississippi

7.6 7.9 6.1 6.5 7.2 6.1 5.7 6.0 7.0 6.3

Missouri

6.7 7.4 6.5 6.3 6.8 6.1 5.5 5.4 5.9 6.3

Montana

8.5 9.9 9.3 8.2 8.5 8.3 7.2 8.5 9.4 7.7

Nebraska

6.3 7.0 6.8 6.0 6.9 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.6 6.2

Nevada

8.9 8.3 6.8 6.9 7.6 5.7 4.8 5.2 6.7 5.7

New Hampshire

7.0 7.6 7.7 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.4 5.4 7.9 6.7

New Jersey

7.5 8.7 7.1 6.5 6.8 6.1 5.4 5.5 6.3 6.3

New Mexico

8.2 8.2 7.4 6.5 7.7 6.5 6.3 6.2 7.1 5.9

New York

7.5 7.7 6.7 7.1 6.7 5.9 5.4 5.2 6.6 6.0

North Carolina

6.8 8.1 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.4 5.0 5.3 6.2 5.9

North Dakota

7.5 7.6 7.5 6.8 7.6 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.4

Ohio

6.1 7.0 6.1 5.7 5.8 6.0 5.2 4.8 6.3 5.6

Oklahoma

7.1 7.6 6.3 6.4 7.1 6.6 5.9 5.7 6.2 5.5

Oregon

7.1 7.8 7.5 6.1 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.7 7.1 8.6

Pennsylvania

6.3 6.8 6.3 5.5 6.1 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.6 5.2

Rhode Island

7.6 8.5 7.9 7.0 6.7 7.1 6.6 5.7 7.3 7.4

South Carolina

7.3 7.9 6.9 6.4 7.3 6.0 5.3 6.2 6.9 5.6

South Dakota

6.6 7.2 7.7 6.6 7.3 6.4 5.9 6.1 6.8 6.4

Tennessee

6.9 7.3 6.6 6.3 7.0 5.4 5.6 4.7 6.4 5.4

Texas

7.1 7.7 6.3 6.5 7.4 5.5 4.8 5.4 6.1 5.2

Utah

7.4 7.5 7.8 7.0 7.9 7.0 6.0 5.9 6.8 6.7

Vermont

8.0 8.1 8.0 7.3 7.2 7.7 6.9 6.3 8.4 8.0

Virginia

6.9 7.2 6.4 6.5 7.5 6.0 5.3 5.8 7.0 6.1

Washington

7.3 7.8 7.3 7.0 7.1 5.9 5.3 5.0 7.1 6.1

West Virginia

7.1 7.9 7.3 6.3 6.8 6.5 6.0 5.9 7.9 6.5

Wisconsin

5.5 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.1 5.8 5.2 4.8 6.8 5.9

Wyoming

9.1 10.1 8.9 8.4 9.2 8.4 7.8 8.3 9.1 8.5

Puerto Rico

8.5 6.4 7.0 6.5 6.2 5.1 5.5 4.9 6.1 5.2

Virgin Islands

7.5 8.0 6.9 8.8 7.9 8.5 9.5 10.3 12.6 4.9

Footnotes
(1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.

 

Last Modified Date: Monday, May 01, 2023